CA2087874C - Video theater system and reproducing apparatus therefor - Google Patents
Video theater system and reproducing apparatus thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA2087874C CA2087874C CA002087874A CA2087874A CA2087874C CA 2087874 C CA2087874 C CA 2087874C CA 002087874 A CA002087874 A CA 002087874A CA 2087874 A CA2087874 A CA 2087874A CA 2087874 C CA2087874 C CA 2087874C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- scrambled
- video
- decoder
- signals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
- G11B20/0021—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving encryption or decryption of contents recorded on or reproduced from a record carrier
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
- G11B20/0021—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving encryption or decryption of contents recorded on or reproduced from a record carrier
- G11B20/00485—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving encryption or decryption of contents recorded on or reproduced from a record carrier characterised by a specific kind of data which is encrypted and recorded on and/or reproduced from the record carrier
- G11B20/00492—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving encryption or decryption of contents recorded on or reproduced from a record carrier characterised by a specific kind of data which is encrypted and recorded on and/or reproduced from the record carrier wherein content or user data is encrypted
- G11B20/00514—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving encryption or decryption of contents recorded on or reproduced from a record carrier characterised by a specific kind of data which is encrypted and recorded on and/or reproduced from the record carrier wherein content or user data is encrypted wherein the entire content is encrypted with the same key, e.g. disc key or master key
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/76—Television signal recording
- H04N5/765—Interface circuits between an apparatus for recording and another apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/76—Television signal recording
- H04N5/78—Television signal recording using magnetic recording
- H04N5/782—Television signal recording using magnetic recording on tape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/76—Television signal recording
- H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
- H04N7/167—Systems rendering the television signal unintelligible and subsequently intelligible
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2211/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of data-processing equipment not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00
- G06F2211/007—Encryption, En-/decode, En-/decipher, En-/decypher, Scramble, (De-)compress
Abstract
The video theater system of the present invention includes a reproduction apparatus which permits pictures reproduced from a distribution tape and pictures received from a communication satellite to be selectively displayed on the screen. A scrambled signal transmitted from the communication satellite is converted to a scrambled signal of the same format as the scrambled signal reproduced from the distribution tape, thus permitting the use of a common decoder to respectively descramble one of the two signals received from different input sources.
Description
.
TITLE OF THE INV~Nl~lON
Video Theater System and Reproduction Apparatus Therefor FIELD OF THE lNV~N'l'lON AND RELATED ART STATEMENT
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a video theater system in which a distribution tape made by a tele-cine (photo-electric conversion) device converts film, a movie film for example, to a video tape which may be projected on a screen.
TITLE OF THE INV~Nl~lON
Video Theater System and Reproduction Apparatus Therefor FIELD OF THE lNV~N'l'lON AND RELATED ART STATEMENT
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a video theater system in which a distribution tape made by a tele-cine (photo-electric conversion) device converts film, a movie film for example, to a video tape which may be projected on a screen.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
In Japan, there were approximately seven thousand and five hundred movie theaters in the period from 1955 to 1984, and the film industry in those days played a major role in the amusement industry of Japan. However thereafter, the leading role has changed from the movies to television.
Further, in~recent years the rental business of movies on video cassette tape has become popular. As a result, the number of movie theaters in Japan had decreased to one thousand, nine hundred and twelve by 1989.
On the other hand in the United States, the movie business has experienced growth because of improvements in movie theater equipment and the recent establishment of multiplex theaters. Between 1964 and 1989, the number of movie theaters has increased from approximately twenty thousand to twenty-four thousand, and the earnings of the film industry has increased as a whole.
To stop the aforementioned decline of the film industry, the Japanese cinema companies have taken several countermeasures such as t~çhnical improvements in movie theater equipment, installation of luxurious seats and establishment of miniature theaters. However, in spite of such efforts, there has as yet been little effect on movie theater attendance.
In the meantime, video theaters have appeared in various parts of the country. These theaters project images on the screen using a video cassette tape in place of a film. These video theaters are set up in combination with a supermarket or department store, etc. rather than an independent movie theater. Each of these video theaters has approximately one hundred seats, and projection of the cinema is operated automatically.
The known video theater systems make video tapes and distribute the tapes to video theaters. The tapes are made by converting films into electric signals using a tele-cine device which includes a photo-electric converter and a color corrector. The tele-cine device uses photoelectric conversion to convert pictures on the film and performs color correction to improve color reproduction of the video. Electric signals issued from the tele-cine device are recorded on a master tape by a master VCR (Video Cassette Recorder) such as a digital VCR. Thereafter, the electric signals recorded on the master tape are reproduced by another master VCR, and many distribution copies of the tape are produced by a dubbing VCRs. An M2-format VCR, such as a type AU-650 by Matsushita Electric Industries, may be used as the dubbing VCR. The distribution tapes are distributed to the video theaters to be projected on the screen. In the video theater, several M2-format reproducing VCRs are used to reproduce signals recorded on the distribution tapes. An AV controller selects video signals which are to be reproduced by the reproduction VCRs. Video signals selected by the AV controller are input to an ED
(Enhanced Definition) / WD (Wide Display) digital scanning converter to achieve progressive scAnning for double density; and the resultant video signals are projected by a projector onto a movie screen.
However, there is a problem with the above-described conventional video theater system. Namely, since management of the distribution tapes is entrusted to a manager of the video theater, it is easy to make illegal copies from the distribution tapes. This may result in lost revenues for the video rental business. Protection against illegal dubbing is built into some video tapes. But, many such video tapes have only simple protection devices such as horizontal synchronizing signals for the video signals.
2087~74 Since the image signal exists on the tape as it is, it is easy to make a copy tape by removing the protection.
Further, as the number of video theaters increases, the number of distribution tapes required also increases.
S Therefore, a distribution company must produce and manage many video tapes, and the cost of screening a movie in a theater located in a remote place becomes high.
OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to offer a video theater system which can offer an alternate screening system besides the distribution system that requires many video tapes.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a video theater system of the present invention comprises:
means for reproducing a first scrambled signal recorded on a video tape;
means for receiving a second scrambled signal from a communication satellite;
means for selecting a one of said first and second scr~mhled signals;
means for descrambling a signal selected by said selection means to produce a picture signal; and means for displaying a picture based on said picture signal.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a video theater system which can prevent illegal dubbing of cinema, etc. and to offer an alternate ~ 4 -screening system besides the distribution system that requires video tapes.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned further aspect, a video theater system of the present invention comprises:
reproducing means for reproducing a first scrambled signal recorded on a video tape;
receiving means for receiving a second scrambled signal transmitted from a communication satellite;
signal converting means for removing a copy protection process from the second scrambled signal to thereby convert the second scrambled signal into a third scrambled signal which has the same format as the first scrambled signal;
selection means for selecting one of the first scrambled signal and the third scrambled signal;
descrambling means for descrambling a signal selected by the selection means into a picture signal; and display means for displaying a picture based on the picture signal.
According to the above-described video theater system, the scrambled signal transmitted from the communication satellite is converted to the scrambled signal of the same format as the scrambled signal reproduced from the video tape. Therefore, each of the two signals from different input sources is descrambled by the common descrambling means. It is also an advantage in controlling the screening costs at remote theaters that a screening can be accomplished using signals transmitted from a communications -satellite as well as an ordinary screening system dependent exclusively on distribution tapes.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a reproduction apparatus for a video theater, comprising:
a reproduction video cassette recorder for reproducing a signal recorded on a video tape in a scrambled format using a line permutation process;
receiving means for receiving a signal transmitted from a communication satellite in a copy-protected format using 0 at least two encoding processes, including line permutation;
a first decoder for decoding a copy-protection format other than line permutation from a signal received by the receiving means;
multiplexing means which extracts a scramble key signal from an output signal of the first decoder and multiplexes a picture signal of the output signal with a signal derived by adding a synchronization signal to the scramble key signal;
selection means for selecting a one of the signals issued from the reproduction video cassette recorder and the multiplexing means;
a second decoder for removing line permutation scrambling from a signal selected by the selection means; and display means for displaying a picture based on an output signal of the second decoder.
According to the above-described reproduction apparatus for the video theater, each of the two signals from the different input sources are descrambled by the common decoder, and excellent protection against illegal reproduction is achieved for a communication satellite transmission system using an intermediate process which changes the code processing.
While the novel features of the invention are set forth particularly in the appended claims, the invention, both as to organization and content, will be better understood and appreciated, along with other objects and features thereof, from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a process for making distribution tapes from a film, and a reproduction apparatus for a video theater, in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a process for making a distribution tape from a film and a reproduction apparatus for a video theater in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an illustration showing a method of line permutation encoding; and FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a prior art reproduction and projection system for video tapes.
2087~7~
-DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Hereafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[First embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a process for making a distribution tape 7 from a film 1 and a reproduction apparatus for a video theater by which a picture reproduced from the distribution tape 7 and video signals received from a communication satellite via radio wave are selectively displayed on the screen.
In FIG. 1, pictures on the film 1 are converted into electric signals by a tele-cine device 2 which includes a photo-electric converter 2a and a color corrector 2b. The tele-cine device 2 photo-electrically converts the pictures on the film 1 and performs color correction to improve color reproducibility. Electric signals issued by the tele-cine device 2 are recorded in a master tape 4 by a master VCR 3 such as a digital VCR. The electric signals recorded on the master tape~4 are reproduced by another master VCR 5. Next, signals reproduced by the master VCR 5 are scrambled by a scrambler 12. The scrambler 12 includes a circuit for multiplexing the signals using a scramble key signal KS
(e.g., a random number of 64 bits) which is also used to descramble the video tape. In this embodiment, scrambling by line permutation is the scramble system used, and the multiplexing by the scramble key signal KS is executed during a vertical blanking period of the video signals.
Signals issued from the scrambler 12 are recorded in many distribution tapes 7 by a dubbing VCR 6.
Concurrently, a communication satellite CS is transmitting scrambled signals. In actuality, scrambling by the line permutation is effected, as well as copy-protection processes by the synchronization-suppression-and-synchronization-level-shift and the video inversion methods.
Radio waves transmitted from the communication satellite CS is received by an antenna 13 and thereafter isolated by a tuner 14. Signals isolated by the tuner 14 are input to a first decoder 15, which decodes (removes) the copy-protection (processes) such as the synchronization-suppression-and-synchronization-level-shift and the video inversion. Decoded signals are input to a multiplexing device 18. At the same time, an extractor 16 reads the coded scramble key signal KS from the output signals of the first decoder 15. A synchronizing signal adder 17 adds a synchronizing signal from the video signal to the scramble key signal Ks, and the resultant signal is input to the multiplexing device 18. In the multiplexing device 18, the signal resulting from the addition of the scramble key signal Ks with the synchronizing signal is used to multiplex the video signal scrambled with line permutation within a vertical blanking period, and the resultant signals are input to an AV controller 9. Ou~L signals issued from a reproducing VCR 8, which reproduces scrambled signals recorded on the distribution tape 7, are also input to the AV controller 9. The AV controller 9 selects and issues one of the scrambled signals respectively derived from the communication satellite CS and the reproducing VCR 8.
OuL~uL signals issued from the AV controller 9 are descrambled by a second decoder 19 and restored into a normal video signal. The video signal is input to an ED/WD
digital sc~nn; ng converter 10 and displayed on the screen by a projector 11.
As stated above, the signals transmitted from the communication satellite CS are converted to scrambled signals of the same format as the signals recorded on the distribution tape 7. Therefore, each of the two signals from different input sources are descrambled by a common (second) decoder 19; and video signals supplied in the form of radio wave transmission and video signals supplied by the distribution of video cassettes are selectably displayed on the screen. Further, protection from illegal dubbing and recording are applied to the distribution tape 7 and the signals transmitted from the communication satellite CS, respectively. Also, the screening cost at a remote location can be controlled because the screening can be accomplished using the signals transmitted from the communication satellite CS as well as by the ordinary system which is dependent on a distribution tape 7.
Apart from the above-mentioned first embodiment in which the second decoder 19 is disposed outside of the 2û87~74 projector 11, another embodiment may be such that the second decoder 19 is incorporated in the projector 11 or another display device (not illustrated) equivalent to the projector 11 .
Although it is probably preferable in terms of concealment to perform the descrambling within a casing of the projector 11 (as shown by a projector 21 in FIG. 2), it is not otherwise important whether the descrambling is performed in the ED/WD digital sc~nn;ng converter 10 or at a stage prior`thereto.
~Second embodiment]
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention. Corresponding parts are labeled the same as those of the first embodiment, and the descriptions of the first embodiment similarly applies. In this second embodiment, an encoder 20 is provided, and the projector 21 includes the ED/WD digital sc~nn;ng converter 10 and the second decoder 19. The production process for the distribution tapes 7 and the system for the distribution and the screening are substantially the same as the first embodiment.~
Hereinafter, a scrambling method by line permutation, which is the same as described above with reference to the first embodiment, is described. Scrambling by the scrambler 12 is achieved by a process referred to as line permutation. Since the synchronizing signal of video signals is maintained as it is, recording in the dubbing VCR
6 is carried out by means of the ordinary recording method.
FIG. 3 is an illustration showing the method of line permutation. In FIG. 3, a normal picture area of each field has 240 scAn~;ng lines. These scAnn;ng lines are divided into blocks of 30 and 60 lines. The occurrence of these two block sizes is random, and further randomization is accomplished by changing the sequence of the blocks at random. Thus, it is difficult to distinguish a boundary of adjacent blocks. During encoding, a scramble key signal is stored in the vertical blanking period on the video tape 7, and descrambling is accomplished using this scramble key signal to restore the signals to their proper sequence.
Although a copy-protection method for the audio portion of a VCR tape is not shown in FIG. 3, a scramble method in which PN code (pseudorandom code) is added to PCM voice, may be used.
In FIG. 2, the scramble key signal Ks, which is extracted by an extractor 16 from the first decoder 15, consists of a block code. This coded scramble key signal KS
is converted by the encoder 20 to another block code having another code table. The synchronizing signal adder 17 adds a synchronizing signal derived from the video signal to the block code, and the resultant output is input to the multiplexing device 18. Signals recorded on the distribution tape 7, which are in a similar format to signals issued from the multiplexing device 18, are reproduced by the reproducing VCR 8. The signals issued from 208787~
the multiplexing device 18 and signals issued from the reproducing VCR 8 are input to the AV controller 9 which selects the~signal to be projected on the screen. The selected signals are input to the projector 21, which includes the ED/WD sc~nn; ng converter 10 and the second decoder 19.
As has been stated above, in the second embodiment, each of the two signals from different input sources are descrambled by the common (second) decoder 19, and the protection against illegal reproduction is improved in the communication satellite transmission system by the intermediate process which dynamically changes the code processing.
FIG. 4~shows a block diagram of a prior art video theater system. In accordance with the prior art system, a film 1 was converted by a tele-cine device 2 to a video signal which was recorded to a master tape 4. The master tape 4 was used to produce a plurality of distribution tapes 7 using a master VCR 5 which drives one or more dubbing VCR
6. The distribution tapes 7 were distributed to video theaters where a reproducing VCR 8 was used to pass video signals to an AV controller 9 which routed the signals to an ED/WD digital scanning converter 10 which expanded the signals for a projector 11 that displays the movie on a screen.
It is apparent that the prior art system described above lacks the duplication protection and the other advantages provided by the present invention.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of presently preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that such disclosure is not to be interpreted as limiting. Various alterations and modifications will no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art after having read the above disclosure. Accordingly, it is intended that the scope of the appended claims be interpreted as covering all alterations and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
In Japan, there were approximately seven thousand and five hundred movie theaters in the period from 1955 to 1984, and the film industry in those days played a major role in the amusement industry of Japan. However thereafter, the leading role has changed from the movies to television.
Further, in~recent years the rental business of movies on video cassette tape has become popular. As a result, the number of movie theaters in Japan had decreased to one thousand, nine hundred and twelve by 1989.
On the other hand in the United States, the movie business has experienced growth because of improvements in movie theater equipment and the recent establishment of multiplex theaters. Between 1964 and 1989, the number of movie theaters has increased from approximately twenty thousand to twenty-four thousand, and the earnings of the film industry has increased as a whole.
To stop the aforementioned decline of the film industry, the Japanese cinema companies have taken several countermeasures such as t~çhnical improvements in movie theater equipment, installation of luxurious seats and establishment of miniature theaters. However, in spite of such efforts, there has as yet been little effect on movie theater attendance.
In the meantime, video theaters have appeared in various parts of the country. These theaters project images on the screen using a video cassette tape in place of a film. These video theaters are set up in combination with a supermarket or department store, etc. rather than an independent movie theater. Each of these video theaters has approximately one hundred seats, and projection of the cinema is operated automatically.
The known video theater systems make video tapes and distribute the tapes to video theaters. The tapes are made by converting films into electric signals using a tele-cine device which includes a photo-electric converter and a color corrector. The tele-cine device uses photoelectric conversion to convert pictures on the film and performs color correction to improve color reproduction of the video. Electric signals issued from the tele-cine device are recorded on a master tape by a master VCR (Video Cassette Recorder) such as a digital VCR. Thereafter, the electric signals recorded on the master tape are reproduced by another master VCR, and many distribution copies of the tape are produced by a dubbing VCRs. An M2-format VCR, such as a type AU-650 by Matsushita Electric Industries, may be used as the dubbing VCR. The distribution tapes are distributed to the video theaters to be projected on the screen. In the video theater, several M2-format reproducing VCRs are used to reproduce signals recorded on the distribution tapes. An AV controller selects video signals which are to be reproduced by the reproduction VCRs. Video signals selected by the AV controller are input to an ED
(Enhanced Definition) / WD (Wide Display) digital scanning converter to achieve progressive scAnning for double density; and the resultant video signals are projected by a projector onto a movie screen.
However, there is a problem with the above-described conventional video theater system. Namely, since management of the distribution tapes is entrusted to a manager of the video theater, it is easy to make illegal copies from the distribution tapes. This may result in lost revenues for the video rental business. Protection against illegal dubbing is built into some video tapes. But, many such video tapes have only simple protection devices such as horizontal synchronizing signals for the video signals.
2087~74 Since the image signal exists on the tape as it is, it is easy to make a copy tape by removing the protection.
Further, as the number of video theaters increases, the number of distribution tapes required also increases.
S Therefore, a distribution company must produce and manage many video tapes, and the cost of screening a movie in a theater located in a remote place becomes high.
OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to offer a video theater system which can offer an alternate screening system besides the distribution system that requires many video tapes.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a video theater system of the present invention comprises:
means for reproducing a first scrambled signal recorded on a video tape;
means for receiving a second scrambled signal from a communication satellite;
means for selecting a one of said first and second scr~mhled signals;
means for descrambling a signal selected by said selection means to produce a picture signal; and means for displaying a picture based on said picture signal.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a video theater system which can prevent illegal dubbing of cinema, etc. and to offer an alternate ~ 4 -screening system besides the distribution system that requires video tapes.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned further aspect, a video theater system of the present invention comprises:
reproducing means for reproducing a first scrambled signal recorded on a video tape;
receiving means for receiving a second scrambled signal transmitted from a communication satellite;
signal converting means for removing a copy protection process from the second scrambled signal to thereby convert the second scrambled signal into a third scrambled signal which has the same format as the first scrambled signal;
selection means for selecting one of the first scrambled signal and the third scrambled signal;
descrambling means for descrambling a signal selected by the selection means into a picture signal; and display means for displaying a picture based on the picture signal.
According to the above-described video theater system, the scrambled signal transmitted from the communication satellite is converted to the scrambled signal of the same format as the scrambled signal reproduced from the video tape. Therefore, each of the two signals from different input sources is descrambled by the common descrambling means. It is also an advantage in controlling the screening costs at remote theaters that a screening can be accomplished using signals transmitted from a communications -satellite as well as an ordinary screening system dependent exclusively on distribution tapes.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a reproduction apparatus for a video theater, comprising:
a reproduction video cassette recorder for reproducing a signal recorded on a video tape in a scrambled format using a line permutation process;
receiving means for receiving a signal transmitted from a communication satellite in a copy-protected format using 0 at least two encoding processes, including line permutation;
a first decoder for decoding a copy-protection format other than line permutation from a signal received by the receiving means;
multiplexing means which extracts a scramble key signal from an output signal of the first decoder and multiplexes a picture signal of the output signal with a signal derived by adding a synchronization signal to the scramble key signal;
selection means for selecting a one of the signals issued from the reproduction video cassette recorder and the multiplexing means;
a second decoder for removing line permutation scrambling from a signal selected by the selection means; and display means for displaying a picture based on an output signal of the second decoder.
According to the above-described reproduction apparatus for the video theater, each of the two signals from the different input sources are descrambled by the common decoder, and excellent protection against illegal reproduction is achieved for a communication satellite transmission system using an intermediate process which changes the code processing.
While the novel features of the invention are set forth particularly in the appended claims, the invention, both as to organization and content, will be better understood and appreciated, along with other objects and features thereof, from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a process for making distribution tapes from a film, and a reproduction apparatus for a video theater, in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a process for making a distribution tape from a film and a reproduction apparatus for a video theater in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an illustration showing a method of line permutation encoding; and FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a prior art reproduction and projection system for video tapes.
2087~7~
-DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Hereafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[First embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a process for making a distribution tape 7 from a film 1 and a reproduction apparatus for a video theater by which a picture reproduced from the distribution tape 7 and video signals received from a communication satellite via radio wave are selectively displayed on the screen.
In FIG. 1, pictures on the film 1 are converted into electric signals by a tele-cine device 2 which includes a photo-electric converter 2a and a color corrector 2b. The tele-cine device 2 photo-electrically converts the pictures on the film 1 and performs color correction to improve color reproducibility. Electric signals issued by the tele-cine device 2 are recorded in a master tape 4 by a master VCR 3 such as a digital VCR. The electric signals recorded on the master tape~4 are reproduced by another master VCR 5. Next, signals reproduced by the master VCR 5 are scrambled by a scrambler 12. The scrambler 12 includes a circuit for multiplexing the signals using a scramble key signal KS
(e.g., a random number of 64 bits) which is also used to descramble the video tape. In this embodiment, scrambling by line permutation is the scramble system used, and the multiplexing by the scramble key signal KS is executed during a vertical blanking period of the video signals.
Signals issued from the scrambler 12 are recorded in many distribution tapes 7 by a dubbing VCR 6.
Concurrently, a communication satellite CS is transmitting scrambled signals. In actuality, scrambling by the line permutation is effected, as well as copy-protection processes by the synchronization-suppression-and-synchronization-level-shift and the video inversion methods.
Radio waves transmitted from the communication satellite CS is received by an antenna 13 and thereafter isolated by a tuner 14. Signals isolated by the tuner 14 are input to a first decoder 15, which decodes (removes) the copy-protection (processes) such as the synchronization-suppression-and-synchronization-level-shift and the video inversion. Decoded signals are input to a multiplexing device 18. At the same time, an extractor 16 reads the coded scramble key signal KS from the output signals of the first decoder 15. A synchronizing signal adder 17 adds a synchronizing signal from the video signal to the scramble key signal Ks, and the resultant signal is input to the multiplexing device 18. In the multiplexing device 18, the signal resulting from the addition of the scramble key signal Ks with the synchronizing signal is used to multiplex the video signal scrambled with line permutation within a vertical blanking period, and the resultant signals are input to an AV controller 9. Ou~L signals issued from a reproducing VCR 8, which reproduces scrambled signals recorded on the distribution tape 7, are also input to the AV controller 9. The AV controller 9 selects and issues one of the scrambled signals respectively derived from the communication satellite CS and the reproducing VCR 8.
OuL~uL signals issued from the AV controller 9 are descrambled by a second decoder 19 and restored into a normal video signal. The video signal is input to an ED/WD
digital sc~nn; ng converter 10 and displayed on the screen by a projector 11.
As stated above, the signals transmitted from the communication satellite CS are converted to scrambled signals of the same format as the signals recorded on the distribution tape 7. Therefore, each of the two signals from different input sources are descrambled by a common (second) decoder 19; and video signals supplied in the form of radio wave transmission and video signals supplied by the distribution of video cassettes are selectably displayed on the screen. Further, protection from illegal dubbing and recording are applied to the distribution tape 7 and the signals transmitted from the communication satellite CS, respectively. Also, the screening cost at a remote location can be controlled because the screening can be accomplished using the signals transmitted from the communication satellite CS as well as by the ordinary system which is dependent on a distribution tape 7.
Apart from the above-mentioned first embodiment in which the second decoder 19 is disposed outside of the 2û87~74 projector 11, another embodiment may be such that the second decoder 19 is incorporated in the projector 11 or another display device (not illustrated) equivalent to the projector 11 .
Although it is probably preferable in terms of concealment to perform the descrambling within a casing of the projector 11 (as shown by a projector 21 in FIG. 2), it is not otherwise important whether the descrambling is performed in the ED/WD digital sc~nn;ng converter 10 or at a stage prior`thereto.
~Second embodiment]
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention. Corresponding parts are labeled the same as those of the first embodiment, and the descriptions of the first embodiment similarly applies. In this second embodiment, an encoder 20 is provided, and the projector 21 includes the ED/WD digital sc~nn;ng converter 10 and the second decoder 19. The production process for the distribution tapes 7 and the system for the distribution and the screening are substantially the same as the first embodiment.~
Hereinafter, a scrambling method by line permutation, which is the same as described above with reference to the first embodiment, is described. Scrambling by the scrambler 12 is achieved by a process referred to as line permutation. Since the synchronizing signal of video signals is maintained as it is, recording in the dubbing VCR
6 is carried out by means of the ordinary recording method.
FIG. 3 is an illustration showing the method of line permutation. In FIG. 3, a normal picture area of each field has 240 scAn~;ng lines. These scAnn;ng lines are divided into blocks of 30 and 60 lines. The occurrence of these two block sizes is random, and further randomization is accomplished by changing the sequence of the blocks at random. Thus, it is difficult to distinguish a boundary of adjacent blocks. During encoding, a scramble key signal is stored in the vertical blanking period on the video tape 7, and descrambling is accomplished using this scramble key signal to restore the signals to their proper sequence.
Although a copy-protection method for the audio portion of a VCR tape is not shown in FIG. 3, a scramble method in which PN code (pseudorandom code) is added to PCM voice, may be used.
In FIG. 2, the scramble key signal Ks, which is extracted by an extractor 16 from the first decoder 15, consists of a block code. This coded scramble key signal KS
is converted by the encoder 20 to another block code having another code table. The synchronizing signal adder 17 adds a synchronizing signal derived from the video signal to the block code, and the resultant output is input to the multiplexing device 18. Signals recorded on the distribution tape 7, which are in a similar format to signals issued from the multiplexing device 18, are reproduced by the reproducing VCR 8. The signals issued from 208787~
the multiplexing device 18 and signals issued from the reproducing VCR 8 are input to the AV controller 9 which selects the~signal to be projected on the screen. The selected signals are input to the projector 21, which includes the ED/WD sc~nn; ng converter 10 and the second decoder 19.
As has been stated above, in the second embodiment, each of the two signals from different input sources are descrambled by the common (second) decoder 19, and the protection against illegal reproduction is improved in the communication satellite transmission system by the intermediate process which dynamically changes the code processing.
FIG. 4~shows a block diagram of a prior art video theater system. In accordance with the prior art system, a film 1 was converted by a tele-cine device 2 to a video signal which was recorded to a master tape 4. The master tape 4 was used to produce a plurality of distribution tapes 7 using a master VCR 5 which drives one or more dubbing VCR
6. The distribution tapes 7 were distributed to video theaters where a reproducing VCR 8 was used to pass video signals to an AV controller 9 which routed the signals to an ED/WD digital scanning converter 10 which expanded the signals for a projector 11 that displays the movie on a screen.
It is apparent that the prior art system described above lacks the duplication protection and the other advantages provided by the present invention.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of presently preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that such disclosure is not to be interpreted as limiting. Various alterations and modifications will no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art after having read the above disclosure. Accordingly, it is intended that the scope of the appended claims be interpreted as covering all alterations and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A video theater system comprising:
means for reproducing a first scrambled signal recorded on a video tape;
means for receiving a second scrambled signal from a communication satellite;
means for selecting a one of said first and second scrambled signals;
means for descrambling a signal selected by said selection means to produce a picture signal; and means for displaying a picture based on said picture signal.
means for reproducing a first scrambled signal recorded on a video tape;
means for receiving a second scrambled signal from a communication satellite;
means for selecting a one of said first and second scrambled signals;
means for descrambling a signal selected by said selection means to produce a picture signal; and means for displaying a picture based on said picture signal.
2. The video theater system as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least a one of the first and second signals is scrambled to inhibit the unauthorized reproduction of the material from which the signals were derived.
3. The video theater system as claimed in claim 1 wherein both of the first and second signals are scrambled.
4. A video theater system comprising:
reproducing means for reproducing a first scrambled signal recorded on a video tape;
receiving means for receiving a second scrambled signal transmitted from a communication satellite;
signal converting means for removing a copy-protection process from said second scrambled signal to thereby convert said second scrambled signal into a third scrambled signal which has the same format as said first scrambled signal;
selection means for selecting a one of said first scrambled signal and said third scrambled signal;
descrambling means for descrambling a signal selected by said selection means to produce a picture signal; and display means for displaying a picture based on said picture signal.
reproducing means for reproducing a first scrambled signal recorded on a video tape;
receiving means for receiving a second scrambled signal transmitted from a communication satellite;
signal converting means for removing a copy-protection process from said second scrambled signal to thereby convert said second scrambled signal into a third scrambled signal which has the same format as said first scrambled signal;
selection means for selecting a one of said first scrambled signal and said third scrambled signal;
descrambling means for descrambling a signal selected by said selection means to produce a picture signal; and display means for displaying a picture based on said picture signal.
5. A video theater system in accordance with claims 3 or 4 wherein said first scrambled signal is scrambled by a process of line permutation; and said second scrambled signal is scrambled by said process and is further scrambled by at least one of synchronization-suppression-and-synchronization-level-shift and video inversion.
6. A reproduction apparatus for a video theater comprising:
a reproduction video cassette recorder for reproducing a signal recorded on a video tape in a format scrambled by a process of line permutation;
receiving means for receiving a signal transmitted from a communication satellite in a copy-protected format which includes at least two processes, one said process being line permutation;
a first decoder for removing a copy-protection process other than line permutation from a signal received by said receiving means, multiplexing means which extracts a scramble key signal from an output signal of said first decoder and multiplexes a picture signal of said output signal using a signal derived by adding a synchronization signal to said scramble key signal;
selection means for selecting a one of the signals issued from said reproducing video cassette recorder and said multiplexing means;
a second decoder for removing the line permutation scrambling from a signal selected by said selection means;
and display means for displaying a picture based on an output signal of said second decorder.
a reproduction video cassette recorder for reproducing a signal recorded on a video tape in a format scrambled by a process of line permutation;
receiving means for receiving a signal transmitted from a communication satellite in a copy-protected format which includes at least two processes, one said process being line permutation;
a first decoder for removing a copy-protection process other than line permutation from a signal received by said receiving means, multiplexing means which extracts a scramble key signal from an output signal of said first decoder and multiplexes a picture signal of said output signal using a signal derived by adding a synchronization signal to said scramble key signal;
selection means for selecting a one of the signals issued from said reproducing video cassette recorder and said multiplexing means;
a second decoder for removing the line permutation scrambling from a signal selected by said selection means;
and display means for displaying a picture based on an output signal of said second decorder.
7. A reproduction apparatus for a video theater comprising:
a reproduction video cassette recorder for reproducing a signal recorded on a video tape in a format scrambled by a process of line permutation;
receiving means for receiving a signal transmitted from a communication satellite in a copy-protected format which includes at least two processes, one of said processes being line permutation;
a first decoder for removing a copy-protection process other than line permutation from a signal received by said receiving means;
encoding means for extracting a scramble key signal from an output signal issued from said first decoder and applying a predetermined encoding to said scramble key signal;
a synchronizing signal adder for adding a synchronizing signal to an output signal of said encoding means;
a multiplexing device for multiplexing a picture signal of said output signal of the first decoder with an output signal of the synchronizing signal adder;
selection means for selecting a one of the signals issued from said reproduction video cassette recorder and said multiplexing device;
a second decoder for removing line permutation scrambling from the signal selected by said selection means; and display means for displaying a picture based on an output signal of said second decoder.
a reproduction video cassette recorder for reproducing a signal recorded on a video tape in a format scrambled by a process of line permutation;
receiving means for receiving a signal transmitted from a communication satellite in a copy-protected format which includes at least two processes, one of said processes being line permutation;
a first decoder for removing a copy-protection process other than line permutation from a signal received by said receiving means;
encoding means for extracting a scramble key signal from an output signal issued from said first decoder and applying a predetermined encoding to said scramble key signal;
a synchronizing signal adder for adding a synchronizing signal to an output signal of said encoding means;
a multiplexing device for multiplexing a picture signal of said output signal of the first decoder with an output signal of the synchronizing signal adder;
selection means for selecting a one of the signals issued from said reproduction video cassette recorder and said multiplexing device;
a second decoder for removing line permutation scrambling from the signal selected by said selection means; and display means for displaying a picture based on an output signal of said second decoder.
8. A reproducing apparatus for a video theater in accordance with claim 6, wherein said multiplexing means multiplexes said synchronization signal in a vertical blanking period of said picture signal.
9. A reproducing apparatus for a video theater in accordance with claim 7, wherein said multiplexing means multiplexes said synchronizing signal in a vertical blanking period of said picture signal.
10. A reproducing apparatus for a video theater in accordance with claims 6, 7, 8 or 9, wherein said second decoder is housed within a casing of said display means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4010615A JPH05207465A (en) | 1992-01-24 | 1992-01-24 | Video theater system and video theater reproducing device |
| JPHEI4-10615 | 1992-01-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2087874A1 CA2087874A1 (en) | 1993-07-25 |
| CA2087874C true CA2087874C (en) | 1996-01-30 |
Family
ID=11755145
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002087874A Expired - Fee Related CA2087874C (en) | 1992-01-24 | 1993-01-22 | Video theater system and reproducing apparatus therefor |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5381476A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0554724B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH05207465A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2087874C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69302919T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0632445B1 (en) | 1993-06-07 | 2002-01-23 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Digital information recording-reproducing apparatus |
| JPH07231424A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Recording/reproducing system and device therefor |
| US7991347B1 (en) * | 1994-04-07 | 2011-08-02 | Data Innovation Llc | System and method for accessing set of digital data at a remote site |
| US6473860B1 (en) | 1994-04-07 | 2002-10-29 | Hark C. Chan | Information distribution and processing system |
| US7181758B1 (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 2007-02-20 | Data Innovation, L.L.C. | Information distribution and processing system |
| IT1281321B1 (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 1998-02-18 | Telecom Italia Spa | HIGH-DEFINITION TELEVISION CINEMATOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION NETWORK |
| US6141333A (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 2000-10-31 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Tiered satellite internet delivery system |
| US8813137B2 (en) | 1998-05-08 | 2014-08-19 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Apparatus and method for decoding digital image and audio signals |
| JP2002515701A (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 2002-05-28 | クゥアルコム・インコーポレイテッド | Apparatus and method for distributing high quality image and high sound quality programs to remote locations |
| US6141530A (en) * | 1998-06-15 | 2000-10-31 | Digital Electronic Cinema, Inc. | System and method for digital electronic cinema delivery |
| US6570990B1 (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2003-05-27 | Lsi Logic Corporation | Method of protecting high definition video signal |
| JP4134452B2 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 2008-08-20 | ヤマハ株式会社 | Digital data reproducing and recording apparatus and method |
| JP2003528334A (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2003-09-24 | シネキャスト・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー | System and method for digitally providing and displaying advertising information in cinemas and theaters |
| DE19957466A1 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2001-05-31 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Cinema film distribution system uses digital transmission of film and keys gives secured perfect copy in all locations |
| EP1249126A1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2002-10-16 | QUALCOMM Incorporated | Apparatus and method for decoding digital image and audio signals |
| US6985589B2 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2006-01-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Apparatus and method for encoding and storage of digital image and audio signals |
| US7298846B2 (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2007-11-20 | Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. | Method of identifying multiple digital streams within a multiplexed signal |
| CN1242617C (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2006-02-15 | 雅马哈株式会社 | Video distribution playback method, device installed on video distribation teminal, device installed on video playback teminal, computer readable medium and film distribution method |
| US7124944B2 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2006-10-24 | Verification Technologies, Inc. | Product packaging including digital data |
| WO2002002301A1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-10 | Verification Technologies Inc. | Copy-protected optical media and method of manufacture thereof |
| US20050063256A1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2005-03-24 | Selinfreund Richard H. | Data storage in optical discs |
| US6638593B2 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2003-10-28 | Verification Technologies, Inc. | Copy-protected optical media and method of manufacture thereof |
| US7660415B2 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2010-02-09 | Selinfreund Richard H | Method and apparatus for controlling access to storage media |
| US20020038460A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-28 | Takayuki Kimoto | Electronic cinema system, distribution apparatus, and showing apparatus |
| US20050084645A1 (en) * | 2002-02-07 | 2005-04-21 | Selinfreund Richard H. | Method and system for optical disc copy-protection |
| CA2497645A1 (en) * | 2002-09-26 | 2004-04-08 | Verification Technologies, Inc. | Authentication of items using transient optical state change materials |
| CN1753712B (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2010-09-29 | 电影播放公司 | A system and method for remotely monitoring, diagnosing, intervening with and reporting problems with cinematic equipment |
| US7143010B2 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2006-11-28 | Cinecast, Llc | System and method for remotely monitoring, diagnosing, intervening with and reporting problems with cinematic equipment |
| US20060203700A1 (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2006-09-14 | Verification Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for optical disk copy-protection |
| DE102004046618A1 (en) * | 2004-09-25 | 2006-03-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Circuit arrangement for analog / digital conversion |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4405942A (en) * | 1981-02-25 | 1983-09-20 | Telease, Inc. | Method and system for secure transmission and reception of video information, particularly for television |
| CA1214268A (en) * | 1982-11-11 | 1986-11-18 | Akihisa Osawa | Video cassette designed for video theater use |
| US5194965A (en) * | 1983-11-23 | 1993-03-16 | Macrovision Corporation | Method and apparatus for disabling anti-copy protection system in video signals |
| US5130810A (en) * | 1983-11-23 | 1992-07-14 | Macrovision Corporation | Method and apparatus for processing a video signal so as to prohibit the making of acceptable videotape recordings |
| US4819098A (en) * | 1983-11-23 | 1989-04-04 | Macrovision Corporation | Method and apparatus for clustering modifications made to a video signal to inhibit the making of acceptable videotape recordings |
| US4945563A (en) * | 1986-11-05 | 1990-07-31 | Satellite Technology Services, Inc. | Video system and method for controlled viewing and videotaping |
| FR2609589A1 (en) * | 1987-01-09 | 1988-07-15 | Videostone Electronique | METHODS AND DEVICES FOR PROJECTING TELEVISION PROGRAMS ON A SCREEN OF A SHOWROOM |
| FR2641153B1 (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1991-03-01 | Europ Rech Electr Lab | |
| US5208856A (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1993-05-04 | Laboratoire Europeen De Recherches Electroniques Avancees | Scrambling and unscrambling method for composite video signals and implementing device |
| US5157510A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1992-10-20 | Macrovision Corporation | Method and apparatus for disabling anti-copy protection system in video signals using pulse narrowing |
| US5303294A (en) * | 1991-06-18 | 1994-04-12 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Video theater system and copy preventive method |
-
1992
- 1992-01-24 JP JP4010615A patent/JPH05207465A/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-01-21 DE DE69302919T patent/DE69302919T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-21 EP EP93100914A patent/EP0554724B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-22 CA CA002087874A patent/CA2087874C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-22 US US08/006,304 patent/US5381476A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0554724A1 (en) | 1993-08-11 |
| US5381476A (en) | 1995-01-10 |
| CA2087874A1 (en) | 1993-07-25 |
| EP0554724B1 (en) | 1996-06-05 |
| DE69302919T2 (en) | 1996-10-24 |
| JPH05207465A (en) | 1993-08-13 |
| DE69302919D1 (en) | 1996-07-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2087874C (en) | Video theater system and reproducing apparatus therefor | |
| US5303294A (en) | Video theater system and copy preventive method | |
| CA2101200C (en) | Apparatus and method for preventing unauthorized copying of video signals | |
| JP3349704B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for scrambling a video signal with sufficient network transmission and recording capabilities | |
| US5535275A (en) | Apparatus and method for producing scrambled digital video signals | |
| EP0766471A1 (en) | Transmitter, receiver, communication processing system integrating them, and digital television broadcasting system | |
| UA63006C2 (en) | Method and device for transmitting high-quality video and audio programs to distant objects | |
| JPH02186785A (en) | Reliance type television transmission through analog channel | |
| US6160889A (en) | Image encoding method, image decoding method and image signal recording medium | |
| EP0634876B1 (en) | Device for transmitting a digital picture signal | |
| US7092616B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for copy protecting video content and producing a reduced quality reproduction of video content for personal use | |
| US6452952B1 (en) | Digital information processing system with copy protection subsystem | |
| JPH0662402A (en) | Video theater system | |
| JPH1013828A (en) | Picture encoding method, picture signal recording medium and picture decoder | |
| CN1247020C (en) | Control of consumer recording equipment | |
| JPH0595553A (en) | Video theater system and its controller | |
| JPS59122094A (en) | Interception prevention system of video signal | |
| JPH053562A (en) | Copy guard system and system for guardying its copy | |
| JPH06133313A (en) | Television signal scrambler | |
| AU701116B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for preventing unauthorized copying of video signals | |
| WO2001054345A1 (en) | Security systems for motion picture, video, program, and datafile transmission, viewing, access control and usage control | |
| JP2002171471A (en) | Electronic cinema system, distribution device, and showing device | |
| JPH06225254A (en) | Video theater system and method for recording/ reproducing decoding timing signal | |
| JPH10200866A (en) | Broadcast signal transmission and reception facility | |
| JP2001177815A (en) | Electronic cinema system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20010122 |