CA2076663C - Recessed patellar prosthesis - Google Patents
Recessed patellar prosthesisInfo
- Publication number
- CA2076663C CA2076663C CA002076663A CA2076663A CA2076663C CA 2076663 C CA2076663 C CA 2076663C CA 002076663 A CA002076663 A CA 002076663A CA 2076663 A CA2076663 A CA 2076663A CA 2076663 C CA2076663 C CA 2076663C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- dome
- patellar prosthesis
- extending
- central
- post
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
- A61F2/3877—Patellae or trochleae
Abstract
A patellar prosthesis (20) for use in combination with a prepared patella (19) is provided having a dome (21), a body por-tion (23) and a post (24) with longitudinal grooves (25).
Description
~07666~
RECESSED PATELLAR PROSTHESIS
Backqround of the Inventlon In total knee arthroplasty it ls customary to resurface the artlculating ends of the femur and the tlbia wlth prostheses whlch are fastened to the cut and prepared ends of the femur and tlbla. One such prosthesis ls that descrlbed ln a catalog publlshed by Johnson & Johnson Orthopaedlcs Inc. entltled "P.F.C. Total Knee System" ("P.F.C.
ls a reglstered trademark of Johnson & Johnson Orthopaedics Inc.) uslng a surglcal technlque descrlbed ln a booklet publlshed by Johnson & Johnson Products Inc. entltled "Surglcal Technlque - The Press Flt Condylar Total Knee System wlth Speclalist Instruments." Another such prosthesis is described ln U.S. Patent No. 4,822,366.
One component of the P.F.C. Total Knee System and vlrtually every other total knee replacement system utlllzed ls a patellar component.
Heretofore great difficulty has been encountered ln providlng a patellar component whlch wlll endure, for extended perlods of time, the rlgors to whlch such components are placed. Thus, a patellar component ls sub~ected to contlnual rubblng agalnst the femoral component of the prosthesls wlth each flexlng movement of the leg. As a result, the patellar component may wear to an extent as to lmpede function of the knee even though the other components may y 22236-583 207~63 not be worn out. In addition, it may also cause undue wear on the other components of a total knee system.
In a total knee system, the patellar component is typically a dome-shaped member which is implanted on a flat surface or a recess cut into the patient's patella. The patellar implant may either be all plastic, typically high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE) or plastic with a metal backing formed of titamium, chrome-cobalt alloy, stainless steel or the like.
In addition to the patellar implant shown in the Johnson ~c Johnson Orthopaedics brochure entitled "P.F.C. Total Knee System", other types of patellar implants are disclosed in catalogs published by Dow Corning Wright entitled "Whiteside Ortholoc Modular Knee System" and published by De Puy, Warsaw, Indiana, a Division of Boehringer Mannheim Corporation, entitled "The AMK Total Knee System".
As will be appreciated, it is desirable to utilize a patellar implant which combines the advantages of requiring a minimal amount of cutting of the patella, secure placement of the patellar implant and the ability to easily remove such implant in the event revision is required.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a patellar prosthesis for use in combination with the prepared patella bed in which minimal amount of the patient's natural patella is required to be removed.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a patellar prosthesis designed for implantation in a patella which can be replaced with minimal damage to the patella in the event revision is required.
Summary of the Invention The present invention relates to a new and improved patellar implant formed completely from plastic having a domed portion intended to fac- outwardly from the patella for engagement with the , ~ .
_ 3 20 76 663 22236-583 condylar or trochlear groove of a femoral prosthesls component, a body portlon and a central post extendlng from sald body portion away from the domed portlon and lntended to be flxedly secured wlthln a recess cut lnto the patella, said post havlng a plurality of longitudinal grooves to ensure proper fixation.
According to a broad aspect of the invention there is provlded for use in combinatlon with a prepared patella from which the top of its dome has been removed to form a cavity thereln, sald cavlty belng enclrcled by the remainlng portlon of the surface of sald dome, a one plece patellar prosthesls comprislng:
(a) a dome havlng an outwardly faclng surface, convexly curved throughout, positioned for sliding engagement with a femoral prosthesis, said dome terminatlng at lts radlal outer extent ln a clrcular edge deflnlng a plane, sald dome havlng a central axls perpendlcular to said plane;
(b) a body having a surface facing away from said outwardly facing surface, said body extending to said circular edge and said body surface having a first central area in proxlmity to said central axis spaced from sald plane by a predetermined amount and other areas extending radially outwardly from said central axis taperlng without lnterruptlon toward said plane; and (c) post means extendlng from said body surface along sald central axls.
Accordlng to another broad aspect of the lnventlon there ls provlded a patellar prosthesls comprlsing:
(a) a central post extending along a longitudlnal axls and havlng a plurallty of longltudlnal grooves and (b) a body portlon extendlng from sald central post, sald 2a76663 - 3a 22236-583 body portlon havlng (1~ a flrst side extendlng outwardly from sald longltudlnal axls and taperlng, wlthout lnterruptlon away from sald central post to an outer perlpheral edge; and (li) a second slde havlng a domed surface, convexly curved throughout, wlth an apex lylng on sald longltudlnal axls, said apex belng spaced axlally from sald central post further than any other portion of sald domed surface.
Accordlng to another broad aspect of the lnventlon there ls provided for use ln comblnatlon wlth a prepared patella from which the top of lts dome has been removed to form a cavlty thereln, sald cavlty belng encircled by the remaining portion of the surface of said dome, a one plece patellar prosthesls comprlslng (a) a dome havlng an outwardly facing surface, convexly curved throughout, positloned for slldlng engagement wlth a femoral prosthesls, sald dome termlnatlng at lts radial outer extent ln a clrcular edge deflnlng a plane, sald dome havlng a central axls perpendlcular to sald plane;
(b) a body havlng a roughened surface faclng away from sald outwardly facing surface, sald body extendlng to sald clrcular edge and sald body surface havlng a flrst central area ln proxlmlty to sald central axls spaced from sald plane by a predetermlned amount and other areas extendlng radlally outwardly from said central axis and, except for sald roughened surface, tapering wlthout lnterruptlon toward sald plane; and (c) a central post extendlng from said body surface along said central axls.
~076663 3b 22236-583 Accordlng to another broad aspect of the lnvention there ls provlded a patellar prosthesls comprising (a) a central post extendlng along a longltudinal axis and (b) a body portion extendlng from said central post, said body portion having (i) a first slde extending outwardly from said longitudlnal axls and taperlng away from sald central post to an outer perlpheral edge, sald flrst slde havlng grooves extendlng ln a dlrectlon radlal to sald longltudlnal axls; and (ii) a second side having a domed surface, convexly curved throughout, with an apex lying on said longltudlnal axls, said apex belng spaced axlally from sald central post further than any other portion of sald domed surface.
Brief DescrlPtion of the Drawlnqs Flgure 1 ls a schematic view partly in section of a total knee system implanted in the leg of a patlent and showing speciflcally the posltlon of the patella with the patellar implant of the present invention articulating with the femoral component of the implant.
Flgure 2 is a view of one embodlment of the present inventlon showlng the patellar lmplant of the present lnventlon implanted in a patella.
Figure 3 is a sectlonal vlew taken through llne 3-3 of Flgure 2.
Figure 4 is a view simllar to the view of Figure 2 showing a modlfied patellar implant.
Figure 5 is a vlew showing schematically a patella in sectlon followlng osteotomy to prepare it for receiving the 207b~63 3c 22236-583 implant of the present lnventlon and showlng, removed therefrom, the patellar lmplant of the present lnventlon.
Flgure 6 is a top plan vlew of the patellar lmplant of the present lnventlon.
Flgure 7 ls a bottom vlew of the patellar lmplant of the present lnventlon showlng the post lncludlng the longltudlnal grooves.
Flgure 8 ls a vlew slmilar to Flgure 2 showlng a further modlfled patellar lmplant.
Flgure 9 ls a vlew slmllar to Flgure 7 showlng the further modlfled patellar lmplant of Flgure 8.
Detalled Descrlptlon of the Inventlon Referrlng now to the drawlngs, there ls shown ln Figure 1, a leg lncludlng the femur 11 and tlbla 12 to whlch a total knee prosthesls 5 has been implanted including a femoral implant 13, a tibial base implant 14 and a tibial insert lS. Typically, the femoral implant 13 and tibial base implant 14 are formed of metal such as titanium alloy or chrome-cobalt while the tibial insert 15 is formed of plastic such as high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE).
There is also shown a patella 19 having implanted therein a patellar implant generally designated by the number 20 of the present invention.
ln the embodiment disclosed in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5-7, the patellar implant 20 is formed as a~unitary body and includes a dome-15 shaped portion 21, facing outwardly for engagement with the femoralimplant 13.
As can be seen in Fig. 5, the patella 19, prior to osteotomy to prepare it to receive the patellar implant 20, included a natural dome 26 which must be removed. Some resection procedures require that 20 the entire dome 26 be removed completely to the peripheral edge 27.
Others require that only the central portion of the dome 26 be removed. A major advantage of the patellar implant 20 of the present invention is that it may be implanted with a minimal amount of bone removed from the patella 19. Thus, the patella 19 is 25 prepared to receive the patellar implant 20 so as to leave intact the outer portions 26' of the dome 26 of the patella 19.
The dome 21 of the patellar implant 20 has a peripheral edge 22 which, upon implantation is to meet smoothly with the outer portion 26' of the patella 19. Tapering inwardly from the peripheral edge 22 30 in a direction away from the dome 2 1 is a conical-shaped body portion 23 from which a central post 24 extends. The post 24 has a plurality of longitudinal grooves 25. As can be seen in Fig. 3, the patellar implant 20 is retained in the prepared patella 19 by polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement 29 or other suitable bone 35 cement. Preferably, the surface of the conical tapered body portion 23 is formed with a roughened, grooved or waffle type surface 31 to enhance retention with the PMMA cement 29.
WO 91/15168 PCI/US9l/01468 207666~
In the osteotomy to prepare it, the patella 20 has cut therein a cavity including a first conical-shaped section 28 slightly sized and shaped to receive the conical-shaped body portion 23 of the patellar implant 20 so that the peripheral edge 22 of the dome 2l will meet smoothly with the remaining upper surface of the outer portion 26' of the patella dome.
The cavity also includes a lower cylindrical section 32 having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the post 24 and a depth slightly greater than the length of the post 24.
Immediately prior to implantation of the patellar implant 20, a suitable quantity of PMMA cement is placed in the cavity sections 28 and 32 and the patellar implant 20 is then forced into such cavity sections with the PMMA cement being, in effect, compression molded around the post 24, into the grooves 25 and along the face 23 of the conical body including the waffle surface 3 I to firmly retain the patellar implant 20 therein. As will be appreciated, the presence of the grooves 25 in the stem 24 retained firmly by the PMMA cement serves to rotationally fix the pateUar implant 20 in place.
In the event it is required to replace the patellar implant 20, it will be possible to drill a passageway into the solid post 24 in order to provide means to engage a retriever instrument to such patellar implant 20. In this way the patellar implant 20 may be removed with minimal damage to the patella l9.
As will be appreciated, the presence of the conical tapered surface on the body portion 23 will permit easier removal and yet will provide suitable retention within the conical-shaped cavity 28 to provide good fixation when combined with the fixation of the post 24 in the cylindrical section 32. As previously mentioned, significant advantage of the patellar implant 20 shown in Fig. 2 over the prior art resides in the fact that, by virture of the tapered surface, a smaller amount of bone material is removed from the patella l9 without compromising the sound fixation of the patellar implant 20.
Referring now to Fig. 4, there is provided a modified patellar implant 40 secured to a patella 38 which has been prepared specifically to receive it. The modified patellar implant 40 has a dome 41 facing outwardly for engagement with the femoral implant 13 similar to the dome 21 of the previous embodiment. As in the 1 0 previous embodiment, the patella 38 is prepared to receive the implant in such manner as to leave the outer portions of the dome 39 intact. The patellar implant 40 includes a short cylindrical body section 42 extending from the domë-shaped portion 41 and a central post 44 depending from the cylindrical section 42. The post 44 has a 1 5 plurality of longitudinal groovès 45, preferably three or four in number. The cylindrical body section 42, opposite the dome-shaped portion 41, has a generally planar face 46 from which the post 44 extends. Preferably the planar face 46 is roughened or formed with a series of ridges or grooves in a waffle or other configuration to 2 0 enhance bonding.
In the osteotomy to prepare it, the patella 39 has drilled therein a cavity including a first cylindrical-shaped section 48 slightly larger in diameter than the diameter of the cylindrical section 42 of the patellar implant 40 and having a depth substantially equal to the height of such cylindrical section 42 so that when the planar bottom face 46 of such cylindrical section 42 rests against the planar face 49 of the first cylindrical-shaped section 42, the peripheral edge of the dome 41 will meet smoothly with the remaining upper surface 39 of the patella dome. The drilled cavity also includes a lower cylindrical section 51 having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the post 44 and a depth slightly greater than the length of the post 44.
Immediately prior to implantation of the patellar implant 40, a suitable quantity of PMMA cement is placed in the cavity sections 48 and 51 and the patellar implant 40 is then forced into such cavities with the PMMA cement being, in effect, compression molded around the post 44 and into the grooves 45, along the planar bottom face 46 and around the edge of the cylindrical section 42 to firmly retain the patellar implant 40 therein As will be appreciated, the presence of the grooves 45 retained by the PMMA cement assists in rotationally fixing the patellar implant 40 in place.
Referring now to Figs. 8 and 9, there is provided a further modified patellar implant 60 designed to be secured to a patella 70 having a dome 71 which has been specifically prepared to receive it.
This embodiment of the patellar implant 60 has a dome 61 facing outwardly for engagement with the femoral implant 13 similar to the dome 21 of the embodiment shown and described in Fig. 2. The dome 61 extends radially outwardly to a peripheral edge 62 which following implantation, meets the dome 71 of the natural patella 70 in a smooth line of juncture. The patellar implant 60 includes a short cylindrical body section 63 extending from the edge 62 in a direction away from the dome 61 and a conical-shaped body portion 64 tapering away from the dome 61. A central post 65 depends from the conical tapered body portion 64.
Preferably, the surface of the conical tapered body portion 64 has formed therein a plurality of grooves 66 intended to assist in locking the patellar implant 60 firmly in place. Additionally, the post 65 may be provided with a series of longitudinal grooves 67 as in the 2 5 previous embodiment.
In preparing the patella 70 to receive the patellar implant 60, initially the top of the dome 71 is cut to provide a flat surface. It is not necessary that a large portion of such dome 71 be removed but only enough to provide a nat surface to permit the drill and reamer to be accurately guided. After cutting, the patella 70 is drilled and reamed to provide a cavity shaped to receive the patellar implant 60 so that, with cement placed therein, upon implantation the patellar implant peripheral edge 62 will meet smoothly with the natural patella dome 71.
RECESSED PATELLAR PROSTHESIS
Backqround of the Inventlon In total knee arthroplasty it ls customary to resurface the artlculating ends of the femur and the tlbia wlth prostheses whlch are fastened to the cut and prepared ends of the femur and tlbla. One such prosthesis ls that descrlbed ln a catalog publlshed by Johnson & Johnson Orthopaedlcs Inc. entltled "P.F.C. Total Knee System" ("P.F.C.
ls a reglstered trademark of Johnson & Johnson Orthopaedics Inc.) uslng a surglcal technlque descrlbed ln a booklet publlshed by Johnson & Johnson Products Inc. entltled "Surglcal Technlque - The Press Flt Condylar Total Knee System wlth Speclalist Instruments." Another such prosthesis is described ln U.S. Patent No. 4,822,366.
One component of the P.F.C. Total Knee System and vlrtually every other total knee replacement system utlllzed ls a patellar component.
Heretofore great difficulty has been encountered ln providlng a patellar component whlch wlll endure, for extended perlods of time, the rlgors to whlch such components are placed. Thus, a patellar component ls sub~ected to contlnual rubblng agalnst the femoral component of the prosthesls wlth each flexlng movement of the leg. As a result, the patellar component may wear to an extent as to lmpede function of the knee even though the other components may y 22236-583 207~63 not be worn out. In addition, it may also cause undue wear on the other components of a total knee system.
In a total knee system, the patellar component is typically a dome-shaped member which is implanted on a flat surface or a recess cut into the patient's patella. The patellar implant may either be all plastic, typically high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE) or plastic with a metal backing formed of titamium, chrome-cobalt alloy, stainless steel or the like.
In addition to the patellar implant shown in the Johnson ~c Johnson Orthopaedics brochure entitled "P.F.C. Total Knee System", other types of patellar implants are disclosed in catalogs published by Dow Corning Wright entitled "Whiteside Ortholoc Modular Knee System" and published by De Puy, Warsaw, Indiana, a Division of Boehringer Mannheim Corporation, entitled "The AMK Total Knee System".
As will be appreciated, it is desirable to utilize a patellar implant which combines the advantages of requiring a minimal amount of cutting of the patella, secure placement of the patellar implant and the ability to easily remove such implant in the event revision is required.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a patellar prosthesis for use in combination with the prepared patella bed in which minimal amount of the patient's natural patella is required to be removed.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a patellar prosthesis designed for implantation in a patella which can be replaced with minimal damage to the patella in the event revision is required.
Summary of the Invention The present invention relates to a new and improved patellar implant formed completely from plastic having a domed portion intended to fac- outwardly from the patella for engagement with the , ~ .
_ 3 20 76 663 22236-583 condylar or trochlear groove of a femoral prosthesls component, a body portlon and a central post extendlng from sald body portion away from the domed portlon and lntended to be flxedly secured wlthln a recess cut lnto the patella, said post havlng a plurality of longitudinal grooves to ensure proper fixation.
According to a broad aspect of the invention there is provlded for use in combinatlon with a prepared patella from which the top of its dome has been removed to form a cavity thereln, sald cavlty belng enclrcled by the remainlng portlon of the surface of sald dome, a one plece patellar prosthesls comprislng:
(a) a dome havlng an outwardly faclng surface, convexly curved throughout, positioned for sliding engagement with a femoral prosthesis, said dome terminatlng at lts radlal outer extent ln a clrcular edge deflnlng a plane, sald dome havlng a central axls perpendlcular to said plane;
(b) a body having a surface facing away from said outwardly facing surface, said body extending to said circular edge and said body surface having a first central area in proxlmity to said central axis spaced from sald plane by a predetermined amount and other areas extending radially outwardly from said central axis taperlng without lnterruptlon toward said plane; and (c) post means extendlng from said body surface along sald central axls.
Accordlng to another broad aspect of the lnventlon there ls provlded a patellar prosthesls comprlsing:
(a) a central post extending along a longitudlnal axls and havlng a plurallty of longltudlnal grooves and (b) a body portlon extendlng from sald central post, sald 2a76663 - 3a 22236-583 body portlon havlng (1~ a flrst side extendlng outwardly from sald longltudlnal axls and taperlng, wlthout lnterruptlon away from sald central post to an outer perlpheral edge; and (li) a second slde havlng a domed surface, convexly curved throughout, wlth an apex lylng on sald longltudlnal axls, said apex belng spaced axlally from sald central post further than any other portion of sald domed surface.
Accordlng to another broad aspect of the lnventlon there ls provided for use ln comblnatlon wlth a prepared patella from which the top of lts dome has been removed to form a cavlty thereln, sald cavlty belng encircled by the remaining portion of the surface of said dome, a one plece patellar prosthesls comprlslng (a) a dome havlng an outwardly facing surface, convexly curved throughout, positloned for slldlng engagement wlth a femoral prosthesls, sald dome termlnatlng at lts radial outer extent ln a clrcular edge deflnlng a plane, sald dome havlng a central axls perpendlcular to sald plane;
(b) a body havlng a roughened surface faclng away from sald outwardly facing surface, sald body extendlng to sald clrcular edge and sald body surface havlng a flrst central area ln proxlmlty to sald central axls spaced from sald plane by a predetermlned amount and other areas extendlng radlally outwardly from said central axis and, except for sald roughened surface, tapering wlthout lnterruptlon toward sald plane; and (c) a central post extendlng from said body surface along said central axls.
~076663 3b 22236-583 Accordlng to another broad aspect of the lnvention there ls provlded a patellar prosthesls comprising (a) a central post extendlng along a longltudinal axis and (b) a body portion extendlng from said central post, said body portion having (i) a first slde extending outwardly from said longitudlnal axls and taperlng away from sald central post to an outer perlpheral edge, sald flrst slde havlng grooves extendlng ln a dlrectlon radlal to sald longltudlnal axls; and (ii) a second side having a domed surface, convexly curved throughout, with an apex lying on said longltudlnal axls, said apex belng spaced axlally from sald central post further than any other portion of sald domed surface.
Brief DescrlPtion of the Drawlnqs Flgure 1 ls a schematic view partly in section of a total knee system implanted in the leg of a patlent and showing speciflcally the posltlon of the patella with the patellar implant of the present invention articulating with the femoral component of the implant.
Flgure 2 is a view of one embodlment of the present inventlon showlng the patellar lmplant of the present lnventlon implanted in a patella.
Figure 3 is a sectlonal vlew taken through llne 3-3 of Flgure 2.
Figure 4 is a view simllar to the view of Figure 2 showing a modlfied patellar implant.
Figure 5 is a vlew showing schematically a patella in sectlon followlng osteotomy to prepare it for receiving the 207b~63 3c 22236-583 implant of the present lnventlon and showlng, removed therefrom, the patellar lmplant of the present lnventlon.
Flgure 6 is a top plan vlew of the patellar lmplant of the present lnventlon.
Flgure 7 ls a bottom vlew of the patellar lmplant of the present lnventlon showlng the post lncludlng the longltudlnal grooves.
Flgure 8 ls a vlew slmilar to Flgure 2 showlng a further modlfled patellar lmplant.
Flgure 9 ls a vlew slmllar to Flgure 7 showlng the further modlfled patellar lmplant of Flgure 8.
Detalled Descrlptlon of the Inventlon Referrlng now to the drawlngs, there ls shown ln Figure 1, a leg lncludlng the femur 11 and tlbla 12 to whlch a total knee prosthesls 5 has been implanted including a femoral implant 13, a tibial base implant 14 and a tibial insert lS. Typically, the femoral implant 13 and tibial base implant 14 are formed of metal such as titanium alloy or chrome-cobalt while the tibial insert 15 is formed of plastic such as high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE).
There is also shown a patella 19 having implanted therein a patellar implant generally designated by the number 20 of the present invention.
ln the embodiment disclosed in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5-7, the patellar implant 20 is formed as a~unitary body and includes a dome-15 shaped portion 21, facing outwardly for engagement with the femoralimplant 13.
As can be seen in Fig. 5, the patella 19, prior to osteotomy to prepare it to receive the patellar implant 20, included a natural dome 26 which must be removed. Some resection procedures require that 20 the entire dome 26 be removed completely to the peripheral edge 27.
Others require that only the central portion of the dome 26 be removed. A major advantage of the patellar implant 20 of the present invention is that it may be implanted with a minimal amount of bone removed from the patella 19. Thus, the patella 19 is 25 prepared to receive the patellar implant 20 so as to leave intact the outer portions 26' of the dome 26 of the patella 19.
The dome 21 of the patellar implant 20 has a peripheral edge 22 which, upon implantation is to meet smoothly with the outer portion 26' of the patella 19. Tapering inwardly from the peripheral edge 22 30 in a direction away from the dome 2 1 is a conical-shaped body portion 23 from which a central post 24 extends. The post 24 has a plurality of longitudinal grooves 25. As can be seen in Fig. 3, the patellar implant 20 is retained in the prepared patella 19 by polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement 29 or other suitable bone 35 cement. Preferably, the surface of the conical tapered body portion 23 is formed with a roughened, grooved or waffle type surface 31 to enhance retention with the PMMA cement 29.
WO 91/15168 PCI/US9l/01468 207666~
In the osteotomy to prepare it, the patella 20 has cut therein a cavity including a first conical-shaped section 28 slightly sized and shaped to receive the conical-shaped body portion 23 of the patellar implant 20 so that the peripheral edge 22 of the dome 2l will meet smoothly with the remaining upper surface of the outer portion 26' of the patella dome.
The cavity also includes a lower cylindrical section 32 having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the post 24 and a depth slightly greater than the length of the post 24.
Immediately prior to implantation of the patellar implant 20, a suitable quantity of PMMA cement is placed in the cavity sections 28 and 32 and the patellar implant 20 is then forced into such cavity sections with the PMMA cement being, in effect, compression molded around the post 24, into the grooves 25 and along the face 23 of the conical body including the waffle surface 3 I to firmly retain the patellar implant 20 therein. As will be appreciated, the presence of the grooves 25 in the stem 24 retained firmly by the PMMA cement serves to rotationally fix the pateUar implant 20 in place.
In the event it is required to replace the patellar implant 20, it will be possible to drill a passageway into the solid post 24 in order to provide means to engage a retriever instrument to such patellar implant 20. In this way the patellar implant 20 may be removed with minimal damage to the patella l9.
As will be appreciated, the presence of the conical tapered surface on the body portion 23 will permit easier removal and yet will provide suitable retention within the conical-shaped cavity 28 to provide good fixation when combined with the fixation of the post 24 in the cylindrical section 32. As previously mentioned, significant advantage of the patellar implant 20 shown in Fig. 2 over the prior art resides in the fact that, by virture of the tapered surface, a smaller amount of bone material is removed from the patella l9 without compromising the sound fixation of the patellar implant 20.
Referring now to Fig. 4, there is provided a modified patellar implant 40 secured to a patella 38 which has been prepared specifically to receive it. The modified patellar implant 40 has a dome 41 facing outwardly for engagement with the femoral implant 13 similar to the dome 21 of the previous embodiment. As in the 1 0 previous embodiment, the patella 38 is prepared to receive the implant in such manner as to leave the outer portions of the dome 39 intact. The patellar implant 40 includes a short cylindrical body section 42 extending from the domë-shaped portion 41 and a central post 44 depending from the cylindrical section 42. The post 44 has a 1 5 plurality of longitudinal groovès 45, preferably three or four in number. The cylindrical body section 42, opposite the dome-shaped portion 41, has a generally planar face 46 from which the post 44 extends. Preferably the planar face 46 is roughened or formed with a series of ridges or grooves in a waffle or other configuration to 2 0 enhance bonding.
In the osteotomy to prepare it, the patella 39 has drilled therein a cavity including a first cylindrical-shaped section 48 slightly larger in diameter than the diameter of the cylindrical section 42 of the patellar implant 40 and having a depth substantially equal to the height of such cylindrical section 42 so that when the planar bottom face 46 of such cylindrical section 42 rests against the planar face 49 of the first cylindrical-shaped section 42, the peripheral edge of the dome 41 will meet smoothly with the remaining upper surface 39 of the patella dome. The drilled cavity also includes a lower cylindrical section 51 having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the post 44 and a depth slightly greater than the length of the post 44.
Immediately prior to implantation of the patellar implant 40, a suitable quantity of PMMA cement is placed in the cavity sections 48 and 51 and the patellar implant 40 is then forced into such cavities with the PMMA cement being, in effect, compression molded around the post 44 and into the grooves 45, along the planar bottom face 46 and around the edge of the cylindrical section 42 to firmly retain the patellar implant 40 therein As will be appreciated, the presence of the grooves 45 retained by the PMMA cement assists in rotationally fixing the patellar implant 40 in place.
Referring now to Figs. 8 and 9, there is provided a further modified patellar implant 60 designed to be secured to a patella 70 having a dome 71 which has been specifically prepared to receive it.
This embodiment of the patellar implant 60 has a dome 61 facing outwardly for engagement with the femoral implant 13 similar to the dome 21 of the embodiment shown and described in Fig. 2. The dome 61 extends radially outwardly to a peripheral edge 62 which following implantation, meets the dome 71 of the natural patella 70 in a smooth line of juncture. The patellar implant 60 includes a short cylindrical body section 63 extending from the edge 62 in a direction away from the dome 61 and a conical-shaped body portion 64 tapering away from the dome 61. A central post 65 depends from the conical tapered body portion 64.
Preferably, the surface of the conical tapered body portion 64 has formed therein a plurality of grooves 66 intended to assist in locking the patellar implant 60 firmly in place. Additionally, the post 65 may be provided with a series of longitudinal grooves 67 as in the 2 5 previous embodiment.
In preparing the patella 70 to receive the patellar implant 60, initially the top of the dome 71 is cut to provide a flat surface. It is not necessary that a large portion of such dome 71 be removed but only enough to provide a nat surface to permit the drill and reamer to be accurately guided. After cutting, the patella 70 is drilled and reamed to provide a cavity shaped to receive the patellar implant 60 so that, with cement placed therein, upon implantation the patellar implant peripheral edge 62 will meet smoothly with the natural patella dome 71.
3 5 While the body portion 64 has been described as having a conical-shaped section, it should be understood that other configurations may be utilized provided the surface of such body 5 portion tapers away from the dome 61 thereby insuring that a minimal amount of the human patella 70 is removed in preparing the patellar implant 60 for implantation.
The patellar implant of the present invention is one which provides superior performance and yet permits ready revision with a 10 minimum of problems.
Many other modifications will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the scope of this invention should be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
The patellar implant of the present invention is one which provides superior performance and yet permits ready revision with a 10 minimum of problems.
Many other modifications will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the scope of this invention should be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (19)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. For use in combination with a prepared patella from which the top of its dome has been removed to form a cavity therein, said cavity being encircled by the remaining portion of the surface of said dome, a one piece patellar prosthesis comprising:
(a) a dome having an outwardly facing surface, convexly curved throughout, positioned for sliding engagement with a femoral prosthesis, said dome terminating at its radial outer extent in a circular edge defining a plane, said dome having a central axis perpendicular to said plane;
(b) a body having a surface facing away from said outwardly facing surface, said body extending to said circular edge and said body surface having a first central area in proximity to said central axis spaced from said plane by a predetermined amount and other areas extending radially outwardly from said central axis tapering without interruption toward said plane; and (c) post means extending from said body surface along said central axis.
(a) a dome having an outwardly facing surface, convexly curved throughout, positioned for sliding engagement with a femoral prosthesis, said dome terminating at its radial outer extent in a circular edge defining a plane, said dome having a central axis perpendicular to said plane;
(b) a body having a surface facing away from said outwardly facing surface, said body extending to said circular edge and said body surface having a first central area in proximity to said central axis spaced from said plane by a predetermined amount and other areas extending radially outwardly from said central axis tapering without interruption toward said plane; and (c) post means extending from said body surface along said central axis.
2. A patellar prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein said body surface has a conical configuration.
3. A patellar prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein said body includes a cylindrical portion extending from said circular edge and joining said body surface.
4. A patellar prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein said post means comprises a central post terminating in a free end, said post having a plurality of longitudinal grooves extending to said free end.
5. A patellar prosthesis according to claim 4, wherein the center of said central post is solid.
6. A patellar prosthesis comprising:
(a) a central post extending along a longitudinal axis and having a plurality of longitudinal grooves and (b) a body portion extending from said central post, said body portion having (i) a first side extending outwardly from said longitudinal axis and tapering, without interruption away from said central post to an outer peripheral edges and (ii) a second side having a domed surface, convexly curved throughout, with an apex lying on said longitudinal axis, said apex being spaced axially from said central post further than any other portion of said domed surface.
(a) a central post extending along a longitudinal axis and having a plurality of longitudinal grooves and (b) a body portion extending from said central post, said body portion having (i) a first side extending outwardly from said longitudinal axis and tapering, without interruption away from said central post to an outer peripheral edges and (ii) a second side having a domed surface, convexly curved throughout, with an apex lying on said longitudinal axis, said apex being spaced axially from said central post further than any other portion of said domed surface.
7. A patellar prosthesis according to claim 6, wherein said outer peripheral edge defines a portion substantially parallel to said axis extending from said first side to said second side.
8. A patellar prosthesis according to claim 6, wherein said outer peripheral edge defines a circle.
9. A patellar prosthesis according to claim 6, wherein said outer peripheral edge defines a cylindrical portion extending from said first side to said second side surface.
10. A patellar prosthesis according to claim 6, wherein said first side has a conical configuration.
11. For use in combination with a prepared patella from which the top of its dome has been removed to form a cavity therein, said cavity being encircled by the remaining portion of the surface of said dome, a one piece patellar prosthesis comprising:
(a) a dome having an outwardly facing surface, convexly curved throughout, positioned for sliding engagement with a femoral prosthesis, said dome terminating at its radial outer extent in a circular edge defining a plane, said dome having a central axis perpendicular to said plane;
(b) a body having a roughened surface facing away from said outwardly facing surface, said body extending to said circular edge and said body surface having a first central area in proximity to said central axis spaced from said plane by a predetermined amount and other areas extending radially outwardly from said central axis and, except for said roughened surface, tapering without interruption toward said plane; and (c) a central post extending from said body surface along said central axis.
(a) a dome having an outwardly facing surface, convexly curved throughout, positioned for sliding engagement with a femoral prosthesis, said dome terminating at its radial outer extent in a circular edge defining a plane, said dome having a central axis perpendicular to said plane;
(b) a body having a roughened surface facing away from said outwardly facing surface, said body extending to said circular edge and said body surface having a first central area in proximity to said central axis spaced from said plane by a predetermined amount and other areas extending radially outwardly from said central axis and, except for said roughened surface, tapering without interruption toward said plane; and (c) a central post extending from said body surface along said central axis.
12. The patellar prosthesis of claim 11, wherein said roughened surface comprises raised areas defining a waffle configuration.
13. The patellar prosthesis of claim 11, wherein said roughened surface comprises grooves defining a waffle configuration.
14. The patellar prosthesis of claim 11, wherein aid central post has a plurality of grooves parallel to said central axis.
15. A patellar prosthesis comprising (a) a central post extending along a longitudinal axis and (b) a body portion extending from said central post, said body portion having (i) a first side extending outwardly from said longitudinal axis and tapering away from said central post to an outer peripheral edge, said first side having grooves extending in a direction radial to said longitudinal axis; and (ii) a second side having a domed surface, convexly curved throughout, with an apex lying on said longitudinal axis, said apex being spaced axially from said central post further than any other portion of said domed surface.
16. The patellar prosthesis of claim 15, wherein except for said grooves, said first side tapers without interruption.
17. The patellar prosthesis of claim 15, wherein said central post has a plurality of longitudinal grooves.
18. The patellar prosthesis of claim 17, wherein said central post longitudinal grooves intersect said grooves on said first side.
19. The patellar prosthesis of claim 17, wherein said central post longitudinal grooves intersect alternate ones of said grooves on said first side.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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US508,088 | 1990-04-11 | ||
US599,432 | 1990-10-18 | ||
US07/599,432 US5197986A (en) | 1990-04-11 | 1990-10-18 | Recessed patellar prosthesis |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA2076663A1 CA2076663A1 (en) | 1991-10-12 |
CA2076663C true CA2076663C (en) | 1995-11-14 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CA002076663A Expired - Lifetime CA2076663C (en) | 1990-04-11 | 1991-03-04 | Recessed patellar prosthesis |
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US (2) | US5197986A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0524948B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0824690B2 (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2076663C (en) |
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-
1990
- 1990-10-18 US US07/599,432 patent/US5197986A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-03-04 JP JP3506143A patent/JPH0824690B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-04 AU AU74902/91A patent/AU643164B2/en not_active Expired
- 1991-03-04 WO PCT/US1991/001468 patent/WO1991015168A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-03-04 CA CA002076663A patent/CA2076663C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-04 DE DE69129454T patent/DE69129454T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-04 EP EP91905698A patent/EP0524948B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1993
- 1993-02-26 US US08/022,997 patent/US5383937A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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EP0524948A1 (en) | 1993-02-03 |
AU643164B2 (en) | 1993-11-04 |
JPH06500024A (en) | 1994-01-06 |
JPH0824690B2 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
US5197986A (en) | 1993-03-30 |
EP0524948A4 (en) | 1993-07-28 |
WO1991015168A1 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
CA2076663A1 (en) | 1991-10-12 |
DE69129454T2 (en) | 1999-01-28 |
AU7490291A (en) | 1991-10-30 |
US5383937A (en) | 1995-01-24 |
EP0524948B1 (en) | 1998-05-20 |
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