CA2092287C - Controlled release verapamil tablet - Google Patents
Controlled release verapamil tabletInfo
- Publication number
- CA2092287C CA2092287C CA002092287A CA2092287A CA2092287C CA 2092287 C CA2092287 C CA 2092287C CA 002092287 A CA002092287 A CA 002092287A CA 2092287 A CA2092287 A CA 2092287A CA 2092287 C CA2092287 C CA 2092287C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- verapamil
- gum
- controlled release
- tablet
- excipient
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/275—Nitriles; Isonitriles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
- A61K9/2018—Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
- A61K9/2077—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/06—Antiarrhythmics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
Abstract
Controlled release verapamil tablets are disclosed. The tablets include an excipient having a hydrophilic material, prefer-ably containing a mixture of xanthan gum/locust bean gum, and an inert diluent.
Description
WO 93~01803 2 0 ~ 2 2 8 7 - Pcr/us92los7l2 C'~NTROr r~r n RELEASE VERAPA~.IL TABLET
BA~ r~f,~fJv~L~ OF ~F~ INVENTION
Many attempts have been made in the rh~ tical art to provide a method by which 15 therapeutically active ~ . Ls can be directly tableted or mixed with a direct compression vehicle and thereafter directly tableted.
Very few therapeutically active medicaments can be directly tableted due to unacceptable flow characteristics and es6ible factors of the crystalline or powdered medicament, and also due to the small amounts of ~ t needed to provide the desired effect. Therefore, it is a common practice to use an inert ingredient, i . e . excipients, diluents, f i11ers, binders and the like, such that the combination of the same with the medicament provides a material which can be directly compressed into tablets. In order to provide a directly compressible product, these excipients must have certain physical properties, including flowability, sufficient particle size distribution, binding ability, acceptable bulk and tap densities, and acceptable dissolution properties in order to release the medicament upon oral administration.
U.S. Patent No. 3,639,169 (Broeg, et al.) discloses 2 ~9 2 2 8 7 -2- PCI/US92~05712 one such direct ~u_~,Lession vehicle for a therapeutically active medicament which consists of an insoluble or soluble diluent such as lactose dispersed in a matrix of hydrophilic hydratable high polymer such as hydrophilic polysaccharides, hydrocolloids or protC~in;~ceO11~
materials. The polymer, diluent and water are mixed and the resulting dispersion is dried, forming a filll. The cooled film is rL _ Led, ground to the desired particle 6ize and then blended with a desired medicament.
In another method disclosed in U.S. 3,079,303 (Raff, et al. ), a granular excipient for making tablets is prepared by spray drying a slurry of 50-989~ filler, 1-50%
disintegrant, and 1-50% binder. A r~ L i5 then added to the excipient and the f inished product is tableted.
It has become desirable to provide phA~~ceutical formulations which utilize slow release profiles, an objective not contemplated in Broeg, et al., Raff, et al.
or other similar prior art. The advantages of slow release products are well known in the rh~rn-^~eutical field and include the ability to maintain a desired blood level over a longer period of time while increasing patient compliance by reducing the number of administrations npc~cc~ry to achieve the same.
Slow release excipients have been developed which attain their goals by a wide variety of methods. For instance, U.S. Patent No. 3,62g,393 (Nakamoto~ utilizes a three-~ ~nt system to provide slow release tablets in which granules of an active ingredient with a hydrophobic salt of a fatty acid and a polymer are combined with granules of a hydrocolloid and a carrier 3 2 0 9 2 2 ~ 7 PCI/US92/05712 and granules of a carrier and an active or a buffering agent and then directly - e ~6ed into tablets . U. S .
Patent No. 3,728,445 (Bardani) discloses slow release tablets f ormed by mixing an active ingredient with a - 5 solid sugar excipient, granulating the same by moistening with a cellulose acetate phthalate solution, I:v~uL~t ing the solvent, recovering the granules and compressing under high pLeS~uLe:. These disclosures concentrate their attention to the type and combination of polymers and/or gums used, and processes for mixing the same, and therefore have not provided a directly essible form of gums/polymers and adjuvants which can be used for a wide range of medicaments.
Other slow release excipients are disclosed in the prior art which are directed to particular therapeutically active medicaments.
In one such disclosure, U.S. Patent No. 3,456,049, (Hotko, et al.), a slow release benzo~h;~li A7i nP diuretic tablets are prepared by mixing a fatty substance such as hydrogenated vegetable oil, alginic acid, a granulating liquid, a potassium salt and the benzo~h; ~ ine. The wet mass is screened, dried and then compressed into tablets. Similarly, U.S. Patent No. 4,692,337 (Ukigaya, et al. ) provides a slow release excipient for theophylline which utilizes 5-200 parts of ethyl cellulose for each 100 parts theophylline, and optionally contains a f iller such as lactose or a lubricant . The ingredients are mixed and compression molded into tablets . In yet another example, U . S . Patent No .
BA~ r~f,~fJv~L~ OF ~F~ INVENTION
Many attempts have been made in the rh~ tical art to provide a method by which 15 therapeutically active ~ . Ls can be directly tableted or mixed with a direct compression vehicle and thereafter directly tableted.
Very few therapeutically active medicaments can be directly tableted due to unacceptable flow characteristics and es6ible factors of the crystalline or powdered medicament, and also due to the small amounts of ~ t needed to provide the desired effect. Therefore, it is a common practice to use an inert ingredient, i . e . excipients, diluents, f i11ers, binders and the like, such that the combination of the same with the medicament provides a material which can be directly compressed into tablets. In order to provide a directly compressible product, these excipients must have certain physical properties, including flowability, sufficient particle size distribution, binding ability, acceptable bulk and tap densities, and acceptable dissolution properties in order to release the medicament upon oral administration.
U.S. Patent No. 3,639,169 (Broeg, et al.) discloses 2 ~9 2 2 8 7 -2- PCI/US92~05712 one such direct ~u_~,Lession vehicle for a therapeutically active medicament which consists of an insoluble or soluble diluent such as lactose dispersed in a matrix of hydrophilic hydratable high polymer such as hydrophilic polysaccharides, hydrocolloids or protC~in;~ceO11~
materials. The polymer, diluent and water are mixed and the resulting dispersion is dried, forming a filll. The cooled film is rL _ Led, ground to the desired particle 6ize and then blended with a desired medicament.
In another method disclosed in U.S. 3,079,303 (Raff, et al. ), a granular excipient for making tablets is prepared by spray drying a slurry of 50-989~ filler, 1-50%
disintegrant, and 1-50% binder. A r~ L i5 then added to the excipient and the f inished product is tableted.
It has become desirable to provide phA~~ceutical formulations which utilize slow release profiles, an objective not contemplated in Broeg, et al., Raff, et al.
or other similar prior art. The advantages of slow release products are well known in the rh~rn-^~eutical field and include the ability to maintain a desired blood level over a longer period of time while increasing patient compliance by reducing the number of administrations npc~cc~ry to achieve the same.
Slow release excipients have been developed which attain their goals by a wide variety of methods. For instance, U.S. Patent No. 3,62g,393 (Nakamoto~ utilizes a three-~ ~nt system to provide slow release tablets in which granules of an active ingredient with a hydrophobic salt of a fatty acid and a polymer are combined with granules of a hydrocolloid and a carrier 3 2 0 9 2 2 ~ 7 PCI/US92/05712 and granules of a carrier and an active or a buffering agent and then directly - e ~6ed into tablets . U. S .
Patent No. 3,728,445 (Bardani) discloses slow release tablets f ormed by mixing an active ingredient with a - 5 solid sugar excipient, granulating the same by moistening with a cellulose acetate phthalate solution, I:v~uL~t ing the solvent, recovering the granules and compressing under high pLeS~uLe:. These disclosures concentrate their attention to the type and combination of polymers and/or gums used, and processes for mixing the same, and therefore have not provided a directly essible form of gums/polymers and adjuvants which can be used for a wide range of medicaments.
Other slow release excipients are disclosed in the prior art which are directed to particular therapeutically active medicaments.
In one such disclosure, U.S. Patent No. 3,456,049, (Hotko, et al.), a slow release benzo~h;~li A7i nP diuretic tablets are prepared by mixing a fatty substance such as hydrogenated vegetable oil, alginic acid, a granulating liquid, a potassium salt and the benzo~h; ~ ine. The wet mass is screened, dried and then compressed into tablets. Similarly, U.S. Patent No. 4,692,337 (Ukigaya, et al. ) provides a slow release excipient for theophylline which utilizes 5-200 parts of ethyl cellulose for each 100 parts theophylline, and optionally contains a f iller such as lactose or a lubricant . The ingredients are mixed and compression molded into tablets . In yet another example, U . S . Patent No .
4,308,251 (Dunn, et al.) a sustained release controlling agent (cellulose ac~tate phthalate~ and l. 0-7 . 5 percent 2~922~ _4_ PCI/US92/05712 of an erosion-promoting agent (corn starch) by weight per tablet. A wet granular mass is ~ormed, drled, reduced ln particle size and ~ ssed into tablets.
Nore recently, a great deal of attention in the rhAr~-~eutical field has turned to the use of various hydrocolloid materials such as hyd-v~y,vlv~vylmethyl cellulose in providing a slow release matrix for a variety of medicaments.
For example, IJ.S. Patent No. 4,389,393 (Schor, et al. ~ describes a slow release carrier base material of one or more l~ydLvxy~lv~ylmethyl celluloses and up to 30%
by weight of a mixture of methylcellulose and up to 30%
by weight of a mixture of methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or cellulose ether which can be mixed with a medicament and other needed ingredients such as binders, lubricants, etc. and then tableted. At least one of the hydroxypropylmethyl celluloses must have a methyoxy content of 16-2496 by weight, a l-y.lLvxy~rv~yl content of 4-32% by weight, and a number average molecular weight of at least 50,000. The carrier base constitutes less than about one third of the weight of the solid unit dosage form.
It is acknowledged in Schor, et al. that in order to make tablets using this carrier base, other ingredients wl~ich are conventional in tablet making must npressArily be included, such as binders, fillers, disintegrating agents and the like. Only the completed mixture, which includes these additional ingredients, possess sufficient properties to produce tablets having the rPcPqc:Ary hardness and low level of friability. Thus, the carrier base of the Schor, et al. disclosure is not directed to WO 93/01803 2 0 9 2 2 8 7 PCltUS92105~tl the tableting aspects.
U.S. Patent No. 4,704,285 (Alderman) discloses 601id 510w release tablets containing 5-90% hydLu.Ly~lu~yl cellulose ether, 5-75% of an optional additional hydrophilic colloid such as hydLu~y~opylmethyl cellulose, an effective amount of an active medicament, and optional binders, lubricants, glidants filler, etc.
The hydLvx~ yl cellulose ether is in the form of a finely sized powder and provides a longer release pattern than identical compositions having coarser particles.
IIowever, Al ~iPr~n acknowledges the necessity of the additional excipients in order to form an acceptable solid table (i.e. fillers, binders, lubricants and glidants). In preferred Pmho~l;r-nts, these excipients comprise from 63 . 5-94% of the tablet.
The carrier bases which provide the slow release profiles in these disclosures can only be compressed into a tablet or a solid dosage form with the aid of other conventional tableting adjuvants such as binders and the like, and therefore contribute only to the slow release aspect of the final solid unit dosage form and not to the tableting aspects. In other words, in each of these disclosures, it is ~PrPq=Ary to first determine the physical properties of the active medicaments to be tableted and thereafter proceed through a series of trial and error experiments in order to determine the optimal amount of gums/polymers and other adjuvants to produce the right formulation which is free flowing and which can be compressed to a slow release solid dosage unit. This ~L~/ceduLe is time intensive and costly.
Similarly, slow release excipients disclosed to date wo93/l83209~,a8r~ -6- PCr/US92/0~712 which in1uLuoL~te virtually any synthetic polymer such as hydruxy~Lu~ylmethylcellulose, methyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrollidone, and any natural gum such as accacia, tragacanth, alginates, chitosan, xanthan, pectin and other to date have been mainly directed to the slow release aspect and do not satisfactorily address the tableting aspect. This is because these materials are not available in the nPrPcc~ry physical form that is essential for forming a solid un t dosage form.
The failure of slow release excipients such as the above to be regarded as to their tableting properties is due, for instance, to their nPrPcc~rily very fine particle size, which property does not lend itself well to flowability. Also, llydLuxyuLuuylmethyl cellulose polymers and the like are not particularly good binding agents, a problem which is amplified when other poorly binding excipients or ~ s are included in a formulation. Thus, at higher percentages of such polymers in the f inal mixture, it becomes dif f icult if not i - ;hle to provide a good flowing tablet formulation for direct c ~ ion without the use of further excipients, and experimentation.
The tableting aspect has been addressed, albeit unsatisfactorily, in U.S. Patent No. 4,590,062 (Jang).
Jang discloses a dry direct compressed slow release tablet containing from 0. 01 to 95 parts by weight of an ~ctive ingredient combined with a matrix blend of 1-96 parts of a wax, and a fatty acid material or neutral lipid. The tablets can be made by dry blending the active ingredients with the matrix blend and compressing.
ever, ~hile this c_in~tion o~ redients c~n WO 93/01803 _7_ 2 ~ 9 2 2 ~ ~ PCIrJus92/057l2 provide a directly compressible tablet, the formulator is still required to perform a great deal of experimentation to provide the correct release profile for the chosen r- li,-A- L, given the wide range of wax (used for its - 5 binding and _ ~tin~ properties) which can be included.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a free-flowing directly compressible controlled release excipient which can be used to provide a controlled release verapamil tablet.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a free-flowing directly ~ :~ssible slow release excipient which is relatively in.oYr~ncive to manufacture due to the lack of coatings and expensive ~ i L.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a controlled release verapamil tablet which can be manufactured by mixing verapamil with a premanufactured controlled release F~Y~ nt to provide a desired dissolution profile.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a controlled release tablet comprising verapamil as an active therapeutic agent and a pl n1~A~tured controlled release excipient, which, ~ r~n~lin~ upon the method of admixture with verapamil, provides different desirable dissolution profiles.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the above objects and others, the present invention is related to a tablet for the controlled releas~ of verapamil in th-- ~stro-intestinal 209228~
--tract, comprlslng a hydrophlllc materlal comprlslng a heteropolysaccharlde and a polysaccharlde gum capable of cross-llnklng the heteropolysaccharlde ln the presence of aqueous solutlons, an lnert pharmaceutlcal flller, and an effectlve amount of verapamll. The ratlo of lnert dlluent to sald hydrophlllc gum matrlx 18 preferably from about 4:1 to about 0.67:1. The ratlo of verapamll to the hydrophlllc materlal 18 preferably f rom about 3: l to about 1: 3 .
In preferred embodlments of the present lnventlon, the heteropolysaccharlde comprlses a xanthan gum, and the polysaccharlde gum comprlses locust bean gum.
In one aspect, the lnventlon provldes, a tablet for the controlled release of verapamll ln the gastro-lntestlnal tract, comprlslng a controlled release exclplent comprlslng a hydrophlllc gum matrlx comprlslng a xanthan gum and locust bean gum ln a ratlo of from about 3:1 to about 1:35 and an lnert dlluent selected from the group conslstlng of a osa~r~iqrlde, a dlsaccharlde, a polyhydrlc alcohol, and mixtures thereof, the ratlo o~ sald lnert dlluent to sald hydrophlllc gum matrlx belng from about 4:1 to about 0.67:1, and an effectlve amount of verapamll, the ratlo of verapamll to sald hydrophlllc gum mat rlx belng f rom about 3 :1 to about l: 3 .
In a ~urther aspect, the lnvent lon provldes a method for preparlng a controlled release verapamll formulatlon, comprls lng preparlng a hydrophlllc gum matrlx comprlslns~ xanthan gum and locust bean gum ln a rat lo of about l: l:
68968- l l . ~
mlxlng sald hydrophlllc gum matrlx wlth an lnert dlluent selected from the group conslstlng of a .n~ ch~qrlde~ a dlsaccharlde, a polyhydrlc alcohol, and mlxtures thereof, ln a ratlo of sald lnert dlluent to sald hydrophlllc gum matrlx f rom about 4 l to about 0 . 67 517 comblnlng the mlxture of hydrophlllc gum matrlx~lnert dlluent wlth verapamll, such that the ratlo of verapamll to sald nydrophlllc gum matrlx/lnert dlluent mlxture 18 from about l . 0 . 0 . 4 t o about l . 0, 0 . 7 7 and compresslng the resultant mlxture to form solld tablets havlng a deslred dosage of verapamll, the verapamll belng released accordlng to a deslred dissolutlon proflle when exposed to gastrlc fluld.
In certaln preferred ~ s of the present lnventlon, the verapamll tablets provlde a controlled release product whereln about 50 percent of the verapamll contA1n~d ln the tablet wlll dlssolve ln dlstllled water wlthln about 2-5 hours lf a 4-8 hour doslng preparatlon 18 deslred.
In a preferred: '_'1r ', the present lnventlon ls related to a tablet for the controlled release of verapamll ln the gastro-lntestlnal tract, comprlslng a controlled release exclplent comprlslng a hydrophlllc materlal comprlslng about 25 to about 55 percent, and most preferably 30 percent by welght hydrophlllc materlal comprlslng xanthan gum and locust bean gum ln a ratlo of about 1-1, and ~rom about 75 percent to about 45 percent by welght lnert dlluent I and an e~fectlve amount of verapamll. In most preferred ~ 18, the ratlo of verapamll to the hydrophlllc materlal 18 ~rom about 1Ø0.4 - 8a -68968-ll 2a~2287 In certaln ~ Ls of the lnventlon, the - 8b -68968-ll W093/01803 20~2as~ PCI~US92/05712 _g_ verapamil is dry granulated with the controlled release PY~;riPnt prior to tableting.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the verapamil is wet granulated with the controlled release excipient prior to tableting.
In yet other embodiments of the present invention, a first portion of the verapamil is dry granulated with a first portion of said controlled release excipient, and a second portion of the verapamil is wet granulated with a second portion of the controlled release excipient, the dry granulated portion and the wet granulated portion being combined prior to tableting.
The controlled release verapamil tablets thus formed slowly release verapamil when ingested and exposed to gastric fluids. By varying the amount of excipient relative to verapamil, the amount of excipient relative to inert filler, and the method of admixture of the excipient with verapamil, the controlled release profile of the tablets of the invention can be altered.
nT rrATT T n DESCRIPTION OF TTTT` INVENTION
The excipients of the present invention have been preoptimized by providing an excipient product which may be mixed with a wide range of medicaments and directly compressed into solid dosage forms, without the aid of the usual pharmaceutical dry or wet binders, fillers, disintegrants, glidants etc., which must be added in prior art compositions to obtain an acceptable solid dosage f orm . Thus, the excipients of the present invention substantially overcome the need for conducting further experiment~ ion needed to optimize release 2~92a8~
WO 93/01803 PCr/US92/05712 --10- ~ ~
characteristics and tableting properties for a particular therapeutically active medicament.
In other words, the controlled release excipient used in the present invention provides a product which contains a combination of ingredients in preselected proportions to each other which provides a desired controlled/slow release profile~for a wide variety of drugs. Thus, once the excipient product is admixed with an active ~ r-nt (and preferably with a lubricant) in a ratio to the hydrophilic matrix in accordance with the present invention, the resulting mixture may be directly compressed into solid dosage forms.
Xanthan gum, the preferred heteropolysaccharide, is produced by microorganisms, for instance, by fermentation with the organism xan~h~ ~c ~ ~.,LLis. l~ost preferred is xanthan gum which is a high molecular weight (>106) heteropolysaccharide. Xanthan gum contains D-glucose, D-mannose, D-glucuronate in the molar ratio of 2.8:2.0:20, and is partially acetylated with about 4.7%
acetyl. Xanthan gum also includes about 396 pyruvate, which is attached to a single unit D-glu~ yL - yl side - chain as a ~L. It dissolves in hot or cold water and the viscosity of a~ueous solutions of xanthan gum is only slightly affected by changes in the pH of a solution 2 5 between 1 and 11.
Other preferred heteropolysaccharides include derivatives of xanthan gum, such as deacylated xanthan gum, the caLl,oxy Lhyl ether, and the propylene glycol ester.
The polysaccharide gums used in the present invention which are capable of cross-linking with the WO 93/01803 2 ~ 9 2 2 8 7 PCI/US92/05712 heteropolysaccharide include the galact~ nn~nq, i.e., polysaccharides which are ~ s~d solely of mannose and galactose .
A possible F-~h~n;cn~ for the interaction between the galactr---nn~n and the heteropolysaccharide involves the interaction between the helical regions of the heteropolysaccharide and the unsubstituted mannoSe regions of the galac~ nn~n~ Galactr--nn~n~ which have higher proportions of unsubstituted mannose regions have been found to achieve more interaction with the heteropolysaccharide. Hence, locust bean gum, which has a higher ratio of mannose to the q~l~ctl~qe, is ~spPci~lly preferred as compared to other galact~ nn~nq such as guar and hydroxypropyl guar.
The term "heteropolysaccharide" as used in the present invention is defined as a water-soluble polysaccharide containing two or more kinds of sugar units, the heteropolysaccharide having a branched or helical configuration, and having ~Yc~ nt water-wicking properties and immense thickening properties. When admixed with an appropriate polysaccharide gum capable of cross-linking with the heteropolysaccharide in accordance with the present invention and exposed to an aqueous solution, gastric fluid, etc., the gums pack closely and many intermolecular attachments are formed which make the ~LU~:LUr~ strong and provide a hydrophilic gum matrix having high gel strength.
Other polysaccharide gums which may or may not cross-link with the heteropolysaccharides of the present invention may also be added to the hydrophilic material in addition such as the alginates, tragacanth, accacia, WO 93~018032 ~ 9 ~2 8~ -12- PCI/US92/05712 karaya, agar, pectins, carrageenan, llydLu~cyyLvyylmethyl cellulose, I~Y~ILUXY~LU~Y1 cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, mixtures thereof, and the like.
Two steps which are generally re~uired for gelation are the fast hydration of the macromolecules which comprise the hydrophilic material and thereafter the association of the molecules to form gels. Thus, two important properties of a hydrophilic gel matrix which are needed for application in a slow release system are the fast hydration of the system and a matrix having a high gel strength. These two important properties which are needed for application in a slow release system are the fast hydration of the system and a matrix having a high gel strength. These two important properties which are nPcPcc Iry to achieve a slow release hydrophilic matrix are maximized in the present invention by the particular combination of materials. In particular, heteropolysaccharides such as xanthan gum have excellent water wicking properties which provide fast hydration.
On the other hand, the combination of xanthan gum with polysaccharide materials and the like which are capable of cross-linking the rigid helical ordered structure of the xanthan gum (i.e. with unsubstituted mannose regions in the galactl nnF~n~) thereby act synergistically to provide a higher than expected viscosity (i.e., high gel strength) of the matrix.
Certain other polysaccharide gums, including alginic acid derivatives, hydrocolloids, etc. also are believed 3 0 to act synergistically with xanthan gum to produce matrices having high gel strength. The combinati~n of 20922g7 xanthan gum wlth locust bean gum wlth or wlthout the other polysaccharlde gums is especlally preferred. However, the comblnatlon of any polysaccharlde gums known to produce a synerglstic effect when exposed to aqueous solutlons may be used ln accordance wlth the present lnvent lon . ~y synerglst lc effect, lt 18 meant that the comblnatlon of two or more polysaccharlde gums produce a hlgher vlscoslty and/or faster hydrat ion than that whlch would be expected by either of the gums alone . One example of a comblnat ion of polysaccharlde gums whlch has been reported to exhlblt such synerglsm ln food products 18 kappa caLLa~ee~lan and a galactomannan such as guar gum and/or locust bean gum. Addltlonally, the comblnatlon of propylene glycol alglnate and sodlum caLl,ox~ ~hylcellulose has also been reported to exhlblt a synerglstlc effect as a stablllzer ln frult ~ulces ln U.S Patent No. 4,g33,000. This 11st 18 not meant to be excluslve, and many other synerglstic comblnatlons wlll be readily apparent to those skllled ln the art .
It 18 also posslble that the type of synerglsm whlch is present wlth regard to the heteropolysaccharlde/
polysaccharlde gum comblnatlon of the present lnventlon could also occur between two homo -or heteropolysaccharldes.
Further lnformatlon concernlng the controlled release exclplent used ln the present lnventlon 18 set ~orth ln appllcant's U.B. Patent No. 4,99g,276.
Mlxtures of xanthan gum and locust bean gum ln a 68968-l l a~2a8~ , WO 93/01803 = ~ -- PCI/US92/05~12 --14-- _ ratio from about 20:1 to about 1:10 are disclosed in U.S.
Patent No. 3,726,690 (sfh~lrFnpr) as being useful to minimize serum separation in amounts of 0 . 2 - O . 696 by weight of acidified food products. In addition, mixtures of xanthan gum/locust bean gum are commercially available as Lygomme H96 from Satia and are L~ for uses such as syrup ~h;rkf-nintJ, suspension of active ~ ~ts and emulsion stabilization.
In the present invention, it has been discovered that the controlled release properties of the tablets are optimized when the ratio of xanthan gum to polysaccharide material (i.e., locust bean gum, etc.) is about 1:1, although xanthan gum in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 percent or more by weight of the hydrophilic material provides an acceptable slow release product.
Upon oral ingestion and contact with gastric fluid, the controlled release tablets prepared according to the present invention swell and gel to form a hydrophilic gel matrix from which the drug is released. The swelling of the matrix causes a reduction in the bulk density of the tablet and provides the l,uuy~ y nPt PCc~ry to allow the gel mafis to float on the stomach contents to provide a slow delivery of the medicament. The matrix, the size of which is dependent upon the size of the original tablet, can swell considerably and become obstructed near the opening to the pylorus . Since the ~ ' i, L is dispersed throughout the tablet (and ~ ~ ce~ nLly throughout the gel matrix), a constant amount of drug can be released per unit time in vivo by dispersion or erosion of the outer portions of the matrix. This rhF~ is co~only re~erred to ~ ero order WO 93/01803 2 0 ~ 2 2 8 7 PCr/US92/05712 release profile or zero order kinetics. The process continues, with the matrix rt~-qi nin J buoyant in the stomach, until substantially all of the ~~ L i5 released. The chemistry of certain of the ingredients comprising the excipients of the present invention such as xanthan gum i5 such that the excipients are considered to be self-buffering agents which are substantially insensitive to the solubility of the ~ i t~Ar~nt and likewise insensitive to the p~ changes along the length of the gastrointestinal tract. Noreover, the chemistry of the ingredients comprising the excipients of the present invention is believed to be similar to certain known muco adhesive substances such as polycarbophil.
~uco adhesive properties are desirable for buccal delivery systems. Thus, it may be possible that the gel system could potentially loosely interact with the mucin in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide another mode by which a constant rate of delivery of the medicament is achieved. The above hypothesis is included for discussion purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
These two pht~- -nt~nc ~ i . e., buoyancy of the gel matrix and the t t~Ar~hPcive properties tli cc-lcFed above, are possible r-~hAni Fmc by which the gel matrix of the present invention could interact with the mucin and fluit s of the gastrointestinal tract and provide a co~ tlllL rate of delivery of the medicament. other -~chAniFmc are possible and therefore this hypothesis is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention.
3 0 Any generally accepted soluble or insoluble inert rhA~ ~eutical filler (diluent) material can be used.
W093/01803209a28'1 PCI/US92/05712 Preferably, the inert rhArrqcP~ltical filler comprises a monosaccharide, a ~ arrhqride, a polyhydric alcohol, and/or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable inert pharmaceutical fillers include sucrose, dextrose, lactose, mi~:L.,- Ly:,~alline cellulose, xylitol, fructose, 60rbitol, mixtures thereof and the like. However, it is preferred that a soluble pharmaceutical filler such as lactose, dextrose, sucrose, or mixtures thereof be used.
An effective amount of any generally accepted rh~ eutical lubricant, including the calcium or magnesium soaps may be added to the above-mentioned ingredients of the excipient be added at the time the medicament is added, or in any event prior to ~ t:ssion into a said dosage form. Most preferred is magnesium stearate in any amount of about 0 . 5-3% by weight of the solid dosage form.
The combination of the hydrophilic material (i.e., a mixture of xanthan gum and locust beam gum) with the inert diluent provides a ready to use product in which a formulator need only blend the desired active r-~l;rq--lt and an optional lubricant with the excipient and then compress the mixture to form slow release tablets. The eYcipient may comprise a physical admix of the gums along with a soluble excipient such as compressible sucrose, lactose or aextrose, although it is preferred to granulate or agglomerate the gums with plain (i.e., crystalline) sucrose, lactose, dextrose, etc., to form an PYr;rip~t. ~he granulate form has certain advantages including the fact that it can be optimized for flow and compressibility: it can be tableted, formulated ln a capsule, extruded and spheronized with an active WO 93/01803 2 ~ 9 2 2 ~ 7 PCr~US92105712 medicament to form pellets, etc.
The rhArr--~utical excipients prepared in accordance with the present invention are preferably subjected to wet granulation before the r~ is added, although the ingredients of the present excipient can be held together by any agglomeration technique to yield an acceptable excipient product. In this technique, the desired amounts of the heterpolysaccharide, the polysaccharide material, and the inert filler are mixed together and thereafter a moistening agent such as water, propylene glycol, glycerol, alcohol or the like is added to prepare a moistened mass. Next, the moistened mass is dried. The dried mass is then milled with conventional equipment into granules. Therefore, the excipient product is ready to use.
The excipient is free-flowing and directly compressible. Accordingly, the excipient may be mixed in the desired proportion with a therapeutically active medicament and optional lubricant (dry granulation).
Alternatively, all or part of the excipient may be subjected to a wet granulation with the active ingredient and thereafter tableted. The complete mixture, in an amount sufficient to make a uniform batch of tablets, is then subj ected to tableting in a conventional production scale tableting machine at normal ~ ~ ~L~:ssion pressure, i.e. about 2000-1600 lbs/sq in. However, the mixture should not be ~ =ssed to such a degree that there is subsequent difficulty in its hydration when exposed to gastric f luid .
one of the limitations of direct ~ L~s,ion as a method of tablet manufacture is the size of the tablet.
wo93/0l823~22,81 -18- PCI'/US9Z/05~12 If the amount of active is high a rhArr~APutical formulator may choose to wet granulate the active with other excipients to attain a decent size tablet with the right compact strength. Usually the amount of filler/binder or excipients needed in wet granulation is less than that in direct eu~leSSiOn since the process of wet granulation contributes to some extent toward the desired physical properties~ of a table.
The average tablet, size for round tablets is preferably about 500 mg to 750 mg and for capsule-shaped tablets about 750 mg to 1000 mg.
The average particle size of the granulated excipient of the present invention ranges from about 50 microns to about 400 microns and preferably from about 185 microns to about 265 microns. The particle size of the granulation is not narrowly critical, the important parameter being that the average particle size of the granules, must permit the formation of a directly compressible excipient which forms pharmaceutically ~_ acceptable tablets. The ~ t tap and bulk densities of the granulation of the present invention are normally between from about 0. 3 to about 0. 8 g/ml, with an average density of from about 0.5 to about 0.7 g/ml. For best results, the tablets formed from the granulations of the present invention are from about 6 to about 8 kg hardness. The average flow of the granulations prepared in accordance with the present invention are from about 25 to about 40 g/sec.
The ratio of medicament to the hydrophilic material is based in part upon the relatively solubility of the medicament and the desired rate of release. For WO 93/01803 ~ 2 0 9 ~, 2 8 7 PC~/US92/05712 instance, the ratio of ~ t to hydrophilic material can be adjusted to yield a product wherein 50 percent of the r '' i ~ L will dissolve in distilled water within about 3 . 5-5 hours if a 6-8 hour dosing preparation is desired. This is accomplished by providing a ratio of medicament to hydrophilic material of about 1:3-7 for a wide range of ~ i c~-nts of varying solubilities.
~owever, it would be obvious to one skilled in the art that by varying this proportion and/or the total weight of the tablet, etc., one can achieve different slow release profiles, and may extend the dissolution of some medicaments to about 24 hours.
Variables which may affect the release rate and the compressibility of tablets prepared with the excipient of the present invention are the drug to polymer ratio; the method of incorporation of excipient (method of granulation); the relative amount of the gum blend ; and the composition of gum mix.
nrTATrFn DES(-RTPTION OF THE ~K~ EMBODIMENTS
The following examples illustrate various aspects of the present invention. They are not to be construed to limit the claims in any manner whatsoever.
~A~r~PIlE 1 pR~P,ARATION OF r~ cIpT~NT
A controlled release excipient according to the present invention is prepared as follows. First, 600 g of sucrose and 300 g o~ a mixture of xanthan gum and W093/01803 2og2~81 PCr/usg2/057t2 locust bean gum in approximately a 1:1 ratio, all in powder form having an average particle size of less than about 50 microns, are blended for two minutes in a granulator (i.e., a high speed mixer having a combination chopper/impeller). About 125 ml of water is added to the mixture until there is a sharp rise in the power ~_v~
(about 2-3 minutes). The mixed ~roduct, which is now in the form of granules, is removed from the granulator and dried in a convection air-oven for 24 hours at a temperature of about 40-60-C. The dried granulation is then passed through a 20 mesh screen. The product is now ready to be used as a slow release excipient which is suitable for direct compression with any active medicament to form a slow release tablet.
l;~XAMPT,T~ 2--6 Gu-M~/ToTAT~ T XCIpIFNT
Controlled release excipients are prepared according to procedures set forth in Example 1. The excipients of Examples 2-6 each include dextrose as the inert pharmaceutical filler, and xanthan gum/locust bean gum in 1:1 ratio. The percentage of gums as compared to the total weight of the excipient in Examples~i are 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%, respectively. The viscosities of the excipients are then det~rmin~d at four different RPM's using a #2 spindle on a Brookfield viscometer. The results are shown in Figure 1. As can be seen from the graph, the viscosity increases as the percentage of gum included in the excipient increases.
WO 93/01803 -21- 2 ~ g 2 2 8 7 PCT~US92/05712 ~AMPLE 7 pR~PARATION OF EX~'TPT~NT
A controlled release excipient according to the present invention is prepared as follows. First, 630 g of dextrose and 270 g of a hydrophilic material comprising 135 g of xanthan gum and 135 g of locust bean gum, all in a powder form haying an average particle size of less than 50 microns are blended for two minutes in a granulator (i.e., a high speed mixer having a combination chopper/impeller). After pre-mixing, 100 ml of water is added until there is sharp rise in the power consumption (about 2-3 minutes). The mixed product, which is now in the form of granules, is removed from the granulator and dried in a convection air-oven for 24 hours at a temperature of about 40-60-C. The dried granulation is then passed through a 20 mesh screen. The product is now ready to be granulated with an active, the result of which is suitable for compression to form a slow release tablet.
WET GRANI~I~TICN
Verapamil HCl is a relatively soluble active ingredient which has a dose of about 240 mg in a sustained release tablet ~orm.
In Example 8, the active ingredient (Verapamil) is granulated with the controlled release excipient as follows. The excipient of Example 7 (385 g) is first blended with 115 g Verapamil HCl for two minutes in a granulator. After premixing, about 90 ml of water is wo 93/0l80~LQ9~ PCI/US92/05712 added until there is a sharp rise in the power ~_U~al -' by the granulator (about 2-3 minutes). The mixed product, which is now in the form of granules, ls removed from the granulator and dried in a convection air-oven for 24 hours at a temperature of about 40-60-C. The dried granulation is then passed through a 20 mesh screen. The final composition of the mixture is about 77 . 0% of the excipient of Example 7, and 23 . 0% of Verapamil HCl .
The mixture is blended with hydrogenated vegetable oil for about 5 minutes in a V-blender. Magnesium stearate is then added and the mixture is blended for an additional 5 minutes . The f inal composition of the mixture is about 75.0% of the excipient of Example 7, 22.596 Verapamil HCl, 2.00% hydrogenated vegetable oil, and 0.500% magnes~ium stearate, by weight. The mixture is then compressed on a Stokes RB-2 rotary tablet press with sixteen stations. The average weight of the tablets produced is about 1067 mg and the crushing strength about 7-8 kgs. Each tablet contains about 240.08 Verapamil, 800 . 25 mg excipient of Example 7, 21. 34 mg hydrogenated vegetable oil, and 5.34 mg magnesium stearate.
EXAMPLE 9 =_ ==
DRY GRANUT ~T~ON
The active ingredient is directly compressed with the controlled releasë excipient of Example 7 to form sustained release tablets having approximately the same composition as those of Example 8 as follows. 300 g of the excipient of Example 7 is first blended with 90 g Verapamil HCl for 10 minutes in a V-blender.
Hydrogenated vegetable oil is then added and the mixture WO 93tOt803 2 0 9 2 2 8 7 PCT/US92105712 is blended for 5 minutes. r~agnesium stearate is then added and the mixture is blended for an additional 5 minutes . The f inal composition of the mixture is the same as in Example 8 and is tableted.
. 5 l;~AMPJ,~ 10 MIXED GRANULATION
The active ingredient is granulated with 50% of the slow release excipient as follows. Half of the excipient of Example 7 is first blended with Verapamil HCl for 2 minutes in a granulator. Next, about 75 ml of water is added until there is a sharp rise in power C,U~
(usually 2-3 minutes). The mixed product, which is now in the form of granules, is removed from the granulator and dried in a convection air-oven for 24 hours at a temperature of about 40-60-C. The dried granulation is then passed through a 2 0 mesh screen . The f inal composition is about 62 . 5% of the excipient of Example 7 and about 37 . 5% Verapamil HCl . The mixture is then blended with other half of excipient of Example 7 for 10 minutes in V-blender. Hydrogenated vegetable oil is then addea and blended 5 minutes, magnesium stearate is then added and blended for an additional 5 minutes. The final composition of the mixture is then same as in Example 8 and Example 9 and is tableted.
EFFECT OF M~THO~ OF INCORPoRATIoN
In Examples 11-13, the active ingredient (Verapamil WO93/01803 2,0g 2~8~ -24- PCl/US92/05712 HCl) is granulated with the controlled release excipient according to the methods set ~orth in Examples 7-9 respectively in order to compare the dissolution curves obtained .
In Example 11, the excipient is prepared according to the process set forth in Example 7 and is then blended with the active ingredient and tableted according to the process set f orth in Examp e 8 . In Example 12, the excipient is prepared accoraing to the process set forth in Example 7 and is then blended with the active ingredient and tableted, according to the process set forth in Example 9. In Example 13, the excipient is prepared according to the process set forth in Example 7 and is then blended with the active ingredient and tableted according to the process set forth in Example 10 .
In each of Examples 11-13, the tablets weigh about 1067 mg . The drug: gum ratio in each of Examples 11-13 is 1:1; and the locust bean gum (~BG) to xanthan gum (XG) ratio is 1:1.
Each tablet of Examples 11-13 contain about 240 mg Verapamil ~Cl, about 800 mg excipient, about 21.3 mg hydrogenated vegetable oil, and about 5 . 3 mg magnesium stearate. Further information regarding Examples 11-13 is provided in Table 1 below.
WO 93/01803 , 2 0 9 2 2 8 7 . Pcr/~S92/0~712 Drug:Gum %Gum in LBG:XG
5Example B~Q ~.,r;ni,~nt Ratio ~5L ~251 11 1:1 35 1:1 3.7 16.5 12 1:1 35 1:1 1.0 4.5 13 1:1 35 1:1 2.4 ----The tablets are tested in an automated USP dissolution apparatus, using distilled water at a volume of 1 liter and paddle method at 50 R.P.M. At 30 minute intervals the ultraviolet ~hssrh~nce of filtered portions of solution are compared to a standard having a known concentration of USP Verapamil HCl in the same medium.
The results are provided in Figure 2.
E2~AMPLES 14--16 ;F FFECT OF AMOUNT OF GU~q IN EXCIPIENT
In Examples 14-16, the aK~unt of gL~m in the excipient is varied in order to cs~are the ~ cnl~r~inn curves of the active ;n~;
(Verapamil HCl) cl~tained.
In each of ExampIes 14-16, the ~rnll~A ~lease P~;r;~n~ is prepared according to the process set forth in Example 7, except that the a~unt of g~nn in the ~W~ir;~ is varied. The slow release ~Yriri~n~ obtained for each of Examples 14-16 is then bl~d with the active ;~l;~n~ and tableted ~;n~ to the method set forth 3 o in Example 10.
The tablets of ExalDple 14 weigh about 861.5 mg and ccrltain about 240 mg Verapamil HCl, a out 600 mg ~ipi~nt, a~out 17.2 mg l1Y~ veget3ble oil, and about 4.3 mg , stearate.
WO 93/01803 7~9~,~87 -26- PCI/US92/05712 Ihe tal~lets of Ex~nple 15 weigh abalt 949.70 mg and contain aboQt 240 mg Verapamil HCl, abalt 686 mg PY~;riPnt, about 19 mg lly~ J~ 1 vegetàole oil, and abaut 4.70 mg , ' stearate.
~e tablets of Example 16 weigh ab3~t 1066.60 mg and ccntain about 240 mg Verail HCl, a~aut 800 mg P~'~;r;Pn~, abalt 21.3 mg llyll~ 1 vegeta}~le oil, and about 5.3 mg , ' stea~ate.
Fl~rther ;nfn~tinn LI~CI~dil~ Examples 14-16 is rrovided in Iable 2 bel~w.
~
~rug~ Gum in LI~G:~(;
Ratio ~;niPn~ Rati.Q ~ 90 15 14 1:1 40 1:1 2~9 15 1:1 35 1:1 2.4 16 1:1 30 1:1 1.2 3.3 The tablets are then teste~ for ~l;qqnllT~;nn in the Æe manner as in E~mples 11-13. Ihe results are provided in Figure 3.
MPr;~ 17-20 r- R~O
In ~nples 17-20, the ratio of loa~st bean gum (I~) to Y~an g~n (~$) is varied and the ~;qqnll~;nn curves cc~ared.
In each of Examples 17-20, the ~rnllP~9 release eYcipient is preparP~I aLw~ ~ to the proQ~ss set fQrth in Example 7, except that the L~ ratio is varied. nle t~rnllprl release ~ir;Pn~
o~tained fQr each of Ex~n,oles 17-20 is then blended with the active in~l;~nt (Verapamil HCl) and ta~leted accQrding to the pr~ess set fo~th in E7~ple 10.
Each of the tablets of E~mples 17-20 ~ntain about 240 mg 35 Verapalril HCl, about 738 mg PYriE~;Pn~, about 20 mg llyllll-J~
WO 93/~1803 2 ~ 9 2 2 8 7 PCIIUS92105712 vegetable oil, and abc~ut 5~ , stearate. Further ;nf~ tir~n regarding Exznples 17-20 is prbvided in Table 3 below:
1~
l~rug:Gum %G-Dn in Ii3G:XG
17 1:1 32.5 55:45 0.9 5.0 18 1:1 32.5 60:40 0.3 0.5 19 1:1 32.5 1:1 2.7 11.5 15 20 1:1 32.5 25:75 4.8 17.5 The tahlets are then tPsted for .l;cc~ ri~n in the same manner as in Examples 11-13. The resLIlts are pravided in Figure 4.
E~TF.C: 21--23 2 0 ~WG: GUM R~TIQ
In E~r,ples 21-23, the drug to gum ratio is varied and the ~liccrOl~ n Curve-c campared.
In each of Examples 21-Z3, the slow rele ce ex~ipient is prepare~
2 5 according to Example 7 and is then blended with the active in~rPrl;Pn~ (Verapamil HCl) and tableted.
In Example Zl, the tablets cc~tain abaut 240 ~ Verapamil, abaut 240 mg P~;r;~n~, abaut 9.84 mg llyLu~ ~L~l vegetable oil, and abaut 2.6 mg , stearate. In Example 22, the tablets cantain ab~ t 240 mg Verapamil, ab~ut 480 mg ~ nt, abaut 14.8 mg hy~ J,-~
vegetable oil, an~l abaut 3.7 mg , stearate. In Example 23, the tablets contain about lZ0 ~ Verapamil, abaut 720 mg ~-~;r;~n~, .
WO 93/01803 ~2~ PCI/US92/057t2 abalt 17.2 mg l~y~lr~ vegetable o;l ~ and about 4.3 mg stearate. h~rther infnnn~tinn regardir~ Examples 21-23 is set forth in Table 4 belaw:
T~LE 4 ~rug:Gum %G~n in LBG:~;
E~ Ratio F~in;(~nt Ratio T50 T90 = iL~2l 2:1 50 1:1 0.4 0.9 ~1 1:1 50 1:1 5.5 ~323 1:3 50 1:1 The tablets are then tested for ~ n~ ;nn in the same manner as in Examples ll-:L3. The results are provide~ in Figure 5.
~ LE 24 TATT~-IRlNr. ~ A ~WN ~ rI I ~Jr~ CIRVE
By varying the am~unt of g~ml, the LBG:~G ratio, the method of nn, or the drug:gum ratio, it is possiole to closely match the r~;c~lllt;nn profile of a fl;ffPrPn~ sla~ release fnr~ t;nn of the same drLig. This is .1, ., ~ ~l in the follawing example.
First, a n nntrnll~ release excipient is prepared aw Ldil~y to the process set forEh in E~mple 7.
In Example 24, the excipient is then blended with the active ingr~lient (Verapamil HCl) and tableted according to the prooess set forth in Example 8. Each tablet contains about 260 mg Verapamil, abalt 780 mg ~ n~, about 21.3 mg l~y~ vegetable oil, WO 93/0l803 2 ~ ~ 2 2 8 7 Pcrlus92lo57l2 and ahout 5.3 ~ stearate. Ihe tablets are then tested for ~.~;ccnll7t;nn il the sæ~e ~na~mer as in æx2nnples 11-13. As a v~ eYAmple, a CalAn~ SR caplet (r~7nt;7;n;n~ 240 ~ Verapa~
hy~'rn~-hlnr;r'o), availa'ole frcm G.D. Searle & Co., is si~n;larly tested for ~.~;~qnll7t;nn Further infnrmAt;nn L~rl dil~ Example~4is providel i~l Table 5 ~elow, a~ld the r~.;ccnlllt;r~n cLrves for B~ample 24 and Cala~l~ SR are provided i~l FigLre 6.
~ug:G~n %~n i~l LEG:XG
E~ ~3a~Q ,7,;~in;Pnt ~ T90 ~ 1:0.09 50 1:1 2.4 5.9 15 __ Cala P -- -- -- 2. 3 4 . 5 ~T'~ 25 =
A r nntrrll 1 Pr7~ release excipie lt is prepared according to 1 ~ ~ ~b ,. _._ et forth i l ExzQnple 1. Ihe eY~ ipie~lt of Example 25 incl~des deYtrose as the inert Illlr7~ ;r;71 filler, and Yanthan gun,/locLst '~ean g~ in a l:l ratio. The ~ JY of deYtr~se as cc~-red to the total weight of the rnntrnllPr~. release r~;~n;Pnt in ~æmple 25 is 70 percent by weight.
The rYr~;~;Pnt of Example 25 is then blended with Verapa il HCl for two mirmtes in a high speed mLy~er/grAnlllAtrlr with impeller and chcpper on. Lll~ ~L~u, ahout 1596 ~;Ct;ll~d water is added to the powder IILLY. and the }nix is ~n~ll Atr~d for abaut 2 minutes with impellOE and choppOE on.
q~e miYed product, which is now in the form of grar~les, is removed frcm the r3rAnlllAtnr and dried in a fluid be~ dryOE for abalIt WO93/01803 ~,~9~1 PCI/US92/05712 20 mi~tes. me dried ~m~ tinn is then passr~d through a 20 mesh sc~een.
Ihe r~n~rnl1r~1 release ~Yriri~nt/v~ l mixb~re is thenblended with 2% ' vegetable oil for about 5 miT~tes in a V-blender, and then 0.5% stearate is added and the mixture is blended for an ~rl;tinn~l 5 minu~es. me final, ~n of the mixture is about 97 . 5% of the ~-nntrr~ release ~iri~nt/v~ ~ l mixture, 2.00% ' Y, ~ vegetable oil, and 0.5% stearate, by weight.
~e mixb~re is then ~ ~I to form bisected, ca~le=haped p~ches such that the tablets have an average length of l9~mm, a width of 7 mm, and a thickness of 6 mm. Ihe av~age weight of the tablets produced is about 710 mg, and the average tablet hardness is about 12.5 kp. Each tablet contains abaut 240.0 mg Verapamil ~:1, 452.27 mg rnn~n llrd release exK ipient (about 135.68 mg of which c~mprise~3 ~than g~locust bean g~ in a l:1 ratio), 14.20 mg l~y(lr~ 1 vegetable oil, and 3.55 mg stearate. E~rther infr,~ti~ rrm~rnin~ the tablets of Example 25 are prrJvided in Table 6 below:
~ .
l) ~r:~ASF VERAPAI/ITT. TARr~T F~RllTrrA
IrlqrPflir-nr P~w~ll~ut: ~ (m~
rnn~llrY1 release 25 excipient 63.70 452.27 Verapamil H~ 33.80 240.00 llyilr~ l vegetable oil 2.00 14.20 ~ stearate 0.5Q 3 55 100% 710 mg Ihe tablets are tested in an USP lliqq~1llt1r~n apparabls, WO 93/01803 -3 1- 2 0 9 ~ 2 8 7 Pcr~US92/05712 using distilled water at a volume of 1 liter and paddle methal at 50 R.P.M. P~Liv-: rlie.enl~t;nn cur~eR for the tablets of Example 25 and Calan0 SR are pmvided in Figure 7.
Thus, the tablets of Example 25 provide a c~ nt;~lly identical ~7iRenl~lt;nn profile as carrç~ared to Calan5 SR. It is nateworthy, however, that the ta~lets of Example 25 weigh on the average of 710 mg as c~ared to the 1066 mg of the Wlets of E~mple 24, which also provided a Rllhc~nti~l ly identical ~;Renlll~;nn profile as cac~ared to Calan5 SR. It waild therefore be obvious to one skilled in the art that d;ffprpn~ sized tablets having R~lhetln~i~lly identical rl;eenll-t;nn profile as ca~3red to Calan~ 'iR may be dbtained by m~nirllAt;ng the percent hyr9r~rh;l;~- material in the controlled release PYrir;Pnt, and~or by m~n;rll~;n~ the drug to g~n ratio, aT~or by m~n;rll~in~ the methcd of i,~ inn of the ~ l Such - l~t;nnc are r nnc;r1PrrYl to be within the scope of the appended claims.
The preceding theories are offered solely by way of PYrl;m;~tinn and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these theories. me exa~les provided above are not meant to be exclusive. l~any o~her variations of the present invention wculd be obvious to those Rkilled in the a~t, and are, l ~tPrl to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Nore recently, a great deal of attention in the rhAr~-~eutical field has turned to the use of various hydrocolloid materials such as hyd-v~y,vlv~vylmethyl cellulose in providing a slow release matrix for a variety of medicaments.
For example, IJ.S. Patent No. 4,389,393 (Schor, et al. ~ describes a slow release carrier base material of one or more l~ydLvxy~lv~ylmethyl celluloses and up to 30%
by weight of a mixture of methylcellulose and up to 30%
by weight of a mixture of methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or cellulose ether which can be mixed with a medicament and other needed ingredients such as binders, lubricants, etc. and then tableted. At least one of the hydroxypropylmethyl celluloses must have a methyoxy content of 16-2496 by weight, a l-y.lLvxy~rv~yl content of 4-32% by weight, and a number average molecular weight of at least 50,000. The carrier base constitutes less than about one third of the weight of the solid unit dosage form.
It is acknowledged in Schor, et al. that in order to make tablets using this carrier base, other ingredients wl~ich are conventional in tablet making must npressArily be included, such as binders, fillers, disintegrating agents and the like. Only the completed mixture, which includes these additional ingredients, possess sufficient properties to produce tablets having the rPcPqc:Ary hardness and low level of friability. Thus, the carrier base of the Schor, et al. disclosure is not directed to WO 93/01803 2 0 9 2 2 8 7 PCltUS92105~tl the tableting aspects.
U.S. Patent No. 4,704,285 (Alderman) discloses 601id 510w release tablets containing 5-90% hydLu.Ly~lu~yl cellulose ether, 5-75% of an optional additional hydrophilic colloid such as hydLu~y~opylmethyl cellulose, an effective amount of an active medicament, and optional binders, lubricants, glidants filler, etc.
The hydLvx~ yl cellulose ether is in the form of a finely sized powder and provides a longer release pattern than identical compositions having coarser particles.
IIowever, Al ~iPr~n acknowledges the necessity of the additional excipients in order to form an acceptable solid table (i.e. fillers, binders, lubricants and glidants). In preferred Pmho~l;r-nts, these excipients comprise from 63 . 5-94% of the tablet.
The carrier bases which provide the slow release profiles in these disclosures can only be compressed into a tablet or a solid dosage form with the aid of other conventional tableting adjuvants such as binders and the like, and therefore contribute only to the slow release aspect of the final solid unit dosage form and not to the tableting aspects. In other words, in each of these disclosures, it is ~PrPq=Ary to first determine the physical properties of the active medicaments to be tableted and thereafter proceed through a series of trial and error experiments in order to determine the optimal amount of gums/polymers and other adjuvants to produce the right formulation which is free flowing and which can be compressed to a slow release solid dosage unit. This ~L~/ceduLe is time intensive and costly.
Similarly, slow release excipients disclosed to date wo93/l83209~,a8r~ -6- PCr/US92/0~712 which in1uLuoL~te virtually any synthetic polymer such as hydruxy~Lu~ylmethylcellulose, methyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrollidone, and any natural gum such as accacia, tragacanth, alginates, chitosan, xanthan, pectin and other to date have been mainly directed to the slow release aspect and do not satisfactorily address the tableting aspect. This is because these materials are not available in the nPrPcc~ry physical form that is essential for forming a solid un t dosage form.
The failure of slow release excipients such as the above to be regarded as to their tableting properties is due, for instance, to their nPrPcc~rily very fine particle size, which property does not lend itself well to flowability. Also, llydLuxyuLuuylmethyl cellulose polymers and the like are not particularly good binding agents, a problem which is amplified when other poorly binding excipients or ~ s are included in a formulation. Thus, at higher percentages of such polymers in the f inal mixture, it becomes dif f icult if not i - ;hle to provide a good flowing tablet formulation for direct c ~ ion without the use of further excipients, and experimentation.
The tableting aspect has been addressed, albeit unsatisfactorily, in U.S. Patent No. 4,590,062 (Jang).
Jang discloses a dry direct compressed slow release tablet containing from 0. 01 to 95 parts by weight of an ~ctive ingredient combined with a matrix blend of 1-96 parts of a wax, and a fatty acid material or neutral lipid. The tablets can be made by dry blending the active ingredients with the matrix blend and compressing.
ever, ~hile this c_in~tion o~ redients c~n WO 93/01803 _7_ 2 ~ 9 2 2 ~ ~ PCIrJus92/057l2 provide a directly compressible tablet, the formulator is still required to perform a great deal of experimentation to provide the correct release profile for the chosen r- li,-A- L, given the wide range of wax (used for its - 5 binding and _ ~tin~ properties) which can be included.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a free-flowing directly compressible controlled release excipient which can be used to provide a controlled release verapamil tablet.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a free-flowing directly ~ :~ssible slow release excipient which is relatively in.oYr~ncive to manufacture due to the lack of coatings and expensive ~ i L.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a controlled release verapamil tablet which can be manufactured by mixing verapamil with a premanufactured controlled release F~Y~ nt to provide a desired dissolution profile.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a controlled release tablet comprising verapamil as an active therapeutic agent and a pl n1~A~tured controlled release excipient, which, ~ r~n~lin~ upon the method of admixture with verapamil, provides different desirable dissolution profiles.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the above objects and others, the present invention is related to a tablet for the controlled releas~ of verapamil in th-- ~stro-intestinal 209228~
--tract, comprlslng a hydrophlllc materlal comprlslng a heteropolysaccharlde and a polysaccharlde gum capable of cross-llnklng the heteropolysaccharlde ln the presence of aqueous solutlons, an lnert pharmaceutlcal flller, and an effectlve amount of verapamll. The ratlo of lnert dlluent to sald hydrophlllc gum matrlx 18 preferably from about 4:1 to about 0.67:1. The ratlo of verapamll to the hydrophlllc materlal 18 preferably f rom about 3: l to about 1: 3 .
In preferred embodlments of the present lnventlon, the heteropolysaccharlde comprlses a xanthan gum, and the polysaccharlde gum comprlses locust bean gum.
In one aspect, the lnventlon provldes, a tablet for the controlled release of verapamll ln the gastro-lntestlnal tract, comprlslng a controlled release exclplent comprlslng a hydrophlllc gum matrlx comprlslng a xanthan gum and locust bean gum ln a ratlo of from about 3:1 to about 1:35 and an lnert dlluent selected from the group conslstlng of a osa~r~iqrlde, a dlsaccharlde, a polyhydrlc alcohol, and mixtures thereof, the ratlo o~ sald lnert dlluent to sald hydrophlllc gum matrlx belng from about 4:1 to about 0.67:1, and an effectlve amount of verapamll, the ratlo of verapamll to sald hydrophlllc gum mat rlx belng f rom about 3 :1 to about l: 3 .
In a ~urther aspect, the lnvent lon provldes a method for preparlng a controlled release verapamll formulatlon, comprls lng preparlng a hydrophlllc gum matrlx comprlslns~ xanthan gum and locust bean gum ln a rat lo of about l: l:
68968- l l . ~
mlxlng sald hydrophlllc gum matrlx wlth an lnert dlluent selected from the group conslstlng of a .n~ ch~qrlde~ a dlsaccharlde, a polyhydrlc alcohol, and mlxtures thereof, ln a ratlo of sald lnert dlluent to sald hydrophlllc gum matrlx f rom about 4 l to about 0 . 67 517 comblnlng the mlxture of hydrophlllc gum matrlx~lnert dlluent wlth verapamll, such that the ratlo of verapamll to sald nydrophlllc gum matrlx/lnert dlluent mlxture 18 from about l . 0 . 0 . 4 t o about l . 0, 0 . 7 7 and compresslng the resultant mlxture to form solld tablets havlng a deslred dosage of verapamll, the verapamll belng released accordlng to a deslred dissolutlon proflle when exposed to gastrlc fluld.
In certaln preferred ~ s of the present lnventlon, the verapamll tablets provlde a controlled release product whereln about 50 percent of the verapamll contA1n~d ln the tablet wlll dlssolve ln dlstllled water wlthln about 2-5 hours lf a 4-8 hour doslng preparatlon 18 deslred.
In a preferred: '_'1r ', the present lnventlon ls related to a tablet for the controlled release of verapamll ln the gastro-lntestlnal tract, comprlslng a controlled release exclplent comprlslng a hydrophlllc materlal comprlslng about 25 to about 55 percent, and most preferably 30 percent by welght hydrophlllc materlal comprlslng xanthan gum and locust bean gum ln a ratlo of about 1-1, and ~rom about 75 percent to about 45 percent by welght lnert dlluent I and an e~fectlve amount of verapamll. In most preferred ~ 18, the ratlo of verapamll to the hydrophlllc materlal 18 ~rom about 1Ø0.4 - 8a -68968-ll 2a~2287 In certaln ~ Ls of the lnventlon, the - 8b -68968-ll W093/01803 20~2as~ PCI~US92/05712 _g_ verapamil is dry granulated with the controlled release PY~;riPnt prior to tableting.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the verapamil is wet granulated with the controlled release excipient prior to tableting.
In yet other embodiments of the present invention, a first portion of the verapamil is dry granulated with a first portion of said controlled release excipient, and a second portion of the verapamil is wet granulated with a second portion of the controlled release excipient, the dry granulated portion and the wet granulated portion being combined prior to tableting.
The controlled release verapamil tablets thus formed slowly release verapamil when ingested and exposed to gastric fluids. By varying the amount of excipient relative to verapamil, the amount of excipient relative to inert filler, and the method of admixture of the excipient with verapamil, the controlled release profile of the tablets of the invention can be altered.
nT rrATT T n DESCRIPTION OF TTTT` INVENTION
The excipients of the present invention have been preoptimized by providing an excipient product which may be mixed with a wide range of medicaments and directly compressed into solid dosage forms, without the aid of the usual pharmaceutical dry or wet binders, fillers, disintegrants, glidants etc., which must be added in prior art compositions to obtain an acceptable solid dosage f orm . Thus, the excipients of the present invention substantially overcome the need for conducting further experiment~ ion needed to optimize release 2~92a8~
WO 93/01803 PCr/US92/05712 --10- ~ ~
characteristics and tableting properties for a particular therapeutically active medicament.
In other words, the controlled release excipient used in the present invention provides a product which contains a combination of ingredients in preselected proportions to each other which provides a desired controlled/slow release profile~for a wide variety of drugs. Thus, once the excipient product is admixed with an active ~ r-nt (and preferably with a lubricant) in a ratio to the hydrophilic matrix in accordance with the present invention, the resulting mixture may be directly compressed into solid dosage forms.
Xanthan gum, the preferred heteropolysaccharide, is produced by microorganisms, for instance, by fermentation with the organism xan~h~ ~c ~ ~.,LLis. l~ost preferred is xanthan gum which is a high molecular weight (>106) heteropolysaccharide. Xanthan gum contains D-glucose, D-mannose, D-glucuronate in the molar ratio of 2.8:2.0:20, and is partially acetylated with about 4.7%
acetyl. Xanthan gum also includes about 396 pyruvate, which is attached to a single unit D-glu~ yL - yl side - chain as a ~L. It dissolves in hot or cold water and the viscosity of a~ueous solutions of xanthan gum is only slightly affected by changes in the pH of a solution 2 5 between 1 and 11.
Other preferred heteropolysaccharides include derivatives of xanthan gum, such as deacylated xanthan gum, the caLl,oxy Lhyl ether, and the propylene glycol ester.
The polysaccharide gums used in the present invention which are capable of cross-linking with the WO 93/01803 2 ~ 9 2 2 8 7 PCI/US92/05712 heteropolysaccharide include the galact~ nn~nq, i.e., polysaccharides which are ~ s~d solely of mannose and galactose .
A possible F-~h~n;cn~ for the interaction between the galactr---nn~n and the heteropolysaccharide involves the interaction between the helical regions of the heteropolysaccharide and the unsubstituted mannoSe regions of the galac~ nn~n~ Galactr--nn~n~ which have higher proportions of unsubstituted mannose regions have been found to achieve more interaction with the heteropolysaccharide. Hence, locust bean gum, which has a higher ratio of mannose to the q~l~ctl~qe, is ~spPci~lly preferred as compared to other galact~ nn~nq such as guar and hydroxypropyl guar.
The term "heteropolysaccharide" as used in the present invention is defined as a water-soluble polysaccharide containing two or more kinds of sugar units, the heteropolysaccharide having a branched or helical configuration, and having ~Yc~ nt water-wicking properties and immense thickening properties. When admixed with an appropriate polysaccharide gum capable of cross-linking with the heteropolysaccharide in accordance with the present invention and exposed to an aqueous solution, gastric fluid, etc., the gums pack closely and many intermolecular attachments are formed which make the ~LU~:LUr~ strong and provide a hydrophilic gum matrix having high gel strength.
Other polysaccharide gums which may or may not cross-link with the heteropolysaccharides of the present invention may also be added to the hydrophilic material in addition such as the alginates, tragacanth, accacia, WO 93~018032 ~ 9 ~2 8~ -12- PCI/US92/05712 karaya, agar, pectins, carrageenan, llydLu~cyyLvyylmethyl cellulose, I~Y~ILUXY~LU~Y1 cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, mixtures thereof, and the like.
Two steps which are generally re~uired for gelation are the fast hydration of the macromolecules which comprise the hydrophilic material and thereafter the association of the molecules to form gels. Thus, two important properties of a hydrophilic gel matrix which are needed for application in a slow release system are the fast hydration of the system and a matrix having a high gel strength. These two important properties which are needed for application in a slow release system are the fast hydration of the system and a matrix having a high gel strength. These two important properties which are nPcPcc Iry to achieve a slow release hydrophilic matrix are maximized in the present invention by the particular combination of materials. In particular, heteropolysaccharides such as xanthan gum have excellent water wicking properties which provide fast hydration.
On the other hand, the combination of xanthan gum with polysaccharide materials and the like which are capable of cross-linking the rigid helical ordered structure of the xanthan gum (i.e. with unsubstituted mannose regions in the galactl nnF~n~) thereby act synergistically to provide a higher than expected viscosity (i.e., high gel strength) of the matrix.
Certain other polysaccharide gums, including alginic acid derivatives, hydrocolloids, etc. also are believed 3 0 to act synergistically with xanthan gum to produce matrices having high gel strength. The combinati~n of 20922g7 xanthan gum wlth locust bean gum wlth or wlthout the other polysaccharlde gums is especlally preferred. However, the comblnatlon of any polysaccharlde gums known to produce a synerglstic effect when exposed to aqueous solutlons may be used ln accordance wlth the present lnvent lon . ~y synerglst lc effect, lt 18 meant that the comblnatlon of two or more polysaccharlde gums produce a hlgher vlscoslty and/or faster hydrat ion than that whlch would be expected by either of the gums alone . One example of a comblnat ion of polysaccharlde gums whlch has been reported to exhlblt such synerglsm ln food products 18 kappa caLLa~ee~lan and a galactomannan such as guar gum and/or locust bean gum. Addltlonally, the comblnatlon of propylene glycol alglnate and sodlum caLl,ox~ ~hylcellulose has also been reported to exhlblt a synerglstlc effect as a stablllzer ln frult ~ulces ln U.S Patent No. 4,g33,000. This 11st 18 not meant to be excluslve, and many other synerglstic comblnatlons wlll be readily apparent to those skllled ln the art .
It 18 also posslble that the type of synerglsm whlch is present wlth regard to the heteropolysaccharlde/
polysaccharlde gum comblnatlon of the present lnventlon could also occur between two homo -or heteropolysaccharldes.
Further lnformatlon concernlng the controlled release exclplent used ln the present lnventlon 18 set ~orth ln appllcant's U.B. Patent No. 4,99g,276.
Mlxtures of xanthan gum and locust bean gum ln a 68968-l l a~2a8~ , WO 93/01803 = ~ -- PCI/US92/05~12 --14-- _ ratio from about 20:1 to about 1:10 are disclosed in U.S.
Patent No. 3,726,690 (sfh~lrFnpr) as being useful to minimize serum separation in amounts of 0 . 2 - O . 696 by weight of acidified food products. In addition, mixtures of xanthan gum/locust bean gum are commercially available as Lygomme H96 from Satia and are L~ for uses such as syrup ~h;rkf-nintJ, suspension of active ~ ~ts and emulsion stabilization.
In the present invention, it has been discovered that the controlled release properties of the tablets are optimized when the ratio of xanthan gum to polysaccharide material (i.e., locust bean gum, etc.) is about 1:1, although xanthan gum in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 percent or more by weight of the hydrophilic material provides an acceptable slow release product.
Upon oral ingestion and contact with gastric fluid, the controlled release tablets prepared according to the present invention swell and gel to form a hydrophilic gel matrix from which the drug is released. The swelling of the matrix causes a reduction in the bulk density of the tablet and provides the l,uuy~ y nPt PCc~ry to allow the gel mafis to float on the stomach contents to provide a slow delivery of the medicament. The matrix, the size of which is dependent upon the size of the original tablet, can swell considerably and become obstructed near the opening to the pylorus . Since the ~ ' i, L is dispersed throughout the tablet (and ~ ~ ce~ nLly throughout the gel matrix), a constant amount of drug can be released per unit time in vivo by dispersion or erosion of the outer portions of the matrix. This rhF~ is co~only re~erred to ~ ero order WO 93/01803 2 0 ~ 2 2 8 7 PCr/US92/05712 release profile or zero order kinetics. The process continues, with the matrix rt~-qi nin J buoyant in the stomach, until substantially all of the ~~ L i5 released. The chemistry of certain of the ingredients comprising the excipients of the present invention such as xanthan gum i5 such that the excipients are considered to be self-buffering agents which are substantially insensitive to the solubility of the ~ i t~Ar~nt and likewise insensitive to the p~ changes along the length of the gastrointestinal tract. Noreover, the chemistry of the ingredients comprising the excipients of the present invention is believed to be similar to certain known muco adhesive substances such as polycarbophil.
~uco adhesive properties are desirable for buccal delivery systems. Thus, it may be possible that the gel system could potentially loosely interact with the mucin in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide another mode by which a constant rate of delivery of the medicament is achieved. The above hypothesis is included for discussion purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
These two pht~- -nt~nc ~ i . e., buoyancy of the gel matrix and the t t~Ar~hPcive properties tli cc-lcFed above, are possible r-~hAni Fmc by which the gel matrix of the present invention could interact with the mucin and fluit s of the gastrointestinal tract and provide a co~ tlllL rate of delivery of the medicament. other -~chAniFmc are possible and therefore this hypothesis is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention.
3 0 Any generally accepted soluble or insoluble inert rhA~ ~eutical filler (diluent) material can be used.
W093/01803209a28'1 PCI/US92/05712 Preferably, the inert rhArrqcP~ltical filler comprises a monosaccharide, a ~ arrhqride, a polyhydric alcohol, and/or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable inert pharmaceutical fillers include sucrose, dextrose, lactose, mi~:L.,- Ly:,~alline cellulose, xylitol, fructose, 60rbitol, mixtures thereof and the like. However, it is preferred that a soluble pharmaceutical filler such as lactose, dextrose, sucrose, or mixtures thereof be used.
An effective amount of any generally accepted rh~ eutical lubricant, including the calcium or magnesium soaps may be added to the above-mentioned ingredients of the excipient be added at the time the medicament is added, or in any event prior to ~ t:ssion into a said dosage form. Most preferred is magnesium stearate in any amount of about 0 . 5-3% by weight of the solid dosage form.
The combination of the hydrophilic material (i.e., a mixture of xanthan gum and locust beam gum) with the inert diluent provides a ready to use product in which a formulator need only blend the desired active r-~l;rq--lt and an optional lubricant with the excipient and then compress the mixture to form slow release tablets. The eYcipient may comprise a physical admix of the gums along with a soluble excipient such as compressible sucrose, lactose or aextrose, although it is preferred to granulate or agglomerate the gums with plain (i.e., crystalline) sucrose, lactose, dextrose, etc., to form an PYr;rip~t. ~he granulate form has certain advantages including the fact that it can be optimized for flow and compressibility: it can be tableted, formulated ln a capsule, extruded and spheronized with an active WO 93/01803 2 ~ 9 2 2 ~ 7 PCr~US92105712 medicament to form pellets, etc.
The rhArr--~utical excipients prepared in accordance with the present invention are preferably subjected to wet granulation before the r~ is added, although the ingredients of the present excipient can be held together by any agglomeration technique to yield an acceptable excipient product. In this technique, the desired amounts of the heterpolysaccharide, the polysaccharide material, and the inert filler are mixed together and thereafter a moistening agent such as water, propylene glycol, glycerol, alcohol or the like is added to prepare a moistened mass. Next, the moistened mass is dried. The dried mass is then milled with conventional equipment into granules. Therefore, the excipient product is ready to use.
The excipient is free-flowing and directly compressible. Accordingly, the excipient may be mixed in the desired proportion with a therapeutically active medicament and optional lubricant (dry granulation).
Alternatively, all or part of the excipient may be subjected to a wet granulation with the active ingredient and thereafter tableted. The complete mixture, in an amount sufficient to make a uniform batch of tablets, is then subj ected to tableting in a conventional production scale tableting machine at normal ~ ~ ~L~:ssion pressure, i.e. about 2000-1600 lbs/sq in. However, the mixture should not be ~ =ssed to such a degree that there is subsequent difficulty in its hydration when exposed to gastric f luid .
one of the limitations of direct ~ L~s,ion as a method of tablet manufacture is the size of the tablet.
wo93/0l823~22,81 -18- PCI'/US9Z/05~12 If the amount of active is high a rhArr~APutical formulator may choose to wet granulate the active with other excipients to attain a decent size tablet with the right compact strength. Usually the amount of filler/binder or excipients needed in wet granulation is less than that in direct eu~leSSiOn since the process of wet granulation contributes to some extent toward the desired physical properties~ of a table.
The average tablet, size for round tablets is preferably about 500 mg to 750 mg and for capsule-shaped tablets about 750 mg to 1000 mg.
The average particle size of the granulated excipient of the present invention ranges from about 50 microns to about 400 microns and preferably from about 185 microns to about 265 microns. The particle size of the granulation is not narrowly critical, the important parameter being that the average particle size of the granules, must permit the formation of a directly compressible excipient which forms pharmaceutically ~_ acceptable tablets. The ~ t tap and bulk densities of the granulation of the present invention are normally between from about 0. 3 to about 0. 8 g/ml, with an average density of from about 0.5 to about 0.7 g/ml. For best results, the tablets formed from the granulations of the present invention are from about 6 to about 8 kg hardness. The average flow of the granulations prepared in accordance with the present invention are from about 25 to about 40 g/sec.
The ratio of medicament to the hydrophilic material is based in part upon the relatively solubility of the medicament and the desired rate of release. For WO 93/01803 ~ 2 0 9 ~, 2 8 7 PC~/US92/05712 instance, the ratio of ~ t to hydrophilic material can be adjusted to yield a product wherein 50 percent of the r '' i ~ L will dissolve in distilled water within about 3 . 5-5 hours if a 6-8 hour dosing preparation is desired. This is accomplished by providing a ratio of medicament to hydrophilic material of about 1:3-7 for a wide range of ~ i c~-nts of varying solubilities.
~owever, it would be obvious to one skilled in the art that by varying this proportion and/or the total weight of the tablet, etc., one can achieve different slow release profiles, and may extend the dissolution of some medicaments to about 24 hours.
Variables which may affect the release rate and the compressibility of tablets prepared with the excipient of the present invention are the drug to polymer ratio; the method of incorporation of excipient (method of granulation); the relative amount of the gum blend ; and the composition of gum mix.
nrTATrFn DES(-RTPTION OF THE ~K~ EMBODIMENTS
The following examples illustrate various aspects of the present invention. They are not to be construed to limit the claims in any manner whatsoever.
~A~r~PIlE 1 pR~P,ARATION OF r~ cIpT~NT
A controlled release excipient according to the present invention is prepared as follows. First, 600 g of sucrose and 300 g o~ a mixture of xanthan gum and W093/01803 2og2~81 PCr/usg2/057t2 locust bean gum in approximately a 1:1 ratio, all in powder form having an average particle size of less than about 50 microns, are blended for two minutes in a granulator (i.e., a high speed mixer having a combination chopper/impeller). About 125 ml of water is added to the mixture until there is a sharp rise in the power ~_v~
(about 2-3 minutes). The mixed ~roduct, which is now in the form of granules, is removed from the granulator and dried in a convection air-oven for 24 hours at a temperature of about 40-60-C. The dried granulation is then passed through a 20 mesh screen. The product is now ready to be used as a slow release excipient which is suitable for direct compression with any active medicament to form a slow release tablet.
l;~XAMPT,T~ 2--6 Gu-M~/ToTAT~ T XCIpIFNT
Controlled release excipients are prepared according to procedures set forth in Example 1. The excipients of Examples 2-6 each include dextrose as the inert pharmaceutical filler, and xanthan gum/locust bean gum in 1:1 ratio. The percentage of gums as compared to the total weight of the excipient in Examples~i are 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%, respectively. The viscosities of the excipients are then det~rmin~d at four different RPM's using a #2 spindle on a Brookfield viscometer. The results are shown in Figure 1. As can be seen from the graph, the viscosity increases as the percentage of gum included in the excipient increases.
WO 93/01803 -21- 2 ~ g 2 2 8 7 PCT~US92/05712 ~AMPLE 7 pR~PARATION OF EX~'TPT~NT
A controlled release excipient according to the present invention is prepared as follows. First, 630 g of dextrose and 270 g of a hydrophilic material comprising 135 g of xanthan gum and 135 g of locust bean gum, all in a powder form haying an average particle size of less than 50 microns are blended for two minutes in a granulator (i.e., a high speed mixer having a combination chopper/impeller). After pre-mixing, 100 ml of water is added until there is sharp rise in the power consumption (about 2-3 minutes). The mixed product, which is now in the form of granules, is removed from the granulator and dried in a convection air-oven for 24 hours at a temperature of about 40-60-C. The dried granulation is then passed through a 20 mesh screen. The product is now ready to be granulated with an active, the result of which is suitable for compression to form a slow release tablet.
WET GRANI~I~TICN
Verapamil HCl is a relatively soluble active ingredient which has a dose of about 240 mg in a sustained release tablet ~orm.
In Example 8, the active ingredient (Verapamil) is granulated with the controlled release excipient as follows. The excipient of Example 7 (385 g) is first blended with 115 g Verapamil HCl for two minutes in a granulator. After premixing, about 90 ml of water is wo 93/0l80~LQ9~ PCI/US92/05712 added until there is a sharp rise in the power ~_U~al -' by the granulator (about 2-3 minutes). The mixed product, which is now in the form of granules, ls removed from the granulator and dried in a convection air-oven for 24 hours at a temperature of about 40-60-C. The dried granulation is then passed through a 20 mesh screen. The final composition of the mixture is about 77 . 0% of the excipient of Example 7, and 23 . 0% of Verapamil HCl .
The mixture is blended with hydrogenated vegetable oil for about 5 minutes in a V-blender. Magnesium stearate is then added and the mixture is blended for an additional 5 minutes . The f inal composition of the mixture is about 75.0% of the excipient of Example 7, 22.596 Verapamil HCl, 2.00% hydrogenated vegetable oil, and 0.500% magnes~ium stearate, by weight. The mixture is then compressed on a Stokes RB-2 rotary tablet press with sixteen stations. The average weight of the tablets produced is about 1067 mg and the crushing strength about 7-8 kgs. Each tablet contains about 240.08 Verapamil, 800 . 25 mg excipient of Example 7, 21. 34 mg hydrogenated vegetable oil, and 5.34 mg magnesium stearate.
EXAMPLE 9 =_ ==
DRY GRANUT ~T~ON
The active ingredient is directly compressed with the controlled releasë excipient of Example 7 to form sustained release tablets having approximately the same composition as those of Example 8 as follows. 300 g of the excipient of Example 7 is first blended with 90 g Verapamil HCl for 10 minutes in a V-blender.
Hydrogenated vegetable oil is then added and the mixture WO 93tOt803 2 0 9 2 2 8 7 PCT/US92105712 is blended for 5 minutes. r~agnesium stearate is then added and the mixture is blended for an additional 5 minutes . The f inal composition of the mixture is the same as in Example 8 and is tableted.
. 5 l;~AMPJ,~ 10 MIXED GRANULATION
The active ingredient is granulated with 50% of the slow release excipient as follows. Half of the excipient of Example 7 is first blended with Verapamil HCl for 2 minutes in a granulator. Next, about 75 ml of water is added until there is a sharp rise in power C,U~
(usually 2-3 minutes). The mixed product, which is now in the form of granules, is removed from the granulator and dried in a convection air-oven for 24 hours at a temperature of about 40-60-C. The dried granulation is then passed through a 2 0 mesh screen . The f inal composition is about 62 . 5% of the excipient of Example 7 and about 37 . 5% Verapamil HCl . The mixture is then blended with other half of excipient of Example 7 for 10 minutes in V-blender. Hydrogenated vegetable oil is then addea and blended 5 minutes, magnesium stearate is then added and blended for an additional 5 minutes. The final composition of the mixture is then same as in Example 8 and Example 9 and is tableted.
EFFECT OF M~THO~ OF INCORPoRATIoN
In Examples 11-13, the active ingredient (Verapamil WO93/01803 2,0g 2~8~ -24- PCl/US92/05712 HCl) is granulated with the controlled release excipient according to the methods set ~orth in Examples 7-9 respectively in order to compare the dissolution curves obtained .
In Example 11, the excipient is prepared according to the process set forth in Example 7 and is then blended with the active ingredient and tableted according to the process set f orth in Examp e 8 . In Example 12, the excipient is prepared accoraing to the process set forth in Example 7 and is then blended with the active ingredient and tableted, according to the process set forth in Example 9. In Example 13, the excipient is prepared according to the process set forth in Example 7 and is then blended with the active ingredient and tableted according to the process set forth in Example 10 .
In each of Examples 11-13, the tablets weigh about 1067 mg . The drug: gum ratio in each of Examples 11-13 is 1:1; and the locust bean gum (~BG) to xanthan gum (XG) ratio is 1:1.
Each tablet of Examples 11-13 contain about 240 mg Verapamil ~Cl, about 800 mg excipient, about 21.3 mg hydrogenated vegetable oil, and about 5 . 3 mg magnesium stearate. Further information regarding Examples 11-13 is provided in Table 1 below.
WO 93/01803 , 2 0 9 2 2 8 7 . Pcr/~S92/0~712 Drug:Gum %Gum in LBG:XG
5Example B~Q ~.,r;ni,~nt Ratio ~5L ~251 11 1:1 35 1:1 3.7 16.5 12 1:1 35 1:1 1.0 4.5 13 1:1 35 1:1 2.4 ----The tablets are tested in an automated USP dissolution apparatus, using distilled water at a volume of 1 liter and paddle method at 50 R.P.M. At 30 minute intervals the ultraviolet ~hssrh~nce of filtered portions of solution are compared to a standard having a known concentration of USP Verapamil HCl in the same medium.
The results are provided in Figure 2.
E2~AMPLES 14--16 ;F FFECT OF AMOUNT OF GU~q IN EXCIPIENT
In Examples 14-16, the aK~unt of gL~m in the excipient is varied in order to cs~are the ~ cnl~r~inn curves of the active ;n~;
(Verapamil HCl) cl~tained.
In each of ExampIes 14-16, the ~rnll~A ~lease P~;r;~n~ is prepared according to the process set forth in Example 7, except that the a~unt of g~nn in the ~W~ir;~ is varied. The slow release ~Yriri~n~ obtained for each of Examples 14-16 is then bl~d with the active ;~l;~n~ and tableted ~;n~ to the method set forth 3 o in Example 10.
The tablets of ExalDple 14 weigh about 861.5 mg and ccrltain about 240 mg Verapamil HCl, a out 600 mg ~ipi~nt, a~out 17.2 mg l1Y~ veget3ble oil, and about 4.3 mg , stearate.
WO 93/01803 7~9~,~87 -26- PCI/US92/05712 Ihe tal~lets of Ex~nple 15 weigh abalt 949.70 mg and contain aboQt 240 mg Verapamil HCl, abalt 686 mg PY~;riPnt, about 19 mg lly~ J~ 1 vegetàole oil, and abaut 4.70 mg , ' stearate.
~e tablets of Example 16 weigh ab3~t 1066.60 mg and ccntain about 240 mg Verail HCl, a~aut 800 mg P~'~;r;Pn~, abalt 21.3 mg llyll~ 1 vegeta}~le oil, and about 5.3 mg , ' stea~ate.
Fl~rther ;nfn~tinn LI~CI~dil~ Examples 14-16 is rrovided in Iable 2 bel~w.
~
~rug~ Gum in LI~G:~(;
Ratio ~;niPn~ Rati.Q ~ 90 15 14 1:1 40 1:1 2~9 15 1:1 35 1:1 2.4 16 1:1 30 1:1 1.2 3.3 The tablets are then teste~ for ~l;qqnllT~;nn in the Æe manner as in E~mples 11-13. Ihe results are provided in Figure 3.
MPr;~ 17-20 r- R~O
In ~nples 17-20, the ratio of loa~st bean gum (I~) to Y~an g~n (~$) is varied and the ~;qqnll~;nn curves cc~ared.
In each of Examples 17-20, the ~rnllP~9 release eYcipient is preparP~I aLw~ ~ to the proQ~ss set fQrth in Example 7, except that the L~ ratio is varied. nle t~rnllprl release ~ir;Pn~
o~tained fQr each of Ex~n,oles 17-20 is then blended with the active in~l;~nt (Verapamil HCl) and ta~leted accQrding to the pr~ess set fo~th in E7~ple 10.
Each of the tablets of E~mples 17-20 ~ntain about 240 mg 35 Verapalril HCl, about 738 mg PYriE~;Pn~, about 20 mg llyllll-J~
WO 93/~1803 2 ~ 9 2 2 8 7 PCIIUS92105712 vegetable oil, and abc~ut 5~ , stearate. Further ;nf~ tir~n regarding Exznples 17-20 is prbvided in Table 3 below:
1~
l~rug:Gum %G-Dn in Ii3G:XG
17 1:1 32.5 55:45 0.9 5.0 18 1:1 32.5 60:40 0.3 0.5 19 1:1 32.5 1:1 2.7 11.5 15 20 1:1 32.5 25:75 4.8 17.5 The tahlets are then tPsted for .l;cc~ ri~n in the same manner as in Examples 11-13. The resLIlts are pravided in Figure 4.
E~TF.C: 21--23 2 0 ~WG: GUM R~TIQ
In E~r,ples 21-23, the drug to gum ratio is varied and the ~liccrOl~ n Curve-c campared.
In each of Examples 21-Z3, the slow rele ce ex~ipient is prepare~
2 5 according to Example 7 and is then blended with the active in~rPrl;Pn~ (Verapamil HCl) and tableted.
In Example Zl, the tablets cc~tain abaut 240 ~ Verapamil, abaut 240 mg P~;r;~n~, abaut 9.84 mg llyLu~ ~L~l vegetable oil, and abaut 2.6 mg , stearate. In Example 22, the tablets cantain ab~ t 240 mg Verapamil, ab~ut 480 mg ~ nt, abaut 14.8 mg hy~ J,-~
vegetable oil, an~l abaut 3.7 mg , stearate. In Example 23, the tablets contain about lZ0 ~ Verapamil, abaut 720 mg ~-~;r;~n~, .
WO 93/01803 ~2~ PCI/US92/057t2 abalt 17.2 mg l~y~lr~ vegetable o;l ~ and about 4.3 mg stearate. h~rther infnnn~tinn regardir~ Examples 21-23 is set forth in Table 4 belaw:
T~LE 4 ~rug:Gum %G~n in LBG:~;
E~ Ratio F~in;(~nt Ratio T50 T90 = iL~2l 2:1 50 1:1 0.4 0.9 ~1 1:1 50 1:1 5.5 ~323 1:3 50 1:1 The tablets are then tested for ~ n~ ;nn in the same manner as in Examples ll-:L3. The results are provide~ in Figure 5.
~ LE 24 TATT~-IRlNr. ~ A ~WN ~ rI I ~Jr~ CIRVE
By varying the am~unt of g~ml, the LBG:~G ratio, the method of nn, or the drug:gum ratio, it is possiole to closely match the r~;c~lllt;nn profile of a fl;ffPrPn~ sla~ release fnr~ t;nn of the same drLig. This is .1, ., ~ ~l in the follawing example.
First, a n nntrnll~ release excipient is prepared aw Ldil~y to the process set forEh in E~mple 7.
In Example 24, the excipient is then blended with the active ingr~lient (Verapamil HCl) and tableted according to the prooess set forth in Example 8. Each tablet contains about 260 mg Verapamil, abalt 780 mg ~ n~, about 21.3 mg l~y~ vegetable oil, WO 93/0l803 2 ~ ~ 2 2 8 7 Pcrlus92lo57l2 and ahout 5.3 ~ stearate. Ihe tablets are then tested for ~.~;ccnll7t;nn il the sæ~e ~na~mer as in æx2nnples 11-13. As a v~ eYAmple, a CalAn~ SR caplet (r~7nt;7;n;n~ 240 ~ Verapa~
hy~'rn~-hlnr;r'o), availa'ole frcm G.D. Searle & Co., is si~n;larly tested for ~.~;~qnll7t;nn Further infnrmAt;nn L~rl dil~ Example~4is providel i~l Table 5 ~elow, a~ld the r~.;ccnlllt;r~n cLrves for B~ample 24 and Cala~l~ SR are provided i~l FigLre 6.
~ug:G~n %~n i~l LEG:XG
E~ ~3a~Q ,7,;~in;Pnt ~ T90 ~ 1:0.09 50 1:1 2.4 5.9 15 __ Cala P -- -- -- 2. 3 4 . 5 ~T'~ 25 =
A r nntrrll 1 Pr7~ release excipie lt is prepared according to 1 ~ ~ ~b ,. _._ et forth i l ExzQnple 1. Ihe eY~ ipie~lt of Example 25 incl~des deYtrose as the inert Illlr7~ ;r;71 filler, and Yanthan gun,/locLst '~ean g~ in a l:l ratio. The ~ JY of deYtr~se as cc~-red to the total weight of the rnntrnllPr~. release r~;~n;Pnt in ~æmple 25 is 70 percent by weight.
The rYr~;~;Pnt of Example 25 is then blended with Verapa il HCl for two mirmtes in a high speed mLy~er/grAnlllAtrlr with impeller and chcpper on. Lll~ ~L~u, ahout 1596 ~;Ct;ll~d water is added to the powder IILLY. and the }nix is ~n~ll Atr~d for abaut 2 minutes with impellOE and choppOE on.
q~e miYed product, which is now in the form of grar~les, is removed frcm the r3rAnlllAtnr and dried in a fluid be~ dryOE for abalIt WO93/01803 ~,~9~1 PCI/US92/05712 20 mi~tes. me dried ~m~ tinn is then passr~d through a 20 mesh sc~een.
Ihe r~n~rnl1r~1 release ~Yriri~nt/v~ l mixb~re is thenblended with 2% ' vegetable oil for about 5 miT~tes in a V-blender, and then 0.5% stearate is added and the mixture is blended for an ~rl;tinn~l 5 minu~es. me final, ~n of the mixture is about 97 . 5% of the ~-nntrr~ release ~iri~nt/v~ ~ l mixture, 2.00% ' Y, ~ vegetable oil, and 0.5% stearate, by weight.
~e mixb~re is then ~ ~I to form bisected, ca~le=haped p~ches such that the tablets have an average length of l9~mm, a width of 7 mm, and a thickness of 6 mm. Ihe av~age weight of the tablets produced is about 710 mg, and the average tablet hardness is about 12.5 kp. Each tablet contains abaut 240.0 mg Verapamil ~:1, 452.27 mg rnn~n llrd release exK ipient (about 135.68 mg of which c~mprise~3 ~than g~locust bean g~ in a l:1 ratio), 14.20 mg l~y(lr~ 1 vegetable oil, and 3.55 mg stearate. E~rther infr,~ti~ rrm~rnin~ the tablets of Example 25 are prrJvided in Table 6 below:
~ .
l) ~r:~ASF VERAPAI/ITT. TARr~T F~RllTrrA
IrlqrPflir-nr P~w~ll~ut: ~ (m~
rnn~llrY1 release 25 excipient 63.70 452.27 Verapamil H~ 33.80 240.00 llyilr~ l vegetable oil 2.00 14.20 ~ stearate 0.5Q 3 55 100% 710 mg Ihe tablets are tested in an USP lliqq~1llt1r~n apparabls, WO 93/01803 -3 1- 2 0 9 ~ 2 8 7 Pcr~US92/05712 using distilled water at a volume of 1 liter and paddle methal at 50 R.P.M. P~Liv-: rlie.enl~t;nn cur~eR for the tablets of Example 25 and Calan0 SR are pmvided in Figure 7.
Thus, the tablets of Example 25 provide a c~ nt;~lly identical ~7iRenl~lt;nn profile as carrç~ared to Calan5 SR. It is nateworthy, however, that the ta~lets of Example 25 weigh on the average of 710 mg as c~ared to the 1066 mg of the Wlets of E~mple 24, which also provided a Rllhc~nti~l ly identical ~;Renlll~;nn profile as cac~ared to Calan5 SR. It waild therefore be obvious to one skilled in the art that d;ffprpn~ sized tablets having R~lhetln~i~lly identical rl;eenll-t;nn profile as ca~3red to Calan~ 'iR may be dbtained by m~nirllAt;ng the percent hyr9r~rh;l;~- material in the controlled release PYrir;Pnt, and~or by m~n;rll~;n~ the drug to g~n ratio, aT~or by m~n;rll~in~ the methcd of i,~ inn of the ~ l Such - l~t;nnc are r nnc;r1PrrYl to be within the scope of the appended claims.
The preceding theories are offered solely by way of PYrl;m;~tinn and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these theories. me exa~les provided above are not meant to be exclusive. l~any o~her variations of the present invention wculd be obvious to those Rkilled in the a~t, and are, l ~tPrl to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A tablet for the controlled release of verapamil in the gastro-intestinal tract, comprising a controlled release excipient comprising a hydrophilic gum matrix comprising a xanthan gum and locust bean gum in a ratio of from about 3:1 to about 1:3; and an inert diluent selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a polyhydric alcohol, and mixtures thereof, the ratio of said inert diluent to said hydrophilic gum matrix being from about 4:1 to about 0.67:1, and an effective amount of verapamil, the ratio of verapamil to said hydrophilic gum matrix being from about 3:1 to about 1:3.
2. The tablet of claim 1, wherein the verapamil is dry granulated with said controlled release excipient prior to tableting.
3. The tablet of claim 1, wherein the verapamil is wet granulated with said controlled release excipient prior to tableting.
4. The tablet of claim 1, wherein a first portion of the verapamil is dry granulated with a first portion of said controlled release excipient, and a second portion of the verapamil is wet granulated with a second portion of said controlled release excipient, said dry granulated portion and said wet granulated portion being combined prior to tableting.
5. The tablet of claim 1, wherein the ratio of xanthan gum to locust bean gum is about 1:1.
6. A tablet for the controlled release of verapamil in the gastro-intestinal tract, comprising from about 45 to about 70 percent of a controlled release excipient comprising from about 25 to about 55% of a hydrophilic material comprising a xanthan gum and locust bean gum in a ratio of about 1:1, and an inert diluent selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a polyhydric alcohol, and mixtures thereof, and an effective amount of verapamil.
7. The tablet of claim 6, wherein the ratio of verapamil to said hydrophilic material is from about 1.0:0.4 to about 1.0:0.7.
8. A method for preparing a controlled release verapamil formulation, comprising preparing a hydrophilic gum matrix comprising xanthan gum and locust bean gum in a ration of about 1:1;
mixing said hydrophilic gum matrix with an inert diluent selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a polyhydric alcohol, and mixture thereof, in a ratio of said inert diluent to said hydrophilic gum matrix from about 4:1 to about 0.67:1;
combining the mixture of hydrophilic gum matrix/inert diluent with verapamil, such that the ratio of verapamil to said hydrophilic gum matrix/inert diluent mixture is from about 1.0:0.4 to about 1.0:0.7;
and compressing the resultant mixture to form solid tablets having a desired dosage of verapamil, the verapamil being released according to a desired dissolution profile when exposed to gastric fluid.
mixing said hydrophilic gum matrix with an inert diluent selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a polyhydric alcohol, and mixture thereof, in a ratio of said inert diluent to said hydrophilic gum matrix from about 4:1 to about 0.67:1;
combining the mixture of hydrophilic gum matrix/inert diluent with verapamil, such that the ratio of verapamil to said hydrophilic gum matrix/inert diluent mixture is from about 1.0:0.4 to about 1.0:0.7;
and compressing the resultant mixture to form solid tablets having a desired dosage of verapamil, the verapamil being released according to a desired dissolution profile when exposed to gastric fluid.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein verapamil is combined with the mixture of hydrophilic gum matrix/inert diluent via wet granulation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US736,031 | 1991-07-25 | ||
| US07/736,031 US5169639A (en) | 1988-09-19 | 1991-07-25 | Controlled release verapamil tablets |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2092287A1 CA2092287A1 (en) | 1993-01-26 |
| CA2092287C true CA2092287C (en) | 1997-03-25 |
Family
ID=24958214
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002092287A Expired - Fee Related CA2092287C (en) | 1991-07-25 | 1992-07-02 | Controlled release verapamil tablet |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5169639A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0550737B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0733339B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR0184308B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE147974T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU649163B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2092287C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69217031T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0550737T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2099273T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI107231B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3023086T3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU218658B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE922411A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL102614A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9204352A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993001803A1 (en) |
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-
1991
- 1991-07-25 US US07/736,031 patent/US5169639A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-07-02 WO PCT/US1992/005712 patent/WO1993001803A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-07-02 KR KR1019930700917A patent/KR0184308B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-02 CA CA002092287A patent/CA2092287C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-07-02 EP EP92916803A patent/EP0550737B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-02 AU AU24033/92A patent/AU649163B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-07-02 AT AT92916803T patent/ATE147974T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-02 DK DK92916803.7T patent/DK0550737T3/da active
- 1992-07-02 ES ES92916803T patent/ES2099273T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-02 DE DE69217031T patent/DE69217031T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-07-02 JP JP5502844A patent/JPH0733339B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-07-02 HU HU9300768A patent/HU218658B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-23 IL IL10261492A patent/IL102614A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-24 MX MX9204352A patent/MX9204352A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-24 IE IE241192A patent/IE922411A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-03-25 FI FI931342A patent/FI107231B/en active
-
1997
- 1997-04-09 GR GR970400758T patent/GR3023086T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0550737A1 (en) | 1993-07-14 |
| JPH0733339B2 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
| EP0550737B1 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
| HU218658B (en) | 2000-10-28 |
| IL102614A0 (en) | 1993-01-14 |
| JPH06500576A (en) | 1994-01-20 |
| FI107231B (en) | 2001-06-29 |
| ATE147974T1 (en) | 1997-02-15 |
| FI931342A (en) | 1993-03-25 |
| DE69217031D1 (en) | 1997-03-06 |
| IL102614A (en) | 1997-02-18 |
| KR930701983A (en) | 1993-09-08 |
| EP0550737A4 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
| AU2403392A (en) | 1993-02-23 |
| MX9204352A (en) | 1993-04-01 |
| WO1993001803A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 |
| ES2099273T3 (en) | 1997-05-16 |
| US5169639A (en) | 1992-12-08 |
| HU9300768D0 (en) | 1993-06-28 |
| DE69217031T2 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
| KR0184308B1 (en) | 1999-05-01 |
| DK0550737T3 (en) | 1997-02-17 |
| FI931342A0 (en) | 1993-03-25 |
| HUT64221A (en) | 1993-12-28 |
| GR3023086T3 (en) | 1997-07-30 |
| AU649163B2 (en) | 1994-05-12 |
| IE922411A1 (en) | 1993-01-27 |
| CA2092287A1 (en) | 1993-01-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |