CA2135918C - Power line coupler modem device for communication over electrical lines - Google Patents
Power line coupler modem device for communication over electrical lines Download PDFInfo
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- CA2135918C CA2135918C CA002135918A CA2135918A CA2135918C CA 2135918 C CA2135918 C CA 2135918C CA 002135918 A CA002135918 A CA 002135918A CA 2135918 A CA2135918 A CA 2135918A CA 2135918 C CA2135918 C CA 2135918C
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 53
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
- H04L5/06—Channels characterised by the type of signal the signals being represented by different frequencies
- H04L5/08—Channels characterised by the type of signal the signals being represented by different frequencies each combination of signals in different channels being represented by a fixed frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
- H04B3/542—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines the information being in digital form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
- H04B3/56—Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
- H04B2203/5408—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines using protocols
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
- H04B2203/5416—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines by adding signals to the wave form of the power source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
- H04B2203/5425—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines improving S/N by matching impedance, noise reduction, gain control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5429—Applications for powerline communications
- H04B2203/5445—Local network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5429—Applications for powerline communications
- H04B2203/545—Audio/video application, e.g. interphone
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
- H04B2203/5466—Systems for power line communications using three phases conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
- H04B2203/5483—Systems for power line communications using coupling circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
- H04B2203/5491—Systems for power line communications using filtering and bypassing
Abstract
The present invention discloses an im-proved electrical communication apparatus which communicates high speed data/informa-tion over existing AC wiring (12), provides a phase linear environment for electrical trans-mission and reception of information on elec-trical wiring (12) and provides a means for si-multaneous transmission and reception of mul-tiple data/information streams (14, 22) via the use of dielectric core couplers (18). This inven-tion provides a means for linking 2 or more microprocessor based or electronic devices via conventional electric lines such as power lines, building wiring, twisted pair, coaxial cable or other wiring.
Description
.135918 ~C~53/04726 " : ... _ :: ."
IPE~vu~ 2 ~ AUG 1994 POWER DINE COUPLER MODEM DEVICE FOR
COMMUNICATION OVER ELECTRICAL LINES
Field of the Inveatioa The present invention relates to communication a~?paratus used to send and receive high speed data over electrical lines. More specifically, it provides a means for high speed data to be sent and received over conventional electrical wiring or other electrical lines already existing in a building or over preexisting power lines between b~iildings and structures.
Descrigtioa of the Prior Art Presently, there are a number of devices that allow diff~srent types of information to be sent over electrical lines. For example, there are intercom, stereos, switch control, and line carrier modem systems which readily plug into an electrical outlet and allow transfer of infozmation over conventional wiring to any other outlet in the same building.
The term conventional wiring includes wiring found in buildings, homes or other structures. Conventional wiring can be AC power lines, electrical wiring, coaxial, twisted pair, telephone, antenna, multibase or any other wiring that can carry electricity.
AMEt~iDED SHEET
z135s1 s Pc~l~s ~ i o ~+ 7 2 6 ~P~~~~ 2 9 A~G ?9~4 Intercom systems transfer a frequency modulated voice signal over an electrical AC line which is received at anotherpoint or socket on the electrical line and is demodulated back into its voice component;s. Sw tch control systems consist of a main switch central station plugged into an electrical outlet as well as multiple receiving stations plugged into other electrical outlets.
Each of the receiving stations may have a lamp or other appliance plugged into it. The main switch control station allows the user to press a selected button which swatches a selected appliance on or off at a receiving ;station. The information sent from the switch control station to the receiving station is generally a :Frequency modulated on top of the AC
voltage already present in the conventional electrical wiring. The frequency is received by the individual receiving stations. Each receiving station listens for a particular frequency which indicates whether to switch to the of f or on position. Here only the simplest of information is sent over the conventional wiring.
There are also line carrier modems. A
line carrier modem, such as one described in, Keith Nichols, "Build a~Pai:r of Line-Carrier Modems,"
Radio Electroni c, 87-91, (July 1988), is connected to a computer o:r personal computer and then plugged into an electrical outlet. Somewhere else on the same electrical line another computer is connected to one of the lane carrier modems and also plugged into an electrical outlet. Data can be communicated from one computer to another via the line carrier modems. Generally, such modems, take a single data AMENDED SHEET
~.,. .. "3/04726 ~u:~:~J i irtw~~ 2 9 A~JG ~99~
IPE~vu~ 2 ~ AUG 1994 POWER DINE COUPLER MODEM DEVICE FOR
COMMUNICATION OVER ELECTRICAL LINES
Field of the Inveatioa The present invention relates to communication a~?paratus used to send and receive high speed data over electrical lines. More specifically, it provides a means for high speed data to be sent and received over conventional electrical wiring or other electrical lines already existing in a building or over preexisting power lines between b~iildings and structures.
Descrigtioa of the Prior Art Presently, there are a number of devices that allow diff~srent types of information to be sent over electrical lines. For example, there are intercom, stereos, switch control, and line carrier modem systems which readily plug into an electrical outlet and allow transfer of infozmation over conventional wiring to any other outlet in the same building.
The term conventional wiring includes wiring found in buildings, homes or other structures. Conventional wiring can be AC power lines, electrical wiring, coaxial, twisted pair, telephone, antenna, multibase or any other wiring that can carry electricity.
AMEt~iDED SHEET
z135s1 s Pc~l~s ~ i o ~+ 7 2 6 ~P~~~~ 2 9 A~G ?9~4 Intercom systems transfer a frequency modulated voice signal over an electrical AC line which is received at anotherpoint or socket on the electrical line and is demodulated back into its voice component;s. Sw tch control systems consist of a main switch central station plugged into an electrical outlet as well as multiple receiving stations plugged into other electrical outlets.
Each of the receiving stations may have a lamp or other appliance plugged into it. The main switch control station allows the user to press a selected button which swatches a selected appliance on or off at a receiving ;station. The information sent from the switch control station to the receiving station is generally a :Frequency modulated on top of the AC
voltage already present in the conventional electrical wiring. The frequency is received by the individual receiving stations. Each receiving station listens for a particular frequency which indicates whether to switch to the of f or on position. Here only the simplest of information is sent over the conventional wiring.
There are also line carrier modems. A
line carrier modem, such as one described in, Keith Nichols, "Build a~Pai:r of Line-Carrier Modems,"
Radio Electroni c, 87-91, (July 1988), is connected to a computer o:r personal computer and then plugged into an electrical outlet. Somewhere else on the same electrical line another computer is connected to one of the lane carrier modems and also plugged into an electrical outlet. Data can be communicated from one computer to another via the line carrier modems. Generally, such modems, take a single data AMENDED SHEET
~.,. .. "3/04726 ~u:~:~J i irtw~~ 2 9 A~JG ~99~
stream from the computer, modulate the data stream, then place it on top of the AC voltage present in the conventional wall wiring. This signal is then received by a second line carrier modem and demodulated back into the original data stream so that the secon3 computer can receive the data from the first computer.
Existing line carrier modems are limited to a baud rate of 19.2 kbaud or less. This limitation is mainly due to the use of magnetic or iron core transformers in their design. These iron core transformers are used to couple the modulated data stream from the line carrier modem onto and off of the conventional wiring. These magnetic core couplers are not impedance matched to the electrical line characteristic impedance, and thus distort the modulated signal. This distortion limits the transmission a:nd reception baud rate to 19.2 kbaud.
Spread spectrw:n techniques are used in existing one carrier modems due to the problem encountered with standing waves. A standing wave occurs due to the mismatched impedance of the magnetic core couplers and the electrical line which causes a reactive coupling at carrier frequency. The standing wave will cause null points on the conventional wiring;
the effect of 'which will cancel the transmission at the null point. Existing transmission or receiving line carrier modems, with their iron core or magnetic core transformers, are inept at filtering out a majority of the 60Hz harmonics from a 60Hz 120 volt electrical line. Iron core or magnetic core transformers/c~ouplers are also phase non-linear, thus modulated signals sent along conventional . :: ~ SHEET
n . ~~135918 P_~3'; ~~ ~ 3 / 04 7 2 6 :.
....w.~~~.; ~ ~ AUG 1994 _ 4 _ wiring are of a different phase when received then as when transmits ed. This unpredictable phase shift, associated with the coupling of the modulated signal to the electrical line, severely limits the use of encoding digital data with phase shift keying techniques.
At present, local area networks (LANs) and networking systems, such as Ethernet, are the industry choice for connecting multiple computer stations together. These networks generally consist of multiple computer stations, a network server, and a hard wired bus and/or electrical lines connecting every computer :system. Each computer or station on the system has an address known by all the other computers or stations. For a first station to communicate with a second station it merely sends the address of t:he second station on the bus followed by pertinent data information. The information is received by a second station with the proper address. The second station may transmit data back to the' first: station using the same process.
LAN or Ethernet systems are expensive to install. One reason for the expense is the purchasing and .-'Lnstallation costs of wiring an office complex. Wiring often must be installed underneath the i:loors or through the walls in order to meet building codes. At a later date, the installation of more wiring may be required to expand the system.
~f~9ENDED SHEET
volt electrical line. Iron core o F~,T~tfs 9 3 / 04 7 2 b . ~~E~~uJ 2 9 A U G-1994 Local area networks and Ethernets transmit data over their communication lines at an extremely high rate of speed. This rate of speed can be up to and greater than 10 Mbaud on coaxial line and about 1 Mbaud over multiple twisted pair. At present, there is no available system that allows LAN or Ethernet expansion without hard wiring additional ' cabling throughout an office building. As mentioned earlier, existing line carrier modems can only transmit and receive data at about 19.2 kbaud. They are not useful for expanding Ethernet or LAN systems because linking a pre-existing LAN System to presently existing line carrier modems for expansion purposes will slow th.e entire network down or make the system inoperable.
~~ummas~r of the Inveation The invention includes communication apparatus which transmits and receives multiple modulated signals over an electrical line having a first station capable of receiving high speed data and converting the high speed data into multiple modulated signals for sending simultaneously over the electrical line to said second station. The second station is capable of simultaneously demodulating the multiple modulated signals and converting the signals back into high speed data;
and each of the stations incorporates dielectric core couplers for coupling the multiple modulated signals between. the electrical line and each station.
. _ _ ~hteT
~~ ~n'~ ~ 9 3 / 04 7 2 b e.
_ _ IPE~'U~ 2 J A U G 1994 In light of all the foregoing, it is a primary object of the present invention to transmit and receive data at baud rates greatly exceeding 19.2 kbaud over preexisting conventional wiring.
It is a further object of the present invention to transmit and receive data over conventional wining in a phase linear fashion such that phase shift: keying techniques can be used in sending and receiving digital data.
It is another object of the present invention to re:3istively match a Power Line Coupler Modem to the electrical wiring characteristic impedance at the' transmission frequency in order to eliminate standing waves. The elimination of standing waves will a:Llow the Power Line Coupler Modem to transmLt and receive without using spread spectrum modulat:ion/'demodulation techniques.
It is another object of the present invention to send arid receive multiple modulated signals at the saame tame over conventional wiring.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive means for installing and expanding LAN or networking systems such as Ethernel: or Token Ring, etc.
It is an additional object of the present invention to al:iow multiple computers or stations to communicate via pre-existing electrical lines found within a building.
;41~ENDED SHEET
n ,_ . - ~~4726 _ ; ~ . ~J
-. _ ~:~~~,.° ~~'!UG 1994 It is a further object of the present invention to al7.ow computer systems to communicate via pre-existing power lines between buildings such that work stations or computer systems in one building can concrmunicate with multiple work stations and/or computer systems in other buildings.
It is another object of the present invention to tr<~nsmi.t and receive clear audio or video analog si<~nals via conventional wiring in a phase linear manner.
D~acriptioa of the Drawiaas Figure 1 is a block diagram of basic Power Line Carrier Modem (P:LCM) of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of the PLCM
organized to handle serial inputs and outputs.
Figure 3 is a block diagram of the PLCM
incorporating quadrature phase shift keying in the modulation and demodulation stage.
Figure 4 is a block diagram of the PLCM
incorporating quadrature phase shift keying and capable of handling high speed serial inputs and outputs.
Figure 5 is a block diagram of the PLCM
configured to operate within a Local Area Network (LAN) system.
;~:~-:~D SHEET
i Figure 6 is a block diagram of the PLCM
configured to operate within an Ethernet.
Figure 7 depicts numerous computers, printers and various devices interconnected via the PLCM.
Figure 8 depicts the coupling transformer of a power line coupler of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention, a Power Line Coupler Modem (PLCM) provides a means for high speed data communication over conventional wiring.
The invention modulates multiple signals at different preselected modulation frequencies, then combines and sends the multiple modulated signals over conventional wiring. The multiple modulated signals are then received, separated and individually demodulated. Power Line Couplers, as described in U.S. Patent 5,559,377 issued to Charles Abraham on September 24, 1996, are used in the present invention to place and retrieve the multiple modulated signals onto and off of the conventional wiring. These couplers are phase linear at and close to their preselected frequencies and are capable of removing a majority of the AC harmonics associates with power line frequencies (60Hz) found on conventional wiring.
Furthermore, operation of the PLCM can reach speeds in excess of 1 Mbaud (with four to ten couplers) for 3 KM distances. It is emphasized that ;:~~ ~; ~~72~
r, "
..
_ g _ the transmission is in a parallel form rather than a serial form.
FigurE~ 1 depicts a basic Power Line Coupler Modem (I?LCM) :LO which consists of at least two Power Line couplers (C1 - Cn) 18 plus an equal number of modulators (M1 - Mn) 16 and demodulators (D1 - Dn) 20. Data, usually in the form of a digital bit strEaam, comes from a device capable of sending paralle:L digital data (not shown), such as a personal computer or microprocessor based device.
It should be noted that the data could be analog information such as voice, video, stereo, or other analog signals.
Data ~=nters the PLCM 10 via the parallel inputs 14. The data is modulated to a preselected modulation frequency :by its associated modulator (M1 Mn) 16. After each data stream is modulated at the modulators .it is passed to its associated coupler (C1 - C,n) or Power Line Carrier (PLC) 18.
Each coupler 18 is phase linear and resistively matched at or around the modulation (carrier) frequency to the characteristic impedance of the AC
power line 12 to which it is connected. Each coupler (C1 - C;n)~18 is connected to one another resulting in an addition of all the modulated data streams as they are connected to the conventional wiring or AC power line 12.
A second PLCM, shown in Figure 1, is identical to the first PLCM 10. The addition of all the modulated data streams enters the second PLCM 10 from the AC power line 12. The couplers of Figure 8 a: r F~~;'~='S 9 3 / 04 7 2 b ~PEAIUS ~ 9 ~ U ~ 199 - to -(C1 - Cn) 18 are impedance matched to the AC power line 12 and phase linear at the preselected filter frequencies. Each coupler filters the incoming signal and extracts a single preselected modulated data stream. The modulated data stream is sent from the couplers (C1 - Cn) 18 to an associated demodulator (D1 - Dn) 16. Each demodulator 16 removes the modulating carrier signal from the data leaving the data which was sent by the first PLCM.
This data is placed onto its associated parallel output lines. 'The output lines carry the data to an electronic device capable of receiving parallel digital data such as a computer, printer, or other electronic device.
This entire communication process can be repeated in the opposite direction. That is, the second PLCM can send data to the first PLCM via the AC power line 1:2. The generic data rate at which the parallel input 14 and output 22 lines are capable of oper~~ting at is in the range of 50 to 100 KSymbols/sec fo:r each line. The PLCM can be configured to h;~ndle any size parallel bus and the signals on the :bue can be anything from DC voltage levels to binary signals to multiple analog signals.
The maximum communication distance is calculated from the raw speed of each digital bit stream. Dividing the speed of an electron, 300,000 km/sec, by the apeed of the bit stream, 100 KSymbols/sec, w~s get 3 km/bit. Normally only a fraction of the 300,000 km/sec can be assumed for electron speed, thus the maximum communication distance will b~~ closer to 2 km.
AwfEtdDED SHEET
____~..___.
~... ~ ~ ~ 04 X26 _ _ ~PF'~U~ 2 9 A U G egg FigurE~ 2 depicts the basic PLCM 10 wherein the parallel inputs 14 are connected to a demultiplexer 2E~ and the parallel outputs are connected to a multiplexer 28. In this configuration the PLCM 10 can receive serial or parallel (herein "data stream") data stream on the input line 24 from a device capable of sending a data stream (nol~ shown). The demultiplexer 26 receives the data stream and converts it to parallel data for the parallel input lines. The PLCM then operates as described above. In short, each signal on the parallel input line is modulated, then coupled to the ~~C power line. The signal is then received by a second :PLCM wherein the modulated signals are cou~~led to the PLCM, separated, filtered, demodulated and sent out on the parallel output lines 22.
The p~~rallel output lines 22 are connected to a multiplexe:r which converts the parallel data back to its ori~3ina1 data stream. This data stream can be received by an electronic device designed to receive serial ~~r parallel data. For example, referring to Fi~~ure 7, PC1, a personal computer may have a data stream port through which it sends and receives data. PC1 may send data to PC2 through the AC power line byy first sending the data stream to a first PLCM which connects the data in a modulated fornlat onto the AC power line. A second PLCM then can receive the modulated data, change it back into its original data stream form and connect it PC2 which, in turn, receives the data. Each transmission is addressable to preselect the destination.
,,.. ~.~,' v ~.E~EET
v P~T/t,~S 93 / 04 T26 IPFA~~~ ~ 9 ~ U S 1994 Since the basic PLCM configuration is capable of hand7.ing a symbol rate of 80 Ksymbols/sec per each input or output parallel line, the addition of another para7.le1 line acts as a data speed multiplier increasing the baud rate and overall throughput of the PLCM. For example, if two modulators and demodulators are used in each PLCM, the overall throughput of the PLCM is 80 Ksymbols/sec x ~: = 160 KSymbols/sec. If eight modulators and demodulators are used in the PLCM, the overall throughput of the PLCM is 80 Ksymbols/sec pax-allel line x 4 parallel lines = 320 Kbaud.
Quadrature phase shift keying modulation techniques are illustrated in Figure 3. As explained herein, quadrature phase shifting can be used successfully in t:he novel PLCM to double the baud rate of each input or output parallel line in the PLCM.
Figure: 3 depicts a phase shifting PLCM 10a with parallel input lines 14 which carry digital data into the qu~adrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulator 34. The QPSK modulator assigns a 90, 180, 270 or 360 degree phase shift for each two bits of data and shifts the modulation frequency accordingly. For example, data bits "00" are assigned a 90 degree phase shift, "O1" are assigned 180, "10" are assigned 270 degrees and "11" assigned a 360 degree shift. This technique essentially packs the data in a 2:1 ratio. Thus, the speed of each parallel input line is increased by a factor of A~vEf~DED SHEET
_____ ___._ti~~_u.._ _ ..~~.
yr~,~' ~~'~U'~T2~
N
~PEr~U~; ~ ~ ~;1~~ ~~
two over the general modulation technique described in the basic PI~CM.
The ~~hifted modulation signal is coupled to the AC power line 12 by the PLCs 18. As with the basic PLCM all parallel shifted modulation signals are added together into a conglomerate modulation signal and sent. over the AC power line to a second PLCM 10a. The second PLCM 10a (not shown) located at another point on the AC power line 12 receives the conglomerate modulation signal and separates and filters each distinct signal at the couplers 18.
Since the PLCs 18 are phase linear due to the use of airc:ore transformers and impedance matched to the AC power line at the modulation frequency, the encoded phase shifts are undisturbed when passing through them. Each shifted modulation signal proceeds to the phase lock loop (PLL) circuit 36. The PLL 3E. assures the specific predetermined frequency and t~andwidth are locked onto and do not drift prior to insertion into the QPSK demodulator 34. A possible bandwidth for the PLL is 50 KHz.
Other frequenc~~ locking circuits can be used here as well.
At the QPSK demodulator the phase shifts in the modulated signals are demodulated (decoded) back into their original digital form. A 90 degree phase shift is demodulated into a "00", a 180 degree phase shift to a "O1", and so forth. The data stream is then sent out on the associated parallel output data line. The data error rate of a communication apparatus having stations utilizing '~t~ttT
2135918 .
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t i~~ ~,.'~. ~ c f L' V W
quadrature pha~~e shift keying techniques is less than 10-9.
Figure 4, similar to Figure 2, depicts how multiplexer and demul.tiplexer circuits can increase the baud rate of the phase shifting PLC~i 10a to that of a high speed data stream input or output line.
The multiplexes receives input data on the data stream input line, then converts the data to multiplexed parallel data and connects the data to the parallel input lines. The data rate on each input parallel line is equal to the speed of the input data stream divided by the total number of parallel. input lines. The more parallel input data lines the greater the speed of the data stream input lines that can be catered to by the PLCM. Using QPSK modulation, each parallel input and output parallel data line operates at baud rates of about 160 kbaud. Therefore, if eight input and output data lines are used, the overall throughput of the PLUM using quadrature phase shift keying is 160 Kbaud multiplied by four, totaling 640 Kbaud. The use of more than eight input and output data lines can increase the baud rate dramatically.
If an eight: state phase shift modulator (octaphase shift key modulator) (OPSKM) is used instead of a c~;~adrature phase shift modulator (four state modulator), then every three bits of data are assigned to each forty-five degree shift in phase.
For example, "000" is assigned a 45 degree phase shift, "001" i~; assigned a 90 degree phase shift, "010" is assigned 135 degrees, "011" gets 180 degrees, "100" gets 225, "101" gets 270, "110" gets Ar~,ENDED SHEET
n .2135918 -IPE~Iv~ 3 , ; ~~ ~ 7 2 6 c ~ ~ 2 ~ H a ~ ~99~
315, and "111" gets a 360 degree phase shift assigned to it. This technique packs the data in a 3:1 ratio. Thus, the speed of each parallel input line is increased by a factor of 3 over the general input line. Using OPSK modulation and eight parallel input lines, each input line throughput will be approximately 80 Ksymbols/sec x 4 equaling 320 KSymbals/sec. Multiplying by eight lines the total throughput of a PLCM using OPSK modulation is about 2.5 MSymbols/ sec.
The d.emultiplexer circuitry 26 operates the same way as described for figure 2. The -parallel output lines 22, in figure 4, carry the digital data from the QPSK modulators 34 to the multiplexer where it is multiplexed from parallel to data stream data and sent out on the data screen output line 30.
For example, a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip can be used, using the ATT DSP 32C in which the digital bandpass filter, the PLL and the OPSK MOD/DEMOD can be programmed. The Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection will be handled in the PLC inodem. Logical separation of LAN
traffic (addressability) may be used as well as the Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Data Compression, all of which are controlled by the CPU.
Obviously, the best carrier frequencies which can be chosen between the main harmonics of the 60 Hz, are every 30 KHz in the spectrum. In that case, the 1:1 received inband noise (threshold) is only around 5-15 mV peak to peak. Thus, ten ~ - , ;'-,t y ;NEST
r~:;.~~~ 93 ~ 04 ?26 IPE'~i~ 2 9 A ~' ~ 199 - 16 - "I
channels can be~ used at the following carrier frequencies: F1=165 KHz, F2=195 KHz, F3=225 KHz, F4=255 KHz, F5=285 KHz, F6=315 KHz, F7=345 KHz, F8=375 KHz, F9=.405 KHz, F10=435 KHz using about 24 KHz bandwidth for each channel and OPSK.
Similarly, about 33.3.3 KSymbols/sec per channels and lNmaud final speed can be reached. The usage of more channels will bring up the price of the modem and since the a,trong 60Hz harmonics are only every 60 KHz in the a~pectrum, therefore only four channels are recommendef~ at tree following carrier frequencies, while the noise threshold remains about the same as above: ~'1=210 KHz, F2=270 KHz, F3=330 KHz, F4=390 KHz~, using about 50-54KHZ bandwidth for each channels a.nd OPSK. Similarly, about 83.33 Ksymbols/sec peer channels and 1 Nmaud final speed can be reached. It i.s also possible to add a fifth channel at 150R:Hz. I:n Europe, the Power Line carrier frequency rules are different. They do not allow higher than 100RHz frequency transmission, therefore four channels are recommended at the following carrier frequencies: F1=56KHz, F2=69KHz, F3=82KHz, F4=95RHz using about 9KHz bandwidth for each channel and OPSK. The maximum final speed can be about 200Kba.ud. Since they have 50Hz power, the strong harmonica appear at every 25KHz in the spectrum, and the threshold is around 15-40mV peak to peak.
Figure 5 and Figure 6 depict examples of how the PLCM arid modulator/demodulator circuits can be used in coe~:istence with network controllers used in a Local Area. Network (LAN) system, (Figure 5), or other networking system, (Figure 6). This is an AiV!cNCED SHEET
Inexpensive technique for creating or expanding a LAN or Ethernet System because no additional wiring must be added to interconnect the system. Other network controllers such as Starlan, Token Ring, etc. can also be used. Also, the use of various types of network software, such as Novell, can be implemented.
Power Line Couplers (PLC's), as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,559,377 issued to Charles Abraham on September 24, 1996, are part of the present invention's embodiment because of their linear phase shifting qualities. PLC's allow signal information to be placed on conventional electrical wiring and retrieved, noise free, at another position. PLC's allow communication over existing electrical power AC wiring found in buildings.
PLC's also allow for communication over long distance through power lines outside buildings.
Such a configuration on outside wiring will allow efficient data communication from building to building without the installation of new cabling.
With a PLCM, which incorporates a PLC, existing electrical wiring in any form can become a means for transmitting and receiving communications at rates of speed that can exceed 1 Mbaud.
Figure 7 depicts a possible configuration for data communication between multiple microprocessor based and electrical/electronic equipment. Any personal computer (PC), printer, or other device can be connected to a PLCM 10, 10a.
The PLCM, plugged into a standard wall socket, will allow the device to transmit and/or receive ~'JT r'v~ ~3 ~ 4~ 72 6 ~~E~~~~ ~ 9 A l~ G 1994 communication information over the electrical wiring of the building 12.
Note that if multiple phases are present (phase A, B, & C) and devices which must communicate via a PLCM are connected to separate phases, then a simple circuit 70 can be used to link the phases together.
While particular embodiments of the present invention are: disclosed herein, it is not intended to limit the invention to such disclosure, and changes and modifications may be incorporated and embodied within the scope of the following claims.
AMENDED SHEET
Existing line carrier modems are limited to a baud rate of 19.2 kbaud or less. This limitation is mainly due to the use of magnetic or iron core transformers in their design. These iron core transformers are used to couple the modulated data stream from the line carrier modem onto and off of the conventional wiring. These magnetic core couplers are not impedance matched to the electrical line characteristic impedance, and thus distort the modulated signal. This distortion limits the transmission a:nd reception baud rate to 19.2 kbaud.
Spread spectrw:n techniques are used in existing one carrier modems due to the problem encountered with standing waves. A standing wave occurs due to the mismatched impedance of the magnetic core couplers and the electrical line which causes a reactive coupling at carrier frequency. The standing wave will cause null points on the conventional wiring;
the effect of 'which will cancel the transmission at the null point. Existing transmission or receiving line carrier modems, with their iron core or magnetic core transformers, are inept at filtering out a majority of the 60Hz harmonics from a 60Hz 120 volt electrical line. Iron core or magnetic core transformers/c~ouplers are also phase non-linear, thus modulated signals sent along conventional . :: ~ SHEET
n . ~~135918 P_~3'; ~~ ~ 3 / 04 7 2 6 :.
....w.~~~.; ~ ~ AUG 1994 _ 4 _ wiring are of a different phase when received then as when transmits ed. This unpredictable phase shift, associated with the coupling of the modulated signal to the electrical line, severely limits the use of encoding digital data with phase shift keying techniques.
At present, local area networks (LANs) and networking systems, such as Ethernet, are the industry choice for connecting multiple computer stations together. These networks generally consist of multiple computer stations, a network server, and a hard wired bus and/or electrical lines connecting every computer :system. Each computer or station on the system has an address known by all the other computers or stations. For a first station to communicate with a second station it merely sends the address of t:he second station on the bus followed by pertinent data information. The information is received by a second station with the proper address. The second station may transmit data back to the' first: station using the same process.
LAN or Ethernet systems are expensive to install. One reason for the expense is the purchasing and .-'Lnstallation costs of wiring an office complex. Wiring often must be installed underneath the i:loors or through the walls in order to meet building codes. At a later date, the installation of more wiring may be required to expand the system.
~f~9ENDED SHEET
volt electrical line. Iron core o F~,T~tfs 9 3 / 04 7 2 b . ~~E~~uJ 2 9 A U G-1994 Local area networks and Ethernets transmit data over their communication lines at an extremely high rate of speed. This rate of speed can be up to and greater than 10 Mbaud on coaxial line and about 1 Mbaud over multiple twisted pair. At present, there is no available system that allows LAN or Ethernet expansion without hard wiring additional ' cabling throughout an office building. As mentioned earlier, existing line carrier modems can only transmit and receive data at about 19.2 kbaud. They are not useful for expanding Ethernet or LAN systems because linking a pre-existing LAN System to presently existing line carrier modems for expansion purposes will slow th.e entire network down or make the system inoperable.
~~ummas~r of the Inveation The invention includes communication apparatus which transmits and receives multiple modulated signals over an electrical line having a first station capable of receiving high speed data and converting the high speed data into multiple modulated signals for sending simultaneously over the electrical line to said second station. The second station is capable of simultaneously demodulating the multiple modulated signals and converting the signals back into high speed data;
and each of the stations incorporates dielectric core couplers for coupling the multiple modulated signals between. the electrical line and each station.
. _ _ ~hteT
~~ ~n'~ ~ 9 3 / 04 7 2 b e.
_ _ IPE~'U~ 2 J A U G 1994 In light of all the foregoing, it is a primary object of the present invention to transmit and receive data at baud rates greatly exceeding 19.2 kbaud over preexisting conventional wiring.
It is a further object of the present invention to transmit and receive data over conventional wining in a phase linear fashion such that phase shift: keying techniques can be used in sending and receiving digital data.
It is another object of the present invention to re:3istively match a Power Line Coupler Modem to the electrical wiring characteristic impedance at the' transmission frequency in order to eliminate standing waves. The elimination of standing waves will a:Llow the Power Line Coupler Modem to transmLt and receive without using spread spectrum modulat:ion/'demodulation techniques.
It is another object of the present invention to send arid receive multiple modulated signals at the saame tame over conventional wiring.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive means for installing and expanding LAN or networking systems such as Ethernel: or Token Ring, etc.
It is an additional object of the present invention to al:iow multiple computers or stations to communicate via pre-existing electrical lines found within a building.
;41~ENDED SHEET
n ,_ . - ~~4726 _ ; ~ . ~J
-. _ ~:~~~,.° ~~'!UG 1994 It is a further object of the present invention to al7.ow computer systems to communicate via pre-existing power lines between buildings such that work stations or computer systems in one building can concrmunicate with multiple work stations and/or computer systems in other buildings.
It is another object of the present invention to tr<~nsmi.t and receive clear audio or video analog si<~nals via conventional wiring in a phase linear manner.
D~acriptioa of the Drawiaas Figure 1 is a block diagram of basic Power Line Carrier Modem (P:LCM) of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of the PLCM
organized to handle serial inputs and outputs.
Figure 3 is a block diagram of the PLCM
incorporating quadrature phase shift keying in the modulation and demodulation stage.
Figure 4 is a block diagram of the PLCM
incorporating quadrature phase shift keying and capable of handling high speed serial inputs and outputs.
Figure 5 is a block diagram of the PLCM
configured to operate within a Local Area Network (LAN) system.
;~:~-:~D SHEET
i Figure 6 is a block diagram of the PLCM
configured to operate within an Ethernet.
Figure 7 depicts numerous computers, printers and various devices interconnected via the PLCM.
Figure 8 depicts the coupling transformer of a power line coupler of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention, a Power Line Coupler Modem (PLCM) provides a means for high speed data communication over conventional wiring.
The invention modulates multiple signals at different preselected modulation frequencies, then combines and sends the multiple modulated signals over conventional wiring. The multiple modulated signals are then received, separated and individually demodulated. Power Line Couplers, as described in U.S. Patent 5,559,377 issued to Charles Abraham on September 24, 1996, are used in the present invention to place and retrieve the multiple modulated signals onto and off of the conventional wiring. These couplers are phase linear at and close to their preselected frequencies and are capable of removing a majority of the AC harmonics associates with power line frequencies (60Hz) found on conventional wiring.
Furthermore, operation of the PLCM can reach speeds in excess of 1 Mbaud (with four to ten couplers) for 3 KM distances. It is emphasized that ;:~~ ~; ~~72~
r, "
..
_ g _ the transmission is in a parallel form rather than a serial form.
FigurE~ 1 depicts a basic Power Line Coupler Modem (I?LCM) :LO which consists of at least two Power Line couplers (C1 - Cn) 18 plus an equal number of modulators (M1 - Mn) 16 and demodulators (D1 - Dn) 20. Data, usually in the form of a digital bit strEaam, comes from a device capable of sending paralle:L digital data (not shown), such as a personal computer or microprocessor based device.
It should be noted that the data could be analog information such as voice, video, stereo, or other analog signals.
Data ~=nters the PLCM 10 via the parallel inputs 14. The data is modulated to a preselected modulation frequency :by its associated modulator (M1 Mn) 16. After each data stream is modulated at the modulators .it is passed to its associated coupler (C1 - C,n) or Power Line Carrier (PLC) 18.
Each coupler 18 is phase linear and resistively matched at or around the modulation (carrier) frequency to the characteristic impedance of the AC
power line 12 to which it is connected. Each coupler (C1 - C;n)~18 is connected to one another resulting in an addition of all the modulated data streams as they are connected to the conventional wiring or AC power line 12.
A second PLCM, shown in Figure 1, is identical to the first PLCM 10. The addition of all the modulated data streams enters the second PLCM 10 from the AC power line 12. The couplers of Figure 8 a: r F~~;'~='S 9 3 / 04 7 2 b ~PEAIUS ~ 9 ~ U ~ 199 - to -(C1 - Cn) 18 are impedance matched to the AC power line 12 and phase linear at the preselected filter frequencies. Each coupler filters the incoming signal and extracts a single preselected modulated data stream. The modulated data stream is sent from the couplers (C1 - Cn) 18 to an associated demodulator (D1 - Dn) 16. Each demodulator 16 removes the modulating carrier signal from the data leaving the data which was sent by the first PLCM.
This data is placed onto its associated parallel output lines. 'The output lines carry the data to an electronic device capable of receiving parallel digital data such as a computer, printer, or other electronic device.
This entire communication process can be repeated in the opposite direction. That is, the second PLCM can send data to the first PLCM via the AC power line 1:2. The generic data rate at which the parallel input 14 and output 22 lines are capable of oper~~ting at is in the range of 50 to 100 KSymbols/sec fo:r each line. The PLCM can be configured to h;~ndle any size parallel bus and the signals on the :bue can be anything from DC voltage levels to binary signals to multiple analog signals.
The maximum communication distance is calculated from the raw speed of each digital bit stream. Dividing the speed of an electron, 300,000 km/sec, by the apeed of the bit stream, 100 KSymbols/sec, w~s get 3 km/bit. Normally only a fraction of the 300,000 km/sec can be assumed for electron speed, thus the maximum communication distance will b~~ closer to 2 km.
AwfEtdDED SHEET
____~..___.
~... ~ ~ ~ 04 X26 _ _ ~PF'~U~ 2 9 A U G egg FigurE~ 2 depicts the basic PLCM 10 wherein the parallel inputs 14 are connected to a demultiplexer 2E~ and the parallel outputs are connected to a multiplexer 28. In this configuration the PLCM 10 can receive serial or parallel (herein "data stream") data stream on the input line 24 from a device capable of sending a data stream (nol~ shown). The demultiplexer 26 receives the data stream and converts it to parallel data for the parallel input lines. The PLCM then operates as described above. In short, each signal on the parallel input line is modulated, then coupled to the ~~C power line. The signal is then received by a second :PLCM wherein the modulated signals are cou~~led to the PLCM, separated, filtered, demodulated and sent out on the parallel output lines 22.
The p~~rallel output lines 22 are connected to a multiplexe:r which converts the parallel data back to its ori~3ina1 data stream. This data stream can be received by an electronic device designed to receive serial ~~r parallel data. For example, referring to Fi~~ure 7, PC1, a personal computer may have a data stream port through which it sends and receives data. PC1 may send data to PC2 through the AC power line byy first sending the data stream to a first PLCM which connects the data in a modulated fornlat onto the AC power line. A second PLCM then can receive the modulated data, change it back into its original data stream form and connect it PC2 which, in turn, receives the data. Each transmission is addressable to preselect the destination.
,,.. ~.~,' v ~.E~EET
v P~T/t,~S 93 / 04 T26 IPFA~~~ ~ 9 ~ U S 1994 Since the basic PLCM configuration is capable of hand7.ing a symbol rate of 80 Ksymbols/sec per each input or output parallel line, the addition of another para7.le1 line acts as a data speed multiplier increasing the baud rate and overall throughput of the PLCM. For example, if two modulators and demodulators are used in each PLCM, the overall throughput of the PLCM is 80 Ksymbols/sec x ~: = 160 KSymbols/sec. If eight modulators and demodulators are used in the PLCM, the overall throughput of the PLCM is 80 Ksymbols/sec pax-allel line x 4 parallel lines = 320 Kbaud.
Quadrature phase shift keying modulation techniques are illustrated in Figure 3. As explained herein, quadrature phase shifting can be used successfully in t:he novel PLCM to double the baud rate of each input or output parallel line in the PLCM.
Figure: 3 depicts a phase shifting PLCM 10a with parallel input lines 14 which carry digital data into the qu~adrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulator 34. The QPSK modulator assigns a 90, 180, 270 or 360 degree phase shift for each two bits of data and shifts the modulation frequency accordingly. For example, data bits "00" are assigned a 90 degree phase shift, "O1" are assigned 180, "10" are assigned 270 degrees and "11" assigned a 360 degree shift. This technique essentially packs the data in a 2:1 ratio. Thus, the speed of each parallel input line is increased by a factor of A~vEf~DED SHEET
_____ ___._ti~~_u.._ _ ..~~.
yr~,~' ~~'~U'~T2~
N
~PEr~U~; ~ ~ ~;1~~ ~~
two over the general modulation technique described in the basic PI~CM.
The ~~hifted modulation signal is coupled to the AC power line 12 by the PLCs 18. As with the basic PLCM all parallel shifted modulation signals are added together into a conglomerate modulation signal and sent. over the AC power line to a second PLCM 10a. The second PLCM 10a (not shown) located at another point on the AC power line 12 receives the conglomerate modulation signal and separates and filters each distinct signal at the couplers 18.
Since the PLCs 18 are phase linear due to the use of airc:ore transformers and impedance matched to the AC power line at the modulation frequency, the encoded phase shifts are undisturbed when passing through them. Each shifted modulation signal proceeds to the phase lock loop (PLL) circuit 36. The PLL 3E. assures the specific predetermined frequency and t~andwidth are locked onto and do not drift prior to insertion into the QPSK demodulator 34. A possible bandwidth for the PLL is 50 KHz.
Other frequenc~~ locking circuits can be used here as well.
At the QPSK demodulator the phase shifts in the modulated signals are demodulated (decoded) back into their original digital form. A 90 degree phase shift is demodulated into a "00", a 180 degree phase shift to a "O1", and so forth. The data stream is then sent out on the associated parallel output data line. The data error rate of a communication apparatus having stations utilizing '~t~ttT
2135918 .
~~ J J
~~~~'' w~ 3 / 04 7 2 ~
t i~~ ~,.'~. ~ c f L' V W
quadrature pha~~e shift keying techniques is less than 10-9.
Figure 4, similar to Figure 2, depicts how multiplexer and demul.tiplexer circuits can increase the baud rate of the phase shifting PLC~i 10a to that of a high speed data stream input or output line.
The multiplexes receives input data on the data stream input line, then converts the data to multiplexed parallel data and connects the data to the parallel input lines. The data rate on each input parallel line is equal to the speed of the input data stream divided by the total number of parallel. input lines. The more parallel input data lines the greater the speed of the data stream input lines that can be catered to by the PLCM. Using QPSK modulation, each parallel input and output parallel data line operates at baud rates of about 160 kbaud. Therefore, if eight input and output data lines are used, the overall throughput of the PLUM using quadrature phase shift keying is 160 Kbaud multiplied by four, totaling 640 Kbaud. The use of more than eight input and output data lines can increase the baud rate dramatically.
If an eight: state phase shift modulator (octaphase shift key modulator) (OPSKM) is used instead of a c~;~adrature phase shift modulator (four state modulator), then every three bits of data are assigned to each forty-five degree shift in phase.
For example, "000" is assigned a 45 degree phase shift, "001" i~; assigned a 90 degree phase shift, "010" is assigned 135 degrees, "011" gets 180 degrees, "100" gets 225, "101" gets 270, "110" gets Ar~,ENDED SHEET
n .2135918 -IPE~Iv~ 3 , ; ~~ ~ 7 2 6 c ~ ~ 2 ~ H a ~ ~99~
315, and "111" gets a 360 degree phase shift assigned to it. This technique packs the data in a 3:1 ratio. Thus, the speed of each parallel input line is increased by a factor of 3 over the general input line. Using OPSK modulation and eight parallel input lines, each input line throughput will be approximately 80 Ksymbols/sec x 4 equaling 320 KSymbals/sec. Multiplying by eight lines the total throughput of a PLCM using OPSK modulation is about 2.5 MSymbols/ sec.
The d.emultiplexer circuitry 26 operates the same way as described for figure 2. The -parallel output lines 22, in figure 4, carry the digital data from the QPSK modulators 34 to the multiplexer where it is multiplexed from parallel to data stream data and sent out on the data screen output line 30.
For example, a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip can be used, using the ATT DSP 32C in which the digital bandpass filter, the PLL and the OPSK MOD/DEMOD can be programmed. The Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection will be handled in the PLC inodem. Logical separation of LAN
traffic (addressability) may be used as well as the Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Data Compression, all of which are controlled by the CPU.
Obviously, the best carrier frequencies which can be chosen between the main harmonics of the 60 Hz, are every 30 KHz in the spectrum. In that case, the 1:1 received inband noise (threshold) is only around 5-15 mV peak to peak. Thus, ten ~ - , ;'-,t y ;NEST
r~:;.~~~ 93 ~ 04 ?26 IPE'~i~ 2 9 A ~' ~ 199 - 16 - "I
channels can be~ used at the following carrier frequencies: F1=165 KHz, F2=195 KHz, F3=225 KHz, F4=255 KHz, F5=285 KHz, F6=315 KHz, F7=345 KHz, F8=375 KHz, F9=.405 KHz, F10=435 KHz using about 24 KHz bandwidth for each channel and OPSK.
Similarly, about 33.3.3 KSymbols/sec per channels and lNmaud final speed can be reached. The usage of more channels will bring up the price of the modem and since the a,trong 60Hz harmonics are only every 60 KHz in the a~pectrum, therefore only four channels are recommendef~ at tree following carrier frequencies, while the noise threshold remains about the same as above: ~'1=210 KHz, F2=270 KHz, F3=330 KHz, F4=390 KHz~, using about 50-54KHZ bandwidth for each channels a.nd OPSK. Similarly, about 83.33 Ksymbols/sec peer channels and 1 Nmaud final speed can be reached. It i.s also possible to add a fifth channel at 150R:Hz. I:n Europe, the Power Line carrier frequency rules are different. They do not allow higher than 100RHz frequency transmission, therefore four channels are recommended at the following carrier frequencies: F1=56KHz, F2=69KHz, F3=82KHz, F4=95RHz using about 9KHz bandwidth for each channel and OPSK. The maximum final speed can be about 200Kba.ud. Since they have 50Hz power, the strong harmonica appear at every 25KHz in the spectrum, and the threshold is around 15-40mV peak to peak.
Figure 5 and Figure 6 depict examples of how the PLCM arid modulator/demodulator circuits can be used in coe~:istence with network controllers used in a Local Area. Network (LAN) system, (Figure 5), or other networking system, (Figure 6). This is an AiV!cNCED SHEET
Inexpensive technique for creating or expanding a LAN or Ethernet System because no additional wiring must be added to interconnect the system. Other network controllers such as Starlan, Token Ring, etc. can also be used. Also, the use of various types of network software, such as Novell, can be implemented.
Power Line Couplers (PLC's), as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,559,377 issued to Charles Abraham on September 24, 1996, are part of the present invention's embodiment because of their linear phase shifting qualities. PLC's allow signal information to be placed on conventional electrical wiring and retrieved, noise free, at another position. PLC's allow communication over existing electrical power AC wiring found in buildings.
PLC's also allow for communication over long distance through power lines outside buildings.
Such a configuration on outside wiring will allow efficient data communication from building to building without the installation of new cabling.
With a PLCM, which incorporates a PLC, existing electrical wiring in any form can become a means for transmitting and receiving communications at rates of speed that can exceed 1 Mbaud.
Figure 7 depicts a possible configuration for data communication between multiple microprocessor based and electrical/electronic equipment. Any personal computer (PC), printer, or other device can be connected to a PLCM 10, 10a.
The PLCM, plugged into a standard wall socket, will allow the device to transmit and/or receive ~'JT r'v~ ~3 ~ 4~ 72 6 ~~E~~~~ ~ 9 A l~ G 1994 communication information over the electrical wiring of the building 12.
Note that if multiple phases are present (phase A, B, & C) and devices which must communicate via a PLCM are connected to separate phases, then a simple circuit 70 can be used to link the phases together.
While particular embodiments of the present invention are: disclosed herein, it is not intended to limit the invention to such disclosure, and changes and modifications may be incorporated and embodied within the scope of the following claims.
AMENDED SHEET
Claims (31)
1. A communication apparatus which transmits and receives multiple modulated signals over an electrical line which comprises:
a first station and a second station;
said first station capable of receiving high speed data and converting the high speed data into multiple modulated signals for sending simultaneously over the electrical line to said second station, said second station being capable of simultaneously demodulating the multiple modulated signals and converting the signals back into high speed data; and each said station incorporating dielectric core couplers for coupling the multiple modulated signals between the electrical line and each station.
a first station and a second station;
said first station capable of receiving high speed data and converting the high speed data into multiple modulated signals for sending simultaneously over the electrical line to said second station, said second station being capable of simultaneously demodulating the multiple modulated signals and converting the signals back into high speed data; and each said station incorporating dielectric core couplers for coupling the multiple modulated signals between the electrical line and each station.
2. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the dielectric-core couplers couple the multiple modulated signals between the electrical line and each station in a phase linear manner.
3. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the electrical line is any conventional wiring.
4. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the multiple modulated signal sent over the electrical line can be sent for a distance of less than 3km.
5. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the multiple modulating signal is a combination of multiplexed digital data which is modulated at different distinct preselected frequencies and then combined.
6. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the high speed data is serial data traveling at a rate of up to 100 Ksymbols/sec.
7. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein each station utilizes quadrature phase shift keying techniques when modulating and demodulating the multiple modulated signals.
8. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein the high speed data is serial data traveling at a rate of at least 160 kbits/sec.
9. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein each station utilizes octaphase shift keying techniques.
10. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 7 wherein the data error rate of the communication apparatus is less than 10-9.
11. A communication apparatus which transmits and receives composite modulated signals over an electrical line at high speeds comprising:
a first station and a second station connected to each other by an electrical line;
each station including multiple input data lines, multiple output data lines, multiple modulators, multiple demodulators and multiple air-core couplers;
said multiple input data lines carrying electrical information signals to said modulators, with one input data line associated with each of said modulators;
each of said modulators operating at a different preselected modulation frequency, and modulating electrical information signals received from its associated input data line and passing modulated electrical information signals to one of said air-core couplers;
each of said air-core couplers, being phase-shift linear and impedance matched with the electrical line at a preselected modulation frequency, coupling each modulated electrical information signal to the electrical line to create a composite output signal;
each of said air-core couplers also receiving a composite input signal from the electrical line and separating the composite input signal into parallel input modulation signals, without affecting the phase of said parallel input modulation signals, and passing said parallel input modulation signals to said demodulators;
each of said demodulators, one for each input modulation signal, demodulating one of said input modulation signals and transmitting a demodulated input modulation signal on one of said output data lines as input data.
a first station and a second station connected to each other by an electrical line;
each station including multiple input data lines, multiple output data lines, multiple modulators, multiple demodulators and multiple air-core couplers;
said multiple input data lines carrying electrical information signals to said modulators, with one input data line associated with each of said modulators;
each of said modulators operating at a different preselected modulation frequency, and modulating electrical information signals received from its associated input data line and passing modulated electrical information signals to one of said air-core couplers;
each of said air-core couplers, being phase-shift linear and impedance matched with the electrical line at a preselected modulation frequency, coupling each modulated electrical information signal to the electrical line to create a composite output signal;
each of said air-core couplers also receiving a composite input signal from the electrical line and separating the composite input signal into parallel input modulation signals, without affecting the phase of said parallel input modulation signals, and passing said parallel input modulation signals to said demodulators;
each of said demodulators, one for each input modulation signal, demodulating one of said input modulation signals and transmitting a demodulated input modulation signal on one of said output data lines as input data.
12. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 11 wherein all said input data lines are connected to a demultiplexer which demultiplexes the electrical information on an input data stream line onto said input data lines, and all said output data lines are connected to a multiplexer which multiplexes the electrical information on said output data lines onto an output data stream line.
13. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 12 wherein the input data lines and the output data lines operate individually at approximately 80 KSymbols/sec multiplied by the number of input data lines and the output data lines, respectively.
14. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 11 wherein each of the air-core couplers has a dielectric core.
15. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 11 wherein the electrical information on the input data lines and the output data lines is analog information.
16. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 12 wherein the demodulators incorporate phase-lock-loop circuity prior to demodulation.
17. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 16 wherein the modulators and the demodulators incorporate Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Circuitry.
18. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 16 wherein the modulators and the demodulators incorporate octaphase shift keying circuitry.
19. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 11 wherein each said station includes a multiplexer, demultiplexer, a serial input line and a serial output line;
each serial input line carries input data to a demultiplexer;
said demultiplexer demultiplexes the input data on the serial input line onto the multiple input data lines;
each multiplexer receives output data from the output data lines and multiplexes the data into data stream output data and sends the output data on the serial output line.
each serial input line carries input data to a demultiplexer;
said demultiplexer demultiplexes the input data on the serial input line onto the multiple input data lines;
each multiplexer receives output data from the output data lines and multiplexes the data into data stream output data and sends the output data on the serial output line.
20. A communication apparatus in accordance with claim 17 wherein both the data on the serial input line and data on the serial output line travel at data speeds exceeding approximately 1 Mbaud.
21. A method of communication which allows multiple electronic processors to communicate on an electrical lines comprising the steps of:
providing a first encoder/decoder unit connected to a first electronic processor and at least a second encoder/decoder unit connected to a second electronic processor, both first and second encoder/decoder units being connected to said electrical line and utilizing air-core couplers;
receiving a first data stream from the first electronic processor;
multiplexing the first data stream into multiple parallel data streams;
modulating each parallel data stream at a different distinct preselected modulation frequency resulting in multiple modulated data streams;
combination the multiple modulated data streams into a combination data stream;
sending the combination data stream on the electrical line in a phase linear manner;
receiving the combination data stream at the second encoder/decoder unit;
separating the combination data stream, in a phase linear manner, into second multiple modulated data streams each modulating at a different distinct modulation frequency;
demodulating each of said second modulated data streams and creating second parallel data streams;
demultiplexing the second parallel data streams into a single second data stream;
transmitting said second data stream to the second electronic processor.
providing a first encoder/decoder unit connected to a first electronic processor and at least a second encoder/decoder unit connected to a second electronic processor, both first and second encoder/decoder units being connected to said electrical line and utilizing air-core couplers;
receiving a first data stream from the first electronic processor;
multiplexing the first data stream into multiple parallel data streams;
modulating each parallel data stream at a different distinct preselected modulation frequency resulting in multiple modulated data streams;
combination the multiple modulated data streams into a combination data stream;
sending the combination data stream on the electrical line in a phase linear manner;
receiving the combination data stream at the second encoder/decoder unit;
separating the combination data stream, in a phase linear manner, into second multiple modulated data streams each modulating at a different distinct modulation frequency;
demodulating each of said second modulated data streams and creating second parallel data streams;
demultiplexing the second parallel data streams into a single second data stream;
transmitting said second data stream to the second electronic processor.
22. Communication apparatus comprising:
an electrical line over which first composite modulated information signals and second composite modulated information signals are transmitted;
a first station connected to said electrical line for:
(a) developing said first composite modulated information signals, (b) conducting to said electrical line said first composite modulated information signals, (c) receiving from said electrical line said second composite modulated information signals, and (d) processing said second composite modulated information signals, said first station including:
(a) a plurality of first station input data lines carrying first electrical information signals, (b) a plurality of first station modulators, each one associated with one of said first station input data line a and operating at a different preselected modulation frequency, for modulating said first electrical information signals received from associated first station input data lines to develop components of said first composite modulated information signals, (c) a plurality of first station demodulators, each one operating at a different preselected demodulation frequency, for demodulating components of said second composite modulated information signals received from said electrical line, (d) a plurality of first station output data lines, each one associated with one of said first station demodulators for carrying second electrical information signals, (e) a plurality of phase-shift linear first station air-cores couplers impedance matched with said electrical line for:
(i) coupling said components of said first composite modulated information signals developed by said first station modulators to said electrical line, (ii) separating said components of said second composites modulated information signals without affecting the phase of said components of said second composite modulated information signals, and (iii) passing said components of said second composites modulated information signals in parallel to said first station demodulators;
and a second station connected to said electrical line for:
(a) developing said second composite modulated information signals, (b) conducting to said electrical line said second composite: modulated information signals, (c) receiving from said electrical line said first composite modulated information signals, and (d) processing said first composite modulated information signals, said second station including:
(a) a plurality of second station input data lines carrying said second electrical information signals, (b) a plurality of second station modulators, each one associated with one of said second station input data lines and operating at a different preselected modulation frequency, for modulating said second electrical information signals received from associated second station input data lines to develop components of said second composite modulated information signals, (c) a plurality of second station demodulators, each one operating at a different preselected demodulation frequency, for demodulating components of said first composite modulated information signals received from said electrical line, (d) a plurality of second station output data lines, each one.gamma. associated with one of said second station demodulators for carrying said first electrical information signals, (e) a plurality of phase-shift linear second station air-core couplers impedance matched with said electrical line for:
(i) coupling said components of said second composite modulated information signals developed by said second station modulators to said electrical line, (ii) separating components of said first composite modulated information signals without affecting the phase of said components of said first composite modulated information signal, and (iii) passing said components of said first composite modulated information signals in parallel to said second station demodulators.
an electrical line over which first composite modulated information signals and second composite modulated information signals are transmitted;
a first station connected to said electrical line for:
(a) developing said first composite modulated information signals, (b) conducting to said electrical line said first composite modulated information signals, (c) receiving from said electrical line said second composite modulated information signals, and (d) processing said second composite modulated information signals, said first station including:
(a) a plurality of first station input data lines carrying first electrical information signals, (b) a plurality of first station modulators, each one associated with one of said first station input data line a and operating at a different preselected modulation frequency, for modulating said first electrical information signals received from associated first station input data lines to develop components of said first composite modulated information signals, (c) a plurality of first station demodulators, each one operating at a different preselected demodulation frequency, for demodulating components of said second composite modulated information signals received from said electrical line, (d) a plurality of first station output data lines, each one associated with one of said first station demodulators for carrying second electrical information signals, (e) a plurality of phase-shift linear first station air-cores couplers impedance matched with said electrical line for:
(i) coupling said components of said first composite modulated information signals developed by said first station modulators to said electrical line, (ii) separating said components of said second composites modulated information signals without affecting the phase of said components of said second composite modulated information signals, and (iii) passing said components of said second composites modulated information signals in parallel to said first station demodulators;
and a second station connected to said electrical line for:
(a) developing said second composite modulated information signals, (b) conducting to said electrical line said second composite: modulated information signals, (c) receiving from said electrical line said first composite modulated information signals, and (d) processing said first composite modulated information signals, said second station including:
(a) a plurality of second station input data lines carrying said second electrical information signals, (b) a plurality of second station modulators, each one associated with one of said second station input data lines and operating at a different preselected modulation frequency, for modulating said second electrical information signals received from associated second station input data lines to develop components of said second composite modulated information signals, (c) a plurality of second station demodulators, each one operating at a different preselected demodulation frequency, for demodulating components of said first composite modulated information signals received from said electrical line, (d) a plurality of second station output data lines, each one.gamma. associated with one of said second station demodulators for carrying said first electrical information signals, (e) a plurality of phase-shift linear second station air-core couplers impedance matched with said electrical line for:
(i) coupling said components of said second composite modulated information signals developed by said second station modulators to said electrical line, (ii) separating components of said first composite modulated information signals without affecting the phase of said components of said first composite modulated information signal, and (iii) passing said components of said first composite modulated information signals in parallel to said second station demodulators.
23. Communication transmitting apparatus for transmitting composite modulated information signals over an electrical line comprising:
a transmitting station connected to said electrical line for:
(a) developing said composite modulated information signals, (b) conducting to said electrical line said composite modulated information signals, said transmitting station including:
(a) a plurality of transmitting station input data liners carrying first electrical information signals, (b) a plurality of transmitting station modulators, each one associated with one of said transmitting station input data lines and operating at a different preselected modulation frequency, for modulating said first electrical information signals received from associated transmitting station input data lines to develop components of said composite modulated information signals, (c) a plurality of phase-shift linear first station air-core couplers impedance matched with said electrical line for coupling said components of said composite modulated information signals developed by said transmitting station modulators to said electrical line.
a transmitting station connected to said electrical line for:
(a) developing said composite modulated information signals, (b) conducting to said electrical line said composite modulated information signals, said transmitting station including:
(a) a plurality of transmitting station input data liners carrying first electrical information signals, (b) a plurality of transmitting station modulators, each one associated with one of said transmitting station input data lines and operating at a different preselected modulation frequency, for modulating said first electrical information signals received from associated transmitting station input data lines to develop components of said composite modulated information signals, (c) a plurality of phase-shift linear first station air-core couplers impedance matched with said electrical line for coupling said components of said composite modulated information signals developed by said transmitting station modulators to said electrical line.
24. Communication receiving apparatus for receiving composite modulated information signals over an electrical line comprising:
a receiving station connected to said electrical line for:
(a) receiving from said electrical line said composite modulated information signals, and (b) processing said composite modulated information signals, said receiving station including:
(a) a plurality of receiving station demodulators, each one operating at a different preselected demodulation frequency, for demodulating components of said composite modulated information signals received from said electrical line, (b) a plurality of receiving station output data lines, each one associated with one of said receiving station demodulators for carrying second electrical information signals, and (c) a plurality of phase-shift linear first station air-core couplers impedance matched with said electrical line for:
(i) separating said components of said composite modulated information signals without affecting the phase of said components of said composite modulated information signals, and (ii) passing said components of said composite modulated information signals in parallel to said receiving station demodulators.
a receiving station connected to said electrical line for:
(a) receiving from said electrical line said composite modulated information signals, and (b) processing said composite modulated information signals, said receiving station including:
(a) a plurality of receiving station demodulators, each one operating at a different preselected demodulation frequency, for demodulating components of said composite modulated information signals received from said electrical line, (b) a plurality of receiving station output data lines, each one associated with one of said receiving station demodulators for carrying second electrical information signals, and (c) a plurality of phase-shift linear first station air-core couplers impedance matched with said electrical line for:
(i) separating said components of said composite modulated information signals without affecting the phase of said components of said composite modulated information signals, and (ii) passing said components of said composite modulated information signals in parallel to said receiving station demodulators.
25. Communication transceiver apparatus for transmitting and receiving first and second composite modulated information signals over an electrical line comprising:
a transceiver station connected to said electrical line for:
(a) developing said first composite modulated information signals, (b) conducting to said electrical line said first composite modulated information signals, (c) receiving from said electrical line said second composite modulated information signals, and (d) processing said second composite modulated information signals, said transceiver station including:
(a) a plurality of input data lines carrying first electrical information signals, (b) a plurality of modulators, each one associated with one of said input data lines and operating at a different preselected modulation frequency, for modulating said first electrical information signals received from associated input data lines to develop components of said first composite modulated information signals, (c) a plurality of demodulators, each one operating at a different preselected demodulation frequency, for demodulating components of said second composite modulated information signals received from said electrical line, (d) a plurality of output data lines, each one associated with one of said demodulators for carrying second electrical information signals, (e) a plurality of phase-shift linear first station air-core couplers impedance matched with said electrical line for:
(i) coupling said components of said first composite modulated information signals developed by said transceiver station modulators to said electrical line, (ii) separating said components of said second composite modulated information signals without affecting the phase of said components of said second composite modulated information signals, and (iii) passing said components of said second composite modulated information signals in parallel to said demodulators.
a transceiver station connected to said electrical line for:
(a) developing said first composite modulated information signals, (b) conducting to said electrical line said first composite modulated information signals, (c) receiving from said electrical line said second composite modulated information signals, and (d) processing said second composite modulated information signals, said transceiver station including:
(a) a plurality of input data lines carrying first electrical information signals, (b) a plurality of modulators, each one associated with one of said input data lines and operating at a different preselected modulation frequency, for modulating said first electrical information signals received from associated input data lines to develop components of said first composite modulated information signals, (c) a plurality of demodulators, each one operating at a different preselected demodulation frequency, for demodulating components of said second composite modulated information signals received from said electrical line, (d) a plurality of output data lines, each one associated with one of said demodulators for carrying second electrical information signals, (e) a plurality of phase-shift linear first station air-core couplers impedance matched with said electrical line for:
(i) coupling said components of said first composite modulated information signals developed by said transceiver station modulators to said electrical line, (ii) separating said components of said second composite modulated information signals without affecting the phase of said components of said second composite modulated information signals, and (iii) passing said components of said second composite modulated information signals in parallel to said demodulators.
26. Communications apparatus in accordance with claim 23 further comprising a receiving station for receiving said composite modulated signal.
27. Communication apparatus in accordance with claim 26 wherein said receiving station comprises air-core couplers impedance matched to said electrical line.
28. Communication apparatus in accordance with claim 24 further comprising a transmitting station for transmitting said composite modulated signal.
29. Communication apparatus in accordance with claim 28 wherein said transmitting station comprises air-core couplers impedance matched to said electrical line.
30. Communication apparatus in accordance with claim 25 further comprising a second transceiver station connected to said electrical line for sending said second composite modulated signals over said electrical line and receiving said first composite modulated signals over said electrical line.
31. The communication apparatus of claim 28 wherein said second transceiver comprises air-core couplers impedance matched to said electrical line.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/884,123 US5351272A (en) | 1992-05-18 | 1992-05-18 | Communications apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving multiple modulated signals over electrical lines |
| US07/884,123 | 1992-05-18 | ||
| PCT/US1993/004726 WO1993023928A1 (en) | 1992-05-18 | 1993-05-18 | Power line coupler modem device for communication over electrical lines |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2135918A1 CA2135918A1 (en) | 1993-11-25 |
| CA2135918C true CA2135918C (en) | 2003-08-05 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002135918A Expired - Lifetime CA2135918C (en) | 1992-05-18 | 1993-05-18 | Power line coupler modem device for communication over electrical lines |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5351272A (en) |
| EP (3) | EP1777832A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3411278B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2135918C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993023928A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2125119A (en) * | 1936-06-02 | 1938-07-26 | Gen Electric | Coupling transformer |
| US4004110A (en) * | 1975-10-07 | 1977-01-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Power supply for power line carrier communication systems |
| US4142178A (en) * | 1977-04-25 | 1979-02-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | High voltage signal coupler for a distribution network power line carrier communication system |
| US4254402A (en) * | 1979-08-17 | 1981-03-03 | Rockwell International Corporation | Transformer arrangement for coupling a communication signal to a three-phase power line |
| ZA81878B (en) * | 1980-02-18 | 1982-02-24 | Sangamo Weston | Transmission systems for transmitting signals over power distribution networks,and transmitters for use therein |
| US4355303A (en) * | 1981-04-09 | 1982-10-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Receiver for a distribution network power line carrier communication system |
| US4675648A (en) * | 1984-04-17 | 1987-06-23 | Honeywell Inc. | Passive signal coupler between power distribution systems for the transmission of data signals over the power lines |
| FR2579340B3 (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1988-05-06 | Delahaye Achille | DEVICE FOR USE OF A SUBSCRIBER'S ENERGY DISTRIBUTION WIRING AND LOCAL INFORMATION TRANSMISSION NETWORK |
| CH671658A5 (en) * | 1986-01-15 | 1989-09-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
| US4815106A (en) * | 1986-04-16 | 1989-03-21 | Adaptive Networks, Inc. | Power line communication apparatus |
| US4845466A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1989-07-04 | Signetics Corporation | System for high speed digital transmission in repetitive noise environment |
| US4885563A (en) * | 1988-05-03 | 1989-12-05 | Thermo King Corporation | Power line carrier communication system |
| US4903006A (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1990-02-20 | Thermo King Corporation | Power line communication system |
| EP0470185B1 (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1995-11-29 | ABRAHAM, Charles | Power-line communication apparatus |
| US5185591A (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1993-02-09 | Abb Power T&D Co., Inc. | Power distribution line communication system for and method of reducing effects of signal cancellation |
-
1992
- 1992-05-18 US US07/884,123 patent/US5351272A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-05-18 WO PCT/US1993/004726 patent/WO1993023928A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-05-18 CA CA002135918A patent/CA2135918C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-18 EP EP06013222A patent/EP1777832A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-05-18 JP JP50382394A patent/JP3411278B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-18 EP EP93913976A patent/EP0689738A4/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-05-18 EP EP20040000976 patent/EP1416645A2/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1777832A1 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
| WO1993023928A1 (en) | 1993-11-25 |
| EP0689738A4 (en) | 1996-07-10 |
| JPH08502152A (en) | 1996-03-05 |
| EP1416645A2 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
| EP0689738A1 (en) | 1996-01-03 |
| JP3411278B2 (en) | 2003-05-26 |
| US5351272A (en) | 1994-09-27 |
| CA2135918A1 (en) | 1993-11-25 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
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