CA2095923A1 - Inhalation device - Google Patents
Inhalation deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA2095923A1 CA2095923A1 CA002095923A CA2095923A CA2095923A1 CA 2095923 A1 CA2095923 A1 CA 2095923A1 CA 002095923 A CA002095923 A CA 002095923A CA 2095923 A CA2095923 A CA 2095923A CA 2095923 A1 CA2095923 A1 CA 2095923A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vane
- movement
- dispensing
- activator component
- catch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0091—Inhalators mechanically breath-triggered
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/009—Inhalators using medicine packages with incorporated spraying means, e.g. aerosol cans
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0091—Inhalators mechanically breath-triggered
- A61M15/0096—Hindering inhalation before activation of the dispenser
Abstract
An inhalation device for administration of aerosolised medicament to the respiratory system of a patient comprising a housing (2) defining a patient port (6) and an air inlet, the housing containing means for dispensing a dose of aerosolised medicament, an inhalation-activatable triggering mechanism for initiating the dispensing means, and reset means, in which the triggering mechanism comprises a vane (30) mounted for pivotal movement between closed and open positions, the vane being positioned such that inhalation through the patient port generates an air flow from the air inlet to the patient port causing pivotal movement of the vane, and an activator component (8) movable between a restrained position and a dispensing position which movement causes dispensing of medicament from the dispensing means, the activator component being biased towards its dispensing position.
Description
~92/0~509 2 0 ~J $ 9 2 3 Pcr~B9l~01~3 ~L~ , This in~ention relates to inhalation activatable devices for the administration of medicam~nts for inhalation therapy.
Inhalation acti~atable dispensers for use with aerosol con~ainer assemblies are }~own, their general pu~pose being to afford proper co-ordination o~ the dispensing of a dose o~ medicamen1 with tha inhalation of the patient there~y allowing the maximum proportion of the dose of medicament to be drawn into the patient's bronchial passages. Examples of such dispensers are descrîbed in ~ritish Patent Speci~ication Nos. 1,269,554, 1,335,378, 1,392,192 and 2,061,116 and United States Pate~t Nos. 3,187,748, 3,456,644, 3,456,645, 3,~56,646, 3,56~,070, 3,598,294, 3,814,2~7, 3,605,738, 3,732,~64, 3,636,949 and 3,789,843 and German Patent No. 3,040,641.
European Patent No. 147028 discloses an inhalation activatable dispenser ~or use with an aerosol container in which a latch mechanism releasing vane is pivotally mounted in an air passage ~etween an aerosol outlet valve and a mouthpiece, which Iatch mechanism cannot be released if~force to açtiYate the dispenser is not applied before a patient inhales.
The dispen~er generally comprises a housing ha~ing ~
mouthpiece and an ir passage there~hrough terminating at the mouthpiece, the housing being adapted to receive an aerosol container and having a support block with a -, socket adapted to receive the stem of the valve of the aerosol container and a through orifice communicating betwe2n the socket and the air passage, and latch means having parts ~ovable batween an engaged position in which move~enk of the container and ~he support block toward each other upon the application o~ a force to bias the container and the suppor~ block toward each other is 3.~ prevented and a releaæe position in which movement of the container and the support block toward each other in response to said force is penmitted causing th~ stem to move to its inner discharge position, th~ latch means romprising a vane mounted on the housing in the air .... .,.. . . . . .. ~ .. .. , .. . . . . . . . . . . , , .. " , .
.
W092/08509 ' PCT/GB'J1/0198~-passag~way between the orifice and the mouthpiece for movement toward the mouthpiece under the influence of inhalation through the mouthpiece to release the latch means in which the vane moves toward the mouthpiece from a blocking to a non-blocking position with respect to the passageway in response to inhaling at the mouthpiece and releases the latch means only during the application of said force to hias the container and support block toward each other.
Co-pending International Patent Application No.
PCT/US9O/02412 (Publication No. WO9O/l3328) discloses a dry powder inhalation device comprising a housing defining a chamber in communication with a patient port in the form of a mouthpiece or nasal adaptor, and an elongate carrier bearing a powdered medicament, the device being constructed and arranged such that areas of predetermined size of the elongate carrier may sequentially be exposed within the cham~er, the device comprising one or more air inlets suGh that when a patient inhales through the patient port an air flow is established from the air inlet(s~ to the patient port through the chamber such that.part cles of the pow~ered medicament of respirable siz~ from said exposed area of the elongate carrier are entrained within the air ~low.
The dry powder inhaler is capable of delivering multiple, uniform doses of a ~edicament to a patient.
The device is simple to operate and does not require the patient to insert capsules of medicament or rely upon a separate r~servoir o~ medicament in order to load th~
device for use. The medicam~nt is generally preloaded on an elongate car:rier, section~ o~ which are sequentially e~posed in the cha~ber fox dispensing the medicament.
The elongate ca:rrier~is pre~erably in the fo~m o~ a tape having an array of depressions or micrbdimples holding miaronised medicament and may be conveniently loaded on a spool tin a sim.i~ar manner to a photographic film) or in a cassette (in a similar manner to an audio cassette).
preferred carri~sr is disclosed in European Pat~nt Publication No. 0455463.
..... ... .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . .
Inhalation acti~atable dispensers for use with aerosol con~ainer assemblies are }~own, their general pu~pose being to afford proper co-ordination o~ the dispensing of a dose o~ medicamen1 with tha inhalation of the patient there~y allowing the maximum proportion of the dose of medicament to be drawn into the patient's bronchial passages. Examples of such dispensers are descrîbed in ~ritish Patent Speci~ication Nos. 1,269,554, 1,335,378, 1,392,192 and 2,061,116 and United States Pate~t Nos. 3,187,748, 3,456,644, 3,456,645, 3,~56,646, 3,56~,070, 3,598,294, 3,814,2~7, 3,605,738, 3,732,~64, 3,636,949 and 3,789,843 and German Patent No. 3,040,641.
European Patent No. 147028 discloses an inhalation activatable dispenser ~or use with an aerosol container in which a latch mechanism releasing vane is pivotally mounted in an air passage ~etween an aerosol outlet valve and a mouthpiece, which Iatch mechanism cannot be released if~force to açtiYate the dispenser is not applied before a patient inhales.
The dispen~er generally comprises a housing ha~ing ~
mouthpiece and an ir passage there~hrough terminating at the mouthpiece, the housing being adapted to receive an aerosol container and having a support block with a -, socket adapted to receive the stem of the valve of the aerosol container and a through orifice communicating betwe2n the socket and the air passage, and latch means having parts ~ovable batween an engaged position in which move~enk of the container and ~he support block toward each other upon the application o~ a force to bias the container and the suppor~ block toward each other is 3.~ prevented and a releaæe position in which movement of the container and the support block toward each other in response to said force is penmitted causing th~ stem to move to its inner discharge position, th~ latch means romprising a vane mounted on the housing in the air .... .,.. . . . . .. ~ .. .. , .. . . . . . . . . . . , , .. " , .
.
W092/08509 ' PCT/GB'J1/0198~-passag~way between the orifice and the mouthpiece for movement toward the mouthpiece under the influence of inhalation through the mouthpiece to release the latch means in which the vane moves toward the mouthpiece from a blocking to a non-blocking position with respect to the passageway in response to inhaling at the mouthpiece and releases the latch means only during the application of said force to hias the container and support block toward each other.
Co-pending International Patent Application No.
PCT/US9O/02412 (Publication No. WO9O/l3328) discloses a dry powder inhalation device comprising a housing defining a chamber in communication with a patient port in the form of a mouthpiece or nasal adaptor, and an elongate carrier bearing a powdered medicament, the device being constructed and arranged such that areas of predetermined size of the elongate carrier may sequentially be exposed within the cham~er, the device comprising one or more air inlets suGh that when a patient inhales through the patient port an air flow is established from the air inlet(s~ to the patient port through the chamber such that.part cles of the pow~ered medicament of respirable siz~ from said exposed area of the elongate carrier are entrained within the air ~low.
The dry powder inhaler is capable of delivering multiple, uniform doses of a ~edicament to a patient.
The device is simple to operate and does not require the patient to insert capsules of medicament or rely upon a separate r~servoir o~ medicament in order to load th~
device for use. The medicam~nt is generally preloaded on an elongate car:rier, section~ o~ which are sequentially e~posed in the cha~ber fox dispensing the medicament.
The elongate ca:rrier~is pre~erably in the fo~m o~ a tape having an array of depressions or micrbdimples holding miaronised medicament and may be conveniently loaded on a spool tin a sim.i~ar manner to a photographic film) or in a cassette (in a similar manner to an audio cassette).
preferred carri~sr is disclosed in European Pat~nt Publication No. 0455463.
..... ... .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . .
2~ 923 ~ 2/08509 PCI/GBs91/01983 The device includes means for advancing the elongate carrier through the chamber to sequentially axpose areas of the carrier for release of meclicament during inhalation by the patient. The means for advancement may S take a variety of forms depending upon the type of elonga~e carrier and whether the expos~d areas o~ carrier are to be retained within khe device. For example, tapes webs and belts may include a series of apertures which are engaged by one or more ~procketed guide wheels or rollers in a sLmilar manner to a camera or printer.
Alternatively, or in addition, the carrier may be wound on a take-up spool, rotation of t~e ~pool directly or via a drive belt causing the carrier to advancs. The device may also include means for tensioning or otherwise maintaining the exposed area of the carrier within the chamber during inhalation by the patient.
The elongate carrier may be advanced into th~
cha~ber prior to inh~lation by the patient or the carrier may be advanced into the aerosolisation chamber during inhalation to protect the powdered medicament from premature exposure.
In the~pre~erred embodiment the elongate carrier is stored in a cassette hoth before and a~ter exposure. The cassette may comprise one or pr~ferably two spools together with idlers or other rollers and include an exposure frame positioned within the chamber, through which the carrier is advanced. The cassette may be removable to allow the device to be recharged with a new cassette. However, it is not essenkial for the exposed areas of the carrier to be retained within the device and spent carrier may be advanced to the exteriox o~ the device through a slot in the housing whereupon disposal may be effected by th~ patient; optionally with the aid of a~cutting edye. This arrangement is particularly suitable for a tape carrier which has transv~rse per~orations to ~acilitate tearing off spent carriex.
The devic~e pre~erably additionally comprises means for releasing medicament of respirable size from the exposed area of carrier indep~ndent of the p~tients' - . . . ..
. ~, , , , - :
~ ':: ,. ' : . ', : , W092/08509 2 ~ ~ r ~ 2 3 PCT/~91/01~8?~`
inspiratory effort. The medicament release means overcomes the binding of the mPdicament particles to the carrier by mechanical effort e.g. impaction, vibrations, gas flow etc. or electrostatically.
The means for releasing medicament from the carrier during inhalation is preferably triggered in response to the patient inhaling in ~rder to avoid the patient having to synchronise inhalation and actuation of the release mechanism. Airflow deteclion may conveniently b~
10 - acco~plished by.means of a movable vane positioned within the chamb~r or patient port, ~otion o~ the vane causing actuation of the release mechanism. Such a vane may also be constructed to prevent a patient ~xhaling through the device and/or to prevent exhaled air ~rom reaching the stored carrier thereby avoiding any problems associated with moisture.
The present invention provides an improved triggering mechanism which is suitable for use in such an inhalation device and may also be employed in other dry powder or pressurised aerosol inhalation devices.
According to the present invention there is provided an inha~ation d-evice for-adm~nis~ration of aerosolised medicament to the respiratory system o~ a patient comprising a housing de~ining a patlent port in the form 25 of a mouthpiece or nasal adaptor and an air inlet, the housing containing m~ans for dispen~ing a dose of a~rosolised medicament, an inhalation-activatable triggering mechanism for initiating the dispensing means, and resPt meansl in which the triggering mechanism comprises a vane mounted ~or pivotal movement between closed and open positiuns, the van~ being positioned .such that inhalation through the patient port generates an air ~low ~rom the air inl~t to the patient port causing pivotal ~ovement of the vane, and an activator component ~ovable between a restrained position and a disp~ns~rlg pcsit:ion which movement ~auses di~pensing o~
medicament ~rom the di~pensing means, the activator co~ponent ~eing biased towards its dispensing position, - . .. . .. . . .
..... .. .;.. . .... .
,. .. ~
~"092/08~09 ~ ~ 9 5 ~ 2 3 PCT/CBg1/0l983 the triS ~ring mechanism being constructed and arr~nqed such that:
a) when the activator component is in the restrained position and the vane is in the closed position th~ activator component is held in its restrained position by mechanical blocking action of the van~ either directly by the vane or via one or more movable intermediate componsnts whose movements to release the mechanical blocking action are controlled by 10 the.. vane, b) pivotal movement of the vane from its closed to its open position removes said mechanical blocking action allowing movement of the activator component to its dispensing position and c) operation of the reset means causes movement of the activator component from its dispersing to its restrained position whish movement causes, ~irectly or indirectly via one or more intermediate componen~s, the vane to move from its open or a partially open position to its closed position i~ the vane is not closed.
Preferably, the activator component is arranged to mo~e pivotal~ly between its restrained position an~ i's dispensing position, but it may alternatively be arranged to move reciprocally, linearly or in some other fashion.
The invention provides a triggering mechanis~ for actuating an inhaler device which obviates the need for handling co-ordination ~y~he patient and actuates at low flow-rates, e.g., 30 litres per minute, within the capabilities of ~most a~thma sufferers. ~he components o~
the triggering mechanism are ~rran~ed such that they may ~echanically.interengage du.ring the reset cycle thus by ~i~ply returning the act~vator co~ponent to its restrained position it is positi~ely.enæured that.~he .
. o her co~ponent~s are returned to th~ir respective : .
positions ready for the next triggexing se~uence. This arrangement ensures the ~echanism will be reset regardless of the orientation of the inhaler device during the rese-t procedure sin~e it does not rely on gravity to return any of the components to the required ., .. . . ..... , .. ,.. ,.. . ~ . ... . . .
. ~ . ' . .
~ ' ' :' ',': ' ' . '': ' W092/08509 ,~ PCT/GB91/0198?'-position. Furthermore, since the various components interengage during the reset cycle there are no probl~ms associated with synchronisation of di~ferent movirlg parts of the mechar~ism.
The vane is conveniently positioned within the patient port of the inhalation device and may be arranged such that it may be wholly or partially r~turned from its open to its closed position prior to the reset cycle providing it i5 then positively engaged by a component of the.~riggering.mechanism as the.mechanism is reset. This freedom of movement of the vane, ~hich may take place under the in~luence of gravity should the patient's inhalation falter or which may take place should the patient exhale throu~h the patient port, allows the mouthpiece to be closed by the vane preventing contaminants entering the housing prior to resetting the triggering mechanism. The vane pivot point is ordinarily positioned towards one end of the vane.
The triggering mechanism is paxticularly suitable for use in the ir~alation dev,ices of Internationa Publication Nos~ W090/13327 and W090/l3328. However, the triggering mech~nism may read~ e employed i~other dry powder and pressurised aerosol devices which utilise a biased activator component.
In its simplest form the triggering mechanism may simply comprise a vane and activator component. In such an arrangement the vane oomprises blocking and reset surfaces positioned at an end of the vane near the pivot point,-e.g. by providir1g a pair of projections or arms on the vane, such that:
a) when the ac~ivator component is in the restrained positio1n and the vane is-in the closed position the blocking sur~ace mechan~.cally engages the activator co~po~ent preventing movement o~ the activator co~ponent ~rvm its rQstrained position.
b) when the vane is pivoted fxom its closed.to open position the blocking surface is moved out of mechanical engi~ge~ent with th~ activator component allowing it to move fro~ the restrain~d to the dispensing position and , .. ..
.; , ,,, ,, ,",, ,, ~ ,~. . j, ,, ; ..
. .
~92~08509 ~ ~9.~ 2:3 PCT/~B91/01~83 o) operation of the reset means to move the activator component from its dispensing ~o its reskrained position causes engagement of the reset s~rface by the activator component pivoting the vane to its closed position thereby mechanically hlocking the activator component in its restrained posit:ion.
It is not always convenient 1:o position the activator component close to the ~Jane in some inhalation devices and it may be convenient to employ one or more lQ. intermediate components between ~he vane and activator,to allow separation thereof.
For example, a three component triggering ~echanism may comprise a vane, catch and activator component, the catch being pivotally mounted for movement between a blocking posltion in which it mechanically blocks movement of the activator component from its restrained position and a release position in which it allows movement of the activator component to its dispensing position, the catch and vane each havin~ a respective engagable end which allows movement transfer therebetween, the catch having a second end having a blocking-surface which en~ages the activator component in its restrained position and a reset sur~ace which is engaged by the activator component during movement from - 25 its disp~nsing to its restrained position under the influence of the reset means thereby causing movement of the catch to its blocking position and vàne to its closed position.
A four co~ponent triggering mechanism may comprise a vane, rocker, oatch and activator component, the catch being pivotally mounted for movement between a blocking position in which it mechanically blocks movement of the actlvator comporlent ~ro~ its restrained position and a release position in which it allows movement o~ the activator component to its dispensi~g positionr the rocker being mo~mted for pivotal movement and having one , end engagable with one end of the v~ne to allow movement tran~er therebetween and a second end enga~able with the cakch to allow n1ovemel1t trans~er therebetween, the catch :; ~ . . :
WO92/OB509 ~ 9 2 3 8 PC~/GB91/019P' having a blocking surface which engages the activator component in its restrained position and a reset surface which is engaged by the activator component duri~g movement from its dispensing to its restrained position und~r the influence of the reset means thereby causing movement of ~he catch to its blocking position, and movement of the rocker and thereby movement o~ the vane to its closed position~
Whilst the use o~ three or four component triggering mechanisms may Lmpar~..additional frictio~ into the system at the pivot points and contacting sur~aces, the friction may readily be overcome by positioning th~ pivot points to gain a mechanical advantage on the lever principle.
The use of such a multi-component triggering mechanism also readily allows the triggering mechanism to be ~itted into available areas in the inhalation device since it doas not require the presence o~ a long straight lever, and the piYot points of the components need not be arranged linearly.
The reset means ~or the triggering mechanism pre~erably acts directly on the activator component and moves it against its biasin~.means back to its re~trained position. The reset means may conveniently take the form of a projection on a hinged cover for the mouthpiece such that the inhalation device is rPset wh~n the cover is closed a~ter the patient has used the device.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figures 1 to lO represent a cross section through an inhaler in accordance with the invention illustrating the various stages of operation, Figures 11 and 12 repres~nt cross~sections through a second inhale-- :in a~cordance with the invention, F.igures 13(a) to 13(c) repres~nt dï~grams o~ a f~rther triggcr:ing mechanis~ for use in the in~ention, Figures 14(a) to 14 (G) represent paxtial cross-sections of ~n :inhaler in accordance with the invention having a pressuxised aerosol container, and F~gures l5(a~ and 15(b) represent diagrams o~ the .. , ., . ....................... - .. - ............... . .
~, . . .. . .
~92/08S09 2 0 9 ~ 9 ~3 PC~`/GB91/01983 triggering and reset cycles o~ a two component triggering mechanism.
The inhaler of Figures 1 to :L0 is of a type disclosed in International Publication No. WO90/1332~, the medicament being carried on a tape contained within removable cassette.
In Figures 1 to l0 like numerals represent like parts .
Figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings illustrate a section.through an inhaler with the cassette removed. The inhaler comprises a housing (2), a movable cover (4) and a patient port (6) in the for~ of a mouthpiece.
The means ~or releasing medicament is in the form of lS an activator generally shown at (~) which comprises an impactor head (l0~ for striking the elongate carrier, the impactor head being attached to a stem ~l2) which is mounted for movement and rotation about point ~14). A~
i~pactor spring ( 15) provides a bias to move the -!
activator to its dispensing position and is secured to the stem (12) and has a roller (16) at one end thereofO
The activator is held in a ~estrained position by.a ca~ch (l8) which has a blocking sur~ace (20) in the form o~ a roller en~aging the impactor head ~lO) of the activator.
The catch (18) is mounted for pivotal movement about point ~22) and has an arm (24) engaged by rocker (26).
The ro~ker (26) is mounted ~or pi~otal movement abo11tl point (28). The means for detecting patient inspiration comprises a vane (30) positioned within the mouthpiece ~6). The vane (30) is mounted ~or pivotal movement about point (32)~and includes a projection ~34) which engages t~?~ surface (35) of tL~ rocker (26). ~
Figure 1 s:hows the devics with-the cover clo~ed and th~ components restrained. Opening of ~he cover (~iguxe 2) ~ause~ pivotal mov~ment o~ cam (36) acting on roller (163 thereby i~parting tension to the impactor spring ~l5). ~ovement o~ the impactor head (l0) is prevented by the catch (l8~. When the patient i~hales through the mouthpiece the vane (30) pivots as shown in the direction .. . . ..
WO 92/0~509 '~
Pcr/~sl/olss~
of the arrow . Pivotal movement of the vane ( 3 O ) in turn causes pivotal movement o~ th~ rocker ( 2 6 ) and pivot~l movement of the catch (18) as sho~n in the direction o~
the arrows, causing the roller (20) to li:Et clear o~ the impactor head (10) thereby allowing the activator to move in the direction of the arrow (A) (Figure 3) and the impactor head (10) to strike the elongate carrier.
The vane (30) is lifted to the top of the passage of the mouthpiece during inhalation. The end of the vane (30) inaludeq a curved portion (3:L) which extends in to the potential pathway for exhaled air, thereby ensuring the vane ( 3 0 ) will snap shut immediately, should the patient exhale through the mouthpiece (6) (Figur~
Alternatively, the ~ane may be straight, but a cur~e (not shown) in the roof of the mouthpiece may ensure that the end of the vane ~xtends into the potential pathway for exhaled air.
Fi~ure 5 illus~rates drive gear (403 which is connected to the cover (4) for rotation during opening of the cover (4). The drive gear (40) drives idler gear (42).
Re~erring to Figure 6,. th~ cassette gene~a~y shown at (44~, containing the elongate carrier, is inserted in the device and may be retainad by a pivoted catch ~46j.
The cassette (44) comprises a housing (48) (Figure 7) and contains spools (50 and 52), the elongate carrier (54) being wound on spool (50) and extending via rollers (56 and 58) to-spool (52).--A drive belt (60) passes round idler rollers (62) and contacts the caxriex (54) on spool t50~ throughout its ent:ire length around the rollers (56 and 58)~and on.spool (52). The drive belt also extends around driven roller (64).
When the cover.(4) is opened the gear train (40) is rotated cau~ing rotation of idler:gear ~42) ~nd driven roller t~4~, ther~by causing movement o~ the drive belt and advanaement o~ the tape (54). The driven roller-(64) includes a non-return ratchet generally shown at (66) and also includes a similar drive ratchet tnot shown) mounted lower on the shaft.
. :;,.. : . , . : .:,., " . ., .- . :., , .: .. . ~ .. , ;, ' ' , ;, ' , ,, ,.,, ., ~ .,:, ' , , ,, . ,......... :. . ": ,. ; . : , , , . . ~ , ~92/08509 ~ 2 ~ Pcr~cBgl~01983 Figure ~ illustrates the inhaler during inhalation through the mouthpiece. The impactor head (10) comprises a raised impactor surface (11) which strikes the drive belt (60) which is in contact with the tape (54) thereby imparting sufficient energy to the kape (54) to release the powdered medicament in to the air stream formed by the patientls inhalation.
Figure 9 illustrates the movement of thP various components durlng the reset cycle which is achieved by closing of the cover.. The activator (8~ is moved to its restrained position by reset projection (68) mounted on the inside of the cover. As the activator (8) is returned towards iks restrained position by the reset projection (68) it engages the reset surface (78) of thP
catch (18) ausing pivotal movement of the catch (18) in the direotion of the arrows. The arm (24) of the catch (18~ ~ngages the rocker (263 causing pivotal ~ovement of the rocker (26) in the direction of the arrows. Movement of the rocker (26) c~usas engagement between the surface (35) and the projection ~34) on the vane (30). The point during the reset cycle at which this engagement will -occur depends upon the position of.the ~.a~ when the reset cyclP is commenced. If the vane is in its opened position the rocker will immediately engage the vane but if the vane is in the closed position, e.g. if the patient has exhaled through the mouthpiece, engagement sf the rocker and Yane will not occur until the end o~ the reset cycle. Engagement will occur part way through th~
reset cycle if the vane i~ in an intermediate position.
The mouthpiece (6)-may be integrally formed with the housing or may be removable for cleaning purposesO
Figure 10 o~ the drawings illustrates a removable mou~hpiece (6). The mouthpiece comprises a ~eg (70) which is engaged within slot (72~ in the~housing of the inhaler. The peg (70) may be disengaged ~ro~ the slot for complete removal of the mo~thpiece (6~. The mouthpiece (6) additionally comprises a retaining clip (74) which engages with the sides ~ aperture (76~ formed on the housing of the inhaler.
, , : ' ' :.' : ' : , . . :
w~ 92/08~n9 ~ 3 Pr.~/CB~1/01~8--Fig~res 11 and 12 illustrate an inhaler similar to that o~ Figures 1 to 10 having a modified triggering mechanism. Like numerals in these Figures represent like somponents in Figures l to 10.
The rocker (26) comprises an arm (82) which engages the arm (24) of the catoh (18) during the triggering and reset cycles. The catch comprises a blacking arm (86) which engages the activator (8) in its restrained position and reset arm (88) which engages the activator lO- (8) during the reset cycle. Th~ activator (8~ is bia~ed towards its dispensing position by spring (90).
Figure 11 shows the inhaler at the onset n~
inhalation through the mouthpiece (6) with the vane (30) lifting causing pivotal movement of the rocker (26) and catch (18) in the direction of the axrows.
Figure 12 shows the inhaler dispensing the medicament; the vane (30) has lifted to its open position causing sufficient movement of the rocker (26) and catch (18) such that the blocking arm (86) of the catch (18~
disengages the activator ~8) allowing the activator ~8) to pivot to its dispensing position under the influence of sp~in~ (90~. The im~c~or head (92) carried on the activ2tor (8) strikes the elongate carrier to dispen e powdered medicament into the airflow ~or inhalation by the patient.
~ hen the cover is closed, reset projection (68~
pushes the activator (8) back to its-restrained position thereby tensionin~ spring (90~. During the reset cycle the activator engages reset arm ~) o~ the catch (1~) causing pivotal movement of th~ catch (1~). The arm (24) o~ the catch (18) sngages arm (82) of the rocker (26) causing pivotal movement of the rocker (26). Sur~ace ~35) oP the rocker 2ngages projection (34) oE the.vane (30) to complcte vane closure ~hereby rese~ting the riggering m~chanism. Upon complete clo~ure o~ the cover . (4) ~he reset projection preferably moves out of contact with the activator (8) a~d is positioned within recess (94) Pormed in the activator (~) to ensure that the activator (8) is restrained by the catch (18) with no vl~2/0~5~9 ~ 5 9 2:~
strain on the cover (4). This ar-rang~ent ~lso allows the cover (4) to be fully closed.
In the inhalation flevi~es il.lustrated by Figures 1 to 12, the rocker (26) i5 arrang~!d such that it is unable to rotate so far clockwise as to no longer be engagabl2 by the catch (18) and suoh that t:he surface (35) of the rocker (26) extends sufficiently to ensure that the projection (34) of the vane (30) is always engagahle.
Figures 13(a) to (c) represent an inhaler similar to those disclosed in.Figures 1 to.12 in which the trig~ering mechanism comprises a vane (30), catch (18) and activator (8). The rocker of the previous triggering mechanisms i5 omitted and the catch (18) comprises a long arm (96) which angages the projection (34) on the vane (30). As inhalation commences (Figure 13~b)) the vane (30) lifts causing the catch (18) to pivot in the direction o~ the arrow~. When the vane (30) lifts to its open position (Figure 13(c)) the catch (18) disengages the activator (8) causing it to move to its dispensing position under the torque provided by ~pring (30). The triggering mechanism is reset by closing the cover (4), reset prDjeoti~n t68) moving ~e activator (8) hack to its restrained position, the activator engaging reset arm (88) on the catch (18), which in turn engages the pro~ection (34) on the vane (30) with arm (96)l thereby completing the reset cycle.
Figure 14 illustrates the application o~ the triggering asse~bly of the invention to a pressurised aerosol inhaler of the type disclosed in European Patent No. 147028 and co~mercially available unde.r the registered trade marks AEROLIN AUTOHALER. ~i~ure 14 . show~ the displensing end of the inhaler comprising a housing llO0) having a mou~hpiece (102) and containing a pressurised aero.sol container equipped with a metering valve, g~nerally shown at ~104~. The valve s~em ~106) is retained within a nozzle bloc~ (108). The valve i5 actuated to dispense a metered dose o~ medicament by moving the valve stem (106) inwardly relative to the container.
W~92~08509 ~ 2 3 P~T/C~91/01~8 1~
The triggering mechanism comprises a vane ( 110) pivotally mounted at (112) having a projection (114) which engages arm (116) on rooker (118). ~he rocker (llB) is pivotally mounted at (120) and has a projection (122~ engaging arm (124) of catch (126). CatGh (126) comprises a blocking axm (128) whiLch engages activator ~130) and a res~t arm (132). ~ blocking l.ever (134) is pivotally mounted at (136) and has one end (138) which engages shoulder (140) of the aotivator (130) and a second end (142) which ~buts the valve ferrule (144).
The activator (130) is provided with a reset spring (146).
In use a priming force is applied to the aerosol contain~r in the direction of tha arrow in Figure 14(b), for example by pushing a lever (not shown) on the top of the inhaler which acts to compress a spring against the base of the aerosol container.
The priming force exceeds the force on the ret~rn spring (146) and movement of the aerosol container is prevented by t~e blocking lever (134) abutting the valve ferrule, movement of the blocking lever (134) being p~evented by the ~estrained activator ~130). The activator (130) is thus biased towards its dispensing position under the in~luence of that part of the priming force which reaches the activator (130) via the bl~cking lever (134), which part force exceeds the opposing force fro~ the return spring (146). As the patient be~in~ to inhale through the ~outhpiece (102) (Figure 14(b)) the vane (llO) starts to lift causing pivotal movem~nt of the .
rocker ~118) and catch (126) in the direction of the arrows.- When the vane (llO) is ~ully open the msvement transferred via the rocker (118) tolthe catch ~126) is sufficient to d:isengage the catch (126) from the activator. The priming force transmitted through th~
aerosol container, valve ferrule and blocking lever (1343 to the activato:r (130) is sufficient for the actiYator (130l to pivot as shown in Figure 14~c) which allows pi~otal movement of the blocking lever (134) thereby enabling downwa:rd movement of the aerosol co~tainer .... , , . .. , . , ~
~92/08509 12 ~ ~9 5 9 ~ 3 PCT/C B91/01s983 firing the valve to dispense a ~ose of medicament~ When tbe dose has been administered the priming force is removed a~d the aerosol container is raised under the - influ~nce of the internal spring in th~ valv2 ~not shown). The reset spring tl46) causes the activator (130) to pivot towards its restrained posi.tion which movement of the activator causes pivotal movement of the blocking lever to its blocking position. The movement of the activator (130) is transferred to the catch (126) and ~0 thence tQ.the.r~cker (118) and thence to the van2 (~10) t~ complete the reset cycle in a similar manner to the triggering mechanism illustrated in Figures 11 and 12.
Figures 15(a) and 15(b) illustrate the trigyering and reset sequences of a two component triggering mechanism comprising a vane (150) and activator (154).
The vane (150) is pivoted at (lS2) ~nd the activator is pivoted at (156) and is biased in the clockwise d~rection. When the vane (150) is closed the a~tivator (154) is h~ld in its restrained position by the blocking 2G action o~ projection (158) near the end o~ the vane (150)o As the vane (150) is pivoted under the influence of-airflow, the proj~ction .(158) disengages.the activa~or (154) allowing it tD move to its dispensing position.
During the reset cycle (Figure 15~b)) the activator (lS4) is urged to its restrained position causing it to engage a r~set surface (lZ0) on the end of the vane (152) pivoting the vane to its closed positi.on thereby retaining the activator in its restrained position.
~ . .
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, ~ . ...
Alternatively, or in addition, the carrier may be wound on a take-up spool, rotation of t~e ~pool directly or via a drive belt causing the carrier to advancs. The device may also include means for tensioning or otherwise maintaining the exposed area of the carrier within the chamber during inhalation by the patient.
The elongate carrier may be advanced into th~
cha~ber prior to inh~lation by the patient or the carrier may be advanced into the aerosolisation chamber during inhalation to protect the powdered medicament from premature exposure.
In the~pre~erred embodiment the elongate carrier is stored in a cassette hoth before and a~ter exposure. The cassette may comprise one or pr~ferably two spools together with idlers or other rollers and include an exposure frame positioned within the chamber, through which the carrier is advanced. The cassette may be removable to allow the device to be recharged with a new cassette. However, it is not essenkial for the exposed areas of the carrier to be retained within the device and spent carrier may be advanced to the exteriox o~ the device through a slot in the housing whereupon disposal may be effected by th~ patient; optionally with the aid of a~cutting edye. This arrangement is particularly suitable for a tape carrier which has transv~rse per~orations to ~acilitate tearing off spent carriex.
The devic~e pre~erably additionally comprises means for releasing medicament of respirable size from the exposed area of carrier indep~ndent of the p~tients' - . . . ..
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~ ':: ,. ' : . ', : , W092/08509 2 ~ ~ r ~ 2 3 PCT/~91/01~8?~`
inspiratory effort. The medicament release means overcomes the binding of the mPdicament particles to the carrier by mechanical effort e.g. impaction, vibrations, gas flow etc. or electrostatically.
The means for releasing medicament from the carrier during inhalation is preferably triggered in response to the patient inhaling in ~rder to avoid the patient having to synchronise inhalation and actuation of the release mechanism. Airflow deteclion may conveniently b~
10 - acco~plished by.means of a movable vane positioned within the chamb~r or patient port, ~otion o~ the vane causing actuation of the release mechanism. Such a vane may also be constructed to prevent a patient ~xhaling through the device and/or to prevent exhaled air ~rom reaching the stored carrier thereby avoiding any problems associated with moisture.
The present invention provides an improved triggering mechanism which is suitable for use in such an inhalation device and may also be employed in other dry powder or pressurised aerosol inhalation devices.
According to the present invention there is provided an inha~ation d-evice for-adm~nis~ration of aerosolised medicament to the respiratory system o~ a patient comprising a housing de~ining a patlent port in the form 25 of a mouthpiece or nasal adaptor and an air inlet, the housing containing m~ans for dispen~ing a dose of a~rosolised medicament, an inhalation-activatable triggering mechanism for initiating the dispensing means, and resPt meansl in which the triggering mechanism comprises a vane mounted ~or pivotal movement between closed and open positiuns, the van~ being positioned .such that inhalation through the patient port generates an air ~low ~rom the air inl~t to the patient port causing pivotal ~ovement of the vane, and an activator component ~ovable between a restrained position and a disp~ns~rlg pcsit:ion which movement ~auses di~pensing o~
medicament ~rom the di~pensing means, the activator co~ponent ~eing biased towards its dispensing position, - . .. . .. . . .
..... .. .;.. . .... .
,. .. ~
~"092/08~09 ~ ~ 9 5 ~ 2 3 PCT/CBg1/0l983 the triS ~ring mechanism being constructed and arr~nqed such that:
a) when the activator component is in the restrained position and the vane is in the closed position th~ activator component is held in its restrained position by mechanical blocking action of the van~ either directly by the vane or via one or more movable intermediate componsnts whose movements to release the mechanical blocking action are controlled by 10 the.. vane, b) pivotal movement of the vane from its closed to its open position removes said mechanical blocking action allowing movement of the activator component to its dispensing position and c) operation of the reset means causes movement of the activator component from its dispersing to its restrained position whish movement causes, ~irectly or indirectly via one or more intermediate componen~s, the vane to move from its open or a partially open position to its closed position i~ the vane is not closed.
Preferably, the activator component is arranged to mo~e pivotal~ly between its restrained position an~ i's dispensing position, but it may alternatively be arranged to move reciprocally, linearly or in some other fashion.
The invention provides a triggering mechanis~ for actuating an inhaler device which obviates the need for handling co-ordination ~y~he patient and actuates at low flow-rates, e.g., 30 litres per minute, within the capabilities of ~most a~thma sufferers. ~he components o~
the triggering mechanism are ~rran~ed such that they may ~echanically.interengage du.ring the reset cycle thus by ~i~ply returning the act~vator co~ponent to its restrained position it is positi~ely.enæured that.~he .
. o her co~ponent~s are returned to th~ir respective : .
positions ready for the next triggexing se~uence. This arrangement ensures the ~echanism will be reset regardless of the orientation of the inhaler device during the rese-t procedure sin~e it does not rely on gravity to return any of the components to the required ., .. . . ..... , .. ,.. ,.. . ~ . ... . . .
. ~ . ' . .
~ ' ' :' ',': ' ' . '': ' W092/08509 ,~ PCT/GB91/0198?'-position. Furthermore, since the various components interengage during the reset cycle there are no probl~ms associated with synchronisation of di~ferent movirlg parts of the mechar~ism.
The vane is conveniently positioned within the patient port of the inhalation device and may be arranged such that it may be wholly or partially r~turned from its open to its closed position prior to the reset cycle providing it i5 then positively engaged by a component of the.~riggering.mechanism as the.mechanism is reset. This freedom of movement of the vane, ~hich may take place under the in~luence of gravity should the patient's inhalation falter or which may take place should the patient exhale throu~h the patient port, allows the mouthpiece to be closed by the vane preventing contaminants entering the housing prior to resetting the triggering mechanism. The vane pivot point is ordinarily positioned towards one end of the vane.
The triggering mechanism is paxticularly suitable for use in the ir~alation dev,ices of Internationa Publication Nos~ W090/13327 and W090/l3328. However, the triggering mech~nism may read~ e employed i~other dry powder and pressurised aerosol devices which utilise a biased activator component.
In its simplest form the triggering mechanism may simply comprise a vane and activator component. In such an arrangement the vane oomprises blocking and reset surfaces positioned at an end of the vane near the pivot point,-e.g. by providir1g a pair of projections or arms on the vane, such that:
a) when the ac~ivator component is in the restrained positio1n and the vane is-in the closed position the blocking sur~ace mechan~.cally engages the activator co~po~ent preventing movement o~ the activator co~ponent ~rvm its rQstrained position.
b) when the vane is pivoted fxom its closed.to open position the blocking surface is moved out of mechanical engi~ge~ent with th~ activator component allowing it to move fro~ the restrain~d to the dispensing position and , .. ..
.; , ,,, ,, ,",, ,, ~ ,~. . j, ,, ; ..
. .
~92~08509 ~ ~9.~ 2:3 PCT/~B91/01~83 o) operation of the reset means to move the activator component from its dispensing ~o its reskrained position causes engagement of the reset s~rface by the activator component pivoting the vane to its closed position thereby mechanically hlocking the activator component in its restrained posit:ion.
It is not always convenient 1:o position the activator component close to the ~Jane in some inhalation devices and it may be convenient to employ one or more lQ. intermediate components between ~he vane and activator,to allow separation thereof.
For example, a three component triggering ~echanism may comprise a vane, catch and activator component, the catch being pivotally mounted for movement between a blocking posltion in which it mechanically blocks movement of the activator component from its restrained position and a release position in which it allows movement of the activator component to its dispensing position, the catch and vane each havin~ a respective engagable end which allows movement transfer therebetween, the catch having a second end having a blocking-surface which en~ages the activator component in its restrained position and a reset sur~ace which is engaged by the activator component during movement from - 25 its disp~nsing to its restrained position under the influence of the reset means thereby causing movement of the catch to its blocking position and vàne to its closed position.
A four co~ponent triggering mechanism may comprise a vane, rocker, oatch and activator component, the catch being pivotally mounted for movement between a blocking position in which it mechanically blocks movement of the actlvator comporlent ~ro~ its restrained position and a release position in which it allows movement o~ the activator component to its dispensi~g positionr the rocker being mo~mted for pivotal movement and having one , end engagable with one end of the v~ne to allow movement tran~er therebetween and a second end enga~able with the cakch to allow n1ovemel1t trans~er therebetween, the catch :; ~ . . :
WO92/OB509 ~ 9 2 3 8 PC~/GB91/019P' having a blocking surface which engages the activator component in its restrained position and a reset surface which is engaged by the activator component duri~g movement from its dispensing to its restrained position und~r the influence of the reset means thereby causing movement of ~he catch to its blocking position, and movement of the rocker and thereby movement o~ the vane to its closed position~
Whilst the use o~ three or four component triggering mechanisms may Lmpar~..additional frictio~ into the system at the pivot points and contacting sur~aces, the friction may readily be overcome by positioning th~ pivot points to gain a mechanical advantage on the lever principle.
The use of such a multi-component triggering mechanism also readily allows the triggering mechanism to be ~itted into available areas in the inhalation device since it doas not require the presence o~ a long straight lever, and the piYot points of the components need not be arranged linearly.
The reset means ~or the triggering mechanism pre~erably acts directly on the activator component and moves it against its biasin~.means back to its re~trained position. The reset means may conveniently take the form of a projection on a hinged cover for the mouthpiece such that the inhalation device is rPset wh~n the cover is closed a~ter the patient has used the device.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figures 1 to lO represent a cross section through an inhaler in accordance with the invention illustrating the various stages of operation, Figures 11 and 12 repres~nt cross~sections through a second inhale-- :in a~cordance with the invention, F.igures 13(a) to 13(c) repres~nt dï~grams o~ a f~rther triggcr:ing mechanis~ for use in the in~ention, Figures 14(a) to 14 (G) represent paxtial cross-sections of ~n :inhaler in accordance with the invention having a pressuxised aerosol container, and F~gures l5(a~ and 15(b) represent diagrams o~ the .. , ., . ....................... - .. - ............... . .
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~92/08S09 2 0 9 ~ 9 ~3 PC~`/GB91/01983 triggering and reset cycles o~ a two component triggering mechanism.
The inhaler of Figures 1 to :L0 is of a type disclosed in International Publication No. WO90/1332~, the medicament being carried on a tape contained within removable cassette.
In Figures 1 to l0 like numerals represent like parts .
Figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings illustrate a section.through an inhaler with the cassette removed. The inhaler comprises a housing (2), a movable cover (4) and a patient port (6) in the for~ of a mouthpiece.
The means ~or releasing medicament is in the form of lS an activator generally shown at (~) which comprises an impactor head (l0~ for striking the elongate carrier, the impactor head being attached to a stem ~l2) which is mounted for movement and rotation about point ~14). A~
i~pactor spring ( 15) provides a bias to move the -!
activator to its dispensing position and is secured to the stem (12) and has a roller (16) at one end thereofO
The activator is held in a ~estrained position by.a ca~ch (l8) which has a blocking sur~ace (20) in the form o~ a roller en~aging the impactor head ~lO) of the activator.
The catch (18) is mounted for pivotal movement about point ~22) and has an arm (24) engaged by rocker (26).
The ro~ker (26) is mounted ~or pi~otal movement abo11tl point (28). The means for detecting patient inspiration comprises a vane (30) positioned within the mouthpiece ~6). The vane (30) is mounted ~or pivotal movement about point (32)~and includes a projection ~34) which engages t~?~ surface (35) of tL~ rocker (26). ~
Figure 1 s:hows the devics with-the cover clo~ed and th~ components restrained. Opening of ~he cover (~iguxe 2) ~ause~ pivotal mov~ment o~ cam (36) acting on roller (163 thereby i~parting tension to the impactor spring ~l5). ~ovement o~ the impactor head (l0) is prevented by the catch (l8~. When the patient i~hales through the mouthpiece the vane (30) pivots as shown in the direction .. . . ..
WO 92/0~509 '~
Pcr/~sl/olss~
of the arrow . Pivotal movement of the vane ( 3 O ) in turn causes pivotal movement o~ th~ rocker ( 2 6 ) and pivot~l movement of the catch (18) as sho~n in the direction o~
the arrows, causing the roller (20) to li:Et clear o~ the impactor head (10) thereby allowing the activator to move in the direction of the arrow (A) (Figure 3) and the impactor head (10) to strike the elongate carrier.
The vane (30) is lifted to the top of the passage of the mouthpiece during inhalation. The end of the vane (30) inaludeq a curved portion (3:L) which extends in to the potential pathway for exhaled air, thereby ensuring the vane ( 3 0 ) will snap shut immediately, should the patient exhale through the mouthpiece (6) (Figur~
Alternatively, the ~ane may be straight, but a cur~e (not shown) in the roof of the mouthpiece may ensure that the end of the vane ~xtends into the potential pathway for exhaled air.
Fi~ure 5 illus~rates drive gear (403 which is connected to the cover (4) for rotation during opening of the cover (4). The drive gear (40) drives idler gear (42).
Re~erring to Figure 6,. th~ cassette gene~a~y shown at (44~, containing the elongate carrier, is inserted in the device and may be retainad by a pivoted catch ~46j.
The cassette (44) comprises a housing (48) (Figure 7) and contains spools (50 and 52), the elongate carrier (54) being wound on spool (50) and extending via rollers (56 and 58) to-spool (52).--A drive belt (60) passes round idler rollers (62) and contacts the caxriex (54) on spool t50~ throughout its ent:ire length around the rollers (56 and 58)~and on.spool (52). The drive belt also extends around driven roller (64).
When the cover.(4) is opened the gear train (40) is rotated cau~ing rotation of idler:gear ~42) ~nd driven roller t~4~, ther~by causing movement o~ the drive belt and advanaement o~ the tape (54). The driven roller-(64) includes a non-return ratchet generally shown at (66) and also includes a similar drive ratchet tnot shown) mounted lower on the shaft.
. :;,.. : . , . : .:,., " . ., .- . :., , .: .. . ~ .. , ;, ' ' , ;, ' , ,, ,.,, ., ~ .,:, ' , , ,, . ,......... :. . ": ,. ; . : , , , . . ~ , ~92/08509 ~ 2 ~ Pcr~cBgl~01983 Figure ~ illustrates the inhaler during inhalation through the mouthpiece. The impactor head (10) comprises a raised impactor surface (11) which strikes the drive belt (60) which is in contact with the tape (54) thereby imparting sufficient energy to the kape (54) to release the powdered medicament in to the air stream formed by the patientls inhalation.
Figure 9 illustrates the movement of thP various components durlng the reset cycle which is achieved by closing of the cover.. The activator (8~ is moved to its restrained position by reset projection (68) mounted on the inside of the cover. As the activator (8) is returned towards iks restrained position by the reset projection (68) it engages the reset surface (78) of thP
catch (18) ausing pivotal movement of the catch (18) in the direotion of the arrows. The arm (24) of the catch (18~ ~ngages the rocker (263 causing pivotal ~ovement of the rocker (26) in the direction of the arrows. Movement of the rocker (26) c~usas engagement between the surface (35) and the projection ~34) on the vane (30). The point during the reset cycle at which this engagement will -occur depends upon the position of.the ~.a~ when the reset cyclP is commenced. If the vane is in its opened position the rocker will immediately engage the vane but if the vane is in the closed position, e.g. if the patient has exhaled through the mouthpiece, engagement sf the rocker and Yane will not occur until the end o~ the reset cycle. Engagement will occur part way through th~
reset cycle if the vane i~ in an intermediate position.
The mouthpiece (6)-may be integrally formed with the housing or may be removable for cleaning purposesO
Figure 10 o~ the drawings illustrates a removable mou~hpiece (6). The mouthpiece comprises a ~eg (70) which is engaged within slot (72~ in the~housing of the inhaler. The peg (70) may be disengaged ~ro~ the slot for complete removal of the mo~thpiece (6~. The mouthpiece (6) additionally comprises a retaining clip (74) which engages with the sides ~ aperture (76~ formed on the housing of the inhaler.
, , : ' ' :.' : ' : , . . :
w~ 92/08~n9 ~ 3 Pr.~/CB~1/01~8--Fig~res 11 and 12 illustrate an inhaler similar to that o~ Figures 1 to 10 having a modified triggering mechanism. Like numerals in these Figures represent like somponents in Figures l to 10.
The rocker (26) comprises an arm (82) which engages the arm (24) of the catoh (18) during the triggering and reset cycles. The catch comprises a blacking arm (86) which engages the activator (8) in its restrained position and reset arm (88) which engages the activator lO- (8) during the reset cycle. Th~ activator (8~ is bia~ed towards its dispensing position by spring (90).
Figure 11 shows the inhaler at the onset n~
inhalation through the mouthpiece (6) with the vane (30) lifting causing pivotal movement of the rocker (26) and catch (18) in the direction of the axrows.
Figure 12 shows the inhaler dispensing the medicament; the vane (30) has lifted to its open position causing sufficient movement of the rocker (26) and catch (18) such that the blocking arm (86) of the catch (18~
disengages the activator ~8) allowing the activator ~8) to pivot to its dispensing position under the influence of sp~in~ (90~. The im~c~or head (92) carried on the activ2tor (8) strikes the elongate carrier to dispen e powdered medicament into the airflow ~or inhalation by the patient.
~ hen the cover is closed, reset projection (68~
pushes the activator (8) back to its-restrained position thereby tensionin~ spring (90~. During the reset cycle the activator engages reset arm ~) o~ the catch (1~) causing pivotal movement of th~ catch (1~). The arm (24) o~ the catch (18) sngages arm (82) of the rocker (26) causing pivotal movement of the rocker (26). Sur~ace ~35) oP the rocker 2ngages projection (34) oE the.vane (30) to complcte vane closure ~hereby rese~ting the riggering m~chanism. Upon complete clo~ure o~ the cover . (4) ~he reset projection preferably moves out of contact with the activator (8) a~d is positioned within recess (94) Pormed in the activator (~) to ensure that the activator (8) is restrained by the catch (18) with no vl~2/0~5~9 ~ 5 9 2:~
strain on the cover (4). This ar-rang~ent ~lso allows the cover (4) to be fully closed.
In the inhalation flevi~es il.lustrated by Figures 1 to 12, the rocker (26) i5 arrang~!d such that it is unable to rotate so far clockwise as to no longer be engagabl2 by the catch (18) and suoh that t:he surface (35) of the rocker (26) extends sufficiently to ensure that the projection (34) of the vane (30) is always engagahle.
Figures 13(a) to (c) represent an inhaler similar to those disclosed in.Figures 1 to.12 in which the trig~ering mechanism comprises a vane (30), catch (18) and activator (8). The rocker of the previous triggering mechanisms i5 omitted and the catch (18) comprises a long arm (96) which angages the projection (34) on the vane (30). As inhalation commences (Figure 13~b)) the vane (30) lifts causing the catch (18) to pivot in the direction o~ the arrow~. When the vane (30) lifts to its open position (Figure 13(c)) the catch (18) disengages the activator (8) causing it to move to its dispensing position under the torque provided by ~pring (30). The triggering mechanism is reset by closing the cover (4), reset prDjeoti~n t68) moving ~e activator (8) hack to its restrained position, the activator engaging reset arm (88) on the catch (18), which in turn engages the pro~ection (34) on the vane (30) with arm (96)l thereby completing the reset cycle.
Figure 14 illustrates the application o~ the triggering asse~bly of the invention to a pressurised aerosol inhaler of the type disclosed in European Patent No. 147028 and co~mercially available unde.r the registered trade marks AEROLIN AUTOHALER. ~i~ure 14 . show~ the displensing end of the inhaler comprising a housing llO0) having a mou~hpiece (102) and containing a pressurised aero.sol container equipped with a metering valve, g~nerally shown at ~104~. The valve s~em ~106) is retained within a nozzle bloc~ (108). The valve i5 actuated to dispense a metered dose o~ medicament by moving the valve stem (106) inwardly relative to the container.
W~92~08509 ~ 2 3 P~T/C~91/01~8 1~
The triggering mechanism comprises a vane ( 110) pivotally mounted at (112) having a projection (114) which engages arm (116) on rooker (118). ~he rocker (llB) is pivotally mounted at (120) and has a projection (122~ engaging arm (124) of catch (126). CatGh (126) comprises a blocking axm (128) whiLch engages activator ~130) and a res~t arm (132). ~ blocking l.ever (134) is pivotally mounted at (136) and has one end (138) which engages shoulder (140) of the aotivator (130) and a second end (142) which ~buts the valve ferrule (144).
The activator (130) is provided with a reset spring (146).
In use a priming force is applied to the aerosol contain~r in the direction of tha arrow in Figure 14(b), for example by pushing a lever (not shown) on the top of the inhaler which acts to compress a spring against the base of the aerosol container.
The priming force exceeds the force on the ret~rn spring (146) and movement of the aerosol container is prevented by t~e blocking lever (134) abutting the valve ferrule, movement of the blocking lever (134) being p~evented by the ~estrained activator ~130). The activator (130) is thus biased towards its dispensing position under the in~luence of that part of the priming force which reaches the activator (130) via the bl~cking lever (134), which part force exceeds the opposing force fro~ the return spring (146). As the patient be~in~ to inhale through the ~outhpiece (102) (Figure 14(b)) the vane (llO) starts to lift causing pivotal movem~nt of the .
rocker ~118) and catch (126) in the direction of the arrows.- When the vane (llO) is ~ully open the msvement transferred via the rocker (118) tolthe catch ~126) is sufficient to d:isengage the catch (126) from the activator. The priming force transmitted through th~
aerosol container, valve ferrule and blocking lever (1343 to the activato:r (130) is sufficient for the actiYator (130l to pivot as shown in Figure 14~c) which allows pi~otal movement of the blocking lever (134) thereby enabling downwa:rd movement of the aerosol co~tainer .... , , . .. , . , ~
~92/08509 12 ~ ~9 5 9 ~ 3 PCT/C B91/01s983 firing the valve to dispense a ~ose of medicament~ When tbe dose has been administered the priming force is removed a~d the aerosol container is raised under the - influ~nce of the internal spring in th~ valv2 ~not shown). The reset spring tl46) causes the activator (130) to pivot towards its restrained posi.tion which movement of the activator causes pivotal movement of the blocking lever to its blocking position. The movement of the activator (130) is transferred to the catch (126) and ~0 thence tQ.the.r~cker (118) and thence to the van2 (~10) t~ complete the reset cycle in a similar manner to the triggering mechanism illustrated in Figures 11 and 12.
Figures 15(a) and 15(b) illustrate the trigyering and reset sequences of a two component triggering mechanism comprising a vane (150) and activator (154).
The vane (150) is pivoted at (lS2) ~nd the activator is pivoted at (156) and is biased in the clockwise d~rection. When the vane (150) is closed the a~tivator (154) is h~ld in its restrained position by the blocking 2G action o~ projection (158) near the end o~ the vane (150)o As the vane (150) is pivoted under the influence of-airflow, the proj~ction .(158) disengages.the activa~or (154) allowing it tD move to its dispensing position.
During the reset cycle (Figure 15~b)) the activator (lS4) is urged to its restrained position causing it to engage a r~set surface (lZ0) on the end of the vane (152) pivoting the vane to its closed positi.on thereby retaining the activator in its restrained position.
~ . .
. .
, ~ . ...
Claims (12)
1. An inhalation device for administration of aerosolised medicament to the respiratory system of a patient comprising a housing defining a patient port in the form of a mouthpiece or nasal adaptor and an air inlet, the housing containing means for dispensing a dose of aerosolised medicament, an inhalation-activatable triggering mechanism for initiating the dispensing means, and reset means, in which the triggering mechanism comprises a vane mounted for pivotal movement between closed and open positions, the vane being positioned such that inhalation through the patient port generates an air flow from the air inlet to the patient port causing pivotal movement of the vane, and an activator component movable between a restrained position and a dispensing position which movement causes dispensing of medicament from the dispensing means, the activator component being biased towards its dispensing position, the triggering mechanism being constructed and arranged such that:
a) when the activator component is in the restrained position and the vane is in the closed position the activator component is held in its restrained position by mechanical blocking action of the vane either directly by the vane or via one or more movable intermediate components whose movements to release the mechanical blocking action are controlled by the vane, b) pivotal movement of the vane from its closed to its open position removes said mechanical blocking action allowing movement of the activator component to its dispensing position and c) operation of the reset means causes movement of the activator component from its dispensing to its restrained position which movement causes, directly or indirectly via one or more intermediate components, the vane to move from its open or a partially open position to its closed position if the vane is not closed.
a) when the activator component is in the restrained position and the vane is in the closed position the activator component is held in its restrained position by mechanical blocking action of the vane either directly by the vane or via one or more movable intermediate components whose movements to release the mechanical blocking action are controlled by the vane, b) pivotal movement of the vane from its closed to its open position removes said mechanical blocking action allowing movement of the activator component to its dispensing position and c) operation of the reset means causes movement of the activator component from its dispensing to its restrained position which movement causes, directly or indirectly via one or more intermediate components, the vane to move from its open or a partially open position to its closed position if the vane is not closed.
2. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 1 in which the vane comprises blocking and reset surfaces positioned at an end of the vane towards the pivot point such that:
a) when the activator component is in the restrained position and the vane is in the closed position the blocking surface mechanically engages the activator component preventing movement of the activator component from its restrained position.
b) when the vane is pivoted from its closed to open position the blocking surface is moved out of mechanical engagement with the activator component allowing it to move from the restrained to dispensing position and c) operation of the reset means to move the activator component from its dispensing to restrained position causes engagement of the reset surface by the activator component pivoting the vane to its closed position thereby mechanically blocking the activator component in its restrained position.
a) when the activator component is in the restrained position and the vane is in the closed position the blocking surface mechanically engages the activator component preventing movement of the activator component from its restrained position.
b) when the vane is pivoted from its closed to open position the blocking surface is moved out of mechanical engagement with the activator component allowing it to move from the restrained to dispensing position and c) operation of the reset means to move the activator component from its dispensing to restrained position causes engagement of the reset surface by the activator component pivoting the vane to its closed position thereby mechanically blocking the activator component in its restrained position.
3. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 1 in which the triggering mechanism comprises the vane, a catch and the activator component, the catch being pivotally mounted for movement between a blocking position in which it mechanically blocks movement of the activator component from its restrained position and a release position in which it allows movement of the activator component to its dispensing position, the catch and vane each having a respective engagable end which allows movement transfer therebetween, the catch having a second end having a blocking surface which engages the activator component in its restrained position and a reset surface which is engaged by the activator component during movement from its dispensing to its restrained position under the influence of the reset means thereby causing movement of the catch to its blocking position and vane to its closed position.
4. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 1 in which the triggering mechanism comprises the vane, a rocker, a catch and the activator component, the catch being pivotally mounted for movement between a blocking position in which it mechanically blocks movement of the activator component from its restrained position and a release position in which it allows movement of the activator component to its dispensing position, the rocker being mounted for pivotal movement, the rocker having one end engagable with one end of the vane to allow movement transfer therebetween and a second end engagable with the catch to allow movement transfer therebetween, the catch having a blocking surface which engages the activator component in its restrained position and a reset surface which is engaged by the activator component during movement from its dispensing to restrained position under the influence of the reset means thereby causing movement of the catch to its blocking position, and movement of the rocker and thereby movement of the vane to its closed position.
5. An inhalation device as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the vane is positioned within the patient port.
6. An inhalation device as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the vane is free to pivot from its open to closed position without operation of the reset means.
7. An inhalation device as claimed in any preceding Claim additionally comprising a cover movable between open and closed positions, such that closure of the cover causes movement of the activator component from its dispensing to its restrained position.
8. An inhalation device as claimed in any preceding Claim comprising a reservoir of medicament in the form of a dry powder and means to dispense a dose of said medicament.
9. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 8 in which the dry powder is carried on an elongate carrier and the dispenser means comprises means to strike a portion of the elongate carrier to dislodge dry powder from the elongate carrier when the activator component moves to its dispensing position.
10. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 9 in which the elongate carrier is wound on a spool, hub or reel within a cassette and the inhalation device comprises means to advance the carrier to sequentially expose areas.
for dispensing medicament therefrom.
for dispensing medicament therefrom.
11. An inhalation device as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7 which comprises a pressurised aerosol container equipped with a metered dose dispensing valve.
12. An inhalation device as claimed in Claim 11 which comprises means to apply a priming force to the dispensing valve and in which the triggering mechanism exerts a blocking action preventing actuation of the dispensing valve, the blocking action being removed when the activator component moves to its dispensing position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9024760.2 | 1990-11-14 | ||
| GB909024760A GB9024760D0 (en) | 1990-11-14 | 1990-11-14 | Inhalation device and medicament carrier |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2095923A1 true CA2095923A1 (en) | 1992-05-15 |
Family
ID=10685367
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002095923A Abandoned CA2095923A1 (en) | 1990-11-14 | 1991-11-12 | Inhalation device |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5408994A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0557333B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06502095A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU655610B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2095923A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69122118T2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9024760D0 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ240562A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992008509A1 (en) |
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| US3456645A (en) * | 1967-01-19 | 1969-07-22 | Dart Ind Inc | Inhalation-actuated aerosol dispensing device |
| US3456644A (en) * | 1967-01-19 | 1969-07-22 | Dart Ind Inc | Inhalation-actuated aerosol dispensing device |
| US3565070A (en) * | 1969-02-28 | 1971-02-23 | Riker Laboratories Inc | Inhalation actuable aerosol dispenser |
| BE758834A (en) * | 1969-11-13 | 1971-05-12 | Riker Laboratoires Inc | AEROSOL DISPENSER ACTIVATED BY INHALATION |
| GB1383761A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1974-02-12 | Woodcraft Dc | Inhalation device for use with an aerosol container |
| GB8328808D0 (en) * | 1983-10-28 | 1983-11-30 | Riker Laboratories Inc | Inhalation responsive dispensers |
| US4803978A (en) * | 1985-08-09 | 1989-02-14 | Johnson Iv John J | Apparatus for actuating an inhaler |
| US5119806A (en) * | 1987-05-12 | 1992-06-09 | Glaxo Inc. | Inhalation device |
| US5031610A (en) * | 1987-05-12 | 1991-07-16 | Glaxo Inc. | Inhalation device |
| GB8909891D0 (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1989-06-14 | Riker Laboratories Inc | Device |
-
1990
- 1990-11-14 GB GB909024760A patent/GB9024760D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-11-12 AU AU88733/91A patent/AU655610B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-12 WO PCT/GB1991/001983 patent/WO1992008509A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-11-12 NZ NZ240562A patent/NZ240562A/en unknown
- 1991-11-12 CA CA002095923A patent/CA2095923A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-11-12 JP JP3518230A patent/JPH06502095A/en active Pending
- 1991-11-12 EP EP91919636A patent/EP0557333B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-12 DE DE69122118T patent/DE69122118T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-12 US US08/050,440 patent/US5408994A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69122118T2 (en) | 1997-02-13 |
| EP0557333B1 (en) | 1996-09-11 |
| AU8873391A (en) | 1992-06-11 |
| EP0557333A1 (en) | 1993-09-01 |
| AU655610B2 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
| NZ240562A (en) | 1994-12-22 |
| US5408994A (en) | 1995-04-25 |
| DE69122118D1 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
| WO1992008509A1 (en) | 1992-05-29 |
| JPH06502095A (en) | 1994-03-10 |
| GB9024760D0 (en) | 1991-01-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |