CA2151696C - Dishwashing composition comprising a blend of nonionic surfactants - Google Patents
Dishwashing composition comprising a blend of nonionic surfactantsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2151696C CA2151696C CA002151696A CA2151696A CA2151696C CA 2151696 C CA2151696 C CA 2151696C CA 002151696 A CA002151696 A CA 002151696A CA 2151696 A CA2151696 A CA 2151696A CA 2151696 C CA2151696 C CA 2151696C
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- approximately
- nonionic surfactant
- dishwashing composition
- composition according
- weight
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/0026—Low foaming or foam regulating compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3707—Polyethers, e.g. polyalkyleneoxides
Abstract
A machine dishwashing composition is provided wherein two specifically defined nonionic surfactants are utilized which in combination have been shown through empirical research to surprisingly yield improved results. One of the nonionic surfactants is an alcohol alkoxylate (as defined) and the other nonionic surfactant is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (as defined). The use temperature for efficient cleaning while using the composition extends over a broad range up to at least 140°F. in the absence of deleterious foaming even in the presence of protein soil (e.g., egg and/or milk soil).
Description
.
IMPROVED DISHWASHING COMPOSITION
COMPRISING A BLEND OF NONIONIC SURFACTANTS
Background of the Invention Machine dishwashing compositions comprising one or more nonionic surfactants long have been known and are commercially available. For optimum results the detergent co-uposilion should be capable of adequate soil removal when used under the varied conditions commonly encountered by the consumer in a typical household machine dishwasher. The operaffng conditions commonly encountered in household dishwashers used by the public frequently encompass a range of diverse operating ten.l)el~tures that often are influenced by the temperature of the water currently being supplied by the household hot-water heater for the diverse hot-water ~uire--lents of the home. At a time of high demand for hot water within the household, the water ~e...~ ture may be considerably lower than when there is no co-~pelition for the finite supply of hot water. It further is recognized that optimum soil removal commonly is achieved at higher water temperatures. Additionally, it is recognized that certain types of soils, such as protein soil from eggs and/or milk products, in conjunction with the detergent, can enhance the generation of harmful qu~ntities of foam within the dishwasher that serve to impede the removal of soil from dishes by reducing the impact of a stream of water thrown by the spray arm or impeller of the dishwasher.
~215 1696 Represçnt~tive nonionic surf~ct~nLc for use in m~chine disl~waslling composi~ions are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,306,987; 4,411,810; and 4,438,014. Additionally, commonly ~signed U.S. Patent No. 4,272,394 discloses a surfactant col,-~s;~on comprising a blend of nonionic surf~ct~ntc.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved aqueous m~.hine dishwashing composition that exhibits good soil removal ~ropellies and effective protein soil defoaming over an expanded range of operating tempelatures.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved aqueous machine dishwashing composition that is suitable for use at a teln~el~ture of up to at least 140~F. in the absence of deleterious foaming even in the presence of protein soil sometimes encountered during the washing of household dishes.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved aqueous m~chine dishwashing composition that in a preferred embodiment is free of an allyl phosphate ester defoamer.
These and other objects and advantages of the claimed invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and~0 appended claims.
IMPROVED DISHWASHING COMPOSITION
COMPRISING A BLEND OF NONIONIC SURFACTANTS
Background of the Invention Machine dishwashing compositions comprising one or more nonionic surfactants long have been known and are commercially available. For optimum results the detergent co-uposilion should be capable of adequate soil removal when used under the varied conditions commonly encountered by the consumer in a typical household machine dishwasher. The operaffng conditions commonly encountered in household dishwashers used by the public frequently encompass a range of diverse operating ten.l)el~tures that often are influenced by the temperature of the water currently being supplied by the household hot-water heater for the diverse hot-water ~uire--lents of the home. At a time of high demand for hot water within the household, the water ~e...~ ture may be considerably lower than when there is no co-~pelition for the finite supply of hot water. It further is recognized that optimum soil removal commonly is achieved at higher water temperatures. Additionally, it is recognized that certain types of soils, such as protein soil from eggs and/or milk products, in conjunction with the detergent, can enhance the generation of harmful qu~ntities of foam within the dishwasher that serve to impede the removal of soil from dishes by reducing the impact of a stream of water thrown by the spray arm or impeller of the dishwasher.
~215 1696 Represçnt~tive nonionic surf~ct~nLc for use in m~chine disl~waslling composi~ions are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,306,987; 4,411,810; and 4,438,014. Additionally, commonly ~signed U.S. Patent No. 4,272,394 discloses a surfactant col,-~s;~on comprising a blend of nonionic surf~ct~ntc.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved aqueous m~.hine dishwashing composition that exhibits good soil removal ~ropellies and effective protein soil defoaming over an expanded range of operating tempelatures.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved aqueous machine dishwashing composition that is suitable for use at a teln~el~ture of up to at least 140~F. in the absence of deleterious foaming even in the presence of protein soil sometimes encountered during the washing of household dishes.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved aqueous m~chine dishwashing composition that in a preferred embodiment is free of an allyl phosphate ester defoamer.
These and other objects and advantages of the claimed invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and~0 appended claims.
2 1 ~ 9 ~
Summary of the Invention It has been found that an improved machine dishwashing co~ ~s;Lion suitable for use in water at a le,npe,~ture of up to at least 140~F. in the absence of excessive foaming even in the presence of protein soil consists esse~ lly a~lo,~imately 1 to 10 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of a blend of nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii), wherein (i) is an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant having a molecular weight of approximately 500 to 2,000 and the structural formula:
R C--C--O C--C--O H, l l l l H H H H
-x Y
wherein R is an alkyl group of 6 to 18 carbon atoms, R~ is a methyl group or an ethyl group, x is at least 3, and y is at least 2, and (ii) is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a molecular weight of approximately 2,000 to 5,000 and the structural formula:
CH3 H IH IH - r CH3 HO--C HC--O IC IC--O C--C O--H
- ~ a - ~ b ~ ~ c wherein a + c equals at least 20, and b is at least 20; approximately 10 to 90 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of at least one builder detergent; and approximately 0.5 to 50 percent by weight based upon the -' 2~S1 69~
total weight of the composition of at least one cGIn~und cont~ining activ chlorine or available oxygen.
All weight ~,~;enl~ges e~l,ressed herein are based upon the total weight of nonaqueous co"~pollents present in the composition unless otherwise e,.~ssed.
Detailed D~s~ ion The m~chine dishwashing composition of the present invention includes a blend of two specifically defined nonionic surfactants th~t through empirical research has been found to yield surprisingly advantageous dishwashing results wherein there is an absence of excessive foaming even at elevated use le.,,ye~tures as discussed in detail hereafter.
The first nonionic surfactant (i) is an alcohol alkoxylate having a molecular weight of approximately 500 to 2,000 (preferably 1,200 to 1,600) and the structural formula A:
R - C--C--O C--C--O--H .
H H H H
-x Y
wherein R is an alkyl group of 6 to 18 (preferably 8 to 10) carbon atoms, R~ is a methyl group or an ethyl group, x is at least 3 (~, 3 to 12), and y is at least 2 (~, 2 to 18).
21~1 696 The alkyl groups R of nonionic surfactant (i) can be branched- or straight-ch~ined. Rel)~sen~tive examples of plefelltd alkyl groups include hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, and mixtures of these.
The recurring oxyethylene units in nonionic surfactant (i) de~ign~d by x are derived from ethylene oxide and impart hydrophilic moieties to the surfactant. The recurring units y are derived from propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide and impart hydrophobic moieties to the surfactant. In a preferred embodiment Rl is methyl and the recurring units y are derived exclusively from propylene oxide.
The nonionic surfactant (i) can be formed by known techniques wherein a monofunctional initiator (~, a monohydric alcohol, such as octyl alcohol and/or decyl alcohol) from which the R portion of the surfactant molecule is derived is first reacted with ethylene oxide and subsequently with propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide. The recurring units x and y commonly are selected so that the weight of the oxyethylene units x constitutes approximately 25 to 45 percent by weight based upon the total weight of nonionic surfactant (i). In a preferred embodiment the recurring units x and y are selected so that the weight of the oxyethylene units x constitutes approximately 30 percent by weight based upon the total weight of nonionic surfactant (i).
Nonionic surfactant (i) preferably exhibits a cloud point of no more than appro~imately 20~C. (ç~, approximately 10 to 20~C.). Such cloud point conveniently can be determined while observing a 1 weight percent aqueous solution of the surfactant in accordance with conventional procedures.
, 2IS1696 The second nonionic surfactant (ii) is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a molecular weight of approximately 2,000 to 5,000 (pr~rel~bly 3,000 to 4,000) and the structural formula B:
CH3 IH IH IH IH l H3 HO--C C--O C--C--O C C O H, H H H H H H
- ~ a - ~ b ~ ~ c wherein the outermost blocks of the surfactant structure are derived from propylene oxide and are hydrophobic in nature, and the central block is derived from ethylene oxide and is hydrophilic in nature. In the structural formula a + c equals at least 20 (ç~, 20 to 40, and preferably 25 to 36), and b is at least 20 (~,~, 20 to 35, and preferably 22 to 32). In the structural formula a and c individually commonly are at least 10. In a particularly preferred embodiment a and c are substantially e~qual. Also, in a pl~felled embodiment the units b derived from ethylene oxide of the nonionic surfactant (ii) are present in a concentration of approximately 30 to 50 (~, 40) percent by weight based upon the total weight of nonionic surfactant (ii).
The nonionic surfactant (ii) can be formed by conventional techniques, such as that described in commonly assigned U.S. Patent No. 2,674,619.
Ethylene oxide can be added to ethylene glycol to provide a hydrophile of the desired molecular weight, and propylene oxide can next be added to obtain hydrophobic blocks at each end of the nonionic surfactant molecule.
- ~lsl6~6 Nonionic surfactant (ii) preferably exhibits a cloud point of appro~imately 30 to 50~C. Such cloud point conveniently can be dete~ hled while observing a 1 weight percent aqueous solution of the surfactant in accordance with conventional procedures.
The machine dishwashing composition of the present invention commonly contains a weight concentration of nonionic surfactant (i) to nonionic surfactant (ii) in the blend of nonionic surfactants of approximately 3 to 5:1, and preferably approximately 4:1. During the l--all eting and shi~,--ent of the surfacPnt~, the surfactant blend conveniently can be provided as a concentrated aqueous solution wherein the nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii) are provided in a combined concentration of approximately 80 percent or more by weight. In a further embodiment the dishwashing composition conveniently can be marketed as a free-flowing granular product that includes nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii).
Alternatively, the surfactants can be individually obtained and combined with the other ingredients of the dishwashing composition when added to the machine dishwasher.
The dishwashing composition of the present invention commonly contains the blend of nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii) in a combined concentration of applo~cimately 1 to 10 percent by weight based upon the total weight of nonaqueous components, and preferably surfactants (i) and (ii) are present in a combined concentration of approximately 1 to 6 percent by weight based upon the total weight of nonaqueous components. When a phosphate builder detergent 21s1 696 is present in the co,l,posihon, a combined concenhation of nonionic ~ ra~ ts (i) and (ii) of approxim~t~ly 1 to 3 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the nonaqueous col"l)onellt~ commonly is utilized. When no phosphal~ builder detergent or a phosphate builder detel~ent is utilized in a low concentration, a combined concentration of nanionic surfactants (i) and (ii) of approximately 3 to 6 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the nonaqueous co,.lponents commonly is utili7ed.
The machine dishwashing composition of the present invention contains approximately 10 to 90 (~, 40 to 85) percent by weight of at least one builder detergent that increases the effectiveness of the composition by acting as a softener, sequestering, and/or buffering agent. Commonly one utilizes a combination of builder detergents, such as those commonly employed in the prior art. Representative builder detergents include phosphates, silicates, polyacrylic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, zeolites, starch derivatives, etc. Further examples of possible builder detergents for use in the machine dishwashing coll,position of the present invention include tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, mixtures of di- and trisodium orthophosphate, sodium metasilicate, sodium sequisilicate, borax, sodium borate, organic sequestering agents such as ethylene~ mine tetr~ et~s, water-soluble salts of citric acid, tetrasodium ethylene diamine tetr~ et~te, nitriloacetic acid, etc.
Additionally, the machine dishwashing composition of the present invention contains approximately 0.5 to 50 (e.~., 1 to 5) percent by weight of at 21 ~1 696 least one colnpound conl~inillg active chlorine or available oxygen. Such compound imparts germicidal and bleaching action to the coll"~sition.
Representative active-chlorine containing compounds include chlorinated trisodium phosphate, trichlorocyanuric acid, sodium trichloroisocyanurate, the sodium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid, the potassium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid, sodium hypochlorite, and 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. The arnount of active chlorine or available oxygen provided by each compound will vary as will be apparent to those skilled in the art and the concentration will be selected so as to provide sufficient germicidal bleaching activity. For instance, much higher amounts of active chlorine are provided by a given concentration of a salt of a chlorirlated cyanuric acid than by chlorinated trisodium phosphate.
Representative compounds for the supply of available oxygen include the conventional peroxygen bleaching compounds, such as sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, etc.
Other auxiliary conlpollents commonly utilized in dishwashing compositions may optionally also be included in the aqueous machine dishwashing co~position of the present invention so long as such ingredients do not interfere with the surprising benefits made possible by the blend of nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii) discussed herein. Such optional additional ingredients include fillers (~, sodium sulfate), colorants, fragrance-release agents, etc. In a preferred embodiment, a phosphate ester defoamer is absent in the dishwashing composition of the present invention.
_ 21S16~6 The m~chine dishwasher composition of the present invention commonly is contacted with food-soiled utensils during use when present in an aqueous solution in a concentration of about 0.1 to about 1.5 (ç~g" 0.2 to 1) percent by weight at an elevated water te,-,pelature.
The dishwashing composition of the present invention provides the user with good cleaning ability for soiled dishes over a broad range of operating conditions up to at least 140~F. For instance, satisfactory soil removal commonly is achieved at temperatures ranging from 80~F. up to at least 140~F.
Even if protein-containing soil, such as that derived from eggs and/or milk products is encountered in the dishwasher, excessive foaming does not occur when utili7ing the improved machine dishwashing composition of the present invention. Accordingly, excessive quantities of foam surprisingly are not generated even at elevated temperatures. If such excessive quantities of foam were present, they would inhibit the cleaning of dishes through the at least partial blockage of the action of the surfactant-containing stream of water that is directed by the dishwasher's spray arm or impeller to impact upon the exposed surfaces of the dishes that are intended to be washed. Also, effective foam control is maintained even at lower dishwashing temperatures. Additionally, no potentially harmful phosphate ester defoamers need be utilized in the machine dishwashing composition of the present invention.
The following Examples are presented as specific illustrations of the present invention. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the specific details set forth in the Examples. In the Examples and in 21S1 6g6 the Comy~ /e Examples dishes were washed in a standard Hobart UMP-4 commercial dishwasher while using various nonionic surfactants (identified hereafter) individually and when blended in accordance with the concept of the present invention. In some instances egg soil or milk soil was added. In each inst~nce, the nonionic surfactant or nonionic surfactant blend was provided in a concentration of 3 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the nonaqueous components of the dishwashing composition that was added to the water which circulated in the dishwasher during the wash cycle. Conventional builder salts in powder form were present in each instance (~, 44 percent by weight sodium tripolyphosphate, 20 percent by weight sodium carbonate, 20 percent by weight of sodium metasilicate), and a filler in powder form (~, 11.5 percent by weight sodium sulfate). Additionally, 1.5 percent by weight of sodium trichloroisocyanurate was present in each instance as an active chlorine-containing col~lpo~md.
In each Example and Comparative Example the machine cont~ining typical utensils (~" dishes, and flatware) was started and was allowed to fill partially with water, the machine was stopped, 20 grams of the dishwashing composition were added, and the machine was restarted and was allowed to fill completely. In some instances 15 grams of raw egg soil or 12 grams of milk soil also were added. The water telllpel~ture was provided at approximately 90~F.
or at appluximately 140~F. After the wash cycle was started, the spray arm rotation rate was measured and is exl,ressed hereafter as a percentage relative to the rotation rate measured in water only. The foaming characteristics of the dishwashing co"lposition were measured in each instance through an observation of the spray-arrn rotation rate. Such spray-arm rotation rate was inversely pr~olLional to the quantity of foarn generated in the dishwasher. Excess foam inlelreles with .satiqf~tQry dishwashing.
Comparative Example 1 An alcohol alkoxylate nonionic surfactant was utilized having a molecular weight of a~ro~imately 1,400 that corresponded to structural formula A
previously presented for a surfactant of this type wherein R was an alkyl group of 8 to 10 carbon atoms, R~ was a methyl group, "x" was approximately 10, and "y" was approximately 14. Such surfactant exhibited a cloud point of 19~C.
This composition was evaluated at 90~F. and 140~F.
Comparative Example 2 Exarnple 1 was repeated with the exception that an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant was utilized having a molecular weight of 600 that colr~ JQnded to structural formula A previously presented for a surfactant of this type wherein R
was an alkyl group of 10 to 14 carbon atoms, Rl was an ethyl group, "x" was approximately 5, and "y" was approximately 2. This composition was evaluated at 90~F. and 140~F.
~-- .
Comparative ~Y~mple 3 Exarnple 1 was repeated with the exception that an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant was utilized having a molecular weight of 1,800 that co.l~sponded to sll~l~;luldl formula A previously presented for a surfactant of this type wherein R
was an alkyl group of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, Rl was a methyl group, "x" was approximately 12, and "y" was approximately 18. This composition was evaluated at 90~F. and 140~F.
Comparati~e Example 4 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that a block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a molecular weight of approximately 3,000 was utilized that coll~sl)onded to structural formula B previously presented for a surfactant of this type wherein a + c was app,(,~imately 31, and b was approximately 27. Such surfactant exhibited a cloud point of 40~C. This composition was evaluated at 90~F.
Comparative Ex~h~ 5 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that a block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a molecular weight of approximately 3,200 was utilized that corresponded to structural formula B previously presented for a surfactant of this type wherein a + c was approximately 33, and b was approximately 29. Such surfactant exhibited a cloud point of 40~C. This composition was evaluated at 90~F.
~1~1696 Comparative E~ 6 ~ ;.Y~mple 1 was repeated with the exception that a block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene o~ide having a molecular weight of al?p~u~cimately 3,500 was utilized that co,l~sponded to structural formula B previously presented for a surfactant of this type wherein a + c was a~p.u~imately 36, and b was approximately 32. Such surfactant exhibited a cloud point of 31~C. This composition was evaluated at 90~F.
Example 7 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the surfactant was a blend of alcohol alkoxylate surfactant of Example 1 and the block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of Example 4. The weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant of Example 1 to that of Example 4 was 4:1.
Example 8 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the surfactant was a blend of alcohol alkoxylate surfactant of Example 1 and the block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of Example 5. The weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant of Example 1 to that of Example 5 was 4:1.
Example 9 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the surfactant was a blend of alcohol alkoxylate surfactant of Example l and the block copolymer nonionic su-f~ct~nt of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of Example 6. The weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant of Example 1 to that of Example 6 was 4:1.
Example 10 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the surfactant was a blend of alcohol alkoxylate surfactant of Example 2 and the block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of Example 6. The weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant of Example 2 to that of Example 6 was 4:1.
Example 11 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the surfactant was a blend of alcohol alkoxylate surfactant of Example 3 and the block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of Example 6. The weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant of Example 3 to that of Example 6 was 4:1.
The results observed in the foregoing Examples and Comparative Examples are reported in the TABLE hereafter.
~151 69~
TABLE
SPRAY ARM EFFICIENCY (Percent) Number Temperature No Soil ¦ Milk Soil ~ Egg Soil Co~ )~alive 90 98 91 78 Pl~mple 1 140 99 95 79 Comparative 90 98 91 79 Example 2 140 100 94 78 Comparative 90 96 89 76 Example 3 140 98 94 79 Comparative Example 4 90 61 51 45 Comparative Example 5 90 66 46 35 Comparative Example 6 90 70 69 54 Example 7 90 96 90 77 Example 8 90 97 89 79 Example 9 90 97 90 90 Example 10 90 97 95 82 Example 11 90 94 89 87 It will be noted that the nonionic surfactant blends of the present invention surprisingly exhibit improved plopelLies. A spray arm efficiency of at least 70 is required for satisfactory dishwashing efficiency with increasingly higher numbers demonstrating increasing cleaning efficiency. It was found possible to include 21~1 696 the surfactants of Comparative EAarnples 4 to 6 that exhibited cAL~ ,ely low spray arm efficiency values with the ~ r~cl~lts of Comparative E~camples 1 to 3, and to surprisingly demonstrate improved efficiency for the surfactant blends particularly when operating at a higher tenll~el~ture (~, 140~F.). Also, there was no significant efficiency loss and there was sometimes even an efficiency improvement at a lower operating temperature (~, 90~F.) An aqueous dishwashing composition is provided that efficiently can operate over a wider range of te",pel~tures with a high level of cleaning and defoaming ability that provides the consumer better results even if somewhat erratic te,,lpel~lules and/or protein soil are encountered within the dishwasher.
Although the invention has been described with pler~lled embodiments, it is to be understood that variations and modifications may be resorted to as will be appalellt to those skilled in the art. Such variations and modifications are to be considered within the purview and scope of the claims appended hereto.
Summary of the Invention It has been found that an improved machine dishwashing co~ ~s;Lion suitable for use in water at a le,npe,~ture of up to at least 140~F. in the absence of excessive foaming even in the presence of protein soil consists esse~ lly a~lo,~imately 1 to 10 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of a blend of nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii), wherein (i) is an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant having a molecular weight of approximately 500 to 2,000 and the structural formula:
R C--C--O C--C--O H, l l l l H H H H
-x Y
wherein R is an alkyl group of 6 to 18 carbon atoms, R~ is a methyl group or an ethyl group, x is at least 3, and y is at least 2, and (ii) is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a molecular weight of approximately 2,000 to 5,000 and the structural formula:
CH3 H IH IH - r CH3 HO--C HC--O IC IC--O C--C O--H
- ~ a - ~ b ~ ~ c wherein a + c equals at least 20, and b is at least 20; approximately 10 to 90 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of at least one builder detergent; and approximately 0.5 to 50 percent by weight based upon the -' 2~S1 69~
total weight of the composition of at least one cGIn~und cont~ining activ chlorine or available oxygen.
All weight ~,~;enl~ges e~l,ressed herein are based upon the total weight of nonaqueous co"~pollents present in the composition unless otherwise e,.~ssed.
Detailed D~s~ ion The m~chine dishwashing composition of the present invention includes a blend of two specifically defined nonionic surfactants th~t through empirical research has been found to yield surprisingly advantageous dishwashing results wherein there is an absence of excessive foaming even at elevated use le.,,ye~tures as discussed in detail hereafter.
The first nonionic surfactant (i) is an alcohol alkoxylate having a molecular weight of approximately 500 to 2,000 (preferably 1,200 to 1,600) and the structural formula A:
R - C--C--O C--C--O--H .
H H H H
-x Y
wherein R is an alkyl group of 6 to 18 (preferably 8 to 10) carbon atoms, R~ is a methyl group or an ethyl group, x is at least 3 (~, 3 to 12), and y is at least 2 (~, 2 to 18).
21~1 696 The alkyl groups R of nonionic surfactant (i) can be branched- or straight-ch~ined. Rel)~sen~tive examples of plefelltd alkyl groups include hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, and mixtures of these.
The recurring oxyethylene units in nonionic surfactant (i) de~ign~d by x are derived from ethylene oxide and impart hydrophilic moieties to the surfactant. The recurring units y are derived from propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide and impart hydrophobic moieties to the surfactant. In a preferred embodiment Rl is methyl and the recurring units y are derived exclusively from propylene oxide.
The nonionic surfactant (i) can be formed by known techniques wherein a monofunctional initiator (~, a monohydric alcohol, such as octyl alcohol and/or decyl alcohol) from which the R portion of the surfactant molecule is derived is first reacted with ethylene oxide and subsequently with propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide. The recurring units x and y commonly are selected so that the weight of the oxyethylene units x constitutes approximately 25 to 45 percent by weight based upon the total weight of nonionic surfactant (i). In a preferred embodiment the recurring units x and y are selected so that the weight of the oxyethylene units x constitutes approximately 30 percent by weight based upon the total weight of nonionic surfactant (i).
Nonionic surfactant (i) preferably exhibits a cloud point of no more than appro~imately 20~C. (ç~, approximately 10 to 20~C.). Such cloud point conveniently can be determined while observing a 1 weight percent aqueous solution of the surfactant in accordance with conventional procedures.
, 2IS1696 The second nonionic surfactant (ii) is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a molecular weight of approximately 2,000 to 5,000 (pr~rel~bly 3,000 to 4,000) and the structural formula B:
CH3 IH IH IH IH l H3 HO--C C--O C--C--O C C O H, H H H H H H
- ~ a - ~ b ~ ~ c wherein the outermost blocks of the surfactant structure are derived from propylene oxide and are hydrophobic in nature, and the central block is derived from ethylene oxide and is hydrophilic in nature. In the structural formula a + c equals at least 20 (ç~, 20 to 40, and preferably 25 to 36), and b is at least 20 (~,~, 20 to 35, and preferably 22 to 32). In the structural formula a and c individually commonly are at least 10. In a particularly preferred embodiment a and c are substantially e~qual. Also, in a pl~felled embodiment the units b derived from ethylene oxide of the nonionic surfactant (ii) are present in a concentration of approximately 30 to 50 (~, 40) percent by weight based upon the total weight of nonionic surfactant (ii).
The nonionic surfactant (ii) can be formed by conventional techniques, such as that described in commonly assigned U.S. Patent No. 2,674,619.
Ethylene oxide can be added to ethylene glycol to provide a hydrophile of the desired molecular weight, and propylene oxide can next be added to obtain hydrophobic blocks at each end of the nonionic surfactant molecule.
- ~lsl6~6 Nonionic surfactant (ii) preferably exhibits a cloud point of appro~imately 30 to 50~C. Such cloud point conveniently can be dete~ hled while observing a 1 weight percent aqueous solution of the surfactant in accordance with conventional procedures.
The machine dishwashing composition of the present invention commonly contains a weight concentration of nonionic surfactant (i) to nonionic surfactant (ii) in the blend of nonionic surfactants of approximately 3 to 5:1, and preferably approximately 4:1. During the l--all eting and shi~,--ent of the surfacPnt~, the surfactant blend conveniently can be provided as a concentrated aqueous solution wherein the nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii) are provided in a combined concentration of approximately 80 percent or more by weight. In a further embodiment the dishwashing composition conveniently can be marketed as a free-flowing granular product that includes nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii).
Alternatively, the surfactants can be individually obtained and combined with the other ingredients of the dishwashing composition when added to the machine dishwasher.
The dishwashing composition of the present invention commonly contains the blend of nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii) in a combined concentration of applo~cimately 1 to 10 percent by weight based upon the total weight of nonaqueous components, and preferably surfactants (i) and (ii) are present in a combined concentration of approximately 1 to 6 percent by weight based upon the total weight of nonaqueous components. When a phosphate builder detergent 21s1 696 is present in the co,l,posihon, a combined concenhation of nonionic ~ ra~ ts (i) and (ii) of approxim~t~ly 1 to 3 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the nonaqueous col"l)onellt~ commonly is utilized. When no phosphal~ builder detergent or a phosphate builder detel~ent is utilized in a low concentration, a combined concentration of nanionic surfactants (i) and (ii) of approximately 3 to 6 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the nonaqueous co,.lponents commonly is utili7ed.
The machine dishwashing composition of the present invention contains approximately 10 to 90 (~, 40 to 85) percent by weight of at least one builder detergent that increases the effectiveness of the composition by acting as a softener, sequestering, and/or buffering agent. Commonly one utilizes a combination of builder detergents, such as those commonly employed in the prior art. Representative builder detergents include phosphates, silicates, polyacrylic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, zeolites, starch derivatives, etc. Further examples of possible builder detergents for use in the machine dishwashing coll,position of the present invention include tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, mixtures of di- and trisodium orthophosphate, sodium metasilicate, sodium sequisilicate, borax, sodium borate, organic sequestering agents such as ethylene~ mine tetr~ et~s, water-soluble salts of citric acid, tetrasodium ethylene diamine tetr~ et~te, nitriloacetic acid, etc.
Additionally, the machine dishwashing composition of the present invention contains approximately 0.5 to 50 (e.~., 1 to 5) percent by weight of at 21 ~1 696 least one colnpound conl~inillg active chlorine or available oxygen. Such compound imparts germicidal and bleaching action to the coll"~sition.
Representative active-chlorine containing compounds include chlorinated trisodium phosphate, trichlorocyanuric acid, sodium trichloroisocyanurate, the sodium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid, the potassium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid, sodium hypochlorite, and 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. The arnount of active chlorine or available oxygen provided by each compound will vary as will be apparent to those skilled in the art and the concentration will be selected so as to provide sufficient germicidal bleaching activity. For instance, much higher amounts of active chlorine are provided by a given concentration of a salt of a chlorirlated cyanuric acid than by chlorinated trisodium phosphate.
Representative compounds for the supply of available oxygen include the conventional peroxygen bleaching compounds, such as sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, etc.
Other auxiliary conlpollents commonly utilized in dishwashing compositions may optionally also be included in the aqueous machine dishwashing co~position of the present invention so long as such ingredients do not interfere with the surprising benefits made possible by the blend of nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii) discussed herein. Such optional additional ingredients include fillers (~, sodium sulfate), colorants, fragrance-release agents, etc. In a preferred embodiment, a phosphate ester defoamer is absent in the dishwashing composition of the present invention.
_ 21S16~6 The m~chine dishwasher composition of the present invention commonly is contacted with food-soiled utensils during use when present in an aqueous solution in a concentration of about 0.1 to about 1.5 (ç~g" 0.2 to 1) percent by weight at an elevated water te,-,pelature.
The dishwashing composition of the present invention provides the user with good cleaning ability for soiled dishes over a broad range of operating conditions up to at least 140~F. For instance, satisfactory soil removal commonly is achieved at temperatures ranging from 80~F. up to at least 140~F.
Even if protein-containing soil, such as that derived from eggs and/or milk products is encountered in the dishwasher, excessive foaming does not occur when utili7ing the improved machine dishwashing composition of the present invention. Accordingly, excessive quantities of foam surprisingly are not generated even at elevated temperatures. If such excessive quantities of foam were present, they would inhibit the cleaning of dishes through the at least partial blockage of the action of the surfactant-containing stream of water that is directed by the dishwasher's spray arm or impeller to impact upon the exposed surfaces of the dishes that are intended to be washed. Also, effective foam control is maintained even at lower dishwashing temperatures. Additionally, no potentially harmful phosphate ester defoamers need be utilized in the machine dishwashing composition of the present invention.
The following Examples are presented as specific illustrations of the present invention. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the specific details set forth in the Examples. In the Examples and in 21S1 6g6 the Comy~ /e Examples dishes were washed in a standard Hobart UMP-4 commercial dishwasher while using various nonionic surfactants (identified hereafter) individually and when blended in accordance with the concept of the present invention. In some instances egg soil or milk soil was added. In each inst~nce, the nonionic surfactant or nonionic surfactant blend was provided in a concentration of 3 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the nonaqueous components of the dishwashing composition that was added to the water which circulated in the dishwasher during the wash cycle. Conventional builder salts in powder form were present in each instance (~, 44 percent by weight sodium tripolyphosphate, 20 percent by weight sodium carbonate, 20 percent by weight of sodium metasilicate), and a filler in powder form (~, 11.5 percent by weight sodium sulfate). Additionally, 1.5 percent by weight of sodium trichloroisocyanurate was present in each instance as an active chlorine-containing col~lpo~md.
In each Example and Comparative Example the machine cont~ining typical utensils (~" dishes, and flatware) was started and was allowed to fill partially with water, the machine was stopped, 20 grams of the dishwashing composition were added, and the machine was restarted and was allowed to fill completely. In some instances 15 grams of raw egg soil or 12 grams of milk soil also were added. The water telllpel~ture was provided at approximately 90~F.
or at appluximately 140~F. After the wash cycle was started, the spray arm rotation rate was measured and is exl,ressed hereafter as a percentage relative to the rotation rate measured in water only. The foaming characteristics of the dishwashing co"lposition were measured in each instance through an observation of the spray-arrn rotation rate. Such spray-arm rotation rate was inversely pr~olLional to the quantity of foarn generated in the dishwasher. Excess foam inlelreles with .satiqf~tQry dishwashing.
Comparative Example 1 An alcohol alkoxylate nonionic surfactant was utilized having a molecular weight of a~ro~imately 1,400 that corresponded to structural formula A
previously presented for a surfactant of this type wherein R was an alkyl group of 8 to 10 carbon atoms, R~ was a methyl group, "x" was approximately 10, and "y" was approximately 14. Such surfactant exhibited a cloud point of 19~C.
This composition was evaluated at 90~F. and 140~F.
Comparative Example 2 Exarnple 1 was repeated with the exception that an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant was utilized having a molecular weight of 600 that colr~ JQnded to structural formula A previously presented for a surfactant of this type wherein R
was an alkyl group of 10 to 14 carbon atoms, Rl was an ethyl group, "x" was approximately 5, and "y" was approximately 2. This composition was evaluated at 90~F. and 140~F.
~-- .
Comparative ~Y~mple 3 Exarnple 1 was repeated with the exception that an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant was utilized having a molecular weight of 1,800 that co.l~sponded to sll~l~;luldl formula A previously presented for a surfactant of this type wherein R
was an alkyl group of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, Rl was a methyl group, "x" was approximately 12, and "y" was approximately 18. This composition was evaluated at 90~F. and 140~F.
Comparati~e Example 4 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that a block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a molecular weight of approximately 3,000 was utilized that coll~sl)onded to structural formula B previously presented for a surfactant of this type wherein a + c was app,(,~imately 31, and b was approximately 27. Such surfactant exhibited a cloud point of 40~C. This composition was evaluated at 90~F.
Comparative Ex~h~ 5 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that a block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a molecular weight of approximately 3,200 was utilized that corresponded to structural formula B previously presented for a surfactant of this type wherein a + c was approximately 33, and b was approximately 29. Such surfactant exhibited a cloud point of 40~C. This composition was evaluated at 90~F.
~1~1696 Comparative E~ 6 ~ ;.Y~mple 1 was repeated with the exception that a block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene o~ide having a molecular weight of al?p~u~cimately 3,500 was utilized that co,l~sponded to structural formula B previously presented for a surfactant of this type wherein a + c was a~p.u~imately 36, and b was approximately 32. Such surfactant exhibited a cloud point of 31~C. This composition was evaluated at 90~F.
Example 7 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the surfactant was a blend of alcohol alkoxylate surfactant of Example 1 and the block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of Example 4. The weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant of Example 1 to that of Example 4 was 4:1.
Example 8 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the surfactant was a blend of alcohol alkoxylate surfactant of Example 1 and the block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of Example 5. The weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant of Example 1 to that of Example 5 was 4:1.
Example 9 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the surfactant was a blend of alcohol alkoxylate surfactant of Example l and the block copolymer nonionic su-f~ct~nt of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of Example 6. The weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant of Example 1 to that of Example 6 was 4:1.
Example 10 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the surfactant was a blend of alcohol alkoxylate surfactant of Example 2 and the block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of Example 6. The weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant of Example 2 to that of Example 6 was 4:1.
Example 11 Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the surfactant was a blend of alcohol alkoxylate surfactant of Example 3 and the block copolymer nonionic surfactant of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of Example 6. The weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant of Example 3 to that of Example 6 was 4:1.
The results observed in the foregoing Examples and Comparative Examples are reported in the TABLE hereafter.
~151 69~
TABLE
SPRAY ARM EFFICIENCY (Percent) Number Temperature No Soil ¦ Milk Soil ~ Egg Soil Co~ )~alive 90 98 91 78 Pl~mple 1 140 99 95 79 Comparative 90 98 91 79 Example 2 140 100 94 78 Comparative 90 96 89 76 Example 3 140 98 94 79 Comparative Example 4 90 61 51 45 Comparative Example 5 90 66 46 35 Comparative Example 6 90 70 69 54 Example 7 90 96 90 77 Example 8 90 97 89 79 Example 9 90 97 90 90 Example 10 90 97 95 82 Example 11 90 94 89 87 It will be noted that the nonionic surfactant blends of the present invention surprisingly exhibit improved plopelLies. A spray arm efficiency of at least 70 is required for satisfactory dishwashing efficiency with increasingly higher numbers demonstrating increasing cleaning efficiency. It was found possible to include 21~1 696 the surfactants of Comparative EAarnples 4 to 6 that exhibited cAL~ ,ely low spray arm efficiency values with the ~ r~cl~lts of Comparative E~camples 1 to 3, and to surprisingly demonstrate improved efficiency for the surfactant blends particularly when operating at a higher tenll~el~ture (~, 140~F.). Also, there was no significant efficiency loss and there was sometimes even an efficiency improvement at a lower operating temperature (~, 90~F.) An aqueous dishwashing composition is provided that efficiently can operate over a wider range of te",pel~tures with a high level of cleaning and defoaming ability that provides the consumer better results even if somewhat erratic te,,lpel~lules and/or protein soil are encountered within the dishwasher.
Although the invention has been described with pler~lled embodiments, it is to be understood that variations and modifications may be resorted to as will be appalellt to those skilled in the art. Such variations and modifications are to be considered within the purview and scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (22)
1. A solid machine dishwashing composition suitable for use in water at a temperature of up to at least 140°F in the absence of excessive foaming even in the presence of protein soil consisting essentially of:
- approximately 1 to 10 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of a blend of nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii), wherein (i) is an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant having a molecular weight of approximately 500 to 2,000 and the structural formula:
wherein R is an alkyl group of 6 to 18 carbon atoms, R1 is a methyl group or an ethyl group, x is at least 3, and y is at least 2, and (ii) is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a molecular weight of approximately 2,000 to 5,000 and the structural formula:
wherein a + c equals at least 20, and b is at least 20;
wherein the weight concentration of nonionic surfactant (i) to nonionic surfactant (ii) ranges from approximately 3 to 5 : 1;
- approximately 10 to 90 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of at least one builder detergent; and - approximately 0.5 to 50 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of at least one compound that impart germicidal and bleaching action containing active chlorine or available oxygen.
- approximately 1 to 10 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of a blend of nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii), wherein (i) is an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant having a molecular weight of approximately 500 to 2,000 and the structural formula:
wherein R is an alkyl group of 6 to 18 carbon atoms, R1 is a methyl group or an ethyl group, x is at least 3, and y is at least 2, and (ii) is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a molecular weight of approximately 2,000 to 5,000 and the structural formula:
wherein a + c equals at least 20, and b is at least 20;
wherein the weight concentration of nonionic surfactant (i) to nonionic surfactant (ii) ranges from approximately 3 to 5 : 1;
- approximately 10 to 90 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of at least one builder detergent; and - approximately 0.5 to 50 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of at least one compound that impart germicidal and bleaching action containing active chlorine or available oxygen.
2. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein R of said nonionic surfactant (i) is an alkyl group of 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
3. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein R1 of said nonionic surfactant (i) is a methyl group.
4. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein said nonionic surfactant (i) has a molecular weight of approximately 1,200 to 1,600.
5. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 4, wherein said nonionic surfactant (i) has a molecular weight of approximately 1,400.
6. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein said nonionic surfactant (i) exhibits a cloud point of no more than approximately 20°C.
7. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein x is 3 to 12, and y is 2 to 18 in said nonionic surfactant (i).
8. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein R is an alkyl group of approximately 8 to 10 carbon atoms, R1 is a methyl group, x is approximately 10 and y is approximately 14 in said nonionic surfactant (i), and the molecular weight is approximately 1,400.
9. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein nonionic surfactant (ii) has a molecular weight of approximately 3,000 to 4,000.
10. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein said nonionic surfactant (ii) has a molecular weight of approximately 3,200.
11. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein said nonionic surfactant (ii) exhibits a cloud point of approximately 30 to 50°C.
12. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein a + c is approximately 33, and b is approximately 29 in said nonionic surfactant (ii), and the molecular weight is approximately and 3,200.
13. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein a and c of said nonionic surfactant (ii) are substantially equal.
14. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein said units b derived from ethylene oxide of said nonionic surfactant (ii) are present in a concentration of approximately 30 to 50 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said nonionic surfactant (ii).
15. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein said units b derived from ethylene oxide of said nonionic surfactant (ii) are present in a concentration of approximately 40 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said nonionic surfactant (ii).
16. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight concentration of nonionic surfactant (i) to nonionic surfactant (ii) in said blend of nonionic surfactants is approximately 4 : 1.
17. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 1, that is free of a phosphate ester defoamer.
18. A solid dishwashing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein said at least one compound that imparts germicidal and bleaching action is selected from the group consisting of chlorinated trisodium phosphate, trichlorocyanuric acid sodium trichloro-isocyanurate, the sodium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid, the potassium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid, sodium hypochlorite, 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and a peroxygen bleaching compound.
19. A solid machine dishwashing composition suitable for use in water at a temperature of up to at least 140°F. in the absence of excessive foaming even in the presence of protein soil consisting essentially of:
- approximately 1 to 10 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of a blend of nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii), wherein (i) is an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant having a cloud point of approximately 10 to 20°C., and a molecular weight of approximately 1,400 and the structural formula:
wherein R is an alkyl group of 8 to 10 carbon atoms, x is approximately 10, and y is approximately 14, and (ii) is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a cloud point of approximately 30 to 50°C., and a molecular weight of approximately 3,200 and the structural formula:
wherein a + c equals approximately 33, and b is approximately 29, and wherein the weight concentration of nonionic surfactant (i) to nonionic surfactant (ii) in said blend of nonionic surfactants is approximately 4 : 1;
- approximately 10 to 90 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of at least one builder detergent: and - approximately 0.5 to 50 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of at least one compound that imparts germicidal and bleaching chlorine or available oxygen.
- approximately 1 to 10 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of a blend of nonionic surfactants (i) and (ii), wherein (i) is an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant having a cloud point of approximately 10 to 20°C., and a molecular weight of approximately 1,400 and the structural formula:
wherein R is an alkyl group of 8 to 10 carbon atoms, x is approximately 10, and y is approximately 14, and (ii) is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a cloud point of approximately 30 to 50°C., and a molecular weight of approximately 3,200 and the structural formula:
wherein a + c equals approximately 33, and b is approximately 29, and wherein the weight concentration of nonionic surfactant (i) to nonionic surfactant (ii) in said blend of nonionic surfactants is approximately 4 : 1;
- approximately 10 to 90 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of at least one builder detergent: and - approximately 0.5 to 50 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the composition of at least one compound that imparts germicidal and bleaching chlorine or available oxygen.
20. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 19 that is free of a phosphate ester defoamer.
21. A solid dishwashing composition according to claim 18, wherein said at least one compound that imparts germicidal and bleaching action is selected from the group consisting of chlorinated trisodium phosphate, trichlorocyanuric acid sodium trichloro-isocyanurate, the sodium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid, the potassium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid, sodium hypochlorite, 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and a peroxygen bleaching compound.
22. The process of washing food-soiled utensils in a machine dishwasher comprising contacting said utensils with an aqueous solution containing a concentration of about 0.1 to about 1.5 percent by weight of the composition of claim 1 at a washing temperature within the range of approximately 80°F. to approximately 140°F.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/261,145 US5518648A (en) | 1994-06-14 | 1994-06-14 | Solid dishwashing composition comprising a two-component blend of alkoxylated nonionic surfactants |
| US08/261,145 | 1994-06-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2151696A1 CA2151696A1 (en) | 1995-12-15 |
| CA2151696C true CA2151696C (en) | 1999-06-08 |
Family
ID=22992112
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002151696A Expired - Lifetime CA2151696C (en) | 1994-06-14 | 1995-06-13 | Dishwashing composition comprising a blend of nonionic surfactants |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5518648A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2151696C (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996023859A1 (en) * | 1995-02-02 | 1996-08-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Automatic dishwashing compositions comprising cobalt catalysts |
| ATE209245T1 (en) * | 1995-02-02 | 2001-12-15 | Procter & Gamble | METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF TEA STAINS IN DISHWASHERS HAVING COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING COBALT (III) CATALYST |
| AU4412697A (en) * | 1996-09-11 | 1998-04-02 | Procter & Gamble Company, The | Low foaming automatic dishwashing compositions |
| US5876514A (en) * | 1997-01-23 | 1999-03-02 | Ecolab Inc. | Warewashing system containing nonionic surfactant that performs both a cleaning and sheeting function and a method of warewashing |
| US5965509A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-10-12 | Basf Corporation | Aqueous based solvent free cleaner compositions containing a blend of polyoxyalkylene block copolymers and fatty alcohols oxyethylate moieties |
| US5958859A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-09-28 | Basf Corporation | Aqueous based solvent free cleaner compositions containing a blend of polyoxyalkylene block copolymers |
| US6133218A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 2000-10-17 | Basf Corporation | Aqueous based solvent free cleaner compositions containing two nonionic surfactants |
| US5977048A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-11-02 | Basf Corporation | Aqueous based solvent free cleaning degreaser compositions containing alcohol alkoxylates, polyoxyalkylene block copolymers, and fatty alcohols having oxyethylate moieties |
| US5880082A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-03-09 | Welch; Michael C. | Aqueous based solvent free cleaning compositions containing alcohol alkoxylates, alkoxylated fatty alcohols and fatty alcohols having oxyethylate moieties |
| US5958860A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-09-28 | Basf Corporation | Aqueous based solvent free cleaner compositions containing polyoxyalkylene block copolymer, alkyl phenol alkoxylates and fatty alcohols having oxyethylate moieties |
| DE19839054A1 (en) | 1998-08-28 | 2000-03-02 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Process for increasing the efficiency of surfactants with simultaneous suppression of lamellar mesophases and surfactants to which an additive is added |
| US6492317B1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2002-12-10 | Basf Corporation | High forming hard surface cleaning formulations |
| WO2005105260A1 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-11-10 | Champion Technologies, Inc. | Method of using a defoamer |
| US7608567B2 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2009-10-27 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Degradable surfactants and methods for use |
| US7677315B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2010-03-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Degradable surfactants and methods for use |
| US7662753B2 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2010-02-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Degradable surfactants and methods for use |
| WO2015030768A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Aqueous liquid compositions |
| PL3636691T3 (en) | 2015-10-07 | 2021-09-27 | Elementis Specialties, Inc. | Wetting and anti-foaming agent |
| CN106701351A (en) | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-24 | 艺康美国股份有限公司 | Low-foaming vessel cleaning agent and mixed cationic/nonionic surfactant system for enhancing removal of oil-containing dirt |
| USD815838S1 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2018-04-24 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Toothbrush |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2674619A (en) * | 1953-10-19 | 1954-04-06 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Polyoxyalkylene compounds |
| US4226736A (en) * | 1974-07-22 | 1980-10-07 | The Drackett Company | Dishwashing detergent gel composition |
| US4187190A (en) * | 1976-11-01 | 1980-02-05 | Desoto, Inc. | Low phosphate content dishwashing detergent |
| US4233171A (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1980-11-11 | Desoto, Inc. | Dishwashing detergent effective at low temperature |
| US4233172A (en) * | 1978-10-13 | 1980-11-11 | Desoto, Inc. | Low phosphate content dishwashing detergent |
| US4272394A (en) * | 1979-11-19 | 1981-06-09 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Machine dishwashing detergents containing low-foaming nonionic surfactants |
| US4306987A (en) * | 1979-11-19 | 1981-12-22 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Low-foaming nonionic surfactant for machine dishwashing detergent |
| US4411810A (en) * | 1981-11-06 | 1983-10-25 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Low-foaming nonionic surfactant for machine dishwashing detergent |
| US4438014A (en) * | 1982-02-16 | 1984-03-20 | Union Carbide Corporation | Nonionic surfactants for automatic dishwasher detergents |
-
1994
- 1994-06-14 US US08/261,145 patent/US5518648A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-06-13 CA CA002151696A patent/CA2151696C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5518648A (en) | 1996-05-21 |
| CA2151696A1 (en) | 1995-12-15 |
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