CA2073705A1 - Method and apparatus for annealing stapler anvils - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for annealing stapler anvils

Info

Publication number
CA2073705A1
CA2073705A1 CA002073705A CA2073705A CA2073705A1 CA 2073705 A1 CA2073705 A1 CA 2073705A1 CA 002073705 A CA002073705 A CA 002073705A CA 2073705 A CA2073705 A CA 2073705A CA 2073705 A1 CA2073705 A1 CA 2073705A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
anvil
heating
cradle
anvil member
annealing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002073705A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Donald A. Morin
Bartolo Sciano Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
United States Surgical Corp
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2073705A1 publication Critical patent/CA2073705A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C5/00—Manually operated portable stapling tools; Hand-held power-operated stapling tools; Staple feeding devices therefor
    • B25C5/02—Manually operated portable stapling tools; Hand-held power-operated stapling tools; Staple feeding devices therefor with provision for bending the ends of the staples on to the work
    • B25C5/0207—Particular clinching mechanisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads

Abstract

ABSTRACT
An anvil member for use in a surgical stapler is annealed by localized heating, preferably induction healing. A shaped shielding means is used to cradle the anvil so as to expose the staple crimping portion of the anvil. The heating is performed so as to anneal only the delimited staple crimping portion of the anvil. All other portions of the anvil are either shielded by the cradle or are out of the heating range.

Description

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M EI~IOD AND APPARATUS ~OR ANNEAL~G STAPLER ~NVILS

BACKGROUND OF Tl~IE IN~ENTION

1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method and apparatus for annealing the anvil members of surgical staplers, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for l induction heating a specified portion of an anvil member.
2. ~ack~round of the Invention Surgical stapling instruments are well known in the art. For example, 15 U.S. Patent Nos. 3,499,591; 3,490,675; and 3,079,606, all of which are incorporated by reference, describe surgical stapling instruments for applying multiple rows of metal staples sequentially to body tissue.
Typically) such instruments employ a metal anvil member to form or 20 crimp the staples. The anvil member possesses an upper surface with staple crimping depressions, or "pockets." When the staples are driven into the anvil the legs of the staple enter the pockets and are crimped, thereby securing the body tissue.
The anvil member is generally fabricated from a surgically accepkable strong metal alloy such as stainless steel. Bending forces develop during the operation of the instrument. Deflection of the anvil mem~er unper these bending force can lead to misalignment of the staples and pocl;ets and subsequent jamming or failure to close all of the staples. The bending moment of the anvil increases in proportion to the length of the IOWS of staples to be applied. Hence, The anvil member, especially for ~Q~3~5 . ., :. ...
.
. . -.. ..

instruments which apply relatively long rows of staples (e.g. with 80 mm. staple lines), must be very stiff.
Series 300 stainless steel has been used to fabricate the anvil.
5 Formation of the anvil member by cold working a stainless steel sheet inherently hardens the steel to sufficient stiffness. Manufacture of the anvil member also involves creating the pockets by a "coining" process. ~When hardened steel is coined, the coining tool, a die which punches the depressions into the anvil, has a shortened 10 life. Typically, the coining tool life for a cold worked steel anvil is about 100 punches. Consequently, it is advantageous in one respect to soften the anvil to incréase the working life of the coining tool. Annealing is a well known method for softening steel. However, since annealing reduces the stiffness of the anvil it increases the tendency of the anvil to deflect in use. The problem, then, is to achieve 5 extended coining tool life without weaXening the anvil.

SIJMI\IARY OF T~E INVE~TION
The aforementioned problem can be alleviated by localized annealing of 20 the staple crimping surface bf the anvil while leaving the remainder of the anvil unannealed. Presented herein is a method and apparatus for localized annealing of a delimited portion of an anvil, i.e. the staple crimping upper surface, while preventing the non-delimited portion from beinv ~nnealed. The method includes the use of 25 localized he~ting, preferably induction heating. The anvil is first placing the anvil in a cradle fabricated from a thermally and electrically conductive material such as copper.
The cradle has a slot configured and dimensioned so as to receive the anvil such that a first part of the exterior surface of the anvil is in thermally and electrically conductive contact with the interior surface of the slot and a second part of the anvil is exposed. The cradle is positioned in proximity to the he~ater such that only the ~7370~

delimited portion of the exposed part of the anvil is within the heating range of said heating means. The heater is operated such that the delimited exposed poriion of the anvil is heated to an annealing temperature, the anvil temperature being monitored, 5 for example by optical pyrometry, to determine when the annealing temperature has been reached, after which the heatin~ operation is terminated.

BRIEF l)ESCRl~l`rON or THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an anvil member.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the anvil showing the staple crimping depréssions or pockets.
Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the appara~us of the present invention showing means for localized induction heating of the anvil.
Pigs. 4 and ~ are cross sectional views of al~ernative embodiments of the shaped anvil cradle.

DETATLED ~ESCI~TPrTOi~' OF PREI;ERRED EMBODriVlE~TS
Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate an anvil member of the type commonly used in surgical stapling instruments. Anvil 10 is an elongated member having a distal portion 11 with an upper staple forming surface 14 and a proximal portion 12. The stapleforming upper surface 14 includes a plurality o~ staple crimping depressions or pockets 13. A knife slot 15 extends len'Jthwise along the upper surface 14 to permit longitudinal movement of a tissue cutting knife blade (not shown).
Anvil member 10 is preferably fabricated from a sheet of stainless steel alloy, such as Series 300 stainless steel. The sheet steel is cold worked to form it generally into the configuration as shown in Fig 1.

~07~05 .

. -4-As explained above, cold working hardens the steel, which is desirable to prevent deflection during use of the stapler. Nevertheless, it is also desirable that the anvil be softened by annealing in order to extend ~he useful life of the coining tool. This is accomplished by loca~ized annealing of only the upper surface 14 by induction heating. Preferably, the depth of annealing is from one to two thicknesses of the metal, and optimally about 1.S times the thickness of the sheet metal.
Induction heating is a method of heating conductive materials by subjecting them to a powerful alternating magnetic field. ~esistance to e~dy currents induced by the alternating magnetic field generates heat internally in the workpiece.
Theipower dissipated as heat in the workpiece is proportional to the resistivity of the workpiece and the square of the current flowing therein.
The induction heater generally comprises a source of alternating electric current~ and an induction coil or load coil, usually a water cooled copper tube, which generates the magnetic field. The load coil may be thought of as acting as the primary coil of a transfdrmer. No physical conlact is made be~ween the workpiece and theload coil.
Xnduction heating provides versatility with respect to localization of the heated area. Several factors influence the heating depth and pattern: frequency,power, power density, heating time, load coil shape, and workpiece geometry, electrical, magnetic and thermal properties. These factors influence one another. A
brief review of these factors follows.
Conventional induction heaters may be operated at frequencies ranging from 60 Hz line frequency to above 40 IvIHz. A frequency of 450 kHz is useful for many metal treating applications. Higher frequencies (e.g. 500 kHz to above l MHz) are used when it is desired to localize the healing to the surface of the workpiece.
I ower frequencies (e.g. 60 Hz to lO l~lz) permit yenetration of the heating zone. The 2~737~
:
. ` .

proper oper~ting frequency also depends upon the geometry of the workpiece (a higher frequency is more efficient for a snnaller diameter workpiece) and upon the resistivity of the workpiece (highly resistive materials such as semiconductors and nonconductors require megahertz frequencies for direct heating by induction).
When only surface heating is desired it is advantageous to operate at higher power levels and shorter heating limes. Lower power levels and longer heating times permit thermal conduction of lleat from the surface to the interior of the 1 O workpiece-The shape of the magnetic field, and therefore the heating pattern, is determined by the shape of the load coil. Load coils can be helical shaped, flatspirals, elongated, squared, conical, etc. The optimum choice depends on the particular application and shape of the workpiece.
An importarlt goal of the present invention is to limit the heated area of the anvil lO substantially to the staple crimping upper surface 1~. Accordingly, a special fixture, illustrated herein in Figs. 3 to 5, was developed to cradle the anvil during the annealing process. The cradle 20 acts as a heat sin3c to prevent induction heating of the proximal portion 12, and the sides and bottom of the anvil member.
In accordance with the method of the present invention a formed but precoined anvil member 10 is positioned in a cradle or h~atsink 20, as illustrated in Fig. 3. The cradle 20 comprises an elongated member, preferably fabricated from copper, with a longitudinal slot 2l having such slot width W so as to receive anvil member lO with thermally conductive contact between the bottom and the outer walls of the anvil member lO and the bottom and the inner walls of ~he slot 21. The height H of slot 21 is such as to allow the anvil to extend about l/16" ~ l/32" above the top of the cradle 20. Typically, the width W of the slot 21 is about 0.360 inches and the heigllt ~I of slot 21 is about 0.30 inches. Cradle 20 is cooled by water (or other :
2~7370~

.
. . .

other coolant) flowing therethrou~h. The flow rate of the coolant is sufficient to keep the non-delimited portion of the anvil below the annealing lemperature. ~ig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates the coolant input I and output O, which may be 5 accomplished by anyone with skill in the art. An interior passageway 22 in the cradle permits the flow through of coolant. ~ig. 4 illustrates a cross section of the cradle wherein the interior passageway is a chamber 23. Alternatively, the cradle 20 may be constructed f'rom a solid block of copper with internal coolant passageways 24 drilled 10 therethrough in the form of cylindrical channels as shown in Fig. 5.
' The cradle 20 is then positioned below the load coil 30 of an induction heater so as to leave a gap of from about 0.020 inches to about 0.030 inches between the load coil 30 and the upper surface 14 of the anvil. The shape of load coil 30 includes a series of elongated loops, the lowest loop conforming as closely as possible to the shape of the area of lhe anvil to be annealed, as shown in Fig. 3. This shape directs the heating energy to a local~zed area on the anvil surface. A coolant flows through load c~il 30 to prevent meltdown. During operation, the coil may have to be filxtured to prevent movement. The range of operating conditions for the power 20 supply ~re shown below in Table 1. An induction heater suitable for the present invention is available from Vacuum Tube Industries of Brockton, Massachusetts.

Broad Ran~e Preferred Operating frequency, 300 l~lz to 450 kHz 400 kHz to 440 kHz Voltage 200 V to 440 V
Power 2.5 kW to 7.5 kW S kW to 7.5 k~V
Heating time 10 sec. to 60 sec. 20 sec. to 30 sec.

2 ~ 7 ..-; `: " , ..

The anvil 10 is heated such that the upper surface 14 reaches a temperature of ~rom about 1900 F to about 2000F, and preferably from about 1925F to about 1975F. The temperature can be measured by optical pyrometrY.
s ~eferring to Fig. 3, the optical pyrometer 40 is positioned so as to face downward and take readings of the anvil surface through Ihe center of coil 30. An opticalpyrometer suitable for use in the present invention is available from PAR Associates, Inc. of Hohokus, N.~. 07423 under model name~ TEK THERMALERT
1 0 5S5XHTCF1.
The heating time to raise the anvil surface temperature from ambient to 1900F can be from about 20 seconds to 30 seconds It is preferable not to hold the anvil at the annealing temperature for an extended period of time. Once the annealing temperature has been reached the anvil can be quickly cooled to sub-annealing temperature. A suitable procedure employs a water jacketed steel plate to cool the anvil to 900F in from about 45 seconds to about 55 seconds, after which the anvil may be allowed to cool to ambient temperature in about 60 to 90 seconds. Anvils annealed by the above method have increased the coining tool life from about 10020 punches for an unannealed anvil up to about 2,500 punches~ which represents adramatic improvement in tool life and a correspondinv reduction in down time andreplacement costs. No substantial decrease in the anvil strength is observed.

. .

Claims (21)

1. A method for annealing a delimited portion of an anvil member for use in a surgical stapler said method comprising:
a) providing a means for heating;
b) placing said anvil member in cradle means, said cradle means comprising a member fabricated from a thermally conductive material and possessing means configured and dimensioned to receive said anvil such that a first part of the exterior surface of the anvil is in thermally conductive contact with the interior surface of the receiving means and a second part of the exterior surface of the anvil is exposed;
c) positioning said cradle in proximity to said heating means such that the delimited portion of the second part of the exterior surface of the anvil member is within the heating range of said heating means; and d) operating said heating means such that the delimited exposed portion of the anvil member is heated to an annealing temperature.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said heating means comprises an induction heating means.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said induction heating means includes a load coil for providing an alternating magnetic field in response to the application of an alternating electric current applied thereto.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said load coil is configured and dimensioned to direct heating energy to the exposed surface of the anvil.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein said alternating electric current is characterized by a frequency of from about 300 kHz to about 450 KHz, a voltage of from about 200 V lo about 440 V, and a power of from about 2.5 kW to about 7.5 kW.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein said alternating electric current is characterized by a frequency of from about 400 kHz to about 440 kHz, a voltage of from about 200 V to about 440 V, and a power of from about 5 kW to about 7.5 kW.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein said alternating current is applied for a duration of from about 10 seconds to about 60 seconds.
8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said alternating current is applied for a duration of from about 20 seconds to about 30 seconds.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said anvil member is fabricated from a stainless steel alloy.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said stainless steel alloy is Series 300 stainless steel.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein said cradle is fabricated from a metal.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein said metal is copper.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein said annealing temperature is from about 1925°F to about 1975°F.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the anvil is cooled after the annealing temperature has been reached.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein said cradle possesses interior means extending longitudinally therethrough for the passage of a fluid coolant material, and said method further comprising the step of passing said coolant material through said interior passage means of the cradle.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said coolant material is water.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein said interior passage means comprises a chamber.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein said interior passage means comprises at least one cylindrical channel.
19. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring the temperature of the delimited portion of the anvil member to determine when said delimited portion of the anvil member has reached said annealing temperature.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein said monitoring is accomplished by means of optical pyrometry.
21. A method for annealing a delimited portion of an anvil member for use in a surgical stapler, said method comprising:
a) providing a means for induction heating b) placing said anvil member in a heat sink configured and dimensioned to receive said anvil member such that a first part of the exterior surface of the anvil is in thermally conductive contact with said heat sink and a second part of the exterior surface of the anvil is exposed;
c) positioning said heat sink in proximity to said inducting heating means such that the delimited portion of the second part of the exterior surface of the anvil is within heating range of said induction heating means;
d) operating said induction heating means such that said delimited portion of the anvil member is heated to an annealing temperature; and e) terminating the heating operation when said annealing temperature is reached.
CA002073705A 1991-07-23 1992-07-13 Method and apparatus for annealing stapler anvils Abandoned CA2073705A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/734,596 US5173133A (en) 1991-07-23 1991-07-23 Method for annealing stapler anvils
US07/734,596 1991-07-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2073705A1 true CA2073705A1 (en) 1993-01-24

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Family Applications (1)

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Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5173133A (en)
EP (1) EP0525634A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2073705A1 (en)

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