CA2155859C - An apparatus for the separation of solids from flowings liquids - Google Patents
An apparatus for the separation of solids from flowings liquids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2155859C CA2155859C CA002155859A CA2155859A CA2155859C CA 2155859 C CA2155859 C CA 2155859C CA 002155859 A CA002155859 A CA 002155859A CA 2155859 A CA2155859 A CA 2155859A CA 2155859 C CA2155859 C CA 2155859C
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- panel
- solid
- separation panel
- particulate matter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/12—Emergency outlets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/0012—Settling tanks making use of filters, e.g. by floating layers of particulate material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/26—Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force or centripetal force
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
- B01D29/03—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements self-supporting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
- B01D29/03—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements self-supporting
- B01D29/035—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements self-supporting with curved filtering elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
- B01D29/31—Self-supporting filtering elements
- B01D29/35—Self-supporting filtering elements arranged for outward flow filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/88—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices
- B01D29/90—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding
- B01D29/902—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding containing fixed liquid displacement elements or cores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/88—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices
- B01D29/90—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding
- B01D29/904—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding directing the mixture to be filtered on the filtering element in a manner to clean the filter continuously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/88—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices
- B01D29/94—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for discharging the filter cake, e.g. chutes
- B01D29/945—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for discharging the filter cake, e.g. chutes for continuously discharging concentrated liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/06—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums
- B01D33/067—Construction of the filtering drums, e.g. mounting or sealing arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/06—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums
- B01D33/073—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums arranged for inward flow filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/06—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums
- B01D33/11—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums arranged for outward flow filtration
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
- E02B5/08—Details, e.g. gates, screens
- E02B5/085—Arresting devices for waterborne materials, e.g. gratings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/02—Filtering elements having a conical form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/18—Filters characterised by the openings or pores
- B01D2201/184—Special form, dimension of the openings, pores of the filtering elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2221/00—Applications of separation devices
- B01D2221/06—Separation devices for industrial food processing or agriculture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2221/00—Applications of separation devices
- B01D2221/12—Separation devices for treating rain or storm water
Abstract
A method for separation of solids from a flowing liquid by utilising the energy of the liquid including a separation panel (13) located in the path of movement, the panel, in the direction of movement of liquid, presenting a closed face (20) to the flow of liquid and having at an angle to the direction of movement, a plurality of apertures (21) therethrough through which the liquid can pass whilst solid material entrained therein is caused to move along the face (20) of the panel, the arrangement being such that the face of the panel is self cleaning.
Description
AN APPARATUS FOR THE SEPARATION OF SOLIDS FROM FLOWING LIQUID
This invention relates to methods of and apparatus for separating floating and suspended solids from a flowing liquid using continuous deflective separation, and particularly, but not solely non-mechanical methods and apparatus.
There are many applications where it is desirable to separate solids from a flowing liquid including:
1. Separation of solids from stormwater.
In many areas of Australia, and in countries other than Australia, stormwater is directed to waterways and seas.
Stormwater is a major carrier of solid pollutants such as plastics, cans, tree branches and animal faeces, amongst others to waterways and seas.
Endeavours have been made to limit the passage of at least some of these materials. one method used is by having grates across outlets from the drains but these have generally been unsatisfactory because the size of the grate must be such as to enable water to pass even if material is held against the ' grate by water pressure so it has been necessary that the grate be of substantial opening size. Also, even such grates can be blocked and it is essential to provide a flow path around or over the grate to prevent build up of water upstream in the drain system. A second alternative proposed has been the use of systems, such as cyclones and dynamic separators, to remove the waste. Whilst these can be efficient, they are too expensive to be used in the whole of a stormwater system.
2. Separation of liquid from sewage.
A major difficulty With many sewage plants is the sheer volume of liquid to be handled. This is aggravated where a admixed"
system, that is a system which carries both sewage and storm water is used. In many cases, sewage plants could handle more sewage if the quantity of liquid delivered therewith could be reduced, if, for example, liquid was removed from sewage before is enters trunk sewers. This has not been considered feasible.
Also, there are regions where stormwater and sewage are received by the same system. This can cause difficulties where there are heavy rains which overload the system as it is undesirable to permit raw sewage to pass to overflow.
This invention relates to methods of and apparatus for separating floating and suspended solids from a flowing liquid using continuous deflective separation, and particularly, but not solely non-mechanical methods and apparatus.
There are many applications where it is desirable to separate solids from a flowing liquid including:
1. Separation of solids from stormwater.
In many areas of Australia, and in countries other than Australia, stormwater is directed to waterways and seas.
Stormwater is a major carrier of solid pollutants such as plastics, cans, tree branches and animal faeces, amongst others to waterways and seas.
Endeavours have been made to limit the passage of at least some of these materials. one method used is by having grates across outlets from the drains but these have generally been unsatisfactory because the size of the grate must be such as to enable water to pass even if material is held against the ' grate by water pressure so it has been necessary that the grate be of substantial opening size. Also, even such grates can be blocked and it is essential to provide a flow path around or over the grate to prevent build up of water upstream in the drain system. A second alternative proposed has been the use of systems, such as cyclones and dynamic separators, to remove the waste. Whilst these can be efficient, they are too expensive to be used in the whole of a stormwater system.
2. Separation of liquid from sewage.
A major difficulty With many sewage plants is the sheer volume of liquid to be handled. This is aggravated where a admixed"
system, that is a system which carries both sewage and storm water is used. In many cases, sewage plants could handle more sewage if the quantity of liquid delivered therewith could be reduced, if, for example, liquid was removed from sewage before is enters trunk sewers. This has not been considered feasible.
Also, there are regions where stormwater and sewage are received by the same system. This can cause difficulties where there are heavy rains which overload the system as it is undesirable to permit raw sewage to pass to overflow.
3. Removal of pollutants from industrial wastes.
Many industrial plants must pay prohibitive rates to discharge polluted liquids into sewers. It would be most desirable to separate a part of the pollution before the waste is delivered to sewers and this would provide economies both to the plant and to the authority if this cost of the early removal of polluted matter was less than the cost of cleaning up pollution later.
Many industrial plants must pay prohibitive rates to discharge polluted liquids into sewers. It would be most desirable to separate a part of the pollution before the waste is delivered to sewers and this would provide economies both to the plant and to the authority if this cost of the early removal of polluted matter was less than the cost of cleaning up pollution later.
4. Separation of solids from liquid in industrial applications including food processing.
The principal object of the invention is to provide non-mechanical methods of and apparatus for separating floating and suspended solids from flowing liquids.
The invention, in its broadest sense, comprises a means for the separation of solid matter from a liquid including a perforated separation panel through which the liquid is adapted to pass and which prevents the passage of the solid matter of a size larger than a predetermined size characterised in that when solid matter becomes located against the panel, the flow of liquid along the face of the panel on which the solid matter is located will tend to cause it to move from the panel so that the panel is self cleaned and does not become obstructed by the solid matter.
In a specific aspect, the invention provides a non-mechanical method for separating solids from a flowing liquid by utilising the energy of the flowing liquid on the inlet side, a separation panel in the path of the fluid flow and so WO 94!17896 PCT/AU94100061 ~ 4 arranged that the liquid is deflected thereby, which deflection causing larger suspended solids to a collection sump or the like. At the same time, the liquid flow across the separation panel prevents the panel from clogging. Liquid containing some finer suspended solids can pass through the panel to the outlet side. Floating solids are retained in the collection sump behind a flow direction baffle and can be prevented from inadvertent delivery during high flow conditions by a high level baffle located adjacent the top of the separation panel.
The invention also provides an apparatus for the separation of solids from a flowing liquid which apparatus has an inlet and an outlet for the liquid, a separation panel in the path of flow between the inlet and the outlet, the panel presenting a closed face in the direction of flow but apertures therethrough at an angle thereto, liquid being able to pass through the apertures whereas solids are caused to pass over the face thereof.
The arrangement is such that even solids smaller than the size of the apertures can be caused to move past the apertures either because of the inertia of the solids, or the action of gravity, or both.
In this specification, where we refer to water flow, this is intended to include relative water flow and thus there can be ., circumstances where the separation plate is moving as well as, or instead of, the water.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, which show certain examples of the invention.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a plan view through one example of separator made in accordance with the invention;
Figure 2 is a vertical section along line a-a of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a vertical section along line b-b of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a view along arrow ~~4~~ of Figure 1;
Figure 5 shows a vertical section through a second example of a separator according to this invention;
Figure 6 shows an enlarged detail of the vertical section through the separation panel;
Figure 7 shows an example of an installation in a channel or river of separation panels for the removal of solids from a flowing liquid and subsequent collection and WO 94/17896 ~ PCT/AU94/00061 215 _;
' 6 storage;
Figure 8 shows an enlarged section a-a through the holding chambers;
Figure 9 shows as enlarged horizontal 'section through the separation panel;
Figure 10 shows an enlarged elevation of the separation panel viewed in the direction of flow of the channel in Figure 9 at view "lo" with the openings substantially closed to view;
Figure 11 shows an enlarged elevation of the separation panel from the angle giving maximum open space, in Figure 9 at view "11";
Figure 12 shows a side elevation view of a system which can remove water from sewage whilst permitting the solid matter to proceed, and is a view along line 12-12 of Figure 13;
Figure 13 shows a plan view of the system of Figure 12;
Figure 14 is a view along line 14-14 of Figure 13;
Figure 15 is a view along line 15-15 of Figure 13;
_- WO 94/1'1896 PCT/AU94/00061 Figure 16 shows a cylinder driven mechanically in a direction opposed to the protruding deflective segments of the separation apparatus causing deflection of particulant matter away form the device while allowing.liquid to pass through via the openings;
Figure 17 shows a mechanically driven apparatus with internal deflective segments and openings;
Figure 18 shows a longitudinal vertical section through a further embodiment of the invention;
Figure 19 shows an enlarged detail of the section through the lower separation panel of Figure 18;
Figure 20 shows a longitudinal vertical section through another example of this invention which has a water filled solids collection sump;
Figure 21 shows an enlarged detail of the section through the upper separation panel of Figure 20;
Figure 22 shows a plan view of an arrangement using a separation plate of the invention, together with a dynamic separator whereby the volume of water relative to solid material can be restricted; and Figure 23 shows a section along line 23-23 of Figure 22.
Referring first to Figures 1 to 4 we illus~'rate an apparatus which is a gross pollutant trap placed..in line in, say, a stormwater drain.
Before describing this in detail, the invention is equally applicable to major applications, such as in open channels, feeders or trunk stormwater drains or can be used in smaller applications such as in car parks. In the first type of application, the apparatus can be cast in situ or could be fabricated from pre-cast components, in the second could be of a pre-cast construction.
The type of apparatus illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 can be considered a larger construction and, in this case, the apparatus can be retro-fitted into a stormwater system and preferably in an area which gives reasonable access.
The apparatus has a containment sump 10 which, as shown, is contiguous with a separation chamber 16. The sump 10 is located beside the original position of the stormwater drain, which is broken to provide an inlet 11 into and an outlet 12 from the separation chamber. As the sump has to be cleaned at -intervals, the size of the sump is such as to give a required interval between cleaning and to allow recirculation of liquid VO 94!17896 ., PCTlAU94100061 into the separation chamber. It can vary in form and dimensions to suit specific site and project requirements.
The separation chamber has the separation panel 13 which is preferably a stainless steel plate, as will be described hereinafter, and which acts to separate the inlet 11 from the outlet 12. Parallel to the separation panel there may be a containment and flow direction baffle 14 which can be basically parallel to and spaced from the separation panel.
This baffle 14 must be arranged to allow recirculation and may preferably extend from the top of the chamber to contain floatables and to below the bottom of the separation plate to permit recirculation.
A high level baffle 15 can be provided to retain floatables during extreme conditions.
As illustrated, the separation panel 13 is perforated but is formed so that it presents to the incoming liquid a closed face. As can be seen from Figure 6, the panel can be deformed so that there are a number of surfaces 20 which are directed towards the flow and which have therebehind a number of apertures 21, which pass through the panel. A formation such as this is possessed by expanded mesh.
There are other ways in which the separation panel may be formed, including the use of a series of bars or flat rods WO 94117896 ~ 15 5 $ 5 ~ PCT/AU94100061 which are located to provide a closed face to the flow but with apertures located behind and between these.
It is preferred, in this and the other embodiments to be described that the closed face, as a.!'-'whole, presents a positive angle to the flow of liquid:-'w. The preferred angle will vary with different applications of the invention and can be close to being directly across the flow to being substantially parallel to the flow.
On liquid entering through the inlet, the sump 10 is first filled and then the liquid is then caused to move along the separation panel 13, and is constrained to this movement by the containment and flow direction baffle 14.
As there is effectively an hydraulic head between the inlet 11 and the outlet 12, whilst there will be movement of the liquid and any entrained solid material along the panel 13, there will be movement of liquid through the apertures 21, to the outlet 12. The solid material will, if it strikes the panel, tend to move along the panel by the forward momentum of the liquid and down the panel, by gravity. Should solid material larger than the apertures strike the surface, the forward movement of the liquid provides a self-cleaning of the surface of the panel so there is little or no tendency for blockage.
The apparatus can thus be left for substantial periods with confidence that the panel will not become blocked, it only be WO 94/17896 ~ ~ PCTlAU94/00061 necessary that the sump is cleaned at intervals before it is over-filled with solid material.
Because of the form of movement, we have found the arrangement such that not only is all solid material larger than the apertures in the panel retained, but much that is smaller.
The sold material is carried through to the sump where it tends to drop under gravity and whilst some material, particularly light material, can be moved past the separation panel more than once. The liquid which enters the sump tends to move in an arcuate manner and most of the material falls into the sump after its first movement therethrough and before it is again passed along the face of the separation panel.
Floatables will also be held in the sump. However if upstream control of floatables, say by the provision of similar apparatus at major sources such as take away food outlet carparks, is good, there may not be great quantities of floatables to be retained.
In order to maintain the apparatus, it is only necessary to empty the sump l0 at intervals to prevent excessive build up of solid matter in the sump.
Under extreme conditions, say flood or near flood conditions, it will be seen that the apparatus of the invention will not 2155 85 9 _ act as a source of difficulties. The apparatus can be so designed as to carry as much liquid as the inlet stormwater drain.
If, say because of poor maintenance and ~,h~ build up of solid in the sump, an overflow can be provided over the top of the separation plate. For these conditions, we provide the high level baffle 15 which extends from just below the top of the separation plate to the top of the flow diverter baffle and acts to retain floatables.
Referring now to Figures 5 and 6, we illustrate a simple construction which utilises the invention and can be used in open channels or the like.
The liquid containing suspended and floating solids enters through inlet 24 into the separation chamber 23. The chamber is divided into inlet and outlet sides by a separation panel 22 fixed at the lower edge to the outlet side of the chamber 23, and inclined at an angle towards the inlet 24. Again the panel 22 presents a closed surface to the incoming liquid but, as described in relation to the previous embodiment, liquid can pass through the panel 22 and to the outlet 25.
The panel 22, the sides of the inlet 24 and the inlet sides of the chamber 23 extend to a height above surface sufficient to prevent any floating solids from crossing over to the outlet 'V0 94117896 ~ ~~ 5 5 8 5 9 ~T~AU94/00061 side of the chamber 23.
The panel 22 can be skewed to one side to aid the movement of floatable materials off to the side and away from the panel.
Again, as previously discussed, the separation panel 22 is constructed with a series of segments 20 which are angled when the panel is in its required orientation and thus provide a substantially solid face opposing the liquid flow and a corresponding series of substantially horizontal openings 21 that allow the liquid to pass up and through the panel 22 to the outlet side of the chamber 23 and thence to the outlet 25.
The substantially horizontal orientation of the openings 21 in the panel 22, combined with the general downward liquid flow over the inlet side of the panel, discourages clogging and blocking of the openings by the suspended solids. A large portion of the kinetic energy of the suspended solids is dissipated as they are deflected and forced down at the panel causing them to settle down to the collection sump 26 at the bottom of the chamber 23. These solids can also be caused to move to the side as well as down.
The collected solids are removed periodically by manual or mechanical means.
Referring now to the embodiment of Figures 7 to 11. This 2155859 _ embodiment shows use of the invention as a boom or the like extending across a waterway or channel. The .separation panel 31, which can be in one piece or made ~up of overlapping segments, is placed in the flowing liquid at an angle so as to deflect suspended and floating solids to the side collection chamber 32. The panel 31 preferable extends far enough below surface level to catch floating and near-surface suspended solids. It can, in the case of a channel or river installation as shown in Figure 6, be supported by a tensioned cable 33 anchored to the bank 34 at one end and to a substantial pylon 35 set in the channel, at the other end. It may be continuous across the width of the river or as shown in Figure 6 only project part way across, being placed at a strategic location near a bend to maximise the amount of solids caught.
The collection chamber 32 has an opening 36 to the channel which although normally being open, is periodically closed by a mechanical operated door 37 to prevent further ingress of liquid and solids. When this door 37 is closed, the mechanically operated door 38 to the stockpiling chamber 39 is opened, allowing all the liquid and solids from the collection chamber 32 to enter. When the collection chamber 32 is empty, the door 38 to the stockpiling chamber 39 is closed and the door 37 to the channel is opened again allowing ingress of liquid and solids to the collection chamber 32.
The stockpiling chamber 39 contains a removable basket 40 open at the top made of similar material to the separation panel, thus allowing the liquid to pass through the basket to the lower part 41 of the stockpiling chamber from whence it is removed and discharged to the channel by mechanical means such as a pump 42.
Solids are retained in the basket 44 which can be removed and emptied periodically. Both chambers are covered by removable lids 45.
The separation panel 31 in this example is an expanded metal stainless steel plate placed in a substantially vertical plane and angled to the direction of flow so that the solid segments 43, Figure 9, form a substantially closed face when viewed from the direction of flow causing solids to be deflected along the direction of the panel 31. The liquid passes freely through the openings 44, Figure 11, in the panel and continues, unimpeded by the panel. 31, in the flow. As can be seen in Figures 10 and 11, the openings 44 are reasonably small in all dimensions relative to the overall size of the separation panel. Also the openings 44 are air an angle to the direction of flow, that is across the direction of flow. Also as seen in Figure 9 together with Figures 10 and 11, the panel has the solid segments 43 upstream of the openings 44, so that the openings 44 are shielded.
Figures 12 to 15 show a system whereby liquid can be removed from sewage so that the sewage, together with enough liquid to act as an effective carrier thereof can be passed to a main sewer, possibly through a pumping station, and the liquid can be passed to a treatment plant whereby it can be treated either to a stage in which it can be used, for example, for watering or even to a stage in which it become potable.
It will be appreciated that the capacity of sewers and treatment plants are limited by the amount of liquid passing therethrough or thereinto. If the amount of liquid can be restricted, this will enable effectively greater capacities than would otherwise be the case.
Sewage is often passed through pumping stations and if there is to be separation of the liquid from the solid material, it is necessary that such separation occurs before any pumping which tends to homogenise the material.
The system of Figures 12 to 15 includes a channel 100 which carries the liquid/solid mixture and on one side of this there is a separation screen panel 101 which can have the same properties of the panels described earlier herein.
WO 94/17896 PCT/AL)94/00061 On the side of the screen panel 101 away from the channel 100 there is a liquid receiving area 102 which has an outer wall 103.
The outer wall 103 defines the volume of material which can pass through the screen and the tapering shape aids in the maintenance of similar surface gradients on each side of the plate 101.
If the volume of flow is sufficient, it may be desirable to have separation panels on each side of the channel and the location of the other separation panel and its receiving area and wall are illustrated in broken line in Figure 13.
The outer' wall has an outlet 104 which may be closed by gates 105 and 106. The gate 105 effectively controls the head in the channel x.00 as liquid will pass through the screen panel 101 and reach the level of the top of the gate 105 before any liquid is passed tc~ the outlet 104. The gate 106 aids in the control of the size of the outlet and thus the characteristics of the flow.
Specifically, this can control the effective head and thus ensures that the flow though the channel is such as to ensure that the screen panel 101 is self cleaning.
Referring now to Figure 16, the apparatus 61 is placed in liquid 64 containing particulate matter and rotated as shown at 63 in a direction so as to produce relative movement and deflection by the protruding segments 68 while allowing liquid to pass through the surface 62 of the apparatus by way of the openings 67. Liquid is removed from inside the cylinder 66. The apparatus is rotated about its centre 65.
It may be preferred that the liquid 64 is also be caused to move relative to the apparatus to obtain the best operation.
Referring to Figure 17, the apparatus 69 has a conical shape and rotated at its axis 70 at an angle downward showing the openings 73 to be closed to a perpendicular view from the inside of the apparatus 69. Liquid containing particulate matter 74 enters at the smaller opening 77 and passes over the inside surface of the apparatus 78. The protruding deflective segments 72 as shown in detail 71 cause particulate matter to pass down along the inside surface of the apparatus and exit at the larger opening 76 while liquid i:> able to pass around the deflective segments 72 through the openings 73 and downward away from the apparatus 75. This process is aided by its rotation 79.
Referring to Figures 18 to 21, we provide an apparatus which, whilst using the principle of the invention, highlights the effect of gravity on liquid movement through the separation panel.
In this embodiment, the liquid/solid mixture enters through the inlet 81 into the upper part of the inlet side of the separation chamber 95, passing over a substantially horizontal spreader plate 82 to allow the flow from the restricted inlet 81 to spread out towards the sides of the chamber. It then passes over the direction plate 83 which is curved to further spread the flow to the width of the chamber and direct the flow towards the upper separation panel 84. The spreader plate 82 and the upper separation panel 84 are substantially tangential to the curved flow plate 83 at its top and bottom edges respectively.
In this example of the invention the separation panel 84 is made from expanded metal sheets. The openings 91 in the panel are individually in a substantially vertical plane while the connecting solid segments 92 have a positive downward slope in the direction of flow. They form a series of small downward sloping steps over which the larger solids are directed, by the action of. gravity and force of the flowing liquid, to the solids collection sump 86 at the base of the panel 84. There may be a solids straight or curved transition panel 85 at the base of the separation panel 84 to aid in clearing the panel of certain types of solids.
The layer of liquid closest to the separation panel 84 is subject to pressure by the action of gravity and the pressure of the overlying blanket of liquid and at each step in the panel 84 a portion of the liquid passes through the openings 91 to drop to the outlet collection sumps 89 below and thence to the outlet 90.
The solids collection sump 86 has on at least one side a backward sloping separation panel 87 fixed to the outlet side of the sump 86. This lower separation panel 87, is formed with a series of vertical or backward sloping solid segments 94 that provide a substantially solid face to solids in the sump 86, and a corresponding series of substantially horizontal openings 93 that allow the liquid and finer suspended solids to pass through the panel 87 under the action of water pressure, and thence to the outlet sump 89 and the outlet 90.
A solid deflection panel 88 may be located below the lower portion of the upper separation panel 84, sloping down from the top edge of the transition panel 85 to cover the lower separation panel 87. Liquid and finer suspended solids dropping down from the upper separation panel 84 are directed to the outlet collection sump 89 and thence to the outlet 90.
In another, similar, example of the invention, shown in Figure 20, the solids collection sump 200 is divided into inlet and outlet sides by the lower separation panel 87 fixed at its lower edge to the outlet side of the sump 100 and inclined back at an angle towards to lower edge of the transition panel 85. The portion of liquid that reaches the sump 200 is forced by water pressure through the lower separation panel (formed with openings and solid segments as in the previous example), into the outlet side of the sump 200, over the lip 201 of the sump 200, into the outlet collection sump 89 and thence to the outlet 90. In all other ways this embodiment of the invention is the same as described in the previous embodiment.
The embodiment of Figures 22 and 23 show the use of the concept of the invention together with a dynamic separator. This embodiment can be particularly useful for a mixed system of sewage and stormwater. As previously mentioned, such systems normally carry the sewage load and this can be multiplied many times when there is, say a heavy storm. Sewage treatment plants may well not have the capacity to cope with the increased flow and there can be a loss of raw sewage and any stormwater carried debris.
In the embodiment, under normal conditions, the inlet 110 will carry sewage and any stormwater which will enter the chamber 112 and thence to the dynamic separator 115. In this the sewage and water will pass through aperture 116 to outlet 117.
Under conditions where there is greater flow, where there is substantial stormwater, then the liquid and entrained solids which come through the inlet 110 move along the separation plate 113 which acts as described in the previous embodiments, water will pass through the plate 113 whilst the entrained solids will be moved along the surface of the plate to the dynamic separator 115. Thus there is a restriction on the quantity of water which enters the dynamic separator. With this increased flow, too, there will be a build up of the solids adjacent the centre of the dynamic separator and these, together with the entrained water, will move to the centre, by vortex action, and will pass through the outlet 116. The remainder of the water will tend to be displaced by further incoming water, it will move about the baffle 114 and will tend to re-enter chamber 112.
The capacities of the chamber 112 and the dynamic separator 115 can be selected to enable the maximum outlet of the separator to be the maximum acceptable at the sewage treatment plant and the maximum throughput such as to enable the apparatus to cope with anticipated maximum flows.
The principal object of the invention is to provide non-mechanical methods of and apparatus for separating floating and suspended solids from flowing liquids.
The invention, in its broadest sense, comprises a means for the separation of solid matter from a liquid including a perforated separation panel through which the liquid is adapted to pass and which prevents the passage of the solid matter of a size larger than a predetermined size characterised in that when solid matter becomes located against the panel, the flow of liquid along the face of the panel on which the solid matter is located will tend to cause it to move from the panel so that the panel is self cleaned and does not become obstructed by the solid matter.
In a specific aspect, the invention provides a non-mechanical method for separating solids from a flowing liquid by utilising the energy of the flowing liquid on the inlet side, a separation panel in the path of the fluid flow and so WO 94!17896 PCT/AU94100061 ~ 4 arranged that the liquid is deflected thereby, which deflection causing larger suspended solids to a collection sump or the like. At the same time, the liquid flow across the separation panel prevents the panel from clogging. Liquid containing some finer suspended solids can pass through the panel to the outlet side. Floating solids are retained in the collection sump behind a flow direction baffle and can be prevented from inadvertent delivery during high flow conditions by a high level baffle located adjacent the top of the separation panel.
The invention also provides an apparatus for the separation of solids from a flowing liquid which apparatus has an inlet and an outlet for the liquid, a separation panel in the path of flow between the inlet and the outlet, the panel presenting a closed face in the direction of flow but apertures therethrough at an angle thereto, liquid being able to pass through the apertures whereas solids are caused to pass over the face thereof.
The arrangement is such that even solids smaller than the size of the apertures can be caused to move past the apertures either because of the inertia of the solids, or the action of gravity, or both.
In this specification, where we refer to water flow, this is intended to include relative water flow and thus there can be ., circumstances where the separation plate is moving as well as, or instead of, the water.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, which show certain examples of the invention.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a plan view through one example of separator made in accordance with the invention;
Figure 2 is a vertical section along line a-a of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a vertical section along line b-b of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a view along arrow ~~4~~ of Figure 1;
Figure 5 shows a vertical section through a second example of a separator according to this invention;
Figure 6 shows an enlarged detail of the vertical section through the separation panel;
Figure 7 shows an example of an installation in a channel or river of separation panels for the removal of solids from a flowing liquid and subsequent collection and WO 94/17896 ~ PCT/AU94/00061 215 _;
' 6 storage;
Figure 8 shows an enlarged section a-a through the holding chambers;
Figure 9 shows as enlarged horizontal 'section through the separation panel;
Figure 10 shows an enlarged elevation of the separation panel viewed in the direction of flow of the channel in Figure 9 at view "lo" with the openings substantially closed to view;
Figure 11 shows an enlarged elevation of the separation panel from the angle giving maximum open space, in Figure 9 at view "11";
Figure 12 shows a side elevation view of a system which can remove water from sewage whilst permitting the solid matter to proceed, and is a view along line 12-12 of Figure 13;
Figure 13 shows a plan view of the system of Figure 12;
Figure 14 is a view along line 14-14 of Figure 13;
Figure 15 is a view along line 15-15 of Figure 13;
_- WO 94/1'1896 PCT/AU94/00061 Figure 16 shows a cylinder driven mechanically in a direction opposed to the protruding deflective segments of the separation apparatus causing deflection of particulant matter away form the device while allowing.liquid to pass through via the openings;
Figure 17 shows a mechanically driven apparatus with internal deflective segments and openings;
Figure 18 shows a longitudinal vertical section through a further embodiment of the invention;
Figure 19 shows an enlarged detail of the section through the lower separation panel of Figure 18;
Figure 20 shows a longitudinal vertical section through another example of this invention which has a water filled solids collection sump;
Figure 21 shows an enlarged detail of the section through the upper separation panel of Figure 20;
Figure 22 shows a plan view of an arrangement using a separation plate of the invention, together with a dynamic separator whereby the volume of water relative to solid material can be restricted; and Figure 23 shows a section along line 23-23 of Figure 22.
Referring first to Figures 1 to 4 we illus~'rate an apparatus which is a gross pollutant trap placed..in line in, say, a stormwater drain.
Before describing this in detail, the invention is equally applicable to major applications, such as in open channels, feeders or trunk stormwater drains or can be used in smaller applications such as in car parks. In the first type of application, the apparatus can be cast in situ or could be fabricated from pre-cast components, in the second could be of a pre-cast construction.
The type of apparatus illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 can be considered a larger construction and, in this case, the apparatus can be retro-fitted into a stormwater system and preferably in an area which gives reasonable access.
The apparatus has a containment sump 10 which, as shown, is contiguous with a separation chamber 16. The sump 10 is located beside the original position of the stormwater drain, which is broken to provide an inlet 11 into and an outlet 12 from the separation chamber. As the sump has to be cleaned at -intervals, the size of the sump is such as to give a required interval between cleaning and to allow recirculation of liquid VO 94!17896 ., PCTlAU94100061 into the separation chamber. It can vary in form and dimensions to suit specific site and project requirements.
The separation chamber has the separation panel 13 which is preferably a stainless steel plate, as will be described hereinafter, and which acts to separate the inlet 11 from the outlet 12. Parallel to the separation panel there may be a containment and flow direction baffle 14 which can be basically parallel to and spaced from the separation panel.
This baffle 14 must be arranged to allow recirculation and may preferably extend from the top of the chamber to contain floatables and to below the bottom of the separation plate to permit recirculation.
A high level baffle 15 can be provided to retain floatables during extreme conditions.
As illustrated, the separation panel 13 is perforated but is formed so that it presents to the incoming liquid a closed face. As can be seen from Figure 6, the panel can be deformed so that there are a number of surfaces 20 which are directed towards the flow and which have therebehind a number of apertures 21, which pass through the panel. A formation such as this is possessed by expanded mesh.
There are other ways in which the separation panel may be formed, including the use of a series of bars or flat rods WO 94117896 ~ 15 5 $ 5 ~ PCT/AU94100061 which are located to provide a closed face to the flow but with apertures located behind and between these.
It is preferred, in this and the other embodiments to be described that the closed face, as a.!'-'whole, presents a positive angle to the flow of liquid:-'w. The preferred angle will vary with different applications of the invention and can be close to being directly across the flow to being substantially parallel to the flow.
On liquid entering through the inlet, the sump 10 is first filled and then the liquid is then caused to move along the separation panel 13, and is constrained to this movement by the containment and flow direction baffle 14.
As there is effectively an hydraulic head between the inlet 11 and the outlet 12, whilst there will be movement of the liquid and any entrained solid material along the panel 13, there will be movement of liquid through the apertures 21, to the outlet 12. The solid material will, if it strikes the panel, tend to move along the panel by the forward momentum of the liquid and down the panel, by gravity. Should solid material larger than the apertures strike the surface, the forward movement of the liquid provides a self-cleaning of the surface of the panel so there is little or no tendency for blockage.
The apparatus can thus be left for substantial periods with confidence that the panel will not become blocked, it only be WO 94/17896 ~ ~ PCTlAU94/00061 necessary that the sump is cleaned at intervals before it is over-filled with solid material.
Because of the form of movement, we have found the arrangement such that not only is all solid material larger than the apertures in the panel retained, but much that is smaller.
The sold material is carried through to the sump where it tends to drop under gravity and whilst some material, particularly light material, can be moved past the separation panel more than once. The liquid which enters the sump tends to move in an arcuate manner and most of the material falls into the sump after its first movement therethrough and before it is again passed along the face of the separation panel.
Floatables will also be held in the sump. However if upstream control of floatables, say by the provision of similar apparatus at major sources such as take away food outlet carparks, is good, there may not be great quantities of floatables to be retained.
In order to maintain the apparatus, it is only necessary to empty the sump l0 at intervals to prevent excessive build up of solid matter in the sump.
Under extreme conditions, say flood or near flood conditions, it will be seen that the apparatus of the invention will not 2155 85 9 _ act as a source of difficulties. The apparatus can be so designed as to carry as much liquid as the inlet stormwater drain.
If, say because of poor maintenance and ~,h~ build up of solid in the sump, an overflow can be provided over the top of the separation plate. For these conditions, we provide the high level baffle 15 which extends from just below the top of the separation plate to the top of the flow diverter baffle and acts to retain floatables.
Referring now to Figures 5 and 6, we illustrate a simple construction which utilises the invention and can be used in open channels or the like.
The liquid containing suspended and floating solids enters through inlet 24 into the separation chamber 23. The chamber is divided into inlet and outlet sides by a separation panel 22 fixed at the lower edge to the outlet side of the chamber 23, and inclined at an angle towards the inlet 24. Again the panel 22 presents a closed surface to the incoming liquid but, as described in relation to the previous embodiment, liquid can pass through the panel 22 and to the outlet 25.
The panel 22, the sides of the inlet 24 and the inlet sides of the chamber 23 extend to a height above surface sufficient to prevent any floating solids from crossing over to the outlet 'V0 94117896 ~ ~~ 5 5 8 5 9 ~T~AU94/00061 side of the chamber 23.
The panel 22 can be skewed to one side to aid the movement of floatable materials off to the side and away from the panel.
Again, as previously discussed, the separation panel 22 is constructed with a series of segments 20 which are angled when the panel is in its required orientation and thus provide a substantially solid face opposing the liquid flow and a corresponding series of substantially horizontal openings 21 that allow the liquid to pass up and through the panel 22 to the outlet side of the chamber 23 and thence to the outlet 25.
The substantially horizontal orientation of the openings 21 in the panel 22, combined with the general downward liquid flow over the inlet side of the panel, discourages clogging and blocking of the openings by the suspended solids. A large portion of the kinetic energy of the suspended solids is dissipated as they are deflected and forced down at the panel causing them to settle down to the collection sump 26 at the bottom of the chamber 23. These solids can also be caused to move to the side as well as down.
The collected solids are removed periodically by manual or mechanical means.
Referring now to the embodiment of Figures 7 to 11. This 2155859 _ embodiment shows use of the invention as a boom or the like extending across a waterway or channel. The .separation panel 31, which can be in one piece or made ~up of overlapping segments, is placed in the flowing liquid at an angle so as to deflect suspended and floating solids to the side collection chamber 32. The panel 31 preferable extends far enough below surface level to catch floating and near-surface suspended solids. It can, in the case of a channel or river installation as shown in Figure 6, be supported by a tensioned cable 33 anchored to the bank 34 at one end and to a substantial pylon 35 set in the channel, at the other end. It may be continuous across the width of the river or as shown in Figure 6 only project part way across, being placed at a strategic location near a bend to maximise the amount of solids caught.
The collection chamber 32 has an opening 36 to the channel which although normally being open, is periodically closed by a mechanical operated door 37 to prevent further ingress of liquid and solids. When this door 37 is closed, the mechanically operated door 38 to the stockpiling chamber 39 is opened, allowing all the liquid and solids from the collection chamber 32 to enter. When the collection chamber 32 is empty, the door 38 to the stockpiling chamber 39 is closed and the door 37 to the channel is opened again allowing ingress of liquid and solids to the collection chamber 32.
The stockpiling chamber 39 contains a removable basket 40 open at the top made of similar material to the separation panel, thus allowing the liquid to pass through the basket to the lower part 41 of the stockpiling chamber from whence it is removed and discharged to the channel by mechanical means such as a pump 42.
Solids are retained in the basket 44 which can be removed and emptied periodically. Both chambers are covered by removable lids 45.
The separation panel 31 in this example is an expanded metal stainless steel plate placed in a substantially vertical plane and angled to the direction of flow so that the solid segments 43, Figure 9, form a substantially closed face when viewed from the direction of flow causing solids to be deflected along the direction of the panel 31. The liquid passes freely through the openings 44, Figure 11, in the panel and continues, unimpeded by the panel. 31, in the flow. As can be seen in Figures 10 and 11, the openings 44 are reasonably small in all dimensions relative to the overall size of the separation panel. Also the openings 44 are air an angle to the direction of flow, that is across the direction of flow. Also as seen in Figure 9 together with Figures 10 and 11, the panel has the solid segments 43 upstream of the openings 44, so that the openings 44 are shielded.
Figures 12 to 15 show a system whereby liquid can be removed from sewage so that the sewage, together with enough liquid to act as an effective carrier thereof can be passed to a main sewer, possibly through a pumping station, and the liquid can be passed to a treatment plant whereby it can be treated either to a stage in which it can be used, for example, for watering or even to a stage in which it become potable.
It will be appreciated that the capacity of sewers and treatment plants are limited by the amount of liquid passing therethrough or thereinto. If the amount of liquid can be restricted, this will enable effectively greater capacities than would otherwise be the case.
Sewage is often passed through pumping stations and if there is to be separation of the liquid from the solid material, it is necessary that such separation occurs before any pumping which tends to homogenise the material.
The system of Figures 12 to 15 includes a channel 100 which carries the liquid/solid mixture and on one side of this there is a separation screen panel 101 which can have the same properties of the panels described earlier herein.
WO 94/17896 PCT/AL)94/00061 On the side of the screen panel 101 away from the channel 100 there is a liquid receiving area 102 which has an outer wall 103.
The outer wall 103 defines the volume of material which can pass through the screen and the tapering shape aids in the maintenance of similar surface gradients on each side of the plate 101.
If the volume of flow is sufficient, it may be desirable to have separation panels on each side of the channel and the location of the other separation panel and its receiving area and wall are illustrated in broken line in Figure 13.
The outer' wall has an outlet 104 which may be closed by gates 105 and 106. The gate 105 effectively controls the head in the channel x.00 as liquid will pass through the screen panel 101 and reach the level of the top of the gate 105 before any liquid is passed tc~ the outlet 104. The gate 106 aids in the control of the size of the outlet and thus the characteristics of the flow.
Specifically, this can control the effective head and thus ensures that the flow though the channel is such as to ensure that the screen panel 101 is self cleaning.
Referring now to Figure 16, the apparatus 61 is placed in liquid 64 containing particulate matter and rotated as shown at 63 in a direction so as to produce relative movement and deflection by the protruding segments 68 while allowing liquid to pass through the surface 62 of the apparatus by way of the openings 67. Liquid is removed from inside the cylinder 66. The apparatus is rotated about its centre 65.
It may be preferred that the liquid 64 is also be caused to move relative to the apparatus to obtain the best operation.
Referring to Figure 17, the apparatus 69 has a conical shape and rotated at its axis 70 at an angle downward showing the openings 73 to be closed to a perpendicular view from the inside of the apparatus 69. Liquid containing particulate matter 74 enters at the smaller opening 77 and passes over the inside surface of the apparatus 78. The protruding deflective segments 72 as shown in detail 71 cause particulate matter to pass down along the inside surface of the apparatus and exit at the larger opening 76 while liquid i:> able to pass around the deflective segments 72 through the openings 73 and downward away from the apparatus 75. This process is aided by its rotation 79.
Referring to Figures 18 to 21, we provide an apparatus which, whilst using the principle of the invention, highlights the effect of gravity on liquid movement through the separation panel.
In this embodiment, the liquid/solid mixture enters through the inlet 81 into the upper part of the inlet side of the separation chamber 95, passing over a substantially horizontal spreader plate 82 to allow the flow from the restricted inlet 81 to spread out towards the sides of the chamber. It then passes over the direction plate 83 which is curved to further spread the flow to the width of the chamber and direct the flow towards the upper separation panel 84. The spreader plate 82 and the upper separation panel 84 are substantially tangential to the curved flow plate 83 at its top and bottom edges respectively.
In this example of the invention the separation panel 84 is made from expanded metal sheets. The openings 91 in the panel are individually in a substantially vertical plane while the connecting solid segments 92 have a positive downward slope in the direction of flow. They form a series of small downward sloping steps over which the larger solids are directed, by the action of. gravity and force of the flowing liquid, to the solids collection sump 86 at the base of the panel 84. There may be a solids straight or curved transition panel 85 at the base of the separation panel 84 to aid in clearing the panel of certain types of solids.
The layer of liquid closest to the separation panel 84 is subject to pressure by the action of gravity and the pressure of the overlying blanket of liquid and at each step in the panel 84 a portion of the liquid passes through the openings 91 to drop to the outlet collection sumps 89 below and thence to the outlet 90.
The solids collection sump 86 has on at least one side a backward sloping separation panel 87 fixed to the outlet side of the sump 86. This lower separation panel 87, is formed with a series of vertical or backward sloping solid segments 94 that provide a substantially solid face to solids in the sump 86, and a corresponding series of substantially horizontal openings 93 that allow the liquid and finer suspended solids to pass through the panel 87 under the action of water pressure, and thence to the outlet sump 89 and the outlet 90.
A solid deflection panel 88 may be located below the lower portion of the upper separation panel 84, sloping down from the top edge of the transition panel 85 to cover the lower separation panel 87. Liquid and finer suspended solids dropping down from the upper separation panel 84 are directed to the outlet collection sump 89 and thence to the outlet 90.
In another, similar, example of the invention, shown in Figure 20, the solids collection sump 200 is divided into inlet and outlet sides by the lower separation panel 87 fixed at its lower edge to the outlet side of the sump 100 and inclined back at an angle towards to lower edge of the transition panel 85. The portion of liquid that reaches the sump 200 is forced by water pressure through the lower separation panel (formed with openings and solid segments as in the previous example), into the outlet side of the sump 200, over the lip 201 of the sump 200, into the outlet collection sump 89 and thence to the outlet 90. In all other ways this embodiment of the invention is the same as described in the previous embodiment.
The embodiment of Figures 22 and 23 show the use of the concept of the invention together with a dynamic separator. This embodiment can be particularly useful for a mixed system of sewage and stormwater. As previously mentioned, such systems normally carry the sewage load and this can be multiplied many times when there is, say a heavy storm. Sewage treatment plants may well not have the capacity to cope with the increased flow and there can be a loss of raw sewage and any stormwater carried debris.
In the embodiment, under normal conditions, the inlet 110 will carry sewage and any stormwater which will enter the chamber 112 and thence to the dynamic separator 115. In this the sewage and water will pass through aperture 116 to outlet 117.
Under conditions where there is greater flow, where there is substantial stormwater, then the liquid and entrained solids which come through the inlet 110 move along the separation plate 113 which acts as described in the previous embodiments, water will pass through the plate 113 whilst the entrained solids will be moved along the surface of the plate to the dynamic separator 115. Thus there is a restriction on the quantity of water which enters the dynamic separator. With this increased flow, too, there will be a build up of the solids adjacent the centre of the dynamic separator and these, together with the entrained water, will move to the centre, by vortex action, and will pass through the outlet 116. The remainder of the water will tend to be displaced by further incoming water, it will move about the baffle 114 and will tend to re-enter chamber 112.
The capacities of the chamber 112 and the dynamic separator 115 can be selected to enable the maximum outlet of the separator to be the maximum acceptable at the sewage treatment plant and the maximum throughput such as to enable the apparatus to cope with anticipated maximum flows.
Claims (27)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An apparatus for separating solid or particulate matter from a liquid flowing through said apparatus in a direction of flow through said apparatus along a flow path from an inlet to an outlet, said apparatus comprising:
a chamber member providing a chamber with an inlet and an outlet so that said chamber is configured to contain a volume of said liquid;
a separation panel of expanded metal mesh positioned in said flow path of said liquid and positioned in said chamber so as to be at least partly submerged in said volume, said separation panel having a face along which said liquid passes in a predetermined direction, said separation panel having a plurality of openings of a predetermined size, with each opening having a dimension in any direction being substantially smaller than a panel dimension in that direction, said openings being disposed at an angle to said direction of flow of said liquid, wherein said separation panel has a plurality of protruding segments adjacent said openings, with each segment extending from said face of said panel at a position upstream of a respective one of the openings to project into said flow path to form a substantially closed face to said liquid flowing in said direction of flow such that liquid flowing through said openings will only contain solid or particulate matter smaller than said predetermined size and such that, in use, solid or particulate matter larger than said predetermined size is substantially prevented from obstructing said separation panel.
a chamber member providing a chamber with an inlet and an outlet so that said chamber is configured to contain a volume of said liquid;
a separation panel of expanded metal mesh positioned in said flow path of said liquid and positioned in said chamber so as to be at least partly submerged in said volume, said separation panel having a face along which said liquid passes in a predetermined direction, said separation panel having a plurality of openings of a predetermined size, with each opening having a dimension in any direction being substantially smaller than a panel dimension in that direction, said openings being disposed at an angle to said direction of flow of said liquid, wherein said separation panel has a plurality of protruding segments adjacent said openings, with each segment extending from said face of said panel at a position upstream of a respective one of the openings to project into said flow path to form a substantially closed face to said liquid flowing in said direction of flow such that liquid flowing through said openings will only contain solid or particulate matter smaller than said predetermined size and such that, in use, solid or particulate matter larger than said predetermined size is substantially prevented from obstructing said separation panel.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said separation panel is generally flat.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said separation panel is generally vertically oriented.
4. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said separation panel extends generally horizontally transverse of said direction, and slopes downwardly in said direction.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said separation panel is arcuate such that said face is concave.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said face is generally vertically oriented.
7. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said separation panel is arcuate so that said face is convex.
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said face is generally vertically oriented.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said apertures face in a direction which has a direction component in said predetermined direction.
10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said apparatus additionally includes a flow diverter baffle disposed parallel to and spaced from said separation panel to allow recirculation of said liquid and contain floatables.
11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein said apparatus includes a further baffle which extends from just below a top of said separation panel to a top of said flow diverter baffle and which acts to retain floatables.
12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said flow diverter baffle is a downwardly directed baffle.
13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said apparatus includes a receptacle for collecting said solid or particulate matter.
14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said apparatus additionally includes means for removing said solid of particulate matter from said receptacle.
15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein said means for removing said solid or particulate matter from said receptacle include providing said receptacle with a removable container into which said solid or particulate matter may be received within said receptacle, in use of said apparatus.
16. An apparatus for separating solid or particulate matter from a liquid flowing through said apparatus in a direction of flow through said apparatus along a flow path from an inlet to an outlet, said apparatus comprising:
a separation panel positioned in said flow path of said liquid, said separation panel having a face along which said liquid passes in a predetermined direction, said separation panel having a plurality of openings of a predetermined size, with each opening having a dimension in any direction being substantially smaller than a panel dimension in that direction, said openings being disposed at an angle to said direction of flow of said liquid, a flow diverter baffle disposed parallel to and spaced from said separation panel to allow recirculation of said liquid and contain floatables;
wherein said separation panel has a plurality of protruding segments adjacent said openings, with each segment extending from said face of said panel at a position upstream of a respective one of the openings to project into said flow path to form a substantially closed face to said liquid flowing in said direction of flow such that liquid flowing through said openings will only contain solid or particulate matter smaller than said predetermined size and such that, in use, solid or particulate matter larger than said predetermined size is substantially prevented from obstructing said separation panel.
a separation panel positioned in said flow path of said liquid, said separation panel having a face along which said liquid passes in a predetermined direction, said separation panel having a plurality of openings of a predetermined size, with each opening having a dimension in any direction being substantially smaller than a panel dimension in that direction, said openings being disposed at an angle to said direction of flow of said liquid, a flow diverter baffle disposed parallel to and spaced from said separation panel to allow recirculation of said liquid and contain floatables;
wherein said separation panel has a plurality of protruding segments adjacent said openings, with each segment extending from said face of said panel at a position upstream of a respective one of the openings to project into said flow path to form a substantially closed face to said liquid flowing in said direction of flow such that liquid flowing through said openings will only contain solid or particulate matter smaller than said predetermined size and such that, in use, solid or particulate matter larger than said predetermined size is substantially prevented from obstructing said separation panel.
17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein said apparatus includes a further baffle which extends from just below a top of said separation panel to a top of said flow diverter baffle and which acts to retain floatables.
18. An apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein said flow diverter baffle is a downwardly directed baffle.
19. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein said apparatus includes a receptacle for collecting said solid or particulate matter.
20. An apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein said apparatus additionally includes means for removing said solid or particulate matter from said receptacle.
21. An apparatus as claimed in claim 20, wherein said means for removing said solid or particulate matter from said receptacle include providing said receptacle with a removable container into which said solid or particulate matter may be received within said receptacle, in use of said apparatus.
22. An apparatus for separating solid or particulate matter from a liquid flowing through said apparatus in a direction of flow through said apparatus along a flow path from an inlet to an outlet, said apparatus comprising:
a separation panel positioned in said flow path of said liquid, said separation panel having a face along which said liquid passes in a predetermined direction, said separation panel having a plurality of openings of a predetermined size, with each opening having a dimension in any direction being substantially smaller than a panel dimension in that direction, said openings being disposed at an angle to said direction of flow of said liquid, a receptacle for collecting said solid or particulate matter;
wherein said separation panel has a plurality of protruding segments adjacent said openings, with each segment extending from said face of said panel at a position upstream of a respective one of the openings to project into said flow path to form a substantially closed face to said liquid flowing in said direction of flow such that liquid flowing through said openings will only contain solid or particulate matter smaller than said predetermined size and such that, in use, solid or particulate matter larger than said predetermined size is substantially prevented from obstructing said separation panel.
a separation panel positioned in said flow path of said liquid, said separation panel having a face along which said liquid passes in a predetermined direction, said separation panel having a plurality of openings of a predetermined size, with each opening having a dimension in any direction being substantially smaller than a panel dimension in that direction, said openings being disposed at an angle to said direction of flow of said liquid, a receptacle for collecting said solid or particulate matter;
wherein said separation panel has a plurality of protruding segments adjacent said openings, with each segment extending from said face of said panel at a position upstream of a respective one of the openings to project into said flow path to form a substantially closed face to said liquid flowing in said direction of flow such that liquid flowing through said openings will only contain solid or particulate matter smaller than said predetermined size and such that, in use, solid or particulate matter larger than said predetermined size is substantially prevented from obstructing said separation panel.
23. An apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein said apparatus additionally includes a flow diverter baffle disposed parallel to and spaced from said separation panel to allow recirculation of said liquid and contain floatables.
24. An apparatus as claimed in claim 23, wherein said apparatus includes a further baffle which extends from just below a top of said separation panel to a top of said flow diverter baffle and which acts to retain floatables,
25. An apparatus as claimed in claim 24, wherein said flow diverter baffle is a downwardly directed baffle.
26. An apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein said apparatus additionally includes means for removing said solid or particulate matter from said receptacle.
27. An apparatus as claimed in claim 26, wherein said means for removing said solid or particulate matter from said receptacle include providing said receptacle with a removable container into which said solid or particulate matter may be received within said receptacle, in use of said apparatus.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPL722293 | 1993-02-11 | ||
| AUPL7222/93 | 1993-02-11 | ||
| AUPL8710/93 | 1993-05-11 | ||
| AUPL871093 | 1993-05-11 | ||
| AUPL9990/93 | 1993-07-19 | ||
| AUPL999093 | 1993-07-19 | ||
| PCT/AU1994/000061 WO1994017896A1 (en) | 1993-02-11 | 1994-02-11 | An apparatus for the separation of solids from flowing liquid |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2155859A1 CA2155859A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
| CA2155859C true CA2155859C (en) | 2004-08-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002155859A Expired - Lifetime CA2155859C (en) | 1993-02-11 | 1994-02-11 | An apparatus for the separation of solids from flowings liquids |
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| BR (1) | BR9406371A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2155859C (en) |
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| SG (2) | SG87049A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW328911B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994017896A1 (en) |
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-
1994
- 1994-02-11 JP JP51745394A patent/JP3725897B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-11 BR BR9406371A patent/BR9406371A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-02-11 ES ES94907452T patent/ES2139732T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-11 DK DK94907452T patent/DK0688236T4/en active
- 1994-02-11 AT AT94907452T patent/ATE183940T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-11 KR KR1019950703351A patent/KR100331594B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-02-11 DE DE69420395T patent/DE69420395T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-11 CN CN94191742A patent/CN1048187C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-11 WO PCT/AU1994/000061 patent/WO1994017896A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-02-11 EP EP94907452A patent/EP0688236B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-11 NZ NZ261815A patent/NZ261815A/en unknown
- 1994-02-11 CA CA002155859A patent/CA2155859C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-11 SG SG9904488A patent/SG87049A1/en unknown
- 1994-02-11 SG SG1996006410A patent/SG54237A1/en unknown
- 1994-02-11 AU AU61034/94A patent/AU6103494A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-02-11 NZ NZ328652A patent/NZ328652A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-08-10 TW TW083107275A patent/TW328911B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-08-10 FI FI953805A patent/FI115828B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-11 NO NO19953174A patent/NO310806B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-09-19 US US08/934,078 patent/US6641720B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-11-30 GR GR990403101T patent/GR3032007T3/en unknown
-
2001
- 2001-08-29 US US09/940,439 patent/US6511595B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20140211 |