CA2129303C - Tubular heater for preparing carbon monoxide-containing gas mixtures - Google Patents
Tubular heater for preparing carbon monoxide-containing gas mixtures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2129303C CA2129303C CA002129303A CA2129303A CA2129303C CA 2129303 C CA2129303 C CA 2129303C CA 002129303 A CA002129303 A CA 002129303A CA 2129303 A CA2129303 A CA 2129303A CA 2129303 C CA2129303 C CA 2129303C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- outlet ends
- combustion chamber
- synthesis gas
- hydrocarbons
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
- C01B3/26—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/14—Production of inert gas mixtures; Use of inert gases in general
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J8/062—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes being installed in a furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00477—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
- B01J2208/00495—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0866—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combination of different heating methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0872—Methods of cooling
- C01B2203/0883—Methods of cooling by indirect heat exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
Abstract
The tubular heater comprises numerous tubes, which are disposed in a combustion chamber and contain ca-talyst. A synthesis gas, which mainly comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, is prepared in the tubes. There is a risk of a formation of carbides (metal dusting corrosion) on the outside surface of the outlet ends of the tubes. To prevent such corrosion, a gaseous or vaporous protecting fluid, which is substantially free of CO, is supplied to the region surrounding the outlet ends of the tubes.
Description
Tubular Il~ater For Pr~parinn Car"bon Monoxide-containing :gas Eli xtures ~cSC;: I °T I v~d This invention relak.es to a tr.lb~.rlar heater For a catalytic c:rac!<inrJ of ~1'~rc!rocorhr)ns ii) oo~~ler t.o prepare <-1 ran synthesis .oas, ,lilicll '.lainly cc)ntair~s !ly!Jrnclerl, carbon ~ilOrlO;<1C° '311 C) Cdr!)!)fl rllf)Xlcl!', ',l;ilCh l!?at:'?r COrilnrlS°S nulTie-rOUS tu~JeS, ;l ill C'1 :3r"°_ ~ilSr)~)S~?C 111 r3 COi'IbIJSt:IOn Ct)alTlber" i311(1 i.OfltOlrl Cat:dl'/Si:.
Tubular ~l:~at:ars :of k.;)at '~irlc;l ire known and se~~ve, e.e., ~~or~ ,~ ;.<3t~~lS-tic !~r:lc.'<incl ~)F rldtural aas to c)re-.)ar° r) Syntil°SIS '~c'.S, ':illC'1 1S tlS'?!l, ?.(l., Fr)1"
tile SyrltileSlS
OF ;'1?thanol. :~r255111"'S 1r) t11_? r'311(10 i~rOMI 1 t0 i~ !OarS ar'E' LIS!la l l y old l nta i ned I n i,il° t:r.li:)r'S , ~'ln(I i_.11(?
ra'.;' S,yntkleS l S OaS
:las ternoeratur~as ~)etvne~rl 7~?~) and 1!?00°i~ at tl)e outlet end of t;~e tubes. I t ;las t)e(~rl l or.'nc~ that t~l~ outl ~l: end of the f,ubr is su~)j~cted i:r) .; corrosive action ~~rhi~:'1 r"esult:s in t'le f,)rrnation :)F ~:ar ~icies ( ~ret~l ';u~l.inc!) anc' :)y ~:rllic!1 the ~,~etallic r~lat~rial is destro'/ec.i.
Ii: IS 3i1 c)..)j'Ct )F t:flP IrIV~.?ni.lc)rl !:O ~'FF~'Ctl~.'E?-i~/ pl"Ot''Ct ~:il° t!lb?S :l l: iil?lr" 'lllt,l'_'t ?~l!15, :~lhlC!1 ar° SUSCen-tibl2 to petal clustina corrosion, lnd the re~ic)n adjacent to such outlet ends. In a tubWar heater ~~~Ilicil is of tile kind described first hereinbefore this is accomplished in accordance with the invention in that means are provided for supplying a gaseous or vaporous protecting fluid which is substantially free of CO to the outside surface of the outlet ends of at least some of the tubes, which outlet ends are disposed outside the combustion chamber and flown through by raw synthesis gas. That protecting fluid prevents a corrosive action of the CO-containing synthesis gas in the particularly susceptible region around the outlet ends of the tunes. In dependence on the CO content the temperature region in which metal dusting corrosion can take place is between about 500 and 850°C.
More particularly, the present invention provides a tubular heater for a catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons in order to prepare a raw synthesis gas which mainly contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which heater comprises a refractory housing containing a combustion chamber and heating means in the combustion chamber, a plurality of tubes being disposed in the combustion chamber, the tubes containing a catalyst, the catalyst being indirectly heated by the heating means, the tubes having supply means for supplying hydrocarbons and steam into the tubes, the tubes having outlet ends downstream of the catalyst, the outlet ends being disposed outside the combustion chamber and being flown through by raw synthesis gas, the outlet ends being connected to a collecting line for collecting the raw synthesis gas, the outlet ends having an inside surface provided with a porous refractory lining, bell-shaped portions of the collecting line being connected to the outside of at least some of the outlet ends, each of the bell-shaped portions being 2a provided with a supply line for supplying a gaseous or vaporous protecting fluid which is substantially free of CO
to the outside surface of the outlet end of the portion and into the refractory lining.
At least some of the tubes are preferably provided on the outside of their outlet end with a chamber for receiving a protecting fluid. That chamber usually adjoins a refractory lining, which surrounds the outlet end of the tubes.
The present invention also concerns the method of producing synthesis gas by the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons in a tubular heater, which tubular heater comprises a plurality of tubes passing through a combustion chamber, wherein the hydrocarbons are supplied to the inlet of the tubes, the hydrocarbons being converted to synthesis gas as they pass through the tubes, and exiting the outlet ends of the tubes, and wherein a fuel is burned in the combustion chamber to heat the gases passing through the tubes, and wherein the outlet ends of the tubes are disposed outside the combustion chamber, the improvement which comprises protecting the outlet ends of the tubes and the region adjacent thereto from metal dusting corrosion, by providing a gaseous or vaporous protecting fluid, which is substantially free of CO, to the outside surface of the outlet ends of at least some of the tubes.
Details of the design of the tubular heater heater in accordance with the invention will be explained with reference to the drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic horizontal sectional view showing a tubular heater and 2b Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view which shows on a larger scale the outlet end of a tube.
A refractory housing 1 contains a combustion chamber 2, in which numerous vertical tubes 3 are heated from the outside. Heating is effected by a plurality of burners 4, which are supplied, 2.g., with natural gas. A
mixture which contains hydrocarbons and steam is supplied through supply lines 5 into the tubes 3 and is reacted in the tubes on the catalyst provided therein and consisting, e.g., of a nickel catalyst. ~1 ra~.v synthesis is thus prepared, which mainly contains hy~lro~~en, caraon monoxide, and car-bon dioxide. .'fit temperatures from 700 to 1000°C and pre-ferably of at least 300°C Lhe synthesis gas flows downwardly in the tubes and exits ti~rough the outlet ends 3a into a collecting line I t pas i~een v:m.mcJ ti~at ~art~ cularl y the out-side surfaces of the outlet ends ~a and their environment are susceptible to metal dustino corrosion, ~.vhich causes the metal to oe destroyed oy a formation of carbides. such car-,ides are formed by t~~e c;«co:~!oosition of carbon ;nonoxide ay the ruction 2 CO ---> C~;!,, . C, ~~-~hich is particularly in-tense at te!nperatures in the range from 500 to 350°C. Tem-peratures in that range usually occur on the outside surface of the outlet ends ?a and in their environment.
The collecting line ~ is provided on its in-side surface ,vith a r?fractory lining pa, ~,~hich surrounds also the outlet ends 3a of the tubes 3. Qecause the refrac-tory lining I~as a certain porosity, synthesis gas must be ex-pected to diffuse through the refractory lining and synthesis gas at relatively low temperatures reaches the outside sur-face of the outlet ends 3a so that the above-mentioned corrosion takes place.
In order to protect the outlet ends 3a and their closest environment against the corrosive action resulting in a formation of carbides, each outlet end is provided with a supply line 7, through ,;which a gaseous or vaporous protecting fluid is suoolied from a gain line 3. The pro-tecting fluid may consist, e.g., of 'hydrogen, water vapor, nitrogen or CO2.
It is apaarent form Figure 2 how the protecting fluid is conducted through the line 7 into a chamber 9, which is disposed ~,~itt~in a bell-shaped enlarged portion 10 of the collecting line o. The enlarged portion 10 is welded at its top end 10a to the tube 3. The protecting fluid pre-vents the metal dustinc, corrosion on the outside surface of the outlet end 3a and on t~~e inside surface of the enlarged portion 10.
The refractory lining oa of the collecting line surrounds the outlet end 3a of the tube 3. The lining 6a consists, e.g., of ' ra;nrned composition and is slightly porous so that tii~ protecting fluid can diffuse out of the chamber 9 through the lining and is finally discharged in the collecting line 5 together witi~ the synthesis gas.
~1s is aoparent from Figures 1 and 2 the line 7 which comes from tl~a vain line ~ and conducts protecting fluid extends downwardl,y over a certain distance in contact with the outside surface of the associated tube 3 so that _ j _ the hot gas inside the tube 3 is used to heat the prote~ct-ing fluid in the line 7 by an indirect heat exchange and the protecting Fluid is at an elevated temperature as it enters the chamber 9. That heating of the protecting Fluid prevents thermal stresses adjacent to the outlet end 3a.
Tubular ~l:~at:ars :of k.;)at '~irlc;l ire known and se~~ve, e.e., ~~or~ ,~ ;.<3t~~lS-tic !~r:lc.'<incl ~)F rldtural aas to c)re-.)ar° r) Syntil°SIS '~c'.S, ':illC'1 1S tlS'?!l, ?.(l., Fr)1"
tile SyrltileSlS
OF ;'1?thanol. :~r255111"'S 1r) t11_? r'311(10 i~rOMI 1 t0 i~ !OarS ar'E' LIS!la l l y old l nta i ned I n i,il° t:r.li:)r'S , ~'ln(I i_.11(?
ra'.;' S,yntkleS l S OaS
:las ternoeratur~as ~)etvne~rl 7~?~) and 1!?00°i~ at tl)e outlet end of t;~e tubes. I t ;las t)e(~rl l or.'nc~ that t~l~ outl ~l: end of the f,ubr is su~)j~cted i:r) .; corrosive action ~~rhi~:'1 r"esult:s in t'le f,)rrnation :)F ~:ar ~icies ( ~ret~l ';u~l.inc!) anc' :)y ~:rllic!1 the ~,~etallic r~lat~rial is destro'/ec.i.
Ii: IS 3i1 c)..)j'Ct )F t:flP IrIV~.?ni.lc)rl !:O ~'FF~'Ctl~.'E?-i~/ pl"Ot''Ct ~:il° t!lb?S :l l: iil?lr" 'lllt,l'_'t ?~l!15, :~lhlC!1 ar° SUSCen-tibl2 to petal clustina corrosion, lnd the re~ic)n adjacent to such outlet ends. In a tubWar heater ~~~Ilicil is of tile kind described first hereinbefore this is accomplished in accordance with the invention in that means are provided for supplying a gaseous or vaporous protecting fluid which is substantially free of CO to the outside surface of the outlet ends of at least some of the tubes, which outlet ends are disposed outside the combustion chamber and flown through by raw synthesis gas. That protecting fluid prevents a corrosive action of the CO-containing synthesis gas in the particularly susceptible region around the outlet ends of the tunes. In dependence on the CO content the temperature region in which metal dusting corrosion can take place is between about 500 and 850°C.
More particularly, the present invention provides a tubular heater for a catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons in order to prepare a raw synthesis gas which mainly contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which heater comprises a refractory housing containing a combustion chamber and heating means in the combustion chamber, a plurality of tubes being disposed in the combustion chamber, the tubes containing a catalyst, the catalyst being indirectly heated by the heating means, the tubes having supply means for supplying hydrocarbons and steam into the tubes, the tubes having outlet ends downstream of the catalyst, the outlet ends being disposed outside the combustion chamber and being flown through by raw synthesis gas, the outlet ends being connected to a collecting line for collecting the raw synthesis gas, the outlet ends having an inside surface provided with a porous refractory lining, bell-shaped portions of the collecting line being connected to the outside of at least some of the outlet ends, each of the bell-shaped portions being 2a provided with a supply line for supplying a gaseous or vaporous protecting fluid which is substantially free of CO
to the outside surface of the outlet end of the portion and into the refractory lining.
At least some of the tubes are preferably provided on the outside of their outlet end with a chamber for receiving a protecting fluid. That chamber usually adjoins a refractory lining, which surrounds the outlet end of the tubes.
The present invention also concerns the method of producing synthesis gas by the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons in a tubular heater, which tubular heater comprises a plurality of tubes passing through a combustion chamber, wherein the hydrocarbons are supplied to the inlet of the tubes, the hydrocarbons being converted to synthesis gas as they pass through the tubes, and exiting the outlet ends of the tubes, and wherein a fuel is burned in the combustion chamber to heat the gases passing through the tubes, and wherein the outlet ends of the tubes are disposed outside the combustion chamber, the improvement which comprises protecting the outlet ends of the tubes and the region adjacent thereto from metal dusting corrosion, by providing a gaseous or vaporous protecting fluid, which is substantially free of CO, to the outside surface of the outlet ends of at least some of the tubes.
Details of the design of the tubular heater heater in accordance with the invention will be explained with reference to the drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic horizontal sectional view showing a tubular heater and 2b Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view which shows on a larger scale the outlet end of a tube.
A refractory housing 1 contains a combustion chamber 2, in which numerous vertical tubes 3 are heated from the outside. Heating is effected by a plurality of burners 4, which are supplied, 2.g., with natural gas. A
mixture which contains hydrocarbons and steam is supplied through supply lines 5 into the tubes 3 and is reacted in the tubes on the catalyst provided therein and consisting, e.g., of a nickel catalyst. ~1 ra~.v synthesis is thus prepared, which mainly contains hy~lro~~en, caraon monoxide, and car-bon dioxide. .'fit temperatures from 700 to 1000°C and pre-ferably of at least 300°C Lhe synthesis gas flows downwardly in the tubes and exits ti~rough the outlet ends 3a into a collecting line I t pas i~een v:m.mcJ ti~at ~art~ cularl y the out-side surfaces of the outlet ends ~a and their environment are susceptible to metal dustino corrosion, ~.vhich causes the metal to oe destroyed oy a formation of carbides. such car-,ides are formed by t~~e c;«co:~!oosition of carbon ;nonoxide ay the ruction 2 CO ---> C~;!,, . C, ~~-~hich is particularly in-tense at te!nperatures in the range from 500 to 350°C. Tem-peratures in that range usually occur on the outside surface of the outlet ends ?a and in their environment.
The collecting line ~ is provided on its in-side surface ,vith a r?fractory lining pa, ~,~hich surrounds also the outlet ends 3a of the tubes 3. Qecause the refrac-tory lining I~as a certain porosity, synthesis gas must be ex-pected to diffuse through the refractory lining and synthesis gas at relatively low temperatures reaches the outside sur-face of the outlet ends 3a so that the above-mentioned corrosion takes place.
In order to protect the outlet ends 3a and their closest environment against the corrosive action resulting in a formation of carbides, each outlet end is provided with a supply line 7, through ,;which a gaseous or vaporous protecting fluid is suoolied from a gain line 3. The pro-tecting fluid may consist, e.g., of 'hydrogen, water vapor, nitrogen or CO2.
It is apaarent form Figure 2 how the protecting fluid is conducted through the line 7 into a chamber 9, which is disposed ~,~itt~in a bell-shaped enlarged portion 10 of the collecting line o. The enlarged portion 10 is welded at its top end 10a to the tube 3. The protecting fluid pre-vents the metal dustinc, corrosion on the outside surface of the outlet end 3a and on t~~e inside surface of the enlarged portion 10.
The refractory lining oa of the collecting line surrounds the outlet end 3a of the tube 3. The lining 6a consists, e.g., of ' ra;nrned composition and is slightly porous so that tii~ protecting fluid can diffuse out of the chamber 9 through the lining and is finally discharged in the collecting line 5 together witi~ the synthesis gas.
~1s is aoparent from Figures 1 and 2 the line 7 which comes from tl~a vain line ~ and conducts protecting fluid extends downwardl,y over a certain distance in contact with the outside surface of the associated tube 3 so that _ j _ the hot gas inside the tube 3 is used to heat the prote~ct-ing fluid in the line 7 by an indirect heat exchange and the protecting Fluid is at an elevated temperature as it enters the chamber 9. That heating of the protecting Fluid prevents thermal stresses adjacent to the outlet end 3a.
Claims (6)
1. A tubular heater for a catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons in order to prepare a raw synthesis gas which mainly contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which heater comprises a refractory housing containing a combustion chamber and heating means in said combustion chamber, a plurality of tubes being disposed in said combustion chamber, said tubes containing a catalyst, said catalyst being indirectly heated by said heating means, said tubes having supply means for supplying hydrocarbons and steam into said tubes, said tubes having outlet ends downstream of said catalyst, said outlet ends being disposed outside said combustion chamber and being flown through by raw synthesis gas, said outlet ends being connected to a collecting line for collecting said raw synthesis gas, said outlet ends having an inside surface provided with a porous refractory lining, bell-shaped portions of the collecting line being connected to the outside of at least some of said outlet ends, each of said bell-shaped portions being provided with a supply line for supplying a gaseous or vaporous protecting fluid which is substantially free of CO to the outside surface of the outlet end of said portion and into the refractory lining.
2. A tubular heater according to claim 1, wherein at least some of the tubes are equipped with a chamber on the outside of their outlet ends for receiving said protecting fluid.
3. A tubular heater according to claim 1 or 2, further characterized in that said protecting fluid is supplied to each of said at least some of the tubes through a line which extends over and along a portion of each, through which said synthesis gas passes and which is in physical contact with the outside surface of said tube.
4. In the method of producing synthesis gas by the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons in a tubular heater, which tubular heater comprises a plurality of tubes passing through a combustion chamber, wherein the hydrocarbons are supplied to the inlet of said tubes, said hydrocarbons being converted to synthesis gas as they pass through said tubes, and exiting the outlet ends of said tubes, and wherein a fuel is burned in said combustion chamber to heat the gases passing through said tubes, and wherein the outlet ends of said tubes are disposed outside said combustion chamber, the improvement which comprises protecting said outlet ends of said tubes and the region adjacent thereto from metal dusting corrosion, by providing a gaseous or vaporous protecting fluid, which is substantially free of CO, to the outside surface of said outlet ends of at least some of said tubes.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said protecting fluid is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, water vapor, nitrogen and CO2.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said hydrocarbons are natural gas.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4327176A DE4327176C1 (en) | 1993-08-13 | 1993-08-13 | Tube furnace for the production of gas mixtures containing carbon monoxide |
| DEP4327176.6 | 1993-08-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2129303A1 CA2129303A1 (en) | 1995-02-14 |
| CA2129303C true CA2129303C (en) | 2003-12-09 |
Family
ID=6495082
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002129303A Expired - Lifetime CA2129303C (en) | 1993-08-13 | 1994-08-02 | Tubular heater for preparing carbon monoxide-containing gas mixtures |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5490974A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0638514B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1037504C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE151056T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU673273B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2129303C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4327176C1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0638514T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2102104T3 (en) |
| MY (1) | MY124300A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ260957A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2102310C1 (en) |
| SA (1) | SA94140510B1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA946084B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4431954C1 (en) | 1994-09-08 | 1995-11-09 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Hot gas pipe for conveying gas with hydrogen and carbon monoxide content |
| DE19502788C1 (en) * | 1995-01-28 | 1996-09-05 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Method and device for discharging a hot gas mixture containing carbon monoxide |
| EP0765867A1 (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 1997-04-02 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Substituted benzoyl guanidines, process for their preparation, their use as antiarrhythmics or diagnostic agent as well as pharmaceuticals containing them |
| DE19613905A1 (en) | 1996-04-06 | 1997-10-09 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Metal surface protected against metal dusting corrosion that has a thermal insulation layer |
| ATE556987T1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2012-05-15 | Ammonia Casale Sa | METHOD FOR HYDROCARBON REFORMING |
| DE10142794A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-20 | Ballard Power Systems | Catalytic coating for a gas generating unit |
| DE102006022898B3 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-09-27 | Uhde Gmbh | Collecting line for deviating hot process gases in tubular furnaces comprises different heat passage resistances in the peripheral direction |
| DE102006052937A1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-21 | Uhde Gmbh | Manifold for tube splitters |
| DE102012015667A1 (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-04-30 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Discharge system for a steam reformer and storage for this |
| US10384183B2 (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2019-08-20 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Steam methane reformer tube outlet assembly |
| US9862602B1 (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-01-09 | Lyten, Inc. | Cracking of a process gas |
| WO2019199521A1 (en) | 2018-04-10 | 2019-10-17 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Steam methane reformer tube outlet assembly |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2915367A (en) * | 1956-04-27 | 1959-12-01 | Du Pont | Metal oxide production |
| US3453087A (en) * | 1964-06-25 | 1969-07-01 | Girdler Corp | Modular reformer furnace |
| US3607125A (en) * | 1968-12-30 | 1971-09-21 | Gen Electric | Reformer tube construction |
| US3897471A (en) * | 1969-06-18 | 1975-07-29 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for producing methanol |
| DE2948107A1 (en) * | 1979-11-29 | 1981-06-04 | Didier Engineering Gmbh, 4300 Essen | DEVICE FOR PRODUCING NH (ARROW DOWN) 3 (ARROW DOWN) SYNTHESIS GAS FROM PRE-CLEANED COOKER GAS |
| US4324649A (en) * | 1980-07-08 | 1982-04-13 | Pullman Incorporated | Fired process heater |
| DE3309394C2 (en) * | 1983-03-16 | 1985-11-14 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Device for the production of hydrogen cyanide |
| DE3415916A1 (en) * | 1984-04-28 | 1985-11-07 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | METHOD FOR HEAT EXHAUST FROM A OR PIPE ARRANGED FOR HEATING |
| DE3429522C1 (en) * | 1984-08-10 | 1985-11-14 | Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund | Reaction pipe system of a tubular cracking furnace |
| JPS6365057A (en) * | 1986-09-05 | 1988-03-23 | Kubota Ltd | Tube for thermal decomposition or reforming reaction of hydrocarbons |
| JPH0631323B2 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1994-04-27 | 三井造船株式会社 | Decomposition furnace |
| FR2660875B1 (en) * | 1990-04-13 | 1992-08-14 | Technip Cie | CATALYTIC, TUBULAR AND PRESSURIZED HYDROCARBON CONVERTER. |
| US5283049A (en) * | 1992-06-18 | 1994-02-01 | Quantum Chemical Corporation | Minimizing coking problems in tubular process furnaces |
| DE4221837C1 (en) * | 1992-07-03 | 1993-08-19 | Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund, De | Shrouded catalytic reformer tube - with partially enclosed gas mixing zone, for prodn. of synthesis gas |
-
1993
- 1993-08-13 DE DE4327176A patent/DE4327176C1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-09 MY MYPI93002647A patent/MY124300A/en unknown
-
1994
- 1994-01-19 SA SA94140510A patent/SA94140510B1/en unknown
- 1994-07-06 ES ES94110499T patent/ES2102104T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-06 DK DK94110499.4T patent/DK0638514T3/en active
- 1994-07-06 AT AT94110499T patent/ATE151056T1/en active
- 1994-07-06 DE DE59402287T patent/DE59402287D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-06 EP EP94110499A patent/EP0638514B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-07 NZ NZ260957A patent/NZ260957A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-27 US US08/281,058 patent/US5490974A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-27 CN CN94107964A patent/CN1037504C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-02 CA CA002129303A patent/CA2129303C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-11 AU AU70222/94A patent/AU673273B2/en not_active Expired
- 1994-08-12 RU RU94038428A patent/RU2102310C1/en active
- 1994-08-12 ZA ZA946084A patent/ZA946084B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2129303A1 (en) | 1995-02-14 |
| AU7022294A (en) | 1995-02-23 |
| ES2102104T3 (en) | 1997-07-16 |
| ATE151056T1 (en) | 1997-04-15 |
| CN1098699A (en) | 1995-02-15 |
| ZA946084B (en) | 1996-02-12 |
| RU94038428A (en) | 1996-06-10 |
| DE59402287D1 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
| EP0638514A1 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
| DK0638514T3 (en) | 1997-04-21 |
| AU673273B2 (en) | 1996-10-31 |
| EP0638514B1 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
| RU2102310C1 (en) | 1998-01-20 |
| SA94140510B1 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
| NZ260957A (en) | 1995-09-26 |
| CN1037504C (en) | 1998-02-25 |
| US5490974A (en) | 1996-02-13 |
| MY124300A (en) | 2006-06-30 |
| DE4327176C1 (en) | 1995-01-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2129303C (en) | Tubular heater for preparing carbon monoxide-containing gas mixtures | |
| RU2136360C1 (en) | Device and method for endothermic reaction | |
| CA1078615A (en) | Convective power reformer equipment and system | |
| US6835360B2 (en) | Compact endothermic catalytic reaction apparatus | |
| EP0021111B1 (en) | High temperature heat exchanger | |
| ES2197235T3 (en) | IMPROVED BURNER FOR A PARTIAL OXIDATION PROCESS THAT IS PROVIDED WITH A REDUCED EXTREMITY AND A PRESSURE GAS POWER SUPPLY. | |
| US2028326A (en) | Apparatus for the production of hydrogen | |
| US4909809A (en) | Apparatus for the production of gas | |
| JPS6023854B2 (en) | heat exchange reactor | |
| CA2679528C (en) | Compact exchanger reactor using a plurality of porous burners | |
| JPH07145927A (en) | Porous matrix, surface combustion apparatus-fluid heater andburning method of gaseous fuel | |
| NZ280872A (en) | Hot gas line system for conducting co2 containing hot gas mixture: co free protective fluid supplied to system | |
| AU681978B2 (en) | Apparatus for cooling hot gas | |
| CA1146029A (en) | Method of controlling contact-kinetic flameless combustion boiler to carry out such combustion | |
| US7288691B2 (en) | Process for heat treatment of hydrocarbon feedstocks by furnace that is equipped with radiant burners | |
| WO2001012310A1 (en) | Catalyst tubes for endothermic reaction especially for the production of hydrogen and syngas | |
| CA1260231A (en) | Equipment for incinerating fluorohydrocarbons | |
| CN103534197A (en) | Facility and reactor for directly synthesizing hydrochloric acid from hydrogen and chlorine with heat recovery | |
| CS257754B2 (en) | Method of phosphorous penta-oxide production by means of air combustion of elementary phosphorus | |
| US3450507A (en) | Integrated reforming of hydrocarbons | |
| RU172709U1 (en) | GAS GENERATOR FOR OXYGEN-FREE GASIFICATION OF AQUAROUS FUEL | |
| US4524725A (en) | Self-cleaning heat exchanger | |
| CA1172982A (en) | Tubular furnace | |
| JP2005533743A (en) | Fusion reactor for Claus equipment | |
| NZ272891A (en) | Hot gas line of multi-layer construction, incorporating bellows compensation for thermal expansion |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20140804 |