CA2101142A1 - Cleaning by cavitation in liquefied gas - Google Patents
Cleaning by cavitation in liquefied gasInfo
- Publication number
- CA2101142A1 CA2101142A1 CA002101142A CA2101142A CA2101142A1 CA 2101142 A1 CA2101142 A1 CA 2101142A1 CA 002101142 A CA002101142 A CA 002101142A CA 2101142 A CA2101142 A CA 2101142A CA 2101142 A1 CA2101142 A1 CA 2101142A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- chamber
- cavitation
- undesired material
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F19/00—Washing machines using vibrations for washing purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0021—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by liquid gases or supercritical fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/02—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by distortion, beating, or vibration of the surface to be cleaned
- B08B7/026—Using sound waves
- B08B7/028—Using ultrasounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
- D06F43/007—Dry cleaning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
- D06F43/08—Associated apparatus for handling and recovering the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/26—Cleaning or polishing of the conductive pattern
Abstract
CLEANING BY CAVITATION IN LIQUEFIED GAS
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Undesired material is removed from a chosen substrate (28) by a process comprising the steps of (a) placing the substrate containing the undesired material in a cleaning chamber (12) provided with cavitation-producing means (16, 36, 52); (b) introducing a liquefied gas, such as liquid carbon dioxide, into the cleaning chamber and contacting the substrate containing the undesired material with the liquid carbon dioxide at a temperature below its critical temperature; and (c) exposing the liquid carbon dioxide to the cavitation-producing means for a period of time suffi-cient to remove the undesired material form the substrate.
The substrate containing the undesired material may option-ally be contacted with carbon dioxide in the dense phase prior to and/or after the cavitation treatment to aid in removal of the undesired material. Further, spend liquid carbon dioxide may be treated to regenerate fresh liquid carbon dioxide which is recycled to the cleaning chamber.
Other gases besides carbon dioxide which may be used in-clude nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and xenon.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Undesired material is removed from a chosen substrate (28) by a process comprising the steps of (a) placing the substrate containing the undesired material in a cleaning chamber (12) provided with cavitation-producing means (16, 36, 52); (b) introducing a liquefied gas, such as liquid carbon dioxide, into the cleaning chamber and contacting the substrate containing the undesired material with the liquid carbon dioxide at a temperature below its critical temperature; and (c) exposing the liquid carbon dioxide to the cavitation-producing means for a period of time suffi-cient to remove the undesired material form the substrate.
The substrate containing the undesired material may option-ally be contacted with carbon dioxide in the dense phase prior to and/or after the cavitation treatment to aid in removal of the undesired material. Further, spend liquid carbon dioxide may be treated to regenerate fresh liquid carbon dioxide which is recycled to the cleaning chamber.
Other gases besides carbon dioxide which may be used in-clude nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and xenon.
Description
C~, ~S C~ANI2~G ~Y C~.A~!SOtll ~ QU~ sV ~W
a~c~52y~ 0~ ~1~ SNV~NTIOll 10 ~
~ nt ~ro~ o~ ~lat~ to th~ o~ caYlt~tloa to elo~ ~ tr~t~ tlaul~ , 'co pr~
~ploy~g l~ ~-d gaJ, ~uch aJ l~uld c~boa dlo~cldo, 1 co~b}.n~t~on ~it~ a~t~t~OI~ to oe~h~G- th ~ of lS ~d~ ~rarlety of ~ub~t~ateo, lDc~udi~g co~ x Jultorl~lJ ua~l ~o.
l~ltra~o~c clean1~g h~ bec~a utlll~ r lndu~t~r tor 20 a nu~r o~ year~. $~ th~ co~vellt~onal ~wo~os, t~lO o~
leatlAg ~ orga~a ~olYe~t~, w t-r, o~ aq~-ou~ o~-tlon~ sd ~ o~ n rg~ ppl~-d to t}, ~ eO
pro~ot~ r3.tatlo~ ~e ~or~tlo~ o~ bu~
tb~ egue~t coll~p~e~ Altho~gh ad~*aat6 for t~ on-25 ~catlo~ c1~g, both ty~ o~ so1V~t~ v~ d~tag~-. ~y ~tro.te~ ~r~ a r1go~ou~ drying p~oca~
fo110~g ~posu~e to ~ ou~ ~, and thi~ i- oft~n a t~-co~s~g thon~l ~cur-~o~. ~ U~8 0~ orqa~e ~o1ve~t~ o~c~ti~g ~ prese~t~ t~ ~roble~ of ch~
30 ica1 di~ al ~d 1~ ect to ~lct seg~1~tory co~tro~
~ S10ll~1 d~ad~J~t~g- r~1~t~ to ~dl~ng of tho ~
red co~tas~t~ otl~er org~ic or p~¢u1at~ a 'che co~t~ a co~tsoll~ at~r~ c~ ~- a act~r~ p~t1c10, o~ce in ~o1~t~o~l or u~ lo~, it- ~o1 3~ t~tia11~r lnc~ d, ~d th~- p~e~e~t~ a~ additio~1 pr~ at~e~t~di~po~a1 p~ob1esl.
S~ tha~ con~ntlonal ~lt~o~c Gleani~ ~roc~
~OI~lC b~o~s~8 aro ofte~ us~d ts prodaco th ~on~c ~n~rg~
oth~r proc~ cav~tat~o~ l~ozz10 ~a~ be u~d. For 2~02~ 2 - ~P1~ P~tOnt ~ t6~387~ U~ ~h ~ SJ~
J. P~ for ~M~tho~l for E~ ng Osldlz~l- Cont~,lAnt-in Cool~g W~t~ in t~on~unctlon ~th ~oolldg ~
~d ~.8. ~t-~t ~o. ~,990,260, l~u~d F-bru~ 5, 1991, to S J. P~OA~ for ~ thod u~d Ap~ratu~ for a~lloYing O~ldlzabl-Cont~ntJ l~ l~at~r to Ac~ e ~gb ~urlty S~at-r for In-du-trl~ J o~ clo~o ~otbod~ for rs~r~ cont~t-~ro~ ~rator by lndu¢l~g c~vlt~t$on ~ tho ~t-r to ca~- tho wator to dios~:~ato to l~roduco hyd~oxyl f~e-r~d~cal~ ~ich 10 ACt a~ ng ag-nt~. ~ tbo ~roc~ of P1~aD~
tra~riol-t rad~t~o~ ~ ssod ~ co~l~at~o~ ~lt~ t~o~
to co~t~- t~a o~datlon proce~ ~hld ~# ~nitl4ted ~q th~ hydroxyl ~r~o-radlc~l-. $h- cav~tatlo~ ln tbo Pi~a~l proce~ produc~d ~y a ^crit~cal flo~ ~ozzle.
Anoth-r typ- of cle~ proce~ tll~s~sg ~ o ~$ftl~q of de~se pha~o p~e~, ha- b~ dl w lo~-d ~nd cla~d ~a ~.8. P~t-~t ~o. S,01~,366, l~ued to D.i. ~ac~-50~ t al ~nd a--~g~-d to t~o ~ame ~-~ign- ~ tb~ ~r-~-nt appl~atio~. Th- proC~ qploys a de~- ph~- 9~ ~t o~
abo~ th~ critical pre~uro. Th- pha-- of tho de~- pha~-g~ thon h~ftod ~t~n-~ th llqu~d tat- ~nd th superc~itical ~tate bq ~ry~ th temp~r~tur- of th d~o fluid i~ ~ sorio- of top~ b t~ -~ tC~F-r~ture~ ~bo~ and b lo~ th cr~tlc~l to~par~t~r~ of tho d ~ id, ~hlle 2S Da~ntalnin~ tho pr~-~ur bovo t~- ¢rlt~c~l ~ lu . B~a~
pl-~ o~ fluld ~Dclud ~1) bydroc-r~o~ u~h ~ thano, thana, propa~o, butauo, poDt~ ~ h xane, ethyl-~ nd propyle~ 2) halogeDated ~ydroc~rbon~ ch a- t-trafl~
ororeth~o, chlorod~fl~oro~etha~c, ~na p rfl~oropro~
a~c~52y~ 0~ ~1~ SNV~NTIOll 10 ~
~ nt ~ro~ o~ ~lat~ to th~ o~ caYlt~tloa to elo~ ~ tr~t~ tlaul~ , 'co pr~
~ploy~g l~ ~-d gaJ, ~uch aJ l~uld c~boa dlo~cldo, 1 co~b}.n~t~on ~it~ a~t~t~OI~ to oe~h~G- th ~ of lS ~d~ ~rarlety of ~ub~t~ateo, lDc~udi~g co~ x Jultorl~lJ ua~l ~o.
l~ltra~o~c clean1~g h~ bec~a utlll~ r lndu~t~r tor 20 a nu~r o~ year~. $~ th~ co~vellt~onal ~wo~os, t~lO o~
leatlAg ~ orga~a ~olYe~t~, w t-r, o~ aq~-ou~ o~-tlon~ sd ~ o~ n rg~ ppl~-d to t}, ~ eO
pro~ot~ r3.tatlo~ ~e ~or~tlo~ o~ bu~
tb~ egue~t coll~p~e~ Altho~gh ad~*aat6 for t~ on-25 ~catlo~ c1~g, both ty~ o~ so1V~t~ v~ d~tag~-. ~y ~tro.te~ ~r~ a r1go~ou~ drying p~oca~
fo110~g ~posu~e to ~ ou~ ~, and thi~ i- oft~n a t~-co~s~g thon~l ~cur-~o~. ~ U~8 0~ orqa~e ~o1ve~t~ o~c~ti~g ~ prese~t~ t~ ~roble~ of ch~
30 ica1 di~ al ~d 1~ ect to ~lct seg~1~tory co~tro~
~ S10ll~1 d~ad~J~t~g- r~1~t~ to ~dl~ng of tho ~
red co~tas~t~ otl~er org~ic or p~¢u1at~ a 'che co~t~ a co~tsoll~ at~r~ c~ ~- a act~r~ p~t1c10, o~ce in ~o1~t~o~l or u~ lo~, it- ~o1 3~ t~tia11~r lnc~ d, ~d th~- p~e~e~t~ a~ additio~1 pr~ at~e~t~di~po~a1 p~ob1esl.
S~ tha~ con~ntlonal ~lt~o~c Gleani~ ~roc~
~OI~lC b~o~s~8 aro ofte~ us~d ts prodaco th ~on~c ~n~rg~
oth~r proc~ cav~tat~o~ l~ozz10 ~a~ be u~d. For 2~02~ 2 - ~P1~ P~tOnt ~ t6~387~ U~ ~h ~ SJ~
J. P~ for ~M~tho~l for E~ ng Osldlz~l- Cont~,lAnt-in Cool~g W~t~ in t~on~unctlon ~th ~oolldg ~
~d ~.8. ~t-~t ~o. ~,990,260, l~u~d F-bru~ 5, 1991, to S J. P~OA~ for ~ thod u~d Ap~ratu~ for a~lloYing O~ldlzabl-Cont~ntJ l~ l~at~r to Ac~ e ~gb ~urlty S~at-r for In-du-trl~ J o~ clo~o ~otbod~ for rs~r~ cont~t-~ro~ ~rator by lndu¢l~g c~vlt~t$on ~ tho ~t-r to ca~- tho wator to dios~:~ato to l~roduco hyd~oxyl f~e-r~d~cal~ ~ich 10 ACt a~ ng ag-nt~. ~ tbo ~roc~ of P1~aD~
tra~riol-t rad~t~o~ ~ ssod ~ co~l~at~o~ ~lt~ t~o~
to co~t~- t~a o~datlon proce~ ~hld ~# ~nitl4ted ~q th~ hydroxyl ~r~o-radlc~l-. $h- cav~tatlo~ ln tbo Pi~a~l proce~ produc~d ~y a ^crit~cal flo~ ~ozzle.
Anoth-r typ- of cle~ proce~ tll~s~sg ~ o ~$ftl~q of de~se pha~o p~e~, ha- b~ dl w lo~-d ~nd cla~d ~a ~.8. P~t-~t ~o. S,01~,366, l~ued to D.i. ~ac~-50~ t al ~nd a--~g~-d to t~o ~ame ~-~ign- ~ tb~ ~r-~-nt appl~atio~. Th- proC~ qploys a de~- ph~- 9~ ~t o~
abo~ th~ critical pre~uro. Th- pha-- of tho de~- pha~-g~ thon h~ftod ~t~n-~ th llqu~d tat- ~nd th superc~itical ~tate bq ~ry~ th temp~r~tur- of th d~o fluid i~ ~ sorio- of top~ b t~ -~ tC~F-r~ture~ ~bo~ and b lo~ th cr~tlc~l to~par~t~r~ of tho d ~ id, ~hlle 2S Da~ntalnin~ tho pr~-~ur bovo t~- ¢rlt~c~l ~ lu . B~a~
pl-~ o~ fluld ~Dclud ~1) bydroc-r~o~ u~h ~ thano, thana, propa~o, butauo, poDt~ ~ h xane, ethyl-~ nd propyle~ 2) halogeDated ~ydroc~rbon~ ch a- t-trafl~
ororeth~o, chlorod~fl~oro~etha~c, ~na p rfl~oropro~
(3) lnorg~A~cJ, ucb a- car~o~ d~ox~d , ~o~, hell~, ~npto~, argo~, ~ulfur h~a~luo~ld , and n~trou- o~ldo~ nd ~ tur-~ th-r o~ alt-r~-ti~o e~bot1 ~st~, th dens- p~a~- ga- ~ay be expo~od to ultraviolot ~V) rad~a-tio~ durlng the clea~ng proce~ or ~ltra-onlc ~n~rgy ~ay 35 be appll~d d~r~g th- cl-~nlng procee~ to aqltat~ tb- den~e pha~- gar ~nd th- ~ub~trae- ~urf~c-.
. .
-21 ~ 2 ~ Ihllo t~i~ proce~ ult~d o~ it~ lnt--nd-d purpo~ t iJ deslr~u to ~?ro~ urt~or ~ro~ #nt~ ~n ~ucl~ cleanl~g proce~-, ~ploy~ng l~exp~ , no~tox~c cl~a~lng ~ ln a sl~lpl~l~ proce~.
S
ac:corda~co ~th tho ~Ye~tlo~, ~do~ t-rial !roD~ a G~IOJ~ trat~ proco~ c~rl~
10 th- ~tQp9 O~ ~) p~4C~llg th~ e co~t~ th ~d -o~t~r~ a cl~a~g oh~er ~ov~d~d ~th c~
tlo~-pYod~cl~g ~e~n~ ) ~troduc~q ~to th~ ~:lo~i cba~ a llq~lafled ~a~ for~d by ~pplyl~ ro~
about 100 ~tmosph-r~ ~103.3 lSg/c~2) or le-~ t a te3~
15 t~ of l~ tb.a~ ~bout SO-C to ~ ~$ect~ ~a~ o~tact-i~g th~ ~u~trato coAtal~g t~- ~dos~ at~x~l ~ith t~o liq~ d ~a~ at ~ t~pe~tur~ t- c~itic~l te~-p~rat~ c) ~xpo~i~g t~o llgu~f~-~l p8 to th~ ca~t~-t1on-produc~nq ~ fo~ riod o~ t~ ~uf~c~e3t to r~-20 ~o th~ u~d~rod ~at~rlal f~Q~ th~ r-Lt .
~ gu~ carbo~ dlo~o ~COa) $~ o~toacl¢
~ubsta~co. ~h- clea~q proce~ llzl~g liq~d CO2 1 r~latl~ely ~i~pl-~ ~Dd co~t~n~t- tak~ d CO2 a~e ~11y re~oY-d thoref~ uc:~ a~ ~ d~c~pr ~8~0~ of 25 tl~ ~ r L~y ~ tio~ o~ co~l~t~ o~ e two.
ltak~ uefl~ q~5 FIG. 1 ~ a cut-a~ay ~e~r of on~ ~:10~n~ ,tess~
ploy~ ~ t~e prac~l~c~ of th- ~ve~t$on ~ ~ ch tho CaQi-t~tio~ a ~o~c~tiDg bo~ placed at t~e top of t}~-G~ g o~
~SG. 2 ~ a cllt-o,way ~ri~ o~ a f~r~t o.lt~
clea~g ~ el ~h~c~ e ~ploy~ t~ pr~ e~ o~
th- inv~ntio~ b~eh o~ son~icat~ ho~ 1~ pl~cod ~ch of th- top ~ ott~ of th~ alea-l~g ch~r~ ~nd - - .. . .. . .. ..
' : . ~. ' ' .' ~ .: ' ~10 ~ s ~
FIG 3 i~ a cut away view of a portion of ~ ~econd alternative cleaning ve3sel whieh may be employed in the practice of the invontio~, ln whlch the ea~itation mean~
comprise~ multiple cavitation nozzle~
t DESCRIPTION O.F Tl~ PRISF8~D EMBODIM131~TS
In accordanee with the pre~nt inventlon, p~t~culato~
and organie filmJ can be removed from solid aurfaeea by utilizing eavitstion, whieh i- used heroin to ~ean tho formation of bubble- or ea~ltle~ in ~ liqult, followot by the collaps~ of the~e bubble-. The no~el aspeet of the proee~s i- the nature of tbe mediu~ u~eds a ~lected liq-uefied gas, whieh 1~ u~ed at a temperature below its crlt-ieal temperature.
The liquefied gas used in the praetiee of the present invention i- cho~en to be a ga- whieh ean b liquefied un-der derate eondltiona of temporature and pre--ure, typi-eally, for praetleal purpo-e~, a pre~ure of le88 than about 100 Atmosphere- (103.3 ~g/em2) and a temperatur~ of about 50-C or le~ In addition, for practieal purpo~e-, it i~ de-irable that the ga~ i~ al-o non-toxie, non-flamma-ble, and doe~ not cau-e a~y damage to the ~nvironment.
Ga~e~ whieh are ~uitable for praetieing tho pre~ent inven-tion inelude, but are not li ited to, car~on dioxide, ni-trou- oxide ~N2O), ulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and xenon, with c~rbon dioxide b~ing t pref-rr~d. In the following di~eu~ion-, carbon ~oxit- i- u-ed a- An xaepl- of on~
ga~ which may b~ u~ed in praetieing the pre-ent inventio~, but it i~ to b~ under-tood that the inveDtion i~ not 80 li~itod.
Càrbon dioxido i~ a~ unl~m;ted, inexpen-ive, nonto~ie, and ea-ily liquefiabl- Datural ro~ource. Oneo liquefied, it offor~ a good, low ~i~co~ity onie~ting ~ediu~, at rola-tively low pre--ure- (about 600 to 1,0~0 pound- per ~qu~re ineh, or about ~2.2 to 73.1 ~g/cm2) and d ld temperatures (about 10- to 30-C). She~e v~lue~ ar- below the eritic~l ...., i . .
., pr~ur- ot ~5.~ ~g~ nd th~ cr~tle~l t-~r~tur- of 3 for CO~.
l!h- c~lt~t~on ffect required in t~- s~r~ctico of the p~ nt l~ tio~ IDay b- produced by ~ean- ~uch ~ ~ tr~
S ~ucor th~t produce~ ~nergy ha~rlAg a frffp~ncy o~ pref-r~ly about 5 t~ 100 ~loh-rt~. Os~ ~x~pl- of ~uc~ tr~du~-~~J ~ouicating ~on~ cri~d ~ ~th r d~t~l ~
r~f-r~nco to ~I6S. 1 ~ d 2. I~ u~ ale-r~ t~ t of tbo ~ t ~nvent~o~, tho c~1tatlon ~y ~ produc~d ~y u-ing ~ k~n c~t~t~o~ ~cr~tlcal flo~' no~ di~-clo~-d, ~or ~x~p~ .S. ~a~ent ~o. ~,9go,a60 to J. Pl-~an~, tho CoDto~t~ O~ ~hlc~ aro h-r-b~ ~corpor~t-~ ~y r~-~r~nc-. S~ ~ucb ~ c~t~t~on no2~1-, a bubblo lr cre-t-d 1~ th~ liquid by loweri~g the hydrody~a~le ~r --ur- ot th 1~qu~d ~olo~ tho va~or ~ro--ur- ot th- llquld. Th bu~bl-o for~d then aoll-p~ he~ t~e Qro~-uro~ qul~lbr~t-.
~Si~ co~1~p~- produc-- ~ory ~lgh pr~ s-- t~ t, 1~ t~r~, prod~e~ hock w~ve~. 5hl~ ~1t-r~ati~ o~i~ont of tbo pr~o~t lnv~nt~oa i- de-cr~b~d f~rthor ~lt~ ~-f-r-~c- to 20 ~G. 3, ~h~ch chow~ u~ ~rray of ca~it-tio~ ~oz-lo-. Alt-r-nati~ th c~ltatlon ff ct r-quired i~ tho ~ractlo- o~
tho Qro t i~ve~tio~ ~ay bo ~roducod bq prop~ r or blad~, a~ 1~ kno~ th- art.
~C. 1 d pict~ xtr-ctor~cl~ ninq ~e-~Ql 10 u~t-~bly ~ployed ~A tho ~ractlco o~ tbc l~ve~lon. ~h~ c1-u~-~ng ~o~ol lO ~o~pd--~ a ~ ll-d c1-~nlDg cba-b r 12 fo~Ded of u~ approprlat- ~t~rl-1, ueh a- ~t ln1e~- t~ nd provltot Y~th ~all- of ~ uf f ~¢l~nt tblc~o~ to ~th~tand tha pre~r~ e~ployed ~ t~o proce~. Th~ cle~lng ch~
30 b~r ~2 ~ ~id~ ~ith a lid ~ o of w:h ~uff~cl~t thic~ b~ cl~ g cb~r 12 ~- f~h~r pro~
~tl~ itat~on ~e~ co~r~ing ~ ~o~c-.ti~g ~o~ 16, whlch 1~ tod b~ duc~r lt ~r~tb. or ~tho~t ~
boo~tor). ~ ~o~ t~g bo~ lC ~ ao~'c~ 3~ tho cle~-35 ln~ cb~r 12 at ~t- ~o~l ~o~t, to allo~ eff~c~ t tran~er ~f the ~on~c ener~ to t1~e l~uld CO~. Tl~ ~os~
16 ~ay ~ ~t-t 1~ th- to~ ha~ in ~IG. 1, i~ both 2 ~
th~ top ~d tho botto~, a- ~ho~m 1LI FIG. 2, ~ t~- botto~, or on th- it-~) of tl~- c:le~g cAa~ 12. alter~ r -ly, the bor~ls) 16 ~nd t~dllc~ ay both be 10~t-d ~ntlr-1~ w~ n th~ c1~ 3g c~e~ 12. Th~ ts~duc~r ~-S e~rgl2~ ~y ~ generator 20, u~w~r~ ~- (not ~hown) .
~he ~l~rf~co ~rea of ~h hor~ 16 (o~ ~y of ~or~
the ~l-t~c- of t~- ho~ fro~ the ~ trat~ t~
g~n~r~tor p~r ~nd t~sduc~r oper~t~on~l fr~-ncl~
10 dep~-At o~ the ~rtic~l~ aontad~e~ etr~tc~ ~-~ng tr~t~. G-n~r~ r, placl~g t~ hor~ ~C c1O~ to t~
t~ ~d d~o~sa~g th horn ~ Qlt ~ ~
into~ BO~le: agitatlo~ crea~ t~ bora ~ ~11 r -~ult ~ ~ lo~r g~t~tion l~ icb 1~ t o~r~r -15 1 OEr ~-T~- cloan~lg c~or 12 1~ furt~-r ~orld~d ~th C02 inl-t ~ 22 ~nd outl-t ~an~ 24. C~t~onall~ t~rr~
26 ~ t;~ t~ 11guld ~ oAlc-t10n ord-r to ~alnt~ln a ~ t~tlall~ un~or~ ta~ at~, ~1, ~a~c-, ~do~ ~il1bri~ co~ t10n~ pr~ d t-r-tb~ t~peratu~ t~tlall~ o~ pr~
to bo ¢l~ ¢~te~ ~t 2~ u~
~ ~ a ~ .to holdc~, uch a~ ~-lt t 30, ~ thu- ~y b~ co~t~cte~ ~y C02 Sor r~val of ~d~r~d ~t~r~l.
2S Ad~tlo~lly, th cl-a~g ch~r ~ iAco~por~t- :
tsr~l r~d-tanc- h~t~g ole~t 31, ext-~l cool~
j~c~cot 32, nd then~ocoupl- ~oll 33 ~h~:h as ~ to ~
~a~ th~ rogu~r d te~r~t~ th cl~ ~r. S~ - -t~ prc~ure g~l~g- (or pres-~ tr~a~c~) 3g ~ay 30 ~ ~d to det~ e ~d control th ~ ln tbe el~
~q ch~ 12 . ~I!h- cleu~lDq chu~ 12 ~y ~pt~o~ally : -h~Y~ wt show~) to ~ccod~t ~ e~ al l~
1Q~1 ~dlcator (not ~ho~m) to lndlcat- tb~o 1-~-1 o~
C2 ~ ch~r 1~.
Sb~ p~ra~t-r- o~ ~on~catlon ~clu~ t~ e~tu~e ~d pro~ o~ th l~ and th ~oD~cat~g~ conditio~s ~`
lfroq~o~q, t~ of ~on~c-t~on, ~tc.~ ca~ iox~
, . . . , , :, . .: , ,, :, . " ,,, . - ., . ~
2~a1 1~-12 or otb~r ga~ t b~ tt~ t~t~ nc-, 'cho p r~tu~- ~d ~r--Jur~ t ~ tb triple polnt ~
-57-C ~t 75 pou~d- por ~ re lncb, or 5.3 l~gtc~ for COI) .
Purth~n~or-, ~h- te~r~turo ~-e ~ tb- ~lt~c~l S temp~ratur~ pre~u~- ~ay ~ olth~r ~ o~ bolo~
crlt~eal pr~Jur-, but ~o~ ~o ~g~ t nDle a~ tatloll lo pro~ t~l. C~rlt~tlon ~rould ~o ~od-t ae pre--ur-- ~out 200 p~l (14.1 ~9/~) ~r- tb- ~tur~l ~ ~r p~ t ~ gl~r~ te~r~t~
Pro2~r~1y, the t~r~t~- ra~-~ bout 18-C to just ~lo~ t~- crlt~al ~lu, i~¢- th al-aD~g p-r~o~-D~ce d~r~ r 18-C ~d ~o~ tbo ¢rlt~cal ~lu-.
~nd r ~a~1~ co~d~t1--n~, th p~ ~o 1~ fl~
te~ratn thue p~2ab1y r~ ~ rr ~t 820 lS pound~ p~ ~are lDch ~xmt 57.7 ~q/c~) to ~t b la~ tho crit~ - fo~ earbo~ ~o~da.
~he ~r~ t proc~ doo~ wt a~r to ~e~d o~
~tiGnl~lr nltratc~e froquon~, ~ ~y Or ~ re~
ly a~ 71e appar~t~- ~y be ~d. Co~sci l ~ o~lc g~Der~'tos~ t~pic~lly opsr~ta at ~ freq~ cy of ~bo~t 20 to 90 ~llo~ , a~t th~ q-nerato~ ~t~goo~-ly o~
ployod 1~ t~o pr~otlc- of th pr --~t l~tloA. .
pllt~o of t~o ro~ Ya~o c~ z~ge fro~ a~t : :
~0 to 220 a~crc~tore. 819~-r ~pllt~d ~ ~111 z-~lt gzeat-r Jc~biAg ~ for )~d-to-r~ ~rtic~l~t~
I.4WBZ ~plitud ~ ~y ~ rqulsod to ~t br ~ag~ of fr~gf1e ~tr~t~.
ID OPer t~OD~ th ~1-- 2~ tO ~ C~ ~trO--dUCCd ~tO t~ Ch~ Ch~r 12. ~lguld ~ th n ~-trOdUCe~ ~tO t~ C1~an~g Cha~r 12 tbrOUg~ t 22 fr~
a ~O~rC~ hOW~ r COI~trO~ O~IItiOUr Of f1O~r rat~ t~r~t~r, a~ Pr~ DOm ~ tl~
q!he 1 trOdUC- I ~t ~ tea~r~tUZO ~1O~ t~O
cr~t~ lu ~or CO~,, o,c ~n~c~t~ ~. T~per~t~ c~
3S b~ co~t~oll~ it~r ~ fllll~q t.h~ ¢hu~s ~ pr--heat~
or cool~ uid C02 or l~y h ~ti~g or coo~ t~ c~r.
Ros~ll~, t~- pre~ 1 be fl.~ y th~ v~por ~r-~
2 :~ 9 ~
of t 2 at ~ giv~n t~peratur-. lt ~y b~ to~lr~ u ~o~
ca~ to pro~ld- incroa-ffl pr~ur~ l~a ord ~ to prod~uc~
~nore ~rlqorou8 ca~itatlon. ~o ~xo~ld- th~ ~d~tlo~ re--~ur~ a no~contQD~lbl- ga~ a q-~ ~ia~ not llq-S uofl-d ~t th- te9~r~tu~o ~ ch th- ~oc-~- o~ th- ~-~r~l~tion i~ co~duct~ ch ~- ~trogo~ trod~c~
to th- oha~r by ~a~- of . cwpr~or o~ ~lgh ~re~
ga- c~l~d r. Additio~ re~ o c~ ~l~o ~ ~ovid~l ~y flllll~g tl~ ¢ha~ co~et~ly ~11 o~ l~d ~0~ ~a eon-10 troll3,~g th~ pr~ of t~ I~lot or o~tl t ~t~e-~.
So~cat~ou i- thon ~pl~ t th- abo~-~c~td f~e-cy ~d uq?litudo. ~!h t~ of ~ tla~ 1- d ~l~dQnt o~ th~ ~art~c~l~ 6~1- b~l~S s:l~ ~ th~ l~at~ o th~ u~ d ~t-r~al, or co~t~n~t, to ~ ra~.
7~ D~ o~ot ~ ~posP~ t.~ O~c-t~Q~ fo~ prolo~ged perio~ of t~ th otS r b~, ea~ at-x~-~1~ ta~c loDg-s to ~8 t~ oth~r-. S~lo ~ori~nt~-tio~ ~11 d t~ o opti~ ti~ for ~o~c~t~o~ to ro~
~t~t~ll~r all cont~n~t~ g~ onica~ol~ for 20 At lel--t ~out 30 ~con~ x~ctod to r~o ~ t~-t~l ~OU~It of th cont~i~t~tJ, ~ ~ o~ o~oln: 5 ~n~to~ ~ly ~ e c~ c~eYor, u~
c~ c~t~nce~, ~v~ furt~ r ~o~c-tlo~ ~y ~ ro-qu~, ~o~ tho rea~o~ t~totl a~ .
2~ as th- coopl~tio~l of t~ ~oD~c~tlo~ cyel~ id C02 p~rg- 1- ~lti~tod. ~olla~g tl~o p~rqo t~, th~ ch~er CA~ ~ do-prs--ed for ro~r~l of t~ ~pl, or, th~
cleanl~g t~p cu~ b~ re~te~ r~ d. To det~n~3~ 1~
tho ~ple 1~ ~ff~ tly cl~, v~su~ p~Ct~o~ of tb-30 ~ t- or ~a~r~entJ of ~ lat~ co~ ntrat~o~
~d~o~ p~ c~ of org~nlc f~l~s s~y ~# ~d, ~- ~ppro~
p~ at-.
~ J~ a ~th r ~bod~ant of tl~e ~r~tlo~l, th~ ~le~
2~ to b- cl-an d a~ d~ i~ the cl~ c~r ~, 35 wh~ clo~ urged ~t~ ga- for ~ pre~-t~-~ed pr~o~ o~ t~. S~ cha~ z-~lz~d ~I heat-to ~ ~lt~ arltics~l l~ol ~ic~ i~ det~r~n~
.
2 1 ~ 2 the ~ lc cont~lnan'.- an~ ~ub~tr~t--, t~ r~ '.,h~
bulk of t~ ~r~nlc cont~-l~t~on. S~clflc~lly, both t~o pressur~ ~ tc~poraturo aro ad~u~ted to oxceo~l th cr~t~-cal ~aluo~ ~or CO~. ~he ~npl- ~ expo~ to CO2 ~ ~:h-5 den~o~ o~ ~up~rcr~t~c~l, p~la3~ for a ~r~.l of t3~e ~hlcb1~ ~ufflcloat to d~Jo~ cOI~ta~r~ t- ~h~c~ ol~
u~rcr~tic-l CO~ ~r~f-rr-d to h-r~n ~ ol~lo collt~-n~l~t~
~h- te~oraturo ~ th ~ reduo~l ~lo~ c~t~c~l 10 ~r~lue to liqu ~y th- C02. So~t~c~tla~ o~ t~ ll~ld CO~ 1-i~iti~t-d to r~ove ~tic~l-,te- ~d/or o~qu~l fll~ co~-ta~natlo~ ~ic~ i- dlff~ lt to ~o~, A- d~cril~ed abovo. q!~- tep- o~ 'croat~eDt by ~o~ic~tio~ ~ tr at~t ~th ~u~?srcr~t~c~l C02 ~y 2~o ro~eat~l - ~ t~
requi~l to cloa~ e ~ple.
Tn anoth r ~bodl~n~ of th- ln~ ntlon, t~ ~l~ to ol~n~ ~e troat~l in ~ccordanc~ o ~roco-- o~
th~ ~re~t ~v-nt~ o~ a~d a~o ~ gue~tl~ ct-ll to den~e pha-- q~- cl~ g by r~pr-~url~g ~d r~ ~t~g the C02 to ~up~r~:ri1:ic~ co~dltlon~ tep procQ~-~- u~e~ul, for ~pl-, to r~ os~ct ~l~t~e- of p r-t~c~ te~ ~d ~olubl- co~tu~i~t-. ~ t-p of t~o~t~os~t w~th up~rer~t~c~ ~ tr-at~t ~y oll~c~tion ~y rep~at~ ~ ~ny ti~ ~ r~uirod to cl-~ t~ ~p1-.
2S I~ ~oth r ~d~nt o th pr~ t ~no~tlo~, clo~ot 100p, r-c~ ti~g 11gu~d C03 re~ n rat~ ~y-t~
~- ~loq~ h3~h t~ re~ovQd co~t~t~ ~ th~t orga~e or p~tieu1at-) eu~ ~ ~eadil~ ep r~t-d fro~ th-ea~ltatio~ . ~- ¢~ ~o ~ceoepl~hed ~th r ~y d -co~pr~ o~, fi1tr~tlo~l, or a Co~tiOl~ of ~oth. ~y t~
d~o~rs~o~ of t2~ id C02, ~eou- C02 ~- fon~ ~Dd the ~o~ta~t~ -~Ato out in eo~co~tr t~ fos~ th~t for ea~y ~poJa1. Th- e1ea~ gA~ CO;~ reDalni~g 1J tllen r~co~e~-ed to t~c liq~ld tate ~ th e1~u~ liq-u~l C02 1~ to~ to th clea~ ch~ 12. To ~-¢o~1~ proco--~ t~ 11quef~od g~- co~talAi~g t}~
cont~ln~t~ i- tr~n~ortod out o~ tho chu~r 12 th~oug~
outlot ~e~n~ a~ to ~ ~cro~t~ont un~t ln~t .~ n)~ 1 tb-trc~ nt u~lt, tb~ contu~n-t~d llqu-f~d ~ d~
pre~d ~nd/or 11tor~1 9.~ indic-t~ ~. r~o ~
~lqu~d C02 1~ th~n tr~ t-d ~ t~b~ng lnot ~how~ to ch~b~r 12 through lnlot ~e~l~ ~a.
qArlou- 1~urf-c-~- ~ th ~l~ctro~lc, ~ c~ ltO~
ti~- and ~ro~p~ce ~ ld~ ~y ~o cloan~l ~ th- ~oco~- o~
tho ~ ent~O~ h- 17roco~- of tl~o ~-~t1Q~ el to cl~an ~ wl~o var~et~ o 9~b~tr~t~ ~o~od of ~loty o~
~at~r~al~. $~ pr~ t p~ J O~ roll-~dap~d ~o~ cloa~lng co~l h~d~o ~t~t ~9 dl a~
bl~. So~ ace~lar~ al~g ~ppl~c~tlo~ d~- d fl~x-ing of ~old r-d com~ectora d ~ te~ c~o~t board~; sa~al o~ photor~ t~ ~ro~ tr~t~-; t cont~-nat~ol~ of cl~ning ~d~ ~uc3~ a- cottou or So~rt~pp~l ~licato~, wip~r-, glo~o-, otc.~ degr~g of co~l-x h~rd~r~ ~d d~co~t~ll~tlon of al~c~e~ r, and ~ce~aft co~ clading p~, t~ fo~
e~-, ri~ t~, in~ulat~on, hou~ , lino~ , opt~c~l bench a8E~ hoat ~ , ~itch~, ~dcet~, ~Dd act~
metal ca~g~. Cont~t IDat-r~ ~ch ~ r~o~t fro~ trat~ ccor~ce ~ t~ t ~vo~t~oa include, b~t are ~IOt l~t~ to, oll, gr ~ br~c~t-, wld~r fl~ r~idu~ hoto~e~i-t, p~tlc~l~toc co~pr~g inorq~c or orq~lc ~t~r~al~ e~i~ r ~ la-tl~
c~s~ ct~d ~ono~-, dye~, ~ dl-l ct~c fl~a~b.
~1c~ trat-- froo ~ch cont~t~ ~y b~ re~d by tho pro~ent proco~ clud~ t ~r- wt l~t~ to, tEate- ~oDIed o~ t~l, n~b r, ~ tlc, cotton, c-l-lulo~, c~r~c~ d oth r organ~c or ~o~ oo~pol~ndJ.
The ~ to~ ~pl- or c~pl~ co~flguration~
~d ~y ~clude i~t-r-tlt~ pac~ Yh~ch u~o d~f~cu~t to clean by other k~ n ~dd~tio~, th ~tr-t-~ay l~ e fon~ o2 ~t~ulat- ~atter o~ otl~r ~in 3~ dlv~do~ ~at~rial. $ho ~nt ~ tlo~ ba~ a~pllcatio~ to gro-~ cl~g pro~ c~ ~ d~gr-a~g, r~ral ot t~p r~ , ~d f~ctlo~al ~luid se~n~ al~o ~1 2~.QI ~L2 ~pecl~ w~ c~t~d fo~ p~ lo~ al~tJ-~ing ot compl-x hardwar~ to hlg~ l~v-l~ of Gle~lln~
F.~ t-~w~y ~tl~ o~ t ~lt~ tlv~
cl~anlr~g ~ hlch ~ay be ~ploy~d ~ pr~ct loing ~,o 5 pres~nt imr-ntion, ~n ~b~h ~ultlpl- ~oc1c~tln~ ~or u~ r~f-r-~¢- d-~lgnatlon~ G. 2 ar- th~
~a~o a- tho~- u~ lC. 1. ~ PIG. 2, th clea~g cha~r ~,2 1~ pro~ th a ~oalc~ti~g ho~ 1~
actiY~t~ ~y ~ tr~tua~ (~t~ out a ~ t~r), ~q 10 ~ou~t~g th ~o~e-t~g ho~ ~ t21~ ~ld 1~ ~ tS oy--t~ o~ ~C. 1. I~ ~IG. 2, tl~e cl~ g o~r 1~ ~- fur-the~ l?r~ld~ ~th ~ ~eoond ~o~ t~g horu 3~ ~oDd tra~ s 3~ ottc~ ~ .0 o~ thc c~r. q!~
con1gur-tion ho~ la ~I~. 2, uoing t~o o~c~tl~g ~or~-, 1S prov~d - ~lfosa o~cat~o~l th~oughol~t tS cba~
~riatlo~J o~ thi- conflgu~atlo~ be u~ ~rlt~ t~ ~o~-icat1J~9 hon~ r~lou~ at~o~ tlto top ~ ~d otto~ d ~11-, or ~otS ~ of t~
ch~or 1~. ror ~c of ~llu-trat1Ot~, hoatl~ l~nt ~"
20 coolinq ~clcet 3~ n~ouple ~cll 33, pr~ g~ug~ 3~., and ~tlr~or 26 hav~ o~tted ro~ F~;- 2, )~t ~o ~-cluded i~ thl~ t of th- pre~a~t ~r~ti ~ tl~e r a~ ho~ ~ G. 1.
PI~. 3 1J ~ cut-~way ~ r of ~ portlo~ 0~ tho clea~ g 25 ch~er for ~ co~d ~lt r~t~v clcaD~ ~e-sel ~ch ~y be e~Dpl~ ct~l~g t210 pr~ t l~ tlo~, ~ ~ah ~ltlpl- c ~it~t~o~ o~ r- ~ ~ll~o~t of the ~ ~tlol~, th ~ ca~o~ol~t- r- ~ r 1~ r~G.
1, e~tc~pt t~t t~ ~on~c~tloll ho~ 1~~ the 30 c~eani:~g c~ 12 of FlG. 1 1~ ~oplac~ lth ol-anl~g cha~r 50 ~ho~m ~ FIG. 3. I~ach ~ll o~ th- cb~r ~0 co~prl~e~ ~ ~rr~ o~ ca~itatlon nozzle- 5~ whlcll ~o foDed l~t-gral nth tho cha~r ~ll, ~cb ~ rlll~g ho10~ of ~prol?rl~to lon~ ~ th~ c~r ~11. ~iq~
35 u-flod g~- fro~ ourc (not ~hff~) un~ r cont~oll~ co~-~lt~o~ ot tlo~ r~t-, to~er~tllr, a~d ~e~ur~ tro-d~c-~l ~to th~ c~ 0 throug~ t #~- 5~ nd ~.
~2 ~ S~o lsqu-f~ed ga~ to tb~ 0~ theJa througb tho ~ozsl-~ 5;~ an~ to th~ ~lea~ln~ ~on- ~2, dhic~
hsld~ tbo ~ubst,r~t- (not ~ho~m) to ~e clean~
lsl th- art~ th- pre~ur~ at th~- ~ourco ~u~t ~ ~u~flclelltl,y hlgh to pro~uc~ tho flo~.r v~ ty at t21~ ~0~21~ wblch ~11 pro~rlde th~ r~u~s~d pr~ ro drop to ~oduc~ o~.
op~lo~all~ ahu~ 50 ~ay furth-r cos prl~ y of G~rltatlo~ 02~ 5~ ~ ~ o~t~ to~ t~S~
op rat$o~ cloa~ 1 og ~IC. 3 1~
~ th~ 9 7~1~E~l of ~IG. 1 xco~t t~t th~ ca~tation slozz10~ ~ tSo fo~ s~ ~a~t~sn hor~ t~ 1~t'c~s. Su~t~lo c~itatio~ no~ CQ~
2ci~ v~ or ox~1~, fxo~ ~o~c ~Jlgin~r~g Co~poratlo~, 210r~altc, Co~cti~t.
Bx~p1-- of ~7~acti~- of t)~o pr~at l~r9~ltlo~ e ~ -follo~.
~ , .
P1~t$c (a~sy1ic) p~ contam~ n~t~ alu~n~ ~ -oxi.d~ ~tic1~ ~c~ r di~et~ clos~
r~io~ aid C02 a~t so~cat~ o~ 9 , c12~1 v~el o~ the t~ d~cr~d ~ith r-fore~:~ to PS~
bl~ S b~ t~ tha po~ app1i~ to t~ l~ltra~o~c 2S trastu~uc~r 18, th~ t~at~ of th~ d COa, th~ nod-nal pr~uro of CO~ ~ po~d~ ~o ~cl~, p~
Rg/c~;2), th t~D of ~o~cat~o~, a~d th~ a~q E~tl~g.
T~ ~r ~ally ~-pectod, a~ t a v~l~
f~ 1 to S, ~th 5 ~ing t~o le~t co~'ca~ted. Tn p~-tlc~ al~ o 1 i~dlcat~ llght ha20 o~ pla~-t~c pa~ 8 ro6~1t o~ cont~io~ o~ Sh~
tlcle-; a,ralu~ of S i~d~c~t~d al~ t to~1 ~ nc~ o~
e10~.
-.' '' ' ':,. ' ', ', . ' '~ :, , : - . . ' ' . ; . '.`,~ .`; ! ' ' : : ' . :. ' ' ' .~ . :
~3 21Q~
~able I Clennlng D~ta Power Supply Temperaturc Pre~ure T~e Rating ~watt~ C~ p~i Ra/c~2 ~sec~
37S 22 900 63 3 lO
375 10 ~00 49 2 600 In thi~ Ex~pl-, tho 375 ~nd 600 w4tt powor upplio-20 were Tekm4r Son~c Di~ruptor-, o~t~ined from $ekm~r of Cincinnati, O~io, at a frequency of 20 kilohertz. The ~on-icating horn 16 w4~ 0.50 ~nch (1 27 c~), provided with 5 inch (12 7 c~) extender-.
T~ble I demon~trate~ that for thi- 4ppl~cAtion bett-r cle~ning i~ obt4ined at high r temperature- and pre~ure~
and at high~r power ~nd ~onication ti~e Th ~ffect of th te~perature of the l~qu~d CO2 on the sonic norgy input ~a- tud~od T~ble II bel~w l~t- the energy i~put data for ultra~on~c~ ~n l~qu~d C02. Th ~olu f C2 ~ each ca~o wa- 5.7 liter-. In T~bl~ II, T
temper~ture 4nd P i~ pre-~ur-.
Table II ~nergy Input D~ta Sonic~tion P~ramet-r~ ld P-ran-t-r~ _ S ~o~r Supply Output control ~ P Pow r Output ~V~tt-l _ S~ttinq l-C~ D~ tto) 600100 22 920 ~1.7'7~
231020 '~1-7~0 221~7S 61-S 20 0 375100 22 9~0 66-~ ~2 .
375100 1~1~20 57-7 ~S
17 800 5~.2~S
18 8~0 5~ 5 :
600100 la a20 S7-7 20 ~8 830 S~-~ 13 18 830 58.~ S
The data in Table II provide n mea~ure of how well cavitation in the liquid C02 occur~ a~ a re~ult of energy transferrod to the flui~. Specifically, at lower tempora-ture~, the power output dxop~ considorably.
Thu~, thero ha- been di~closed a proce-- for r~moving contaminant~ fro~ ~ubstrate~, u~ing liquefied ga-. It wlll be appreciated by tho-e killed i~ the art tbat ~riou-DK~di~ication- ~nd change- of an obviou~ natur~ ~ay b~ ~ado without departlng froo th~ cope of the inv~ntion, ~nd all such modification~ and change- are intended to fall within the gcope of the invention, a~ defined by the ~ppended clai~s.
"' ,'."' ,, ,~' ' ' : ~' ";'
. .
-21 ~ 2 ~ Ihllo t~i~ proce~ ult~d o~ it~ lnt--nd-d purpo~ t iJ deslr~u to ~?ro~ urt~or ~ro~ #nt~ ~n ~ucl~ cleanl~g proce~-, ~ploy~ng l~exp~ , no~tox~c cl~a~lng ~ ln a sl~lpl~l~ proce~.
S
ac:corda~co ~th tho ~Ye~tlo~, ~do~ t-rial !roD~ a G~IOJ~ trat~ proco~ c~rl~
10 th- ~tQp9 O~ ~) p~4C~llg th~ e co~t~ th ~d -o~t~r~ a cl~a~g oh~er ~ov~d~d ~th c~
tlo~-pYod~cl~g ~e~n~ ) ~troduc~q ~to th~ ~:lo~i cba~ a llq~lafled ~a~ for~d by ~pplyl~ ro~
about 100 ~tmosph-r~ ~103.3 lSg/c~2) or le-~ t a te3~
15 t~ of l~ tb.a~ ~bout SO-C to ~ ~$ect~ ~a~ o~tact-i~g th~ ~u~trato coAtal~g t~- ~dos~ at~x~l ~ith t~o liq~ d ~a~ at ~ t~pe~tur~ t- c~itic~l te~-p~rat~ c) ~xpo~i~g t~o llgu~f~-~l p8 to th~ ca~t~-t1on-produc~nq ~ fo~ riod o~ t~ ~uf~c~e3t to r~-20 ~o th~ u~d~rod ~at~rlal f~Q~ th~ r-Lt .
~ gu~ carbo~ dlo~o ~COa) $~ o~toacl¢
~ubsta~co. ~h- clea~q proce~ llzl~g liq~d CO2 1 r~latl~ely ~i~pl-~ ~Dd co~t~n~t- tak~ d CO2 a~e ~11y re~oY-d thoref~ uc:~ a~ ~ d~c~pr ~8~0~ of 25 tl~ ~ r L~y ~ tio~ o~ co~l~t~ o~ e two.
ltak~ uefl~ q~5 FIG. 1 ~ a cut-a~ay ~e~r of on~ ~:10~n~ ,tess~
ploy~ ~ t~e prac~l~c~ of th- ~ve~t$on ~ ~ ch tho CaQi-t~tio~ a ~o~c~tiDg bo~ placed at t~e top of t}~-G~ g o~
~SG. 2 ~ a cllt-o,way ~ri~ o~ a f~r~t o.lt~
clea~g ~ el ~h~c~ e ~ploy~ t~ pr~ e~ o~
th- inv~ntio~ b~eh o~ son~icat~ ho~ 1~ pl~cod ~ch of th- top ~ ott~ of th~ alea-l~g ch~r~ ~nd - - .. . .. . .. ..
' : . ~. ' ' .' ~ .: ' ~10 ~ s ~
FIG 3 i~ a cut away view of a portion of ~ ~econd alternative cleaning ve3sel whieh may be employed in the practice of the invontio~, ln whlch the ea~itation mean~
comprise~ multiple cavitation nozzle~
t DESCRIPTION O.F Tl~ PRISF8~D EMBODIM131~TS
In accordanee with the pre~nt inventlon, p~t~culato~
and organie filmJ can be removed from solid aurfaeea by utilizing eavitstion, whieh i- used heroin to ~ean tho formation of bubble- or ea~ltle~ in ~ liqult, followot by the collaps~ of the~e bubble-. The no~el aspeet of the proee~s i- the nature of tbe mediu~ u~eds a ~lected liq-uefied gas, whieh 1~ u~ed at a temperature below its crlt-ieal temperature.
The liquefied gas used in the praetiee of the present invention i- cho~en to be a ga- whieh ean b liquefied un-der derate eondltiona of temporature and pre--ure, typi-eally, for praetleal purpo-e~, a pre~ure of le88 than about 100 Atmosphere- (103.3 ~g/em2) and a temperatur~ of about 50-C or le~ In addition, for practieal purpo~e-, it i~ de-irable that the ga~ i~ al-o non-toxie, non-flamma-ble, and doe~ not cau-e a~y damage to the ~nvironment.
Ga~e~ whieh are ~uitable for praetieing tho pre~ent inven-tion inelude, but are not li ited to, car~on dioxide, ni-trou- oxide ~N2O), ulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and xenon, with c~rbon dioxide b~ing t pref-rr~d. In the following di~eu~ion-, carbon ~oxit- i- u-ed a- An xaepl- of on~
ga~ which may b~ u~ed in praetieing the pre-ent inventio~, but it i~ to b~ under-tood that the inveDtion i~ not 80 li~itod.
Càrbon dioxido i~ a~ unl~m;ted, inexpen-ive, nonto~ie, and ea-ily liquefiabl- Datural ro~ource. Oneo liquefied, it offor~ a good, low ~i~co~ity onie~ting ~ediu~, at rola-tively low pre--ure- (about 600 to 1,0~0 pound- per ~qu~re ineh, or about ~2.2 to 73.1 ~g/cm2) and d ld temperatures (about 10- to 30-C). She~e v~lue~ ar- below the eritic~l ...., i . .
., pr~ur- ot ~5.~ ~g~ nd th~ cr~tle~l t-~r~tur- of 3 for CO~.
l!h- c~lt~t~on ffect required in t~- s~r~ctico of the p~ nt l~ tio~ IDay b- produced by ~ean- ~uch ~ ~ tr~
S ~ucor th~t produce~ ~nergy ha~rlAg a frffp~ncy o~ pref-r~ly about 5 t~ 100 ~loh-rt~. Os~ ~x~pl- of ~uc~ tr~du~-~~J ~ouicating ~on~ cri~d ~ ~th r d~t~l ~
r~f-r~nco to ~I6S. 1 ~ d 2. I~ u~ ale-r~ t~ t of tbo ~ t ~nvent~o~, tho c~1tatlon ~y ~ produc~d ~y u-ing ~ k~n c~t~t~o~ ~cr~tlcal flo~' no~ di~-clo~-d, ~or ~x~p~ .S. ~a~ent ~o. ~,9go,a60 to J. Pl-~an~, tho CoDto~t~ O~ ~hlc~ aro h-r-b~ ~corpor~t-~ ~y r~-~r~nc-. S~ ~ucb ~ c~t~t~on no2~1-, a bubblo lr cre-t-d 1~ th~ liquid by loweri~g the hydrody~a~le ~r --ur- ot th 1~qu~d ~olo~ tho va~or ~ro--ur- ot th- llquld. Th bu~bl-o for~d then aoll-p~ he~ t~e Qro~-uro~ qul~lbr~t-.
~Si~ co~1~p~- produc-- ~ory ~lgh pr~ s-- t~ t, 1~ t~r~, prod~e~ hock w~ve~. 5hl~ ~1t-r~ati~ o~i~ont of tbo pr~o~t lnv~nt~oa i- de-cr~b~d f~rthor ~lt~ ~-f-r-~c- to 20 ~G. 3, ~h~ch chow~ u~ ~rray of ca~it-tio~ ~oz-lo-. Alt-r-nati~ th c~ltatlon ff ct r-quired i~ tho ~ractlo- o~
tho Qro t i~ve~tio~ ~ay bo ~roducod bq prop~ r or blad~, a~ 1~ kno~ th- art.
~C. 1 d pict~ xtr-ctor~cl~ ninq ~e-~Ql 10 u~t-~bly ~ployed ~A tho ~ractlco o~ tbc l~ve~lon. ~h~ c1-u~-~ng ~o~ol lO ~o~pd--~ a ~ ll-d c1-~nlDg cba-b r 12 fo~Ded of u~ approprlat- ~t~rl-1, ueh a- ~t ln1e~- t~ nd provltot Y~th ~all- of ~ uf f ~¢l~nt tblc~o~ to ~th~tand tha pre~r~ e~ployed ~ t~o proce~. Th~ cle~lng ch~
30 b~r ~2 ~ ~id~ ~ith a lid ~ o of w:h ~uff~cl~t thic~ b~ cl~ g cb~r 12 ~- f~h~r pro~
~tl~ itat~on ~e~ co~r~ing ~ ~o~c-.ti~g ~o~ 16, whlch 1~ tod b~ duc~r lt ~r~tb. or ~tho~t ~
boo~tor). ~ ~o~ t~g bo~ lC ~ ao~'c~ 3~ tho cle~-35 ln~ cb~r 12 at ~t- ~o~l ~o~t, to allo~ eff~c~ t tran~er ~f the ~on~c ener~ to t1~e l~uld CO~. Tl~ ~os~
16 ~ay ~ ~t-t 1~ th- to~ ha~ in ~IG. 1, i~ both 2 ~
th~ top ~d tho botto~, a- ~ho~m 1LI FIG. 2, ~ t~- botto~, or on th- it-~) of tl~- c:le~g cAa~ 12. alter~ r -ly, the bor~ls) 16 ~nd t~dllc~ ay both be 10~t-d ~ntlr-1~ w~ n th~ c1~ 3g c~e~ 12. Th~ ts~duc~r ~-S e~rgl2~ ~y ~ generator 20, u~w~r~ ~- (not ~hown) .
~he ~l~rf~co ~rea of ~h hor~ 16 (o~ ~y of ~or~
the ~l-t~c- of t~- ho~ fro~ the ~ trat~ t~
g~n~r~tor p~r ~nd t~sduc~r oper~t~on~l fr~-ncl~
10 dep~-At o~ the ~rtic~l~ aontad~e~ etr~tc~ ~-~ng tr~t~. G-n~r~ r, placl~g t~ hor~ ~C c1O~ to t~
t~ ~d d~o~sa~g th horn ~ Qlt ~ ~
into~ BO~le: agitatlo~ crea~ t~ bora ~ ~11 r -~ult ~ ~ lo~r g~t~tion l~ icb 1~ t o~r~r -15 1 OEr ~-T~- cloan~lg c~or 12 1~ furt~-r ~orld~d ~th C02 inl-t ~ 22 ~nd outl-t ~an~ 24. C~t~onall~ t~rr~
26 ~ t;~ t~ 11guld ~ oAlc-t10n ord-r to ~alnt~ln a ~ t~tlall~ un~or~ ta~ at~, ~1, ~a~c-, ~do~ ~il1bri~ co~ t10n~ pr~ d t-r-tb~ t~peratu~ t~tlall~ o~ pr~
to bo ¢l~ ¢~te~ ~t 2~ u~
~ ~ a ~ .to holdc~, uch a~ ~-lt t 30, ~ thu- ~y b~ co~t~cte~ ~y C02 Sor r~val of ~d~r~d ~t~r~l.
2S Ad~tlo~lly, th cl-a~g ch~r ~ iAco~por~t- :
tsr~l r~d-tanc- h~t~g ole~t 31, ext-~l cool~
j~c~cot 32, nd then~ocoupl- ~oll 33 ~h~:h as ~ to ~
~a~ th~ rogu~r d te~r~t~ th cl~ ~r. S~ - -t~ prc~ure g~l~g- (or pres-~ tr~a~c~) 3g ~ay 30 ~ ~d to det~ e ~d control th ~ ln tbe el~
~q ch~ 12 . ~I!h- cleu~lDq chu~ 12 ~y ~pt~o~ally : -h~Y~ wt show~) to ~ccod~t ~ e~ al l~
1Q~1 ~dlcator (not ~ho~m) to lndlcat- tb~o 1-~-1 o~
C2 ~ ch~r 1~.
Sb~ p~ra~t-r- o~ ~on~catlon ~clu~ t~ e~tu~e ~d pro~ o~ th l~ and th ~oD~cat~g~ conditio~s ~`
lfroq~o~q, t~ of ~on~c-t~on, ~tc.~ ca~ iox~
, . . . , , :, . .: , ,, :, . " ,,, . - ., . ~
2~a1 1~-12 or otb~r ga~ t b~ tt~ t~t~ nc-, 'cho p r~tu~- ~d ~r--Jur~ t ~ tb triple polnt ~
-57-C ~t 75 pou~d- por ~ re lncb, or 5.3 l~gtc~ for COI) .
Purth~n~or-, ~h- te~r~turo ~-e ~ tb- ~lt~c~l S temp~ratur~ pre~u~- ~ay ~ olth~r ~ o~ bolo~
crlt~eal pr~Jur-, but ~o~ ~o ~g~ t nDle a~ tatloll lo pro~ t~l. C~rlt~tlon ~rould ~o ~od-t ae pre--ur-- ~out 200 p~l (14.1 ~9/~) ~r- tb- ~tur~l ~ ~r p~ t ~ gl~r~ te~r~t~
Pro2~r~1y, the t~r~t~- ra~-~ bout 18-C to just ~lo~ t~- crlt~al ~lu, i~¢- th al-aD~g p-r~o~-D~ce d~r~ r 18-C ~d ~o~ tbo ¢rlt~cal ~lu-.
~nd r ~a~1~ co~d~t1--n~, th p~ ~o 1~ fl~
te~ratn thue p~2ab1y r~ ~ rr ~t 820 lS pound~ p~ ~are lDch ~xmt 57.7 ~q/c~) to ~t b la~ tho crit~ - fo~ earbo~ ~o~da.
~he ~r~ t proc~ doo~ wt a~r to ~e~d o~
~tiGnl~lr nltratc~e froquon~, ~ ~y Or ~ re~
ly a~ 71e appar~t~- ~y be ~d. Co~sci l ~ o~lc g~Der~'tos~ t~pic~lly opsr~ta at ~ freq~ cy of ~bo~t 20 to 90 ~llo~ , a~t th~ q-nerato~ ~t~goo~-ly o~
ployod 1~ t~o pr~otlc- of th pr --~t l~tloA. .
pllt~o of t~o ro~ Ya~o c~ z~ge fro~ a~t : :
~0 to 220 a~crc~tore. 819~-r ~pllt~d ~ ~111 z-~lt gzeat-r Jc~biAg ~ for )~d-to-r~ ~rtic~l~t~
I.4WBZ ~plitud ~ ~y ~ rqulsod to ~t br ~ag~ of fr~gf1e ~tr~t~.
ID OPer t~OD~ th ~1-- 2~ tO ~ C~ ~trO--dUCCd ~tO t~ Ch~ Ch~r 12. ~lguld ~ th n ~-trOdUCe~ ~tO t~ C1~an~g Cha~r 12 tbrOUg~ t 22 fr~
a ~O~rC~ hOW~ r COI~trO~ O~IItiOUr Of f1O~r rat~ t~r~t~r, a~ Pr~ DOm ~ tl~
q!he 1 trOdUC- I ~t ~ tea~r~tUZO ~1O~ t~O
cr~t~ lu ~or CO~,, o,c ~n~c~t~ ~. T~per~t~ c~
3S b~ co~t~oll~ it~r ~ fllll~q t.h~ ¢hu~s ~ pr--heat~
or cool~ uid C02 or l~y h ~ti~g or coo~ t~ c~r.
Ros~ll~, t~- pre~ 1 be fl.~ y th~ v~por ~r-~
2 :~ 9 ~
of t 2 at ~ giv~n t~peratur-. lt ~y b~ to~lr~ u ~o~
ca~ to pro~ld- incroa-ffl pr~ur~ l~a ord ~ to prod~uc~
~nore ~rlqorou8 ca~itatlon. ~o ~xo~ld- th~ ~d~tlo~ re--~ur~ a no~contQD~lbl- ga~ a q-~ ~ia~ not llq-S uofl-d ~t th- te9~r~tu~o ~ ch th- ~oc-~- o~ th- ~-~r~l~tion i~ co~duct~ ch ~- ~trogo~ trod~c~
to th- oha~r by ~a~- of . cwpr~or o~ ~lgh ~re~
ga- c~l~d r. Additio~ re~ o c~ ~l~o ~ ~ovid~l ~y flllll~g tl~ ¢ha~ co~et~ly ~11 o~ l~d ~0~ ~a eon-10 troll3,~g th~ pr~ of t~ I~lot or o~tl t ~t~e-~.
So~cat~ou i- thon ~pl~ t th- abo~-~c~td f~e-cy ~d uq?litudo. ~!h t~ of ~ tla~ 1- d ~l~dQnt o~ th~ ~art~c~l~ 6~1- b~l~S s:l~ ~ th~ l~at~ o th~ u~ d ~t-r~al, or co~t~n~t, to ~ ra~.
7~ D~ o~ot ~ ~posP~ t.~ O~c-t~Q~ fo~ prolo~ged perio~ of t~ th otS r b~, ea~ at-x~-~1~ ta~c loDg-s to ~8 t~ oth~r-. S~lo ~ori~nt~-tio~ ~11 d t~ o opti~ ti~ for ~o~c~t~o~ to ro~
~t~t~ll~r all cont~n~t~ g~ onica~ol~ for 20 At lel--t ~out 30 ~con~ x~ctod to r~o ~ t~-t~l ~OU~It of th cont~i~t~tJ, ~ ~ o~ o~oln: 5 ~n~to~ ~ly ~ e c~ c~eYor, u~
c~ c~t~nce~, ~v~ furt~ r ~o~c-tlo~ ~y ~ ro-qu~, ~o~ tho rea~o~ t~totl a~ .
2~ as th- coopl~tio~l of t~ ~oD~c~tlo~ cyel~ id C02 p~rg- 1- ~lti~tod. ~olla~g tl~o p~rqo t~, th~ ch~er CA~ ~ do-prs--ed for ro~r~l of t~ ~pl, or, th~
cleanl~g t~p cu~ b~ re~te~ r~ d. To det~n~3~ 1~
tho ~ple 1~ ~ff~ tly cl~, v~su~ p~Ct~o~ of tb-30 ~ t- or ~a~r~entJ of ~ lat~ co~ ntrat~o~
~d~o~ p~ c~ of org~nlc f~l~s s~y ~# ~d, ~- ~ppro~
p~ at-.
~ J~ a ~th r ~bod~ant of tl~e ~r~tlo~l, th~ ~le~
2~ to b- cl-an d a~ d~ i~ the cl~ c~r ~, 35 wh~ clo~ urged ~t~ ga- for ~ pre~-t~-~ed pr~o~ o~ t~. S~ cha~ z-~lz~d ~I heat-to ~ ~lt~ arltics~l l~ol ~ic~ i~ det~r~n~
.
2 1 ~ 2 the ~ lc cont~lnan'.- an~ ~ub~tr~t--, t~ r~ '.,h~
bulk of t~ ~r~nlc cont~-l~t~on. S~clflc~lly, both t~o pressur~ ~ tc~poraturo aro ad~u~ted to oxceo~l th cr~t~-cal ~aluo~ ~or CO~. ~he ~npl- ~ expo~ to CO2 ~ ~:h-5 den~o~ o~ ~up~rcr~t~c~l, p~la3~ for a ~r~.l of t3~e ~hlcb1~ ~ufflcloat to d~Jo~ cOI~ta~r~ t- ~h~c~ ol~
u~rcr~tic-l CO~ ~r~f-rr-d to h-r~n ~ ol~lo collt~-n~l~t~
~h- te~oraturo ~ th ~ reduo~l ~lo~ c~t~c~l 10 ~r~lue to liqu ~y th- C02. So~t~c~tla~ o~ t~ ll~ld CO~ 1-i~iti~t-d to r~ove ~tic~l-,te- ~d/or o~qu~l fll~ co~-ta~natlo~ ~ic~ i- dlff~ lt to ~o~, A- d~cril~ed abovo. q!~- tep- o~ 'croat~eDt by ~o~ic~tio~ ~ tr at~t ~th ~u~?srcr~t~c~l C02 ~y 2~o ro~eat~l - ~ t~
requi~l to cloa~ e ~ple.
Tn anoth r ~bodl~n~ of th- ln~ ntlon, t~ ~l~ to ol~n~ ~e troat~l in ~ccordanc~ o ~roco-- o~
th~ ~re~t ~v-nt~ o~ a~d a~o ~ gue~tl~ ct-ll to den~e pha-- q~- cl~ g by r~pr-~url~g ~d r~ ~t~g the C02 to ~up~r~:ri1:ic~ co~dltlon~ tep procQ~-~- u~e~ul, for ~pl-, to r~ os~ct ~l~t~e- of p r-t~c~ te~ ~d ~olubl- co~tu~i~t-. ~ t-p of t~o~t~os~t w~th up~rer~t~c~ ~ tr-at~t ~y oll~c~tion ~y rep~at~ ~ ~ny ti~ ~ r~uirod to cl-~ t~ ~p1-.
2S I~ ~oth r ~d~nt o th pr~ t ~no~tlo~, clo~ot 100p, r-c~ ti~g 11gu~d C03 re~ n rat~ ~y-t~
~- ~loq~ h3~h t~ re~ovQd co~t~t~ ~ th~t orga~e or p~tieu1at-) eu~ ~ ~eadil~ ep r~t-d fro~ th-ea~ltatio~ . ~- ¢~ ~o ~ceoepl~hed ~th r ~y d -co~pr~ o~, fi1tr~tlo~l, or a Co~tiOl~ of ~oth. ~y t~
d~o~rs~o~ of t2~ id C02, ~eou- C02 ~- fon~ ~Dd the ~o~ta~t~ -~Ato out in eo~co~tr t~ fos~ th~t for ea~y ~poJa1. Th- e1ea~ gA~ CO;~ reDalni~g 1J tllen r~co~e~-ed to t~c liq~ld tate ~ th e1~u~ liq-u~l C02 1~ to~ to th clea~ ch~ 12. To ~-¢o~1~ proco--~ t~ 11quef~od g~- co~talAi~g t}~
cont~ln~t~ i- tr~n~ortod out o~ tho chu~r 12 th~oug~
outlot ~e~n~ a~ to ~ ~cro~t~ont un~t ln~t .~ n)~ 1 tb-trc~ nt u~lt, tb~ contu~n-t~d llqu-f~d ~ d~
pre~d ~nd/or 11tor~1 9.~ indic-t~ ~. r~o ~
~lqu~d C02 1~ th~n tr~ t-d ~ t~b~ng lnot ~how~ to ch~b~r 12 through lnlot ~e~l~ ~a.
qArlou- 1~urf-c-~- ~ th ~l~ctro~lc, ~ c~ ltO~
ti~- and ~ro~p~ce ~ ld~ ~y ~o cloan~l ~ th- ~oco~- o~
tho ~ ent~O~ h- 17roco~- of tl~o ~-~t1Q~ el to cl~an ~ wl~o var~et~ o 9~b~tr~t~ ~o~od of ~loty o~
~at~r~al~. $~ pr~ t p~ J O~ roll-~dap~d ~o~ cloa~lng co~l h~d~o ~t~t ~9 dl a~
bl~. So~ ace~lar~ al~g ~ppl~c~tlo~ d~- d fl~x-ing of ~old r-d com~ectora d ~ te~ c~o~t board~; sa~al o~ photor~ t~ ~ro~ tr~t~-; t cont~-nat~ol~ of cl~ning ~d~ ~uc3~ a- cottou or So~rt~pp~l ~licato~, wip~r-, glo~o-, otc.~ degr~g of co~l-x h~rd~r~ ~d d~co~t~ll~tlon of al~c~e~ r, and ~ce~aft co~ clading p~, t~ fo~
e~-, ri~ t~, in~ulat~on, hou~ , lino~ , opt~c~l bench a8E~ hoat ~ , ~itch~, ~dcet~, ~Dd act~
metal ca~g~. Cont~t IDat-r~ ~ch ~ r~o~t fro~ trat~ ccor~ce ~ t~ t ~vo~t~oa include, b~t are ~IOt l~t~ to, oll, gr ~ br~c~t-, wld~r fl~ r~idu~ hoto~e~i-t, p~tlc~l~toc co~pr~g inorq~c or orq~lc ~t~r~al~ e~i~ r ~ la-tl~
c~s~ ct~d ~ono~-, dye~, ~ dl-l ct~c fl~a~b.
~1c~ trat-- froo ~ch cont~t~ ~y b~ re~d by tho pro~ent proco~ clud~ t ~r- wt l~t~ to, tEate- ~oDIed o~ t~l, n~b r, ~ tlc, cotton, c-l-lulo~, c~r~c~ d oth r organ~c or ~o~ oo~pol~ndJ.
The ~ to~ ~pl- or c~pl~ co~flguration~
~d ~y ~clude i~t-r-tlt~ pac~ Yh~ch u~o d~f~cu~t to clean by other k~ n ~dd~tio~, th ~tr-t-~ay l~ e fon~ o2 ~t~ulat- ~atter o~ otl~r ~in 3~ dlv~do~ ~at~rial. $ho ~nt ~ tlo~ ba~ a~pllcatio~ to gro-~ cl~g pro~ c~ ~ d~gr-a~g, r~ral ot t~p r~ , ~d f~ctlo~al ~luid se~n~ al~o ~1 2~.QI ~L2 ~pecl~ w~ c~t~d fo~ p~ lo~ al~tJ-~ing ot compl-x hardwar~ to hlg~ l~v-l~ of Gle~lln~
F.~ t-~w~y ~tl~ o~ t ~lt~ tlv~
cl~anlr~g ~ hlch ~ay be ~ploy~d ~ pr~ct loing ~,o 5 pres~nt imr-ntion, ~n ~b~h ~ultlpl- ~oc1c~tln~ ~or u~ r~f-r-~¢- d-~lgnatlon~ G. 2 ar- th~
~a~o a- tho~- u~ lC. 1. ~ PIG. 2, th clea~g cha~r ~,2 1~ pro~ th a ~oalc~ti~g ho~ 1~
actiY~t~ ~y ~ tr~tua~ (~t~ out a ~ t~r), ~q 10 ~ou~t~g th ~o~e-t~g ho~ ~ t21~ ~ld 1~ ~ tS oy--t~ o~ ~C. 1. I~ ~IG. 2, tl~e cl~ g o~r 1~ ~- fur-the~ l?r~ld~ ~th ~ ~eoond ~o~ t~g horu 3~ ~oDd tra~ s 3~ ottc~ ~ .0 o~ thc c~r. q!~
con1gur-tion ho~ la ~I~. 2, uoing t~o o~c~tl~g ~or~-, 1S prov~d - ~lfosa o~cat~o~l th~oughol~t tS cba~
~riatlo~J o~ thi- conflgu~atlo~ be u~ ~rlt~ t~ ~o~-icat1J~9 hon~ r~lou~ at~o~ tlto top ~ ~d otto~ d ~11-, or ~otS ~ of t~
ch~or 1~. ror ~c of ~llu-trat1Ot~, hoatl~ l~nt ~"
20 coolinq ~clcet 3~ n~ouple ~cll 33, pr~ g~ug~ 3~., and ~tlr~or 26 hav~ o~tted ro~ F~;- 2, )~t ~o ~-cluded i~ thl~ t of th- pre~a~t ~r~ti ~ tl~e r a~ ho~ ~ G. 1.
PI~. 3 1J ~ cut-~way ~ r of ~ portlo~ 0~ tho clea~ g 25 ch~er for ~ co~d ~lt r~t~v clcaD~ ~e-sel ~ch ~y be e~Dpl~ ct~l~g t210 pr~ t l~ tlo~, ~ ~ah ~ltlpl- c ~it~t~o~ o~ r- ~ ~ll~o~t of the ~ ~tlol~, th ~ ca~o~ol~t- r- ~ r 1~ r~G.
1, e~tc~pt t~t t~ ~on~c~tloll ho~ 1~~ the 30 c~eani:~g c~ 12 of FlG. 1 1~ ~oplac~ lth ol-anl~g cha~r 50 ~ho~m ~ FIG. 3. I~ach ~ll o~ th- cb~r ~0 co~prl~e~ ~ ~rr~ o~ ca~itatlon nozzle- 5~ whlcll ~o foDed l~t-gral nth tho cha~r ~ll, ~cb ~ rlll~g ho10~ of ~prol?rl~to lon~ ~ th~ c~r ~11. ~iq~
35 u-flod g~- fro~ ourc (not ~hff~) un~ r cont~oll~ co~-~lt~o~ ot tlo~ r~t-, to~er~tllr, a~d ~e~ur~ tro-d~c-~l ~to th~ c~ 0 throug~ t #~- 5~ nd ~.
~2 ~ S~o lsqu-f~ed ga~ to tb~ 0~ theJa througb tho ~ozsl-~ 5;~ an~ to th~ ~lea~ln~ ~on- ~2, dhic~
hsld~ tbo ~ubst,r~t- (not ~ho~m) to ~e clean~
lsl th- art~ th- pre~ur~ at th~- ~ourco ~u~t ~ ~u~flclelltl,y hlgh to pro~uc~ tho flo~.r v~ ty at t21~ ~0~21~ wblch ~11 pro~rlde th~ r~u~s~d pr~ ro drop to ~oduc~ o~.
op~lo~all~ ahu~ 50 ~ay furth-r cos prl~ y of G~rltatlo~ 02~ 5~ ~ ~ o~t~ to~ t~S~
op rat$o~ cloa~ 1 og ~IC. 3 1~
~ th~ 9 7~1~E~l of ~IG. 1 xco~t t~t th~ ca~tation slozz10~ ~ tSo fo~ s~ ~a~t~sn hor~ t~ 1~t'c~s. Su~t~lo c~itatio~ no~ CQ~
2ci~ v~ or ox~1~, fxo~ ~o~c ~Jlgin~r~g Co~poratlo~, 210r~altc, Co~cti~t.
Bx~p1-- of ~7~acti~- of t)~o pr~at l~r9~ltlo~ e ~ -follo~.
~ , .
P1~t$c (a~sy1ic) p~ contam~ n~t~ alu~n~ ~ -oxi.d~ ~tic1~ ~c~ r di~et~ clos~
r~io~ aid C02 a~t so~cat~ o~ 9 , c12~1 v~el o~ the t~ d~cr~d ~ith r-fore~:~ to PS~
bl~ S b~ t~ tha po~ app1i~ to t~ l~ltra~o~c 2S trastu~uc~r 18, th~ t~at~ of th~ d COa, th~ nod-nal pr~uro of CO~ ~ po~d~ ~o ~cl~, p~
Rg/c~;2), th t~D of ~o~cat~o~, a~d th~ a~q E~tl~g.
T~ ~r ~ally ~-pectod, a~ t a v~l~
f~ 1 to S, ~th 5 ~ing t~o le~t co~'ca~ted. Tn p~-tlc~ al~ o 1 i~dlcat~ llght ha20 o~ pla~-t~c pa~ 8 ro6~1t o~ cont~io~ o~ Sh~
tlcle-; a,ralu~ of S i~d~c~t~d al~ t to~1 ~ nc~ o~
e10~.
-.' '' ' ':,. ' ', ', . ' '~ :, , : - . . ' ' . ; . '.`,~ .`; ! ' ' : : ' . :. ' ' ' .~ . :
~3 21Q~
~able I Clennlng D~ta Power Supply Temperaturc Pre~ure T~e Rating ~watt~ C~ p~i Ra/c~2 ~sec~
37S 22 900 63 3 lO
375 10 ~00 49 2 600 In thi~ Ex~pl-, tho 375 ~nd 600 w4tt powor upplio-20 were Tekm4r Son~c Di~ruptor-, o~t~ined from $ekm~r of Cincinnati, O~io, at a frequency of 20 kilohertz. The ~on-icating horn 16 w4~ 0.50 ~nch (1 27 c~), provided with 5 inch (12 7 c~) extender-.
T~ble I demon~trate~ that for thi- 4ppl~cAtion bett-r cle~ning i~ obt4ined at high r temperature- and pre~ure~
and at high~r power ~nd ~onication ti~e Th ~ffect of th te~perature of the l~qu~d CO2 on the sonic norgy input ~a- tud~od T~ble II bel~w l~t- the energy i~put data for ultra~on~c~ ~n l~qu~d C02. Th ~olu f C2 ~ each ca~o wa- 5.7 liter-. In T~bl~ II, T
temper~ture 4nd P i~ pre-~ur-.
Table II ~nergy Input D~ta Sonic~tion P~ramet-r~ ld P-ran-t-r~ _ S ~o~r Supply Output control ~ P Pow r Output ~V~tt-l _ S~ttinq l-C~ D~ tto) 600100 22 920 ~1.7'7~
231020 '~1-7~0 221~7S 61-S 20 0 375100 22 9~0 66-~ ~2 .
375100 1~1~20 57-7 ~S
17 800 5~.2~S
18 8~0 5~ 5 :
600100 la a20 S7-7 20 ~8 830 S~-~ 13 18 830 58.~ S
The data in Table II provide n mea~ure of how well cavitation in the liquid C02 occur~ a~ a re~ult of energy transferrod to the flui~. Specifically, at lower tempora-ture~, the power output dxop~ considorably.
Thu~, thero ha- been di~closed a proce-- for r~moving contaminant~ fro~ ~ubstrate~, u~ing liquefied ga-. It wlll be appreciated by tho-e killed i~ the art tbat ~riou-DK~di~ication- ~nd change- of an obviou~ natur~ ~ay b~ ~ado without departlng froo th~ cope of the inv~ntion, ~nd all such modification~ and change- are intended to fall within the gcope of the invention, a~ defined by the ~ppended clai~s.
"' ,'."' ,, ,~' ' ' : ~' ";'
Claims (10)
1. A process for removing undesired material from a chosen substrate (28) comprising the steps of:
(a) placing said substrate containing said unde-sired material in a cleaning chamber (12) provided with cavitation-producing means (16, 36, 52);
(b) introducing into said cleaning chamber a liq-uefiable gas formed by applying a pressure of about 100 at-mospheres (103.3 Kg/cm2) or less at a temperature of less than about 50°C to a selected gas and contacting said sub-strate containing said undesired material with said lique-fied gas at a temperature below the critical temperature of said gas; and (c) exposing said liquefied gas in said cleaning chamber to said cavitation-producing means for a period of time sufficient to remove said undesired material from said substrate.
(a) placing said substrate containing said unde-sired material in a cleaning chamber (12) provided with cavitation-producing means (16, 36, 52);
(b) introducing into said cleaning chamber a liq-uefiable gas formed by applying a pressure of about 100 at-mospheres (103.3 Kg/cm2) or less at a temperature of less than about 50°C to a selected gas and contacting said sub-strate containing said undesired material with said lique-fied gas at a temperature below the critical temperature of said gas; and (c) exposing said liquefied gas in said cleaning chamber to said cavitation-producing means for a period of time sufficient to remove said undesired material from said substrate.
2. The process of Claim 1 wherein said gas is selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and xenon.
3. The process of Claim 1 further comprising perform-ing at least one of the following steps: (1) prior to con-tacting said substrate containing said undesired material with said liquefied gas, contacting said substrate with said gas in the dense phase at a pressure above the criti-cal pressure of said gas and at a temperature above the critical temperature of said gas for a period of time suf-ficient to remove said undesired material which is soluble in said gas in said dense phase, or (2) after said exposing step, contacting said substrate with said gas in the dense phase at a pressure above the critical pressure of said gas and at a temperature above the critical temperature of said gas for a period of time sufficient to remove said unde-sired material which is soluble in said gas in said dense phase.
4. The process of Claim 1 further comprising the step of, following said exposing step, treating said liquefied gas containing said undesired material to remove said unde-sired material and returning said treated liquefied gas to said cleaning vessel.
5. The process of Claim 1 wherein said gas is carbon dioxide and wherein said temperature ranges from about -57°C to less than 32°C and said pressure ranges from about 75 pounds per square inch (about 5.3 Kg/cm2) to about 200 pounds per square inch (about 14.1 Kg/cm2) above the vapor pressure of CO2 at said temperature.
6. The process of Claim 1 wherein said exposing is carried out for a period of time of at least about 30 sec-onds.
7. The process of Claim 1 wherein said cavitation-producing means is selected from the group consisting of ultrasonic agitation means (16, 36), cavitation nozzle means (52), and cavitation propeller means.
8. The process of Claim 1 wherein at least step (c) is repeated at least once.
9. The process of Claim 1 wherein the pressure within said cleaning vessel is raised above the natural vapor pressure of said liquefied gas by one of the following steps: (1) addition of a non-condensible gas, or (2) com-pletely filling said vessel with liquefied gas at a pres-sure which is higher than said natural vapor pressure.
10. A system (10) employing the process of Claim 1 for removing said undesired material from fluid substrate comprising:
(a) said cleaning chamber for containing said liquefied gas and said substrate containing said undesired material;
(b) said cavitation-producing means, located within said chamber, for producing cavitation in said liq-uefied gas;
(c) pressure control means (34) connected to said chamber for controlling the pressure within said chamber;
(d) temperature control means (31, 32, 33) con-nected to said chamber for controlling the temperature within said chamber;
(e) inlet means (22) in said chamber for intro-ducing said liquefied gas into said chamber; and (f) outlet means (24) in said chamber for remov-ing said liquefied gas from said chamber.
(a) said cleaning chamber for containing said liquefied gas and said substrate containing said undesired material;
(b) said cavitation-producing means, located within said chamber, for producing cavitation in said liq-uefied gas;
(c) pressure control means (34) connected to said chamber for controlling the pressure within said chamber;
(d) temperature control means (31, 32, 33) con-nected to said chamber for controlling the temperature within said chamber;
(e) inlet means (22) in said chamber for intro-ducing said liquefied gas into said chamber; and (f) outlet means (24) in said chamber for remov-ing said liquefied gas from said chamber.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US927,443 | 1992-08-10 | ||
| US07/927,443 US5316591A (en) | 1992-08-10 | 1992-08-10 | Cleaning by cavitation in liquefied gas |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2101142A1 true CA2101142A1 (en) | 1994-02-11 |
Family
ID=25454731
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002101142A Abandoned CA2101142A1 (en) | 1992-08-10 | 1993-07-22 | Cleaning by cavitation in liquefied gas |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5316591A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0583653B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2644169B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR940003623A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2101142A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69305800T3 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW233272B (en) |
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| US5068040A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1991-11-26 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Dense phase gas photochemical process for substrate treatment |
| US5062898A (en) * | 1990-06-05 | 1991-11-05 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Surface cleaning using a cryogenic aerosol |
-
1992
- 1992-08-10 US US07/927,443 patent/US5316591A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-07-22 CA CA002101142A patent/CA2101142A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-07-26 EP EP93111936A patent/EP0583653B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-26 DE DE69305800T patent/DE69305800T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-09 JP JP5197402A patent/JP2644169B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-09 KR KR1019930015393A patent/KR940003623A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-08-10 TW TW082106412A patent/TW233272B/zh active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109019752A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-18 | 江苏大学 | A kind of device and method using laser cavitation processing organic wastewater |
| CN111618036A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-04 | 华东交通大学 | Two-step method cable ultrasonic automatic cleaning equipment |
| CN111618036B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2023-10-03 | 华东交通大学 | Two-step normal cable ultrasonic automatic cleaning equipment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW233272B (en) | 1994-11-01 |
| EP0583653B1 (en) | 1996-11-06 |
| JPH06254520A (en) | 1994-09-13 |
| DE69305800T2 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
| DE69305800D1 (en) | 1996-12-12 |
| EP0583653B2 (en) | 2004-07-21 |
| KR940003623A (en) | 1994-03-12 |
| EP0583653A1 (en) | 1994-02-23 |
| US5316591A (en) | 1994-05-31 |
| JP2644169B2 (en) | 1997-08-25 |
| DE69305800T3 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |