CA2063454A1 - Cyclodextrin derivatives - Google Patents
Cyclodextrin derivativesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2063454A1 CA2063454A1 CA002063454A CA2063454A CA2063454A1 CA 2063454 A1 CA2063454 A1 CA 2063454A1 CA 002063454 A CA002063454 A CA 002063454A CA 2063454 A CA2063454 A CA 2063454A CA 2063454 A1 CA2063454 A1 CA 2063454A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- dmf
- reaction
- acid
- dissolved
- precipitate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0009—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid alpha-D-Glucans, e.g. polydextrose, alternan, glycogen; (alpha-1,4)(alpha-1,6)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)(alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. isolichenan or nigeran; (alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. pseudonigeran; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0012—Cyclodextrin [CD], e.g. cycle with 6 units (alpha), with 7 units (beta) and with 8 units (gamma), large-ring cyclodextrin or cycloamylose with 9 units or more; Derivatives thereof
Abstract
A cyclodextrin derivative having at least one group selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid salt, ammonium salt, phosphoric acid, carboxyl, carboxylic acid salt and hydroxyl groups and a remarkably high water solubility.
Description
(TranslatlOr~
2063~
SPECIFICATION
C~CLODEXTRIN DERIVATIVES
Technical Field This invention relates to cyclodextrin derivatives, more particularly to cyclodextrin derivatives having extremely high water solubility.
Background Art Chemicals such as pharmaceuticals and agrichemicals are generally required to have water solubility because of - the nature of their use. One ol the means of improvin~ the water solubility Or those chemicals that have been proposed in rccent years is by including them in cyclodextrin.
Ilowever, because Or the limitcd solubility of cyclodextrin in water, the cyclodextrin inclusion compounds have had the problem that their water solubillty is still insu-~ficient for practical applications. Under these .
circumstances, erforts have been made to improve the solubility of cyclodextrin in water by various methods such as methylating, hydroxyethyIating or hydroxypropylating cyclodextrin, or synthesizing polymers crosslinked with epichlorohydrin, but no satis~actory results have yet been - achieved.
- Therefore, an ob~ect o~ the present invention is to provide cyclodextrin derivatives having extremely h~gh solubility in water.
;
~' ' .
. - . ' , ~: :
2063~
SPECIFICATION
C~CLODEXTRIN DERIVATIVES
Technical Field This invention relates to cyclodextrin derivatives, more particularly to cyclodextrin derivatives having extremely high water solubility.
Background Art Chemicals such as pharmaceuticals and agrichemicals are generally required to have water solubility because of - the nature of their use. One ol the means of improvin~ the water solubility Or those chemicals that have been proposed in rccent years is by including them in cyclodextrin.
Ilowever, because Or the limitcd solubility of cyclodextrin in water, the cyclodextrin inclusion compounds have had the problem that their water solubillty is still insu-~ficient for practical applications. Under these .
circumstances, erforts have been made to improve the solubility of cyclodextrin in water by various methods such as methylating, hydroxyethyIating or hydroxypropylating cyclodextrin, or synthesizing polymers crosslinked with epichlorohydrin, but no satis~actory results have yet been - achieved.
- Therefore, an ob~ect o~ the present invention is to provide cyclodextrin derivatives having extremely h~gh solubility in water.
;
~' ' .
. - . ' , ~: :
2~3~
Disclosure of Inven-tion The present inventor conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above-stated obJect and -found that it could be attained by providing a cyclodextrin derivative having at least one group selected from among a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonic acid salt group, an ammonium salt group, a phosphoric acid group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid salt group and a hydroxyl group.
The present invention is described below in greater detail.
In accordance with the present invention, the water solubility of cyclodextrin (hereunder abbrevia~ed as CD) is improved significantly by positively introducing a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H), a sulfonic acid salt group (-SO3M), an ammonium salt group, preferably N~14 X group (X is a halo~en atom), a phosphoric acid group (-PO(OH)2), a carboxyl group (-COO~I), a carboxylic acid salt group (-COOM) or a hydroxyl group into the molecule of CD.
Specific examples of the CD derivative of the present invention these obtained include- those havi~g a sulfonic acid group such as monosulfonic acid-~-CD, heptasulfonic acid-~-CD, disulfonic acid ~-CD, tetradecasulfonic acid ~-CD and heneicosasulfonic acid ~-CD; those having an ammonium salt group such as monotrimethylammonium ' 2063~4 (chloride) ~-CD, ditrimethylammonium (chloride) ~-CD and heptatrimethylammonium (chloride) ~-CD: those having a phosphorlc acid group such as monophosphoric acid ~-CD, diphosphoric acld ~-CD and heptaphosphoric acid R-CD; and those having a carboxyl group such as monocarboxylic acid ~-CD, dicarboxylic acid ~-CD, heptacarboxylic acid ~-CD and biscarboxylic acid ~-CD.
Useful sul-fonic acid salt groups and carboxylic acid salt groups include alkali metal (e.g. K or Na) salts of a sulfonic acid group or a carboxyl group and CD derivatives having those groups may be used as the CD derivatives of the present invention.
The CD to be used in the present invention may be of any type such as ~-CD, ~-CD or ~-CD.
Shown below are exemplary reaction schemes for the synthesis of CD derivatives having at least one sulfonic acid group in accordance with the present invention, with the illustrated CD derivatives being monosulfonic acid ~-CD, disulfonic acid ~-CD, heptasul-fonic acid ~-CD, tetradecasulfonic acid ~-CD and heneicosasulfonic acid ~-CD.
' .
.: ' . ' ' , 20~3~
(1) Syn~hesis Or monosuleonic acid ~-CD
,k~ T ~ C ~ ~, T S 0~
(may be a- pyridine ( Ts: Cl13~S - ) or Y-Eorm) ~
N ~ IO~S~CI12-)~O~
, IJotcll2~so3N~ C~, (x = 1,2 or 3) monosulfonic acid ~-CD
(~) Synthesis Or heptasulfonic acid ~-CD
CH3S 02Br [Cl12--Br:l7 D M F ~B-CD\
(may be a-, or Y--Eorm) Nu,H ~ HCQ [Cl12--O~CH2~SO311]7 (x = 1,2 or 3) heptasulfonic acid ., '~
. : ~
. ,.. . ~ .
. .
2 ~
Disclosure of Inven-tion The present inventor conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above-stated obJect and -found that it could be attained by providing a cyclodextrin derivative having at least one group selected from among a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonic acid salt group, an ammonium salt group, a phosphoric acid group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid salt group and a hydroxyl group.
The present invention is described below in greater detail.
In accordance with the present invention, the water solubility of cyclodextrin (hereunder abbrevia~ed as CD) is improved significantly by positively introducing a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H), a sulfonic acid salt group (-SO3M), an ammonium salt group, preferably N~14 X group (X is a halo~en atom), a phosphoric acid group (-PO(OH)2), a carboxyl group (-COO~I), a carboxylic acid salt group (-COOM) or a hydroxyl group into the molecule of CD.
Specific examples of the CD derivative of the present invention these obtained include- those havi~g a sulfonic acid group such as monosulfonic acid-~-CD, heptasulfonic acid-~-CD, disulfonic acid ~-CD, tetradecasulfonic acid ~-CD and heneicosasulfonic acid ~-CD; those having an ammonium salt group such as monotrimethylammonium ' 2063~4 (chloride) ~-CD, ditrimethylammonium (chloride) ~-CD and heptatrimethylammonium (chloride) ~-CD: those having a phosphorlc acid group such as monophosphoric acid ~-CD, diphosphoric acld ~-CD and heptaphosphoric acid R-CD; and those having a carboxyl group such as monocarboxylic acid ~-CD, dicarboxylic acid ~-CD, heptacarboxylic acid ~-CD and biscarboxylic acid ~-CD.
Useful sul-fonic acid salt groups and carboxylic acid salt groups include alkali metal (e.g. K or Na) salts of a sulfonic acid group or a carboxyl group and CD derivatives having those groups may be used as the CD derivatives of the present invention.
The CD to be used in the present invention may be of any type such as ~-CD, ~-CD or ~-CD.
Shown below are exemplary reaction schemes for the synthesis of CD derivatives having at least one sulfonic acid group in accordance with the present invention, with the illustrated CD derivatives being monosulfonic acid ~-CD, disulfonic acid ~-CD, heptasul-fonic acid ~-CD, tetradecasulfonic acid ~-CD and heneicosasulfonic acid ~-CD.
' .
.: ' . ' ' , 20~3~
(1) Syn~hesis Or monosuleonic acid ~-CD
,k~ T ~ C ~ ~, T S 0~
(may be a- pyridine ( Ts: Cl13~S - ) or Y-Eorm) ~
N ~ IO~S~CI12-)~O~
, IJotcll2~so3N~ C~, (x = 1,2 or 3) monosulfonic acid ~-CD
(~) Synthesis Or heptasulfonic acid ~-CD
CH3S 02Br [Cl12--Br:l7 D M F ~B-CD\
(may be a-, or Y--Eorm) Nu,H ~ HCQ [Cl12--O~CH2~SO311]7 (x = 1,2 or 3) heptasulfonic acid ., '~
. : ~
. ,.. . ~ .
. .
2 ~
(3) Synthesis of disulfonic acid ~-CD
ceo.s~ c l~ ~;C112~ 0 (may be ~- or ~-form) ~ ~
- K I
D ~
,~ . (~) IIO~CI12)~SO3N~ HO3S~CI12~0-C112 Nnll ~ DMI: ~- Cll:--DtCI12~SO311 :(x = 1,2 or 3) - disulfonic acid ~-CD
ceo.s~ c l~ ~;C112~ 0 (may be ~- or ~-form) ~ ~
- K I
D ~
,~ . (~) IIO~CI12)~SO3N~ HO3S~CI12~0-C112 Nnll ~ DMI: ~- Cll:--DtCI12~SO311 :(x = 1,2 or 3) - disulfonic acid ~-CD
(4) Synthesis of tetradecasulfonic acld ~-CD
t -Bu--S i--C~ N~ ICII 3 " .
Cl13 ~ ~N ( Cl12--O--Si--t-Bu )7 ~ C113 (may be ~- or Y-form) DM~ ~
' 20~3~
( Cl1 2--O--S '--t ~ ) 7 C~CI12 X~SO3N~l 11C~ ~ ~ C113 N~D DMI: [ Cll--O ~Cil 2-)~ S0 311 ], ., ~) o~S~ ICl13 ~ Y ~ Il C ~ ~ Cl13 N~ DMI~ ~ Cll--O~CI12~2S0311 -~ ( Cl12--011) 7 ~, (~) [Cll-O-~CI12)~SO~II]~
~ rlll~ ~. (~2 - 0~1 ) 7 - ~!~ t~) ~
r Cll - o~c,l2~2sO31, ], ., ~ ~
t -Bu--S i--C~ N~ ICII 3 " .
Cl13 ~ ~N ( Cl12--O--Si--t-Bu )7 ~ C113 (may be ~- or Y-form) DM~ ~
' 20~3~
( Cl1 2--O--S '--t ~ ) 7 C~CI12 X~SO3N~l 11C~ ~ ~ C113 N~D DMI: [ Cll--O ~Cil 2-)~ S0 311 ], ., ~) o~S~ ICl13 ~ Y ~ Il C ~ ~ Cl13 N~ DMI~ ~ Cll--O~CI12~2S0311 -~ ( Cl12--011) 7 ~, (~) [Cll-O-~CI12)~SO~II]~
~ rlll~ ~. (~2 - 0~1 ) 7 - ~!~ t~) ~
r Cll - o~c,l2~2sO31, ], ., ~ ~
(5) Synthesis o-~ heneicosasulfonic acid ~-Cn O
- ~ ~ (Y~ r 2) rcl12-o~cll2~so3ll~7 (may be ~- _ Y ~ H CQ
or Y-f'orm) Nnll DMF ~ Cl12--O~CI1~+2SO~II]
:;
-~ . ' .- ~. . . .
, -' , ' , 20~3~
( 6 ) (Cl12011)x (Cl12011)n ¦ (cll2oso3ll) L~ Nll ~ SO, L~
(CllOII) 211 1 (CIIOSO~ll) 211-y (CIIOII)Y
CD may be of o~-, ~- or ~f-form when ~-CD, n = 6 when ~-CD, n = 7 when Y-CD, n = 8 ~' .
,.
,' . . .
. . .
~: ' ' :
20~3~
The above-llsted monosulfonic acid ~-CD, disulfonic acid ~-CD, heptasul~onic acid ~-CD, tetradecasul~onic acid ~-CD and heneicosasulfonic acld ~-CD can specifically be synthesized by the following schemes.
(l) Synthesis scheme -for monosulfonic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in pyridine at room temperature and, to the resulting solution, paratoluenesulfonyl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 20C.
After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature and, after the end of the reaction, pyridine is distilled off under vacuum at 40C or below, with the residue being added to a large volume of acetone for effecting reprecipitation. The precipitate is collected and purified by repeated recrystallization from water (yield: 25%).
The thus obtained R-CD monotosylate is reacted with KI
in DMF overnight at 70 - 80C and, after the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is purified by recrystallization from n-butanol /ethanol /water (yield: 60%).
Subsequently, sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate (x = l) is reacted with NaH in DMF and, to the reaction mixture, the ~-CD monoiodide obtained in the previous step i5 added and the mlxture is stirred for 12 h at 70 - 80C: after tbe ..
: .
- . . : , . : -: . . ' ~' ': , _9 2 0 5 3 ~ ~ ~
end o~ the reactlon, DMF is dls-tilled off undcr vacuum and the residue ls reprecipitated Erom a large volume of acetone. The precipi-tate is collected and treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain ~-CD moosulEonic acid (yield: 40%).
(2) Synthesis scheme for heptasulfonic acid ~-CD
~ -CD,is dissolved in DMF and methanesulfonyl bromide is added, -Eollowed by stirring at 60 - 70C ~or 24 h. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled oEf under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of methanol. Then, the precipitate is neutralized with a base and, thereafter,`the mixture is added to ice cooled water and filtered, with the precipitate being repeateddly washed with ice cooled water and vacuum dried to obtain Æ-CD
heptabromide (yield: 80%).
Subsequently, sodium hYdroxymethanesulfonate (x = 1) is reacted with NaH in DMF and, to the reaction mixture, the ~-CD heptabromide obtained in the previous step is added and the mixture is stirred for 24 h at 70 - 80C;
a-Eter the end o-E the stirring, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume oE acetone~ The precipitate is puri~ied by separation on column and subsequently treated with hydrochloric acid to obtain ~-CD heptasufonic acid (yield:
20%).
' "
Lo-2053~
(3) Synthesis scheme for disul~onic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in pyridine at room temperature and, to the resulting solution, diphenylmethane p,p'-disul-fonium chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 5C.
After the end o~ the dropwlse addition, the mixture is stirred overnight at 20C or below and, after the end o~
the reaction, pyridine is distilled off under vacuum at 40C or below, with the rcsidue being precipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and puriried by repeated recrystallization ~rom water Iyield:
15%~ ... ~
The thus obtained compound ~ is reacted with KI in DMF overnight at 70 - 80C and, a-~ter the end o~ the reaction, DMF is distilled o~f under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume o~
acetone. The precipitate is puri~ied by recrystallization from n-butanol/ethanol/water (yield: 55%) ... ~
Subsequently, sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate (x - 1) and Nall are reacted in DMF and, to the reaction mixture, previously obtained compound ~ is added at room temperature, ~ollowed by stirring at 70 - 80C for 24 h;
a~ter the end o-~ the reaction, DMF is distilled o~-~ under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume o~ acetone. The precipitate is collected and treated ' .
, , ' ' ' ' ~,',' 2~S3~
.
with dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain disulfonic acid ~-CD (yield: 30%).
(4) Synthesis scheme ~or tetradecasul~onic acid ~-CD
~ -CD and imidazole are dissolved in DMF at room temperature and, to the resultlng solution, t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride dissolved in DMF ls added dropwise. After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is stlrred ~or 6 h at room temperature and, a~ter the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum, with the residue being separated by chromatography on silica gel column (developing solvent: chloro~orm-ethanol).
The thus obtained compound is ~urther recrystallized from ethanol to puri~y compound ~ .
Method ~: Subsequently, compound ~ is dissolved in DMF
and reacted with NaH at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, sodium chloromethanesulfonate (x = 1) dissolved in DMF is slowly added dropwise and, a-~ter the end o~ the dropwise addition, reaction is performed at 60 -70C ~or 12 h. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled o~f under vacuum and the residue ls reprecipitated rrom a large volume o~ ethyl ether, with the precipitate being collected and treated with dilute hydrochlorlc acid to obtain cornpound ~ (yield: 45%).
Method ~: Subsequently, compound ~ is dissolved in DMF
and reacted with NaH at room temperature in a nitrogen : . .
'~
2~3~
atmosphere. Then, 1,3-propanesultone (y = 1) dlssolved ln DMF ls added dropwise slowly and, after the end of ~he dropwise addition, reaction is perrormed at room temperature ~or 2~ h. A~ter the end o-~ the reaction, DMF is distilled oPE under vacuum and ~he residue is reprecipitated from a large vol~lme of ethyl ether, with the precipitate being collected and treated wlth dilu~e hydrochloric acid to obtain compound ~ (yield: 70%).
Compound ~ (or ~ ) is dissolved in TIIF and, to the resulting solution, tetrabutylammonium ~luoride dissolved in TIIF is added dropwise. After the end o~ the dropwise addition, reaction is performed under re~lux ~or 5 h, followed by distilling off TI~F under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in a small volume o~ DMF and puri~ied by repeated reprecipitation from acetone to obtain compound ~ (or ) (yield o~ ~ = 75%; yield o~ ~ = 70%).
(5) Synthesis scheme ~or heneicosasulfonic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in DMF and reacted with Na~I in a nitrogen atmosphere at 5C or below. Then, 1,3-propanesultone (y = 1) dissolved in DMF is slowly added dropwise and, a~ter the end of the dropwise addition, reaction is per~ormed at room temperature ~or 60 h. A~ter the end o~ the reaction, DMF is distilled of~ under vacuwn and the residue is reprecipitated ~rom a large volume of dichloromethane. The precipitate is collected and treated . .
. .
.
, , 20~34~
with dllute hydrochloric acid to obtain heneicosasulfonic acid ~-CD (yield: 25%).
- ~ ~ (Y~ r 2) rcl12-o~cll2~so3ll~7 (may be ~- _ Y ~ H CQ
or Y-f'orm) Nnll DMF ~ Cl12--O~CI1~+2SO~II]
:;
-~ . ' .- ~. . . .
, -' , ' , 20~3~
( 6 ) (Cl12011)x (Cl12011)n ¦ (cll2oso3ll) L~ Nll ~ SO, L~
(CllOII) 211 1 (CIIOSO~ll) 211-y (CIIOII)Y
CD may be of o~-, ~- or ~f-form when ~-CD, n = 6 when ~-CD, n = 7 when Y-CD, n = 8 ~' .
,.
,' . . .
. . .
~: ' ' :
20~3~
The above-llsted monosulfonic acid ~-CD, disulfonic acid ~-CD, heptasul~onic acid ~-CD, tetradecasul~onic acid ~-CD and heneicosasulfonic acld ~-CD can specifically be synthesized by the following schemes.
(l) Synthesis scheme -for monosulfonic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in pyridine at room temperature and, to the resulting solution, paratoluenesulfonyl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 20C.
After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature and, after the end of the reaction, pyridine is distilled off under vacuum at 40C or below, with the residue being added to a large volume of acetone for effecting reprecipitation. The precipitate is collected and purified by repeated recrystallization from water (yield: 25%).
The thus obtained R-CD monotosylate is reacted with KI
in DMF overnight at 70 - 80C and, after the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is purified by recrystallization from n-butanol /ethanol /water (yield: 60%).
Subsequently, sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate (x = l) is reacted with NaH in DMF and, to the reaction mixture, the ~-CD monoiodide obtained in the previous step i5 added and the mlxture is stirred for 12 h at 70 - 80C: after tbe ..
: .
- . . : , . : -: . . ' ~' ': , _9 2 0 5 3 ~ ~ ~
end o~ the reactlon, DMF is dls-tilled off undcr vacuum and the residue ls reprecipitated Erom a large volume of acetone. The precipi-tate is collected and treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain ~-CD moosulEonic acid (yield: 40%).
(2) Synthesis scheme for heptasulfonic acid ~-CD
~ -CD,is dissolved in DMF and methanesulfonyl bromide is added, -Eollowed by stirring at 60 - 70C ~or 24 h. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled oEf under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of methanol. Then, the precipitate is neutralized with a base and, thereafter,`the mixture is added to ice cooled water and filtered, with the precipitate being repeateddly washed with ice cooled water and vacuum dried to obtain Æ-CD
heptabromide (yield: 80%).
Subsequently, sodium hYdroxymethanesulfonate (x = 1) is reacted with NaH in DMF and, to the reaction mixture, the ~-CD heptabromide obtained in the previous step is added and the mixture is stirred for 24 h at 70 - 80C;
a-Eter the end o-E the stirring, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume oE acetone~ The precipitate is puri~ied by separation on column and subsequently treated with hydrochloric acid to obtain ~-CD heptasufonic acid (yield:
20%).
' "
Lo-2053~
(3) Synthesis scheme for disul~onic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in pyridine at room temperature and, to the resulting solution, diphenylmethane p,p'-disul-fonium chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 5C.
After the end o~ the dropwlse addition, the mixture is stirred overnight at 20C or below and, after the end o~
the reaction, pyridine is distilled off under vacuum at 40C or below, with the rcsidue being precipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and puriried by repeated recrystallization ~rom water Iyield:
15%~ ... ~
The thus obtained compound ~ is reacted with KI in DMF overnight at 70 - 80C and, a-~ter the end o~ the reaction, DMF is distilled o~f under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume o~
acetone. The precipitate is puri~ied by recrystallization from n-butanol/ethanol/water (yield: 55%) ... ~
Subsequently, sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate (x - 1) and Nall are reacted in DMF and, to the reaction mixture, previously obtained compound ~ is added at room temperature, ~ollowed by stirring at 70 - 80C for 24 h;
a~ter the end o-~ the reaction, DMF is distilled o~-~ under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume o~ acetone. The precipitate is collected and treated ' .
, , ' ' ' ' ~,',' 2~S3~
.
with dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain disulfonic acid ~-CD (yield: 30%).
(4) Synthesis scheme ~or tetradecasul~onic acid ~-CD
~ -CD and imidazole are dissolved in DMF at room temperature and, to the resultlng solution, t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride dissolved in DMF ls added dropwise. After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is stlrred ~or 6 h at room temperature and, a~ter the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum, with the residue being separated by chromatography on silica gel column (developing solvent: chloro~orm-ethanol).
The thus obtained compound is ~urther recrystallized from ethanol to puri~y compound ~ .
Method ~: Subsequently, compound ~ is dissolved in DMF
and reacted with NaH at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, sodium chloromethanesulfonate (x = 1) dissolved in DMF is slowly added dropwise and, a-~ter the end o~ the dropwise addition, reaction is performed at 60 -70C ~or 12 h. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled o~f under vacuum and the residue ls reprecipitated rrom a large volume o~ ethyl ether, with the precipitate being collected and treated with dilute hydrochlorlc acid to obtain cornpound ~ (yield: 45%).
Method ~: Subsequently, compound ~ is dissolved in DMF
and reacted with NaH at room temperature in a nitrogen : . .
'~
2~3~
atmosphere. Then, 1,3-propanesultone (y = 1) dlssolved ln DMF ls added dropwise slowly and, after the end of ~he dropwise addition, reaction is perrormed at room temperature ~or 2~ h. A~ter the end o-~ the reaction, DMF is distilled oPE under vacuum and ~he residue is reprecipitated from a large vol~lme of ethyl ether, with the precipitate being collected and treated wlth dilu~e hydrochloric acid to obtain compound ~ (yield: 70%).
Compound ~ (or ~ ) is dissolved in TIIF and, to the resulting solution, tetrabutylammonium ~luoride dissolved in TIIF is added dropwise. After the end o~ the dropwise addition, reaction is performed under re~lux ~or 5 h, followed by distilling off TI~F under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in a small volume o~ DMF and puri~ied by repeated reprecipitation from acetone to obtain compound ~ (or ) (yield o~ ~ = 75%; yield o~ ~ = 70%).
(5) Synthesis scheme ~or heneicosasulfonic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in DMF and reacted with Na~I in a nitrogen atmosphere at 5C or below. Then, 1,3-propanesultone (y = 1) dissolved in DMF is slowly added dropwise and, a~ter the end of the dropwise addition, reaction is per~ormed at room temperature ~or 60 h. A~ter the end o~ the reaction, DMF is distilled of~ under vacuwn and the residue is reprecipitated ~rom a large volume of dichloromethane. The precipitate is collected and treated . .
. .
.
, , 20~34~
with dllute hydrochloric acid to obtain heneicosasulfonic acid ~-CD (yield: 25%).
(6) Synthesis scheme for sul-fonic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in dehydrated DMF and sulfamic acid is added to the solution a~ room temperature. Thereafter, reaction is performed at 60 - 70C for 3 h in a nitrogen stream. ~fter the end of the reaction, the product is left to cool to room temperature and DMF is distilled of-f under - vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone and the precipitate being filtered. The precipitate is washed thoroughly with acetone and dried to obtain the end compound (yield: ca. 70~).
Each of the end compounds is identified by suitable methods such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
The following are exemplary reaction schemes for synthesizing CD derivatives having a sulfonic acid salt group.
Synthetic Reaction Schemes:
(1) Monosulfonate ~-CD, heptasulfonate ~-CD, disulfonate ~-CD, tetradecasul~onate ~-CD and heneicosasulfonate ~-CD can be synthesized by the same reactions as for the above-described monosulfonic acid ~-CD, heptasulfonic acid ~-CD, disul-~onic acid ~-CD, tetradecasulfonic acid ~-CD and .
'. .
. . . .
2053~
henelcosasul~onic acld ~-CD, respectively. except that ~ICl treatment is not per-~ormed in the last step.
(2) Synthesis o-f sulfonate ~-CD corresponding to the above-described sulronic ~-CD (6) ~C112011)x (Cll2oll)ll 1 (Cl120SO311) L~ NIIDSO~ ¢~
(CllOII)z1l (CllOII) (CIIOSO~11)211-Y
(Cl12011)x (CII~OSO~N~)n-x NuOII ~
:` ' (CIIoll)y,(CI10SO~NII)2ll~y The reactions for synthcsis described above can speci~ically be carried out in accordance with the schcmes outlined below.
(l) Reaction for the synthesis Or CD derivatives hQving the sulfonlc acid groups described above - By quenching the reactions under (l) - (5) without per-forming the treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid in the ~inal stage, monosul-fonate ~-CD, heptasuli'onate ~-CD, disulfonate ~-CD, tetradecasulfonate ~-CD and henelcosasul~onate ~-CD can be obtained.
(2) Synthesis Or sulfonate ~-CD
The final product Or the above-describcd CD derivative (6) having a sul~onic acid group is dissolved in an aqueous ' ' ' ''' ` ' .:
~' .
: : , . . , ~ !, ~' ' `' : ' . ' ' ' ' . ':
'` ' ` ': . ' ` ` '~
. " ' , ' ': " ` '~' ' ` ' ' , ' .
.
` '"' `. '` ' ` ' ' ' ' ' , , ` , ~63~
solution o-f 2 N NaO~I and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After the end of the reaction, water is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated with ethyl ether (yield: ca. 90%).
In the next place, exemplary reaction schemes for the synthesis of CD derivatives having at least one ammonium salt group are described below.
:
. ' ' , ' :
' ' :
2~3~
(~) Monotriole~hylammonium (chloride) ~-CD (4) /~
rScQ ¦ ~ (may be ~- or -form) TsO~ (Ts: Cll3~s - ) (1) 0 L~ DMI~ N~N3 ¦ DMI~
~R--C D~ N,~
(2) (5) (Cl1~)3N ~¦,DMI~ 112 I PdlC
(3~ D~M ~) ion-exchange resin CQ(~)(CII~ )3 N ~), / k--CD \
(~) ' ' . . : : . ..
,~ ~
:
- ' , 20~3~
~ Ditrimethylammoniun (chloride) ~-CD
/~
C~ - S ~ Cll 2~ S - C~ I ~ (may be ~-8 8 ~1~ or -~orn! j o-s-~ ~30\=s=o . \0~\0 , ~ . I
; ~ DM~ N~N~I DM~
I ~ I N 3~N
(Cll~)~N ¦DM~ 112 ¦Pd~C
I~)(CII~)~N(Cl ~ 1 Nil/)~NII2 DM~
:: ion-exchange resin CQ ( Cl13 )3 N/~ ~N ( Cll 3 ) ~ C~?
;
,: ' .
': . ' .
.
', ' ' ' , 2~63~
(~ lleptatrimethyl~3mmoniulll (chloridc) ~-CD (9) ,B--C D !, Cl13SOz~r ¦ DMI~ (may be (x- or ~-~orm) .~ ~
(C11213r) 7 ~ '.
, (CllOII), (~) (Cl13 ) 3N ¦ Dlll~
~, ( Cll 2N( Cll 3 ) 3 Br ) 7 :' / ~-CD \
~ (CllOII) : (8) : ¦ ion-exchange resin ~ ~, (CII~N(CI13)3C~ )7 . I I ~ .
/ ~--CD \
(CllOII) ~ ~ ;
( 9 ) :.
, ' .:
`20~3~5~
The reactions for synthesls described above can specirlcally be carried out ln accordance with the schemes outlined below.
Synthesis of monotrimethylammonium tchloride) ~-CD
CD is dissolved in pyridine at room temperature and, to the resulting solution. paratoluenesulfonyl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 20C.
After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature and, arter the end o~
the reaction, pyridine is distilled off under vacuum at 40C or below, with the residue being added to a large volume of acetone for effecting repreclpitation. The precipitate is collected and purified by repeatcd recrystallization from water to obtain ~-CD monotosylate (l) (yield: 25%).
The thus obtained ~-CD monotosylate is reacted with KI
in DMF overnight at 70 - 80~C and, a~ter the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is purified by recrystallization from n-butanol/ethanol/water to obtain compound (2) (Yield:
60~).
Further, compound (2) is dissolved in DMF and cooled to 0C. Then, trimethylamine is added at 0C and reaction ~s perrormed at o - 5C for 12 h. ~ter the end Or the ,' ' , ' ' , .
. ' .'; '' ' :
;
-zo-20~3~
reaction, DM~ and triethylamine are distilled of~ under vacuum and khe residue is reprecipitated erom a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized Erom a water /ethanol system to obtaln compound (3) (yield: 60%).
Compound (3) is dissolved in water and passed through an anion-exchange resln of C1 form, whereby monotrimethylammonium (chloride) ~-CD (4) is obtained almost quantltatively (yield: 90~).
~2: Sodium azide is dissolved in water and preYiously obtained compound (1) is added to the resultin~ system.
Subsequently, the mixture is heated at 80 - 90C to perform reaction for 3 h. After being left to cool to room temperature, the reaction mixture is flltered and water is concentrated under vacuum. The residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of methanol. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized from water to obtain compound t5) (yield: 70%).
Further, compound (5) is dissolved in DMF solvent and hydro~enated by addition of a small amount of 10% palladium on carbon tPreSsure: 8 - 10 atm; temperature: 30 - 40C).
Twenty-four hours later, the reaction mixture is left to cool to room temperature and flltered. The solvent is dlstilled of r under vacuum and t e resldue ls . , , 2~53l~4 repreclpitated from a large volume o~ ace-tone. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized erom ~vater /ethanol to obtaln compound (6) tYie1d: 60%).
Subsequently, compound (6) and K2C03 aro dissolved in DM~ and the solution is cooled to 0 - 5C. To thc resulting system, cooled methyl iodide is added and, thereafter, the mixture is subjecteld -to reaction at 30 - 40C -~or 12 h.
After the end of the reaction, the reactlon mixture is le~t to cool to room temperature and DMF and methyl iodlde are distilled o~f under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume o~ acetone. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized -from a water/ethanol system to obtain compound (3) (yield: 25%).
The subsequent procedure is the same as in ~
whereupon monotrimethylammonium (chloride) R-CD (4) is obtained.
Ditrimethylammonium (chloride) R-CD can be synthesized in essentially the same manner as inG~.
Synthesis o~ heptatrimethylammonium (chloride) R-CD
R-CD is dissolved in DMF at room temperature and methanesulfonyl bromide is added to the solution, which is therea-fter stirred at 60 - 70C for 24 h. A~ter the end o~
the reaction, DMF is distilled o~f under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume o~ methanol.
::.
,- .
-2~-2~3~
Further, the precipitate is neutralizcd with a base and added to ice cooled water; after filtration, the preclpitate is washed with ice cooled water and vacuum dried to obtain compound (7) (yield: 80%).
Compound (7) is dissolved in DM~ and cooled to 0C~
Subsequently, trimethylamine is added at 0C and reaction is performed at 0 - 5C for 12 h. After the end of the reaction, DMF and trimethylamine are distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of diethyl ether. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized from a water/ethanol system to obtain : compound (8) (yield: 20%).
: Subsequently, compound (8) is dissolved in water and passed through an anion-exchange resin of Cl form, whereby heptatrimethylammonium (chloride) ~-CD (9) is obtained almost quantitatively (yield: 90%).
The end compounds are identified by suitable methods such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Exemplary reaction schemes for the synthesis of CD
derivatives having at least one phosphoric acid group are described below.
..
, , '''' ' , .: :
.. , : ~ ' ' '' ' :
-~3--2~S3~
(~ Monophosphoric acid ~3-CD;
(Cl12011) 6 (C112011) 6 - ~ TsCQ TsO~L 1~1 I '`) L
L ~ CD \ N ~ T-C~ ~~ / ~
(may be o~- or ~-eorm) ~ ~
~ (CllOII), ~ (CllOII) ('Is- Cl13~S-) O
Cl13 P( OEt )P ~\ Cll 3-S i -Br 110 \ ~( ~C~6 EtO/o / ~--CD~ ~ 110 0 ~1 C D \
(CllOII) I .~ D~ (CllOII) - (El;: C211s--) ; (~) Diphosphoric acid ~-CD (4);
;~\ CQ- S ~ C11 2-~ S-C~ ~
(may be ~- or Y-~orm) _ _ ~
,' , [~U3 '' ~- Kl DMI~ ~) I
(CllOII), ~ (CllOII j, (1) (2) ' :
., ~
: ` 2~53~5~
P(OEt), ~tO\p~p~OEt Cll~-S~ r DME El/o/ ~--~o~OEt Cl13 ( CllOII) " DI~P
(3) o2~ o ~~ ;
(CllOIl),~
~; (11) `'' ~
(~) lleptaphosphoric acid 13-CD;
( C11213r) 7 --- - \ CI13SO2Br ,-J ---~ P(OE
CD \ ---DMI~ ~ DMI~
(may l)e o~- or ~-rorm) (CllOII)~ ~ :
~O OEt Cll:-Si-13r (fl~ P~oll )7 C D \ Cll~ ~ D \
( CllOII ), ~ DME ( ~1100 ) 1 ~
~.
.''' .
. .
. .
. .
.
-2r,-2~31~
The reactions for synthesLs described above can speci~ically be carried out in accordance with the followlng schemes.
Synthesis o~ monophosphoric ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved ln pyridine at room temperature and, to thc resulting solution, paratoluenesulfonyl chlorlde dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 20C.
After the end Oe the dropwise addition, the mixturc is stirred overnight at room temperature and, after the end O-e the reaction, pyridine is distilled Oef at 40C or below, with the residue being added to a large volume of acetone for erfecting reprecipitation. Thc precipitate is collected and purifled by repeated recrystalllzation from water to obtain ~-CD monotosylate (1) (yield: 25%).
The thus obtained ~-CD is reacted with I~I in DMF
overnight at 70 - 80C and, after the end Or the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is purified by recrystallization from n-.
butanol/ethanol/water to obtain compound (2) (yleld: 60%).
Subsequently, the thus obtained ~-CD monoiodide is dissolved in DMF and reacted with trlethyl phosphite at 90 - 100C for 24 h. After the end of the reaction, tricthyl phosphite and DMF are distilled of~ under vacuurn and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, ~' ' .' ' .: .
: ' .
-~6-2~53~
with the precipitate being thoroughly washed with water and the resulting crystal being vacuurn dried.
The crystal is then dissolved ln a small volllme of DMF
and, to the resulting solution, bromotrimethylsilane (BTMS) `!, is added and reaction is performed at 30 - 40C Eor 12 h.
After the end o-f the reaction, BTMS and DMF are distilled : .
off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of diethyl ether, with the precipitate being collected and purified by recrystallization from a chloroform/ethanol system to obtain monophosphoric acid ~-CD (mono-6-dihydroxyphosphonyl-6-deoxy ~-CD) (yield: 35%).
(B) Synthesis of diphosphoric acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in pyridine at room temperature and, to the resulting solution, diphenylmethane p,p'-disulfonyl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 5C.
After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred overnight at 20C or below and, a-fter the end o-f the reaction, pyridine is distilled off at 40C or below and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and purified by repeated recrystallization from water to obtain compound (1) (yield: 15%).
The thus obtained compound (1) is reacted with KI in DMF overnight at 70 - 80C and, after the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue ., . . ' ' ' ,' ' .
2~3~
is reprecipitate~ -~rom a large volume of acetone~ The precipitate is collected and purified by recrystallization from n-butanol/ethanol/water to obtain compound (2) (yleld:
55%).
Subsequently, the thus obtained compound (2) is dissolved in DMF and reacted with triethyl phosphite at 90 - 100C for 24 h. After the end of the reaction, triethyl phosphite and DMF are distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being washed thoroughly with water and the resulting crystal being vacuum dried to obtain compound (3).
Further, the thus obtained compound (3) is dlssolved in a small volume of DMF and, after addition of BTMS, subjected to reaction at 30 - 40C for 12 h. After the end of the reaction, BTMS and DMF are distilled o-ff under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated -from a large volume of diethyl ether, with the precipitate being collected and purified by recrystallization from a chloroform/ekhano~ system to obtain diphosphoric acid ~-CD
(4) (yield: 25%).
(C) Synthesis of heptaphosphoric acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in DMF at room temperature and, a~ter addition of methanesulfonyl bromide, the mixture is stirred at 60 - 70C for 24 h. A~ter the end of the . ' , - - , . . ~
"~
: . :
~ :
2a~3~
reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of methanol.
Subsequently, the precipitate is neutralized with a base, added to ice cooled water and filtered, followed by washin~
the precipitate with ice cooled water and vacuum drying to obtain ~-CD heptabromide (yield: 8Q%).
Subsequently, ~-CD heptabromide is dissolved in DM~
and reacted with triethyl phosphite at 90 - 100C ~or 60 h.
After the end of the reaction, triethyl phosphite and DMF
are distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being collected and thoroughly washed with water and the resultin~ crystal being vacuum dried.
Further, the crystal is dissolved in a small volume of DMF and, after addition of bromotrimethylsilane (BTMS), subJected to reaction at 30 - 40~C for 30 h. After the end of the reaction, BTMS and DMF are distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of THF, with the precipitate being collected and purified by recrystallization from a chloroform/ethanol - system to obtain heptaphosphoric acid ~-CD (yield: 10%).
The end compounds can be identified by suitable methods such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
' : . . .
2~3~
Exemplary reaction schemes for the synthesis of CD
derivatives having at least one carboxyl group or carboxylic acid salt group are described below.
- , : . ' ~ ' , , : ' . , , :
", ' ' ,' ~ ' . ' (A) Monoc~rboxylic acld ~-CD;
(Cl12011)6 (C112011) 6 C D\ ~ TsO /~ ~G D\ ~ 1/)~\
,~N~, DMI~
l~J (CllOII),~ (Cll~
N~OOC~CI12~nO~I)G I100C~C112~nO~
llotcll2~cooll /~B--C D\ 11(33 /~--C D\
> , ~
Dl`il~, N~ll (CllOII),., (CllOII),., ( B ) Dicarboxylic acid ~-CD;
~ CQ-SI~C112~5l-CQ =51~(`11 0~-1=0 -~ /~\ N - > O~\o ~ ~3 (CllOII), ~
~' ~ (1) .
(Cl12011)s,~ (Cl12~11)s .; - ~/~R~ I N~ooctcllztno~\otcllz~cooNa ' I ' IIO~CI12~C0011 ~ 1-~
~: ~ (CllOII) , ~ DMI~, N~ll (CllOII) , ~- (2) (3 : (C~2011)~
1~33 HOOCtCH2~nO ~ O~CI12~ COOH
-. > , I
(CHOII~, ' (~) : ' .
... .
... .
. ~
. , ' .
-31.-2~3~
(C) Eleptacarboxylic acid R-CD;
(Cl12Ur)7 CII~SO213r , I
C D\ ~ C~
( Cl1011 ) I ~
[C112-OtC112~ COON~]7 [Cll2-otcll2~ncooll]7 -tcll2~cooll /= 11(3~) /~\ .
DM~, N~ll (Cl101~ (Cl~O~
where n = 1 - 3 and CD may be in either ~- or ~-form.
(D) (Cllz)ll lcll2o-cll2tcll2~icooNa3ln-x ~Nall IIZC~o~C=o ~OII)x L~ Dt~ > / C D
CllOII ) 2~n ¦ ( CllOII ) y CD~ In--7 ~ lcllo-cll2tcli2~cooN~}2M-y \ ~--CD- ~ In=~l J {Cl120-C112tcll2~;cOoll~M-x strong acidic ~3 ~011 ) x : ion-exchange resin D / C D \
( CllOll ) y ~C ,llo-cll2tcll2t~icool~} In y * where n 1 - 4 n--1 ~-propiolactone [~
:~ n=2 ~-butyrolactone ~ O
: ~1=3 ~S-valerolac~,one ~ O
n=4 ~-carprolactone Cl12~0 (Cll 2)~-CO
~. .
; ~ , --3~-2~3~
( E ) (C112011)11 (C112(0c11xoc 11 C02C2115 n ~ ~CO2C211s . 2 2 I~<f.n ,~ " )n-x --\ N~ll ur~2~n I~ 1l ~ I ~U2-,211s r n \ ~u2~2~5 ~ ~
> / C D \
(Cl1011)21l . (CllOC 11 ~C2C2115 . (I ~11011) 2 'I \C02C2115 )2n-Y
` ' .
( lcll2(ocl12xoc2ll4~co2ll )n-x Cll ~ ON~ CO 211 C113011 1 l 1 \
. I (CIIOC2114-<CCoO2ll )2n-Y
(E;`) C113 (C112011)ll N ICII, (Cl120-Si~t~~l)n L~ DMI~ 113 (Cl1011) 2n (Cl12011) 2n ICI13 ( 1 ) CQ(CI12)nCO2NQ (Cl120-Si-L-~n)n N~ DMF 1 Cll3 / CD ~
, . ~
~CIIO(CI12 )IlC02N~} 2n \ (n-C~119 )N 1~ r~l)n ( 2 ) /~Tlll~ L~
- ~CIIO(CI12 )nCOzN~) 2n (xcl) C113 ~0~ (cll2o-si-t-n~l),l ( ~ ) -NQII~ DMI~ 1 Cll3 / CD \
~CIIO(CI12)nCO2N~), i (3) In (E) and (F), n ls 6 ~ 8.
2~34~
The reactions for synthesis descrlbed above can specifically be carrled ou-t in accordance with the eollowing schemes.
(A) Synthesis o~ monocarboxylic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in dehydrated pyridine at room temperature and, to the resulting system, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 20C or below. After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is further stirred overnight at room temperature. After the end of the reaction, pyridine is distilled of-f under vacuum at 40C or below and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, wi-th the precipitate being collected and recrystallized three times from water (yield:
ca. 25%).
The thus obtained ~-CD monotosylate is dissolved in DMF and reacted with KI overnight at a temperature of 70 -: :
80C. After the cnd of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being collected and recrystallized from an n-butanol/ethanol/water system (yield: ca. 60%).
: Subsequently, glycolic acid (n = 1) and NaH are reactcd in DMF at room temperature in a nitrogen stream and, one hour later, the system is heated to a temperature oi 30 - 40C, whereupon ~-CD monoiodlde dissolved in DMF is .
, , '.... , ' .: . ~ ~, ' ' " "' ' 20~3~
added drcpwise and~ after the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is subjected to reaction overnight at 90 -100C. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being dissolved in hot methanol and filtered, followed by anothcr reprecipitation from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected, dissolved in water and treated with a strong acidic ion-exchange resin to obtain the end compound (yield: ca. 35%).
(B) Synthesis of dicarboxylic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in pyridlne at room temperature and, to the resulting solution, dlphenylmethane p,p'-disulfonyl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 5C.
After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred overnight at 20C or below. After the end of the reaction, pyridine is distilled off undcr vacuum at 40C or below and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and purified by repeated recrystallization ~rom water to obtain compound (1) (yield: ca. 15%).
The thus obtained compound (1) is reacted with KI in DMF overnight at a temperature of 70 - 8~C and, after the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled of~ under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of 20~3~
acetone. The precipitate is collected and puriried by recrystallization from an n-butanol/ethanol/water system to obtain compound (2) (Yield: ca. 55%).
Subsequently, glycolic acid and Na~l are reacted in DMF
at room temperature in a nitrogen strea~ and, one hour later, the system is hea-ted to 30 - 40C, whereupon the compound ~2) dissolved in DMF is added dropwise and, after the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is subJected to reaction overnight at a temperature of 90 - 100C. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being dissolved in hot ethanol, filtered and sub~ected to another precipitation from a large volume of acetone to obtain compound (3). The precipitate is collected, dissolved in water and treated with a strong acidic ion-exchange resin to obtain compound (4) (yield: ca. 20%).
(C) Synthesis of heptacarboxylic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in DMF at room temperature and, after addition of methanesulfonyl bromide, the mixture is stirred at 60 - 70C ~or 24 h. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of methanol. After neutralization, the precipitate is added to ice cooled ~ ' ~ ' .
- , " .
,;
' ~ :
`' " ;' ' 2~3~
water, filtered, washed thorou~hly with ice cooled water and dried to obtain ~-CD heptabromide (yield: ca. 80%)~
Subsequently, glycolic acid (n = 1) and Na~I are reacted in DMF at room temperature in a nitrogen stream and, one hour later, the system is heated to a temperature o-f 30 - 40C, whereupon ~-CD heptabromide dissolved in DMF
is added dropwise and, a~ter the end o~ the dropwise addition, the mixture is subjected to reaction overnight at a temperature of 90 - 100C. After the end o~ the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipltated from a large volume Or diethyl ether, with the precipitate being dissolved in hot ethanol, filtered and subjected to another reprecipitation from a large volume of diethyl ether. The precipitate is collected, dissolved in water and treated with a strong acidic ion-exchange resin to obtain the end compound (yield: ca. 10%).
(D) ~-CD is-dissolved in dehydrated DMF and reacted with NaII in a nitrogen stream. A~ter stirring ~or 1 h at room temperature, the system is heated to 60 - 70C. With the -temperature held at that level, a solution of ~-propiolactone (n = 1) in DMF is slowly added dropwise.
After the end of the dropwise addition, the system 1s further heated to 100C and subjected to reaction for 12 h at that temperature. After the end o~ -the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is :. .
. , - : , -:: . . :, ~
2~3~
reprecipitated from a large volume o~ acetone. The precipitate is dissolved in hot methanol, filtered and subJected to another reprecipitation from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate ls collected, dissolved in water and treated with a strong acidic ion-exchange resin to obtain the end compound (yield: 75%).
(E) Synthesis of biscarboxylic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in dehydrated DMF and reacted with NaH in a nitrogen stream. After stirring for 1 h at room temperature, the system is heated to 60 - 70C. With the temperature held at that level, a solution of diethyl 2-bromoethylmalonate in DMF is slowly added dropwise. After the end of the dropwise addition, the system is further heated to 100C and subjected to reaction for 12 h that temperature. After the end of the reaction, DM~ is distilled of~ under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate ~s separated by filtration, dried and thereafter dissolved in methanol, with a solution of sodium alcolate in methanol being added dropwise to the system, followed by reaction at room temperature for 24 h. After the end of the reaction, the precipitate is separated by filtration and a strong acidic ion-exchange resin is added to the filtrate, followed by stirring for 1 h. After concentratin~ methanol, the residue is reprecipitated from ' ~:, . .
; ~ . . ,' . . ~.' . :
' ' ~ ' . ' ' : '" . . ;' ' .
.. . . .
2 ~
a large volume of acetone. Tho precipitate is filtered and dricd to obtain the end compound (yield: ca. 60%).
~ 'e now describe the synthesls Or CD dcrivatives having carboxylic acid salt ~roups.
As for the synthesis of mono-, di- and heptacarboxylic acld salt ~-CD corresponding to tA) - (D~ described above, as well as carboxylic acid salt ~-CD (D), the end compounds can be obtained by repeating the reaction schemes for (A) -(D) except that the treatment with a strong acidic ion-exchange resin in the last step is omitted.
Synthesis of (F) tetradecacarboxylic acid salt ~-CD
can be performed in the following manner.
(F) Synthesis of tetradecacarboxylic acid salt R-CD
~ -CD and imidazole are dissolved in DMF at room temperature and, to the resulting solution, t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride dissolved in DMF is added dropwise. After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 6 h and, after the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled of~ under vacuwn and the residue is separated and purified by chromatography on silica gel column. The obtained compound is ` recrystallized from ethanol to obtain compound (1) which is subsequently purified (yield: ca. 70%).
-; Method ~: Compound (1) is dissolved in DM~ and reacted with ~ Na~I in a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. Then, ,.:', ' ;,, . .
.
' , -3~-20~3~
sodium chloroacetate (n = 1) dissolved in DMF is slowly added dropwise and, after the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is subJected to reaction at 60 - 70C for 12 h.
After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled o~f under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of ethyl ether. The precipi~ate is collected and dried, with compound (2) being separatcd and purifled by chromatography on silica gel column (yield: ca. 35%).
Method ~: Co~pound (1) is dissolved in DMF and reacted with NaH in a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. Then, ~-propiolactone (x = 1) dissolvcd in DMF is slowly added dropwise and, ae-ter the end Or the dropwise addition, the mixture is subJected to reaction at 90 - 100C for 24 h.
After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of ethyl ether. The preclpitate i5 collected and - dricd, with compound (3) being separated and purlfied by chromatography on silica gel column (yield: ca. 40%).
Each of compounds (2) and (3) is dissolved in TIIF and, to the resulting solution, tetrabutylammonium fluoride dissolved in THF is added dropwise at room temperature.
After the end of the dropwise addition, reaction is : performed under reflux for 5 h and, thereafter, the ; precipitate is separated by filtration and repea-tedly washed with acetone to obtain compound (4).
. :
. :
' ' ' ; ' ' . ' . '' ' -~o -2~3~
Compound (4) by method ~ (yleld: ca. 60%) Compound (4) by method ~ (yield: ca. 65%) The end compounds are identlried by suitable methods such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Other CD derlvatives can be synthesized by similar procedures based on the above-described methods.
In the next place, we describe exemplary reaction schemes -~or the synthesis of CD derivatives having at least one hydroxyl group.
.
20~34~
t A ) Mono- (bishydroxy) ~3-CD
(Cl12011)n (Cl12011)n-~ (cll2oll) /~\ TaCQ T /~\ I~ I 1/)~
_I ~ ~,N~ ~ ~ DMI: ' (Cl1011)2n ~ (Cl1011)2n (Cl1011)2n 110 o o ~o~\ (Cl12011~n~ 0 (Cl12011)n-, - CiXC113 X ~ 11~3 110 011 ~
N~ll, DMfi ~ C113 C113 (Cl1011) ~(Cl1011)2n ( 13 ) Di- (bishydroxy) ~-CD
cQ_5gCI12~5-CQ =51= (C11,011)11-02=S=O
~, o ~o ( CllOll ~æ O ( Cl1011 ) 2 n `(Cl12011)n-2 ~ (Cl12011)n-2 --3 /~ Cl 3XC113 X )~ '~\ ~ ' DMfi (CllOII) 2 n --~ > Cll 3 Cll3~ 1~ Cll 3 Cll~
(Cl12011)n-2 ~~ ~ ' : ~ 110 011 L;~ 110 011 ( Cl1011 ) 2 n .
,. . . :
.
.'~ ~.' ' ' . . ~ .
.. i . . .
- . . ..
2~3~
( C ) Flep ta- ( bishydroxy) ~3-CD
(Clli~r) -- \Cl13SO213r C D~ DMI~ / C U
(Cl1011) 2 (Cl~-0/~\ ) (c~ o/~oll) Cl13 Cll3 L~ 11(3 N~ll, DMI~ (Cl1011) 211 (Cl1011~ 2n (D ) Mono-(1;rishYdroxY) t3-CD
L~ ~ TsO /~ ~)n-~. (Cl1011)2n ~3 (Cl1011)2n (Cl1011)2n ~kOXo-C112~ ~Xo-C112~
.Il O 011 11 0~11)1l-, N~ll, DMI~ l Cl~
( Cl1011 ) 211 110 ~011 112 ~ Pd/C IIO~O~H)Il- ~
Cl13CO2H l ~
( CHOH ) 2 n --~l3--( E ) Di- ( trisllydroxy) ~-CD 2 0 S 3 ~ 5 cQ-s~cllz~s - cQ 0=5=0 (Cll ~ t ~o ~,N~ / IC
(Cl1011)21l ~ (C11011)2 loXoll Dlll~ (CllOII) 211 N~ll, DMI~ .
~ ~O~cO-Cllz~ ~CIIz-Ox~
Il' O=~o 11, C D
(CllOII) 211 Q
110 ~011 110011 : Il" Pd/C (Cl12011)n_2 Xoll CII~CO211 L~ ~ , ' (CllOII~ 211 ' ' : ' .' .
., ~ :
: ~ ~ . ' ' , , , ' ',' "' '.
': ' ' . ' '' , : ' ' ' : :
20~3l1~4 ( ~ ) Hep ta - ( 1;r i shydroxY ) ~-CD
(Cl12011)n (Cl12~r) Cll~SO2~r DMI~
(CllOII) 211 (CllOII) 2 '~OxO~Cll2~ ((~cll2~0xox~
~ O 011 /~\
>
N~ll, D~l~ (CllOII) 2n (~) : 110~ ~011 112 ~ Pd/CCl12- 0 ~--011 CII~C0211 L.
(Cl1011) 211 In (A) - (~), n represents 6 - 8.
.
', ' -.
: ' :
-~5-20~34~
The reactions for synthesls described above can specifically be carried out in accordance with the following schemes.
(A) Synthesis of mono-(bishydroxy)~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in dehydrated pyridine at room temperature and, 'co the resulting syste~, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 20C or below. After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is further stirred overnight at room temperature. A-fter the end of the reaction, pyridine is distilled off under vacuum at 40C or below and the residue is reprecipitated from a - large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being collected and recrystallized three times from water (yield-ca. 25%).
The thus obtained ~-CD monotosylate is dissolved in - DMF and reacted with KI overnight at 70 - 80C. After the end o-f the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate bcing collected and recrystallized from an n-butanoliethanol/water system A, (yield: ca. 60%).
Subsequently, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol and NaH are reacted in DMF at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere and, one hour later, the system is heated to 30 - 40C, whereupon ~-CD monoiodide dissolved in DMF is added :`
' ' ' 2~3~5~!
dropwise and, after the end of the dropwise addition, reaction is performed overnight at 90 - 100C. After the end o-f the reaction, DMF ls distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being dissolved in hot methanol, filtered and sub~ected to another reprecipitation from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized with methanol (yield: ca.
30%).
Further, the precipitate is dissolved in acetic acid and, to the resulting solution. a hydrochloric acid/acetic acid (1/1) solution is added dropwise at room temperature and the mixture is stirred for ca. 1 h, followed by concentrating the solvent under vacuum and reprecipitating the residue from a large volume O-e acetone. The precipitate is collected, washed thoroughly with acetone and methanol, . .
and vacuum dried to obtain the end compound (yield: ca.
80%).
(B) Synthesis of di-(bishydroxy)~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in pyridine at room temperature and, to the resulting solution, diphenylmethane p,p'-disulfonYl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 5C.
A~ter the end o~ the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred overnight at 20C or below. After the end of the reactlon, pyridine is distilled ofi under vacuum at 40C or ' ....
-~7-~a3d~
below and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and purifled by repeated recrystallization from water tYield: ca. 15%).
The thus obtained compound is reacted with KI in DMF
overnight at 70 - 80C and, after the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and purified by recrystallization from an n-butanol/ethanol/water system (yield: ca.65%).
Subsequently, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol and Nal-l are reacted in DMF at rOQm temperature in a nitrogcn atmosphere and, one hour later, the system is heated to 30 - 40C, whereupon the precipitate dissolved in DMF is added dropwise and, after thè end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is subJected to reaction overnight at 90 - 100C. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being dissolved in hot ethanol, filtered and subjected to another reprecipitation from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized with ethanol (yield: ca. 20%).
Further, the precipitate is dissolved in acetic acid and, to the resulting solution, a hydrochloric acid/acetic acid (1/1) solution is added dropwise at room temperature . .
---~8--2~3~
and the mixture is stirred for ca. 1 h, followed by concentrating the solvent under vacuum and reprecipitating the residue -from a large volume o-f acetone. The precipitate is collected, washed thorou~hly with acetone and methanol, and vacuum dried to obtain the end compound (yield: ca.
70%).
(C) Synthesis of hepta(bishydroxy)~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in DMF at room temperature and, a~ter the addition of methanesulfonyl bromide, the mixture is stirred at 60 ~ 70C for 24 h. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of methanol. After neutralization, the precipitate is added to ice cooled water, filtered, washed with ice cooled water thoroughly and dried to obtain R-CD heptabromide (yield: ca. 80%).
Subsequently, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol and - NaH are reacted in DMF at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere and, one hour later, the system is heated to 30 - 40C, whereupon ~-CD heptabromide dissolved in DMF is added dropwise and, after the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is sub~ected to reaction overnight at 90 -100C. After the end o~ the reaction, DMF is distilled o~f : under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of diethyl ether, with the precipitate belng ~ dissolved in hot ethanol, -filtered and subJected to another '.,;
:
..
: ~ ' .
_~9_ 2~3~34 reprecipitation from a large volume of dlethyl ether. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized from ethanol (yield: ca. 10%~.
Further, the precipitate is dissolved in acetic acid and, to the resulting solution, a hydrochloric acid/acetic acid (1/1) solution is added dropwise at room temperature and the mixture is stirred for ca. 2 h, ~ollowed by concentrating the solvent under vacuum and reprecipitating the residue from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected, washed thoroughly with acetone and methanol, and vacuum dried to obtain the end compound (yield: ca. `
70%).
(D) Synthesis of mono-(trishydroxy)~-CD
For the synthesis of up to ~-CD monotosylate and ~-CD
monoiodide, see "Synthesis of mono-(bishydroxy)~-CD" under (A).
Subsequently, 2-phenyl-5-benzyloxymethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane and Nall are reacted in DMF at room temperature in a nitrogen stream and, one hour later, the system is heated to 30 - 40C, whereupon ~-CD
;~ monoiodide dissolved in DMF is added dropwise and, after the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is subJected to reaction overnight at 90 - 100C. After the end oP the reaction, DMF is distilled of-f under vacuum and the residue ~-~ is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the . .
.:
.~
' --:- ' .
::
~' 2053~
precipi~a~e being dissolved in hot ethanol, filtered and : subJected to another reprecipitatlon from a large volume o~
acetone. The preclpitate is collected and recrystallized with ethanol (Yield: ca. 15%).
Further, the preclpita-te ls dissolved in acetic acid and hydrogenated by additlon oE 5% Pd/C (under pressure of 5 kg/cm2 at room temperature). Arter Z4-h reaction, Pd/C is separated by filtration and acetlc acid is distilled off under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is washed thoroughly with acetone and methanol and vacuum dried to obtain the end compound (yield: ca. 80%).
(E) Synthesis of di-(trishydroxy)~-CD
For the synthesis o~ ~-CD iodide, see "Synthesis of dl-(bis-hydroxy)~-CD" under (B). The syntl~esls Or compourld and end compound ~ is perrormed in the same manner as ~- described in "Synthesis of mono-(trishydroxy)~-CD under (D).
~: (yield: ca. 5/0) ~: (yield: ca. 80%) (F) Synthesis o-f hepta-(trishydroxy)~-CD
- For the synthesis o-f ~-CD heptabromide, see "Synthesis of hepta-(blshydroxy)~-CD" under (C). The synthesis of compound ~ and end compound ~ is performed in the same manner as described in "Synthesis of di-(bishydroxy)~-CD"
. ,.
:
., ~
.' . ' . , ' . .
.
2~3i~
under (~), except that diethyl ether is used as the solvent for reprecipitation, which is followed by vacuum dryin~.
~: (yield: cn. 5%) ~: (yiel~: ca. ~O~O) The end compounds are identifled by suitable methods such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and el~mental analys i s . . ' Other CD derivatives can be synthesized by similar procedures based on the above-described methods.
The water solubility of the CD derivatives obtained in the manner described above was checked and the results are shown below.
.
- ~:
., ' , : ' ' , .
~; ' , .
. . .
.~ ' .
' . - :
, -5~-2~3~
'I'a~le 1 Wu~er Solu~ y (g/100 ~ 0) ~ _.......... Solu~ y Materlal Nallle (25~C, . g/1001ll1' ~ _ ~-CD 1.85 , Dlmethyl ~-CD 57 Processin~
lIydroxypropyl ~-CD 115 . ~ .. ... ... ~ ~
Monosul~onlc acid ~-CD >400 x = 1 IIep-tasul~ollic acld ~-CD >G00 x = 1 : Disu1ronic acld ~-CD >500 x = 1 . Tetradecasul~onlc acid ~-CD >750 x = 1 : IIenelcosasul~onic acid ~-CD >900 x = 1 Sul~onic acid R-CD accordln~ to Synthesis Schellle (6) >400 .. ~ .. . _. .. _~
Sodium lllonosul~onate ~-CD >500 .
Sodiuul disul~onate ~-CD >G20 Sodium heptasul~onate ~-CD ~750 _ SodiuIII tetradecasulrona~e ~-CD . >820 Sodium heneicosasul~onate ~-CD >950 SodiuIlI sul~onate ~-CD (2) >G00 . .
. _ . ~ . . _ . . .. . _ . . . . _.
Mono~rlme~hyla~lloniulll tchlori~e) ~-CD >200 Di~rimethylalllllloniulll (chloride) ~-CD >250 _ IIep~atrlllle~}lylaIllllloniulll (ch1Orlde) ~-C >400 .
.. .
. ~ ' ' .
2~53~
Monophosphoric acid ~-CD >250 Diphosphoric acid ~-CD >350 _ lleptaphosphoric acid ~-CD >500 Monocarboxyl.ie ACid ~-CD >150 Diearboxylic aeid ~-CD >200 lleptaearboxylie aeid ~-CD >300 when n = 1 Carboxylie aeid ~-CD (D) >250 Bisearboxylie aeid ~-CD >350 .
. . . ~_ Table 1 (Continued) Water Solubility (g/100 ml ll20) , ~ . . ~ _ . . _ Material Name ¦ Solubility 1(25C, g/100 ml H20) -- .. _.,_,.. ~.. _ ~ ~ , .
Sodium monoearboxylate ~-CD \ >200 .
Sodium diearboxylate ~-CD >250 ..
Sodium heptaearboxylate ~-CD >450 _ Sodium tetradeeaearboxylate R-CD >700 ;
Sodium bisearboxylate ~-CD >420 Sodium earboxylate ~-CD (D) >350 Mono-(bishydroxy) ~-CD >120 Di-(bishydroxy) ~-CD >180 _ Hepta-(bishydroxy) ~-CD >280 Mono-(trishydroxy) ~-CD >200 Di-(trishydroxy) ~-CD >250 _ Hepta-(trishydroxy) ~-CD >380 ... ..._ :
. . .
' ',, ' : ;
,'` ' ' ' ' ' , ' .
- s~l -20S3~
As described in detail on the foregoing pages, a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonic acid salt group, an ammonium salt group, a phosphoric acid group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid salt group or a hydroxyl group is lntrodueed positlvely into CD in accordance with the present invention and this achieves a substantial improvement in the solubility of CD in water, thereby providing CD inclusion compounds of high water solubility.
Industrial Applicability The CD derivatives of the present invention which have high water solubility may be useful as chemicals (e.g.
pharmaceuticals and agrichemicals), aromatics, fragrances, cosmetics, detergents, paints, dyes, food additives in foodstuffs, ete.
,.
, , ' .' '
~ -CD is dissolved in dehydrated DMF and sulfamic acid is added to the solution a~ room temperature. Thereafter, reaction is performed at 60 - 70C for 3 h in a nitrogen stream. ~fter the end of the reaction, the product is left to cool to room temperature and DMF is distilled of-f under - vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone and the precipitate being filtered. The precipitate is washed thoroughly with acetone and dried to obtain the end compound (yield: ca. 70~).
Each of the end compounds is identified by suitable methods such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
The following are exemplary reaction schemes for synthesizing CD derivatives having a sulfonic acid salt group.
Synthetic Reaction Schemes:
(1) Monosulfonate ~-CD, heptasulfonate ~-CD, disulfonate ~-CD, tetradecasul~onate ~-CD and heneicosasulfonate ~-CD can be synthesized by the same reactions as for the above-described monosulfonic acid ~-CD, heptasulfonic acid ~-CD, disul-~onic acid ~-CD, tetradecasulfonic acid ~-CD and .
'. .
. . . .
2053~
henelcosasul~onic acld ~-CD, respectively. except that ~ICl treatment is not per-~ormed in the last step.
(2) Synthesis o-f sulfonate ~-CD corresponding to the above-described sulronic ~-CD (6) ~C112011)x (Cll2oll)ll 1 (Cl120SO311) L~ NIIDSO~ ¢~
(CllOII)z1l (CllOII) (CIIOSO~11)211-Y
(Cl12011)x (CII~OSO~N~)n-x NuOII ~
:` ' (CIIoll)y,(CI10SO~NII)2ll~y The reactions for synthcsis described above can speci~ically be carried out in accordance with the schcmes outlined below.
(l) Reaction for the synthesis Or CD derivatives hQving the sulfonlc acid groups described above - By quenching the reactions under (l) - (5) without per-forming the treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid in the ~inal stage, monosul-fonate ~-CD, heptasuli'onate ~-CD, disulfonate ~-CD, tetradecasulfonate ~-CD and henelcosasul~onate ~-CD can be obtained.
(2) Synthesis Or sulfonate ~-CD
The final product Or the above-describcd CD derivative (6) having a sul~onic acid group is dissolved in an aqueous ' ' ' ''' ` ' .:
~' .
: : , . . , ~ !, ~' ' `' : ' . ' ' ' ' . ':
'` ' ` ': . ' ` ` '~
. " ' , ' ': " ` '~' ' ` ' ' , ' .
.
` '"' `. '` ' ` ' ' ' ' ' , , ` , ~63~
solution o-f 2 N NaO~I and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After the end of the reaction, water is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated with ethyl ether (yield: ca. 90%).
In the next place, exemplary reaction schemes for the synthesis of CD derivatives having at least one ammonium salt group are described below.
:
. ' ' , ' :
' ' :
2~3~
(~) Monotriole~hylammonium (chloride) ~-CD (4) /~
rScQ ¦ ~ (may be ~- or -form) TsO~ (Ts: Cll3~s - ) (1) 0 L~ DMI~ N~N3 ¦ DMI~
~R--C D~ N,~
(2) (5) (Cl1~)3N ~¦,DMI~ 112 I PdlC
(3~ D~M ~) ion-exchange resin CQ(~)(CII~ )3 N ~), / k--CD \
(~) ' ' . . : : . ..
,~ ~
:
- ' , 20~3~
~ Ditrimethylammoniun (chloride) ~-CD
/~
C~ - S ~ Cll 2~ S - C~ I ~ (may be ~-8 8 ~1~ or -~orn! j o-s-~ ~30\=s=o . \0~\0 , ~ . I
; ~ DM~ N~N~I DM~
I ~ I N 3~N
(Cll~)~N ¦DM~ 112 ¦Pd~C
I~)(CII~)~N(Cl ~ 1 Nil/)~NII2 DM~
:: ion-exchange resin CQ ( Cl13 )3 N/~ ~N ( Cll 3 ) ~ C~?
;
,: ' .
': . ' .
.
', ' ' ' , 2~63~
(~ lleptatrimethyl~3mmoniulll (chloridc) ~-CD (9) ,B--C D !, Cl13SOz~r ¦ DMI~ (may be (x- or ~-~orm) .~ ~
(C11213r) 7 ~ '.
, (CllOII), (~) (Cl13 ) 3N ¦ Dlll~
~, ( Cll 2N( Cll 3 ) 3 Br ) 7 :' / ~-CD \
~ (CllOII) : (8) : ¦ ion-exchange resin ~ ~, (CII~N(CI13)3C~ )7 . I I ~ .
/ ~--CD \
(CllOII) ~ ~ ;
( 9 ) :.
, ' .:
`20~3~5~
The reactions for synthesls described above can specirlcally be carried out ln accordance with the schemes outlined below.
Synthesis of monotrimethylammonium tchloride) ~-CD
CD is dissolved in pyridine at room temperature and, to the resulting solution. paratoluenesulfonyl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 20C.
After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature and, arter the end o~
the reaction, pyridine is distilled off under vacuum at 40C or below, with the residue being added to a large volume of acetone for effecting repreclpitation. The precipitate is collected and purified by repeatcd recrystallization from water to obtain ~-CD monotosylate (l) (yield: 25%).
The thus obtained ~-CD monotosylate is reacted with KI
in DMF overnight at 70 - 80~C and, a~ter the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is purified by recrystallization from n-butanol/ethanol/water to obtain compound (2) (Yield:
60~).
Further, compound (2) is dissolved in DMF and cooled to 0C. Then, trimethylamine is added at 0C and reaction ~s perrormed at o - 5C for 12 h. ~ter the end Or the ,' ' , ' ' , .
. ' .'; '' ' :
;
-zo-20~3~
reaction, DM~ and triethylamine are distilled of~ under vacuum and khe residue is reprecipitated erom a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized Erom a water /ethanol system to obtaln compound (3) (yield: 60%).
Compound (3) is dissolved in water and passed through an anion-exchange resln of C1 form, whereby monotrimethylammonium (chloride) ~-CD (4) is obtained almost quantltatively (yield: 90~).
~2: Sodium azide is dissolved in water and preYiously obtained compound (1) is added to the resultin~ system.
Subsequently, the mixture is heated at 80 - 90C to perform reaction for 3 h. After being left to cool to room temperature, the reaction mixture is flltered and water is concentrated under vacuum. The residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of methanol. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized from water to obtain compound t5) (yield: 70%).
Further, compound (5) is dissolved in DMF solvent and hydro~enated by addition of a small amount of 10% palladium on carbon tPreSsure: 8 - 10 atm; temperature: 30 - 40C).
Twenty-four hours later, the reaction mixture is left to cool to room temperature and flltered. The solvent is dlstilled of r under vacuum and t e resldue ls . , , 2~53l~4 repreclpitated from a large volume o~ ace-tone. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized erom ~vater /ethanol to obtaln compound (6) tYie1d: 60%).
Subsequently, compound (6) and K2C03 aro dissolved in DM~ and the solution is cooled to 0 - 5C. To thc resulting system, cooled methyl iodide is added and, thereafter, the mixture is subjecteld -to reaction at 30 - 40C -~or 12 h.
After the end of the reaction, the reactlon mixture is le~t to cool to room temperature and DMF and methyl iodlde are distilled o~f under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume o~ acetone. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized -from a water/ethanol system to obtain compound (3) (yield: 25%).
The subsequent procedure is the same as in ~
whereupon monotrimethylammonium (chloride) R-CD (4) is obtained.
Ditrimethylammonium (chloride) R-CD can be synthesized in essentially the same manner as inG~.
Synthesis o~ heptatrimethylammonium (chloride) R-CD
R-CD is dissolved in DMF at room temperature and methanesulfonyl bromide is added to the solution, which is therea-fter stirred at 60 - 70C for 24 h. A~ter the end o~
the reaction, DMF is distilled o~f under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume o~ methanol.
::.
,- .
-2~-2~3~
Further, the precipitate is neutralizcd with a base and added to ice cooled water; after filtration, the preclpitate is washed with ice cooled water and vacuum dried to obtain compound (7) (yield: 80%).
Compound (7) is dissolved in DM~ and cooled to 0C~
Subsequently, trimethylamine is added at 0C and reaction is performed at 0 - 5C for 12 h. After the end of the reaction, DMF and trimethylamine are distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of diethyl ether. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized from a water/ethanol system to obtain : compound (8) (yield: 20%).
: Subsequently, compound (8) is dissolved in water and passed through an anion-exchange resin of Cl form, whereby heptatrimethylammonium (chloride) ~-CD (9) is obtained almost quantitatively (yield: 90%).
The end compounds are identified by suitable methods such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Exemplary reaction schemes for the synthesis of CD
derivatives having at least one phosphoric acid group are described below.
..
, , '''' ' , .: :
.. , : ~ ' ' '' ' :
-~3--2~S3~
(~ Monophosphoric acid ~3-CD;
(Cl12011) 6 (C112011) 6 - ~ TsCQ TsO~L 1~1 I '`) L
L ~ CD \ N ~ T-C~ ~~ / ~
(may be o~- or ~-eorm) ~ ~
~ (CllOII), ~ (CllOII) ('Is- Cl13~S-) O
Cl13 P( OEt )P ~\ Cll 3-S i -Br 110 \ ~( ~C~6 EtO/o / ~--CD~ ~ 110 0 ~1 C D \
(CllOII) I .~ D~ (CllOII) - (El;: C211s--) ; (~) Diphosphoric acid ~-CD (4);
;~\ CQ- S ~ C11 2-~ S-C~ ~
(may be ~- or Y-~orm) _ _ ~
,' , [~U3 '' ~- Kl DMI~ ~) I
(CllOII), ~ (CllOII j, (1) (2) ' :
., ~
: ` 2~53~5~
P(OEt), ~tO\p~p~OEt Cll~-S~ r DME El/o/ ~--~o~OEt Cl13 ( CllOII) " DI~P
(3) o2~ o ~~ ;
(CllOIl),~
~; (11) `'' ~
(~) lleptaphosphoric acid 13-CD;
( C11213r) 7 --- - \ CI13SO2Br ,-J ---~ P(OE
CD \ ---DMI~ ~ DMI~
(may l)e o~- or ~-rorm) (CllOII)~ ~ :
~O OEt Cll:-Si-13r (fl~ P~oll )7 C D \ Cll~ ~ D \
( CllOII ), ~ DME ( ~1100 ) 1 ~
~.
.''' .
. .
. .
. .
.
-2r,-2~31~
The reactions for synthesLs described above can speci~ically be carried out in accordance with the followlng schemes.
Synthesis o~ monophosphoric ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved ln pyridine at room temperature and, to thc resulting solution, paratoluenesulfonyl chlorlde dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 20C.
After the end Oe the dropwise addition, the mixturc is stirred overnight at room temperature and, after the end O-e the reaction, pyridine is distilled Oef at 40C or below, with the residue being added to a large volume of acetone for erfecting reprecipitation. Thc precipitate is collected and purifled by repeated recrystalllzation from water to obtain ~-CD monotosylate (1) (yield: 25%).
The thus obtained ~-CD is reacted with I~I in DMF
overnight at 70 - 80C and, after the end Or the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is purified by recrystallization from n-.
butanol/ethanol/water to obtain compound (2) (yleld: 60%).
Subsequently, the thus obtained ~-CD monoiodide is dissolved in DMF and reacted with trlethyl phosphite at 90 - 100C for 24 h. After the end of the reaction, tricthyl phosphite and DMF are distilled of~ under vacuurn and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, ~' ' .' ' .: .
: ' .
-~6-2~53~
with the precipitate being thoroughly washed with water and the resulting crystal being vacuurn dried.
The crystal is then dissolved ln a small volllme of DMF
and, to the resulting solution, bromotrimethylsilane (BTMS) `!, is added and reaction is performed at 30 - 40C Eor 12 h.
After the end o-f the reaction, BTMS and DMF are distilled : .
off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of diethyl ether, with the precipitate being collected and purified by recrystallization from a chloroform/ethanol system to obtain monophosphoric acid ~-CD (mono-6-dihydroxyphosphonyl-6-deoxy ~-CD) (yield: 35%).
(B) Synthesis of diphosphoric acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in pyridine at room temperature and, to the resulting solution, diphenylmethane p,p'-disulfonyl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 5C.
After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred overnight at 20C or below and, a-fter the end o-f the reaction, pyridine is distilled off at 40C or below and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and purified by repeated recrystallization from water to obtain compound (1) (yield: 15%).
The thus obtained compound (1) is reacted with KI in DMF overnight at 70 - 80C and, after the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue ., . . ' ' ' ,' ' .
2~3~
is reprecipitate~ -~rom a large volume of acetone~ The precipitate is collected and purified by recrystallization from n-butanol/ethanol/water to obtain compound (2) (yleld:
55%).
Subsequently, the thus obtained compound (2) is dissolved in DMF and reacted with triethyl phosphite at 90 - 100C for 24 h. After the end of the reaction, triethyl phosphite and DMF are distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being washed thoroughly with water and the resulting crystal being vacuum dried to obtain compound (3).
Further, the thus obtained compound (3) is dlssolved in a small volume of DMF and, after addition of BTMS, subjected to reaction at 30 - 40C for 12 h. After the end of the reaction, BTMS and DMF are distilled o-ff under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated -from a large volume of diethyl ether, with the precipitate being collected and purified by recrystallization from a chloroform/ekhano~ system to obtain diphosphoric acid ~-CD
(4) (yield: 25%).
(C) Synthesis of heptaphosphoric acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in DMF at room temperature and, a~ter addition of methanesulfonyl bromide, the mixture is stirred at 60 - 70C for 24 h. A~ter the end of the . ' , - - , . . ~
"~
: . :
~ :
2a~3~
reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of methanol.
Subsequently, the precipitate is neutralized with a base, added to ice cooled water and filtered, followed by washin~
the precipitate with ice cooled water and vacuum drying to obtain ~-CD heptabromide (yield: 8Q%).
Subsequently, ~-CD heptabromide is dissolved in DM~
and reacted with triethyl phosphite at 90 - 100C ~or 60 h.
After the end of the reaction, triethyl phosphite and DMF
are distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being collected and thoroughly washed with water and the resultin~ crystal being vacuum dried.
Further, the crystal is dissolved in a small volume of DMF and, after addition of bromotrimethylsilane (BTMS), subJected to reaction at 30 - 40~C for 30 h. After the end of the reaction, BTMS and DMF are distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of THF, with the precipitate being collected and purified by recrystallization from a chloroform/ethanol - system to obtain heptaphosphoric acid ~-CD (yield: 10%).
The end compounds can be identified by suitable methods such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
' : . . .
2~3~
Exemplary reaction schemes for the synthesis of CD
derivatives having at least one carboxyl group or carboxylic acid salt group are described below.
- , : . ' ~ ' , , : ' . , , :
", ' ' ,' ~ ' . ' (A) Monoc~rboxylic acld ~-CD;
(Cl12011)6 (C112011) 6 C D\ ~ TsO /~ ~G D\ ~ 1/)~\
,~N~, DMI~
l~J (CllOII),~ (Cll~
N~OOC~CI12~nO~I)G I100C~C112~nO~
llotcll2~cooll /~B--C D\ 11(33 /~--C D\
> , ~
Dl`il~, N~ll (CllOII),., (CllOII),., ( B ) Dicarboxylic acid ~-CD;
~ CQ-SI~C112~5l-CQ =51~(`11 0~-1=0 -~ /~\ N - > O~\o ~ ~3 (CllOII), ~
~' ~ (1) .
(Cl12011)s,~ (Cl12~11)s .; - ~/~R~ I N~ooctcllztno~\otcllz~cooNa ' I ' IIO~CI12~C0011 ~ 1-~
~: ~ (CllOII) , ~ DMI~, N~ll (CllOII) , ~- (2) (3 : (C~2011)~
1~33 HOOCtCH2~nO ~ O~CI12~ COOH
-. > , I
(CHOII~, ' (~) : ' .
... .
... .
. ~
. , ' .
-31.-2~3~
(C) Eleptacarboxylic acid R-CD;
(Cl12Ur)7 CII~SO213r , I
C D\ ~ C~
( Cl1011 ) I ~
[C112-OtC112~ COON~]7 [Cll2-otcll2~ncooll]7 -tcll2~cooll /= 11(3~) /~\ .
DM~, N~ll (Cl101~ (Cl~O~
where n = 1 - 3 and CD may be in either ~- or ~-form.
(D) (Cllz)ll lcll2o-cll2tcll2~icooNa3ln-x ~Nall IIZC~o~C=o ~OII)x L~ Dt~ > / C D
CllOII ) 2~n ¦ ( CllOII ) y CD~ In--7 ~ lcllo-cll2tcli2~cooN~}2M-y \ ~--CD- ~ In=~l J {Cl120-C112tcll2~;cOoll~M-x strong acidic ~3 ~011 ) x : ion-exchange resin D / C D \
( CllOll ) y ~C ,llo-cll2tcll2t~icool~} In y * where n 1 - 4 n--1 ~-propiolactone [~
:~ n=2 ~-butyrolactone ~ O
: ~1=3 ~S-valerolac~,one ~ O
n=4 ~-carprolactone Cl12~0 (Cll 2)~-CO
~. .
; ~ , --3~-2~3~
( E ) (C112011)11 (C112(0c11xoc 11 C02C2115 n ~ ~CO2C211s . 2 2 I~<f.n ,~ " )n-x --\ N~ll ur~2~n I~ 1l ~ I ~U2-,211s r n \ ~u2~2~5 ~ ~
> / C D \
(Cl1011)21l . (CllOC 11 ~C2C2115 . (I ~11011) 2 'I \C02C2115 )2n-Y
` ' .
( lcll2(ocl12xoc2ll4~co2ll )n-x Cll ~ ON~ CO 211 C113011 1 l 1 \
. I (CIIOC2114-<CCoO2ll )2n-Y
(E;`) C113 (C112011)ll N ICII, (Cl120-Si~t~~l)n L~ DMI~ 113 (Cl1011) 2n (Cl12011) 2n ICI13 ( 1 ) CQ(CI12)nCO2NQ (Cl120-Si-L-~n)n N~ DMF 1 Cll3 / CD ~
, . ~
~CIIO(CI12 )IlC02N~} 2n \ (n-C~119 )N 1~ r~l)n ( 2 ) /~Tlll~ L~
- ~CIIO(CI12 )nCOzN~) 2n (xcl) C113 ~0~ (cll2o-si-t-n~l),l ( ~ ) -NQII~ DMI~ 1 Cll3 / CD \
~CIIO(CI12)nCO2N~), i (3) In (E) and (F), n ls 6 ~ 8.
2~34~
The reactions for synthesis descrlbed above can specifically be carrled ou-t in accordance with the eollowing schemes.
(A) Synthesis o~ monocarboxylic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in dehydrated pyridine at room temperature and, to the resulting system, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 20C or below. After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is further stirred overnight at room temperature. After the end of the reaction, pyridine is distilled of-f under vacuum at 40C or below and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, wi-th the precipitate being collected and recrystallized three times from water (yield:
ca. 25%).
The thus obtained ~-CD monotosylate is dissolved in DMF and reacted with KI overnight at a temperature of 70 -: :
80C. After the cnd of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being collected and recrystallized from an n-butanol/ethanol/water system (yield: ca. 60%).
: Subsequently, glycolic acid (n = 1) and NaH are reactcd in DMF at room temperature in a nitrogen stream and, one hour later, the system is heated to a temperature oi 30 - 40C, whereupon ~-CD monoiodlde dissolved in DMF is .
, , '.... , ' .: . ~ ~, ' ' " "' ' 20~3~
added drcpwise and~ after the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is subjected to reaction overnight at 90 -100C. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being dissolved in hot methanol and filtered, followed by anothcr reprecipitation from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected, dissolved in water and treated with a strong acidic ion-exchange resin to obtain the end compound (yield: ca. 35%).
(B) Synthesis of dicarboxylic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in pyridlne at room temperature and, to the resulting solution, dlphenylmethane p,p'-disulfonyl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 5C.
After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred overnight at 20C or below. After the end of the reaction, pyridine is distilled off undcr vacuum at 40C or below and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and purified by repeated recrystallization ~rom water to obtain compound (1) (yield: ca. 15%).
The thus obtained compound (1) is reacted with KI in DMF overnight at a temperature of 70 - 8~C and, after the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled of~ under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of 20~3~
acetone. The precipitate is collected and puriried by recrystallization from an n-butanol/ethanol/water system to obtain compound (2) (Yield: ca. 55%).
Subsequently, glycolic acid and Na~l are reacted in DMF
at room temperature in a nitrogen strea~ and, one hour later, the system is hea-ted to 30 - 40C, whereupon the compound ~2) dissolved in DMF is added dropwise and, after the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is subJected to reaction overnight at a temperature of 90 - 100C. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being dissolved in hot ethanol, filtered and sub~ected to another precipitation from a large volume of acetone to obtain compound (3). The precipitate is collected, dissolved in water and treated with a strong acidic ion-exchange resin to obtain compound (4) (yield: ca. 20%).
(C) Synthesis of heptacarboxylic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in DMF at room temperature and, after addition of methanesulfonyl bromide, the mixture is stirred at 60 - 70C ~or 24 h. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of methanol. After neutralization, the precipitate is added to ice cooled ~ ' ~ ' .
- , " .
,;
' ~ :
`' " ;' ' 2~3~
water, filtered, washed thorou~hly with ice cooled water and dried to obtain ~-CD heptabromide (yield: ca. 80%)~
Subsequently, glycolic acid (n = 1) and Na~I are reacted in DMF at room temperature in a nitrogen stream and, one hour later, the system is heated to a temperature o-f 30 - 40C, whereupon ~-CD heptabromide dissolved in DMF
is added dropwise and, a~ter the end o~ the dropwise addition, the mixture is subjected to reaction overnight at a temperature of 90 - 100C. After the end o~ the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipltated from a large volume Or diethyl ether, with the precipitate being dissolved in hot ethanol, filtered and subjected to another reprecipitation from a large volume of diethyl ether. The precipitate is collected, dissolved in water and treated with a strong acidic ion-exchange resin to obtain the end compound (yield: ca. 10%).
(D) ~-CD is-dissolved in dehydrated DMF and reacted with NaII in a nitrogen stream. A~ter stirring ~or 1 h at room temperature, the system is heated to 60 - 70C. With the -temperature held at that level, a solution of ~-propiolactone (n = 1) in DMF is slowly added dropwise.
After the end of the dropwise addition, the system 1s further heated to 100C and subjected to reaction for 12 h at that temperature. After the end o~ -the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is :. .
. , - : , -:: . . :, ~
2~3~
reprecipitated from a large volume o~ acetone. The precipitate is dissolved in hot methanol, filtered and subJected to another reprecipitation from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate ls collected, dissolved in water and treated with a strong acidic ion-exchange resin to obtain the end compound (yield: 75%).
(E) Synthesis of biscarboxylic acid ~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in dehydrated DMF and reacted with NaH in a nitrogen stream. After stirring for 1 h at room temperature, the system is heated to 60 - 70C. With the temperature held at that level, a solution of diethyl 2-bromoethylmalonate in DMF is slowly added dropwise. After the end of the dropwise addition, the system is further heated to 100C and subjected to reaction for 12 h that temperature. After the end of the reaction, DM~ is distilled of~ under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate ~s separated by filtration, dried and thereafter dissolved in methanol, with a solution of sodium alcolate in methanol being added dropwise to the system, followed by reaction at room temperature for 24 h. After the end of the reaction, the precipitate is separated by filtration and a strong acidic ion-exchange resin is added to the filtrate, followed by stirring for 1 h. After concentratin~ methanol, the residue is reprecipitated from ' ~:, . .
; ~ . . ,' . . ~.' . :
' ' ~ ' . ' ' : '" . . ;' ' .
.. . . .
2 ~
a large volume of acetone. Tho precipitate is filtered and dricd to obtain the end compound (yield: ca. 60%).
~ 'e now describe the synthesls Or CD dcrivatives having carboxylic acid salt ~roups.
As for the synthesis of mono-, di- and heptacarboxylic acld salt ~-CD corresponding to tA) - (D~ described above, as well as carboxylic acid salt ~-CD (D), the end compounds can be obtained by repeating the reaction schemes for (A) -(D) except that the treatment with a strong acidic ion-exchange resin in the last step is omitted.
Synthesis of (F) tetradecacarboxylic acid salt ~-CD
can be performed in the following manner.
(F) Synthesis of tetradecacarboxylic acid salt R-CD
~ -CD and imidazole are dissolved in DMF at room temperature and, to the resulting solution, t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride dissolved in DMF is added dropwise. After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 6 h and, after the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled of~ under vacuwn and the residue is separated and purified by chromatography on silica gel column. The obtained compound is ` recrystallized from ethanol to obtain compound (1) which is subsequently purified (yield: ca. 70%).
-; Method ~: Compound (1) is dissolved in DM~ and reacted with ~ Na~I in a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. Then, ,.:', ' ;,, . .
.
' , -3~-20~3~
sodium chloroacetate (n = 1) dissolved in DMF is slowly added dropwise and, after the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is subJected to reaction at 60 - 70C for 12 h.
After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled o~f under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of ethyl ether. The precipi~ate is collected and dried, with compound (2) being separatcd and purifled by chromatography on silica gel column (yield: ca. 35%).
Method ~: Co~pound (1) is dissolved in DMF and reacted with NaH in a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. Then, ~-propiolactone (x = 1) dissolvcd in DMF is slowly added dropwise and, ae-ter the end Or the dropwise addition, the mixture is subJected to reaction at 90 - 100C for 24 h.
After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of ethyl ether. The preclpitate i5 collected and - dricd, with compound (3) being separated and purlfied by chromatography on silica gel column (yield: ca. 40%).
Each of compounds (2) and (3) is dissolved in TIIF and, to the resulting solution, tetrabutylammonium fluoride dissolved in THF is added dropwise at room temperature.
After the end of the dropwise addition, reaction is : performed under reflux for 5 h and, thereafter, the ; precipitate is separated by filtration and repea-tedly washed with acetone to obtain compound (4).
. :
. :
' ' ' ; ' ' . ' . '' ' -~o -2~3~
Compound (4) by method ~ (yleld: ca. 60%) Compound (4) by method ~ (yield: ca. 65%) The end compounds are identlried by suitable methods such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Other CD derlvatives can be synthesized by similar procedures based on the above-described methods.
In the next place, we describe exemplary reaction schemes -~or the synthesis of CD derivatives having at least one hydroxyl group.
.
20~34~
t A ) Mono- (bishydroxy) ~3-CD
(Cl12011)n (Cl12011)n-~ (cll2oll) /~\ TaCQ T /~\ I~ I 1/)~
_I ~ ~,N~ ~ ~ DMI: ' (Cl1011)2n ~ (Cl1011)2n (Cl1011)2n 110 o o ~o~\ (Cl12011~n~ 0 (Cl12011)n-, - CiXC113 X ~ 11~3 110 011 ~
N~ll, DMfi ~ C113 C113 (Cl1011) ~(Cl1011)2n ( 13 ) Di- (bishydroxy) ~-CD
cQ_5gCI12~5-CQ =51= (C11,011)11-02=S=O
~, o ~o ( CllOll ~æ O ( Cl1011 ) 2 n `(Cl12011)n-2 ~ (Cl12011)n-2 --3 /~ Cl 3XC113 X )~ '~\ ~ ' DMfi (CllOII) 2 n --~ > Cll 3 Cll3~ 1~ Cll 3 Cll~
(Cl12011)n-2 ~~ ~ ' : ~ 110 011 L;~ 110 011 ( Cl1011 ) 2 n .
,. . . :
.
.'~ ~.' ' ' . . ~ .
.. i . . .
- . . ..
2~3~
( C ) Flep ta- ( bishydroxy) ~3-CD
(Clli~r) -- \Cl13SO213r C D~ DMI~ / C U
(Cl1011) 2 (Cl~-0/~\ ) (c~ o/~oll) Cl13 Cll3 L~ 11(3 N~ll, DMI~ (Cl1011) 211 (Cl1011~ 2n (D ) Mono-(1;rishYdroxY) t3-CD
L~ ~ TsO /~ ~)n-~. (Cl1011)2n ~3 (Cl1011)2n (Cl1011)2n ~kOXo-C112~ ~Xo-C112~
.Il O 011 11 0~11)1l-, N~ll, DMI~ l Cl~
( Cl1011 ) 211 110 ~011 112 ~ Pd/C IIO~O~H)Il- ~
Cl13CO2H l ~
( CHOH ) 2 n --~l3--( E ) Di- ( trisllydroxy) ~-CD 2 0 S 3 ~ 5 cQ-s~cllz~s - cQ 0=5=0 (Cll ~ t ~o ~,N~ / IC
(Cl1011)21l ~ (C11011)2 loXoll Dlll~ (CllOII) 211 N~ll, DMI~ .
~ ~O~cO-Cllz~ ~CIIz-Ox~
Il' O=~o 11, C D
(CllOII) 211 Q
110 ~011 110011 : Il" Pd/C (Cl12011)n_2 Xoll CII~CO211 L~ ~ , ' (CllOII~ 211 ' ' : ' .' .
., ~ :
: ~ ~ . ' ' , , , ' ',' "' '.
': ' ' . ' '' , : ' ' ' : :
20~3l1~4 ( ~ ) Hep ta - ( 1;r i shydroxY ) ~-CD
(Cl12011)n (Cl12~r) Cll~SO2~r DMI~
(CllOII) 211 (CllOII) 2 '~OxO~Cll2~ ((~cll2~0xox~
~ O 011 /~\
>
N~ll, D~l~ (CllOII) 2n (~) : 110~ ~011 112 ~ Pd/CCl12- 0 ~--011 CII~C0211 L.
(Cl1011) 211 In (A) - (~), n represents 6 - 8.
.
', ' -.
: ' :
-~5-20~34~
The reactions for synthesls described above can specifically be carried out in accordance with the following schemes.
(A) Synthesis of mono-(bishydroxy)~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in dehydrated pyridine at room temperature and, 'co the resulting syste~, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 20C or below. After the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is further stirred overnight at room temperature. A-fter the end of the reaction, pyridine is distilled off under vacuum at 40C or below and the residue is reprecipitated from a - large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being collected and recrystallized three times from water (yield-ca. 25%).
The thus obtained ~-CD monotosylate is dissolved in - DMF and reacted with KI overnight at 70 - 80C. After the end o-f the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate bcing collected and recrystallized from an n-butanoliethanol/water system A, (yield: ca. 60%).
Subsequently, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol and NaH are reacted in DMF at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere and, one hour later, the system is heated to 30 - 40C, whereupon ~-CD monoiodide dissolved in DMF is added :`
' ' ' 2~3~5~!
dropwise and, after the end of the dropwise addition, reaction is performed overnight at 90 - 100C. After the end o-f the reaction, DMF ls distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being dissolved in hot methanol, filtered and sub~ected to another reprecipitation from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized with methanol (yield: ca.
30%).
Further, the precipitate is dissolved in acetic acid and, to the resulting solution. a hydrochloric acid/acetic acid (1/1) solution is added dropwise at room temperature and the mixture is stirred for ca. 1 h, followed by concentrating the solvent under vacuum and reprecipitating the residue from a large volume O-e acetone. The precipitate is collected, washed thoroughly with acetone and methanol, . .
and vacuum dried to obtain the end compound (yield: ca.
80%).
(B) Synthesis of di-(bishydroxy)~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in pyridine at room temperature and, to the resulting solution, diphenylmethane p,p'-disulfonYl chloride dissolved in pyridine is added dropwise at 5C.
A~ter the end o~ the dropwise addition, the mixture is stirred overnight at 20C or below. After the end of the reactlon, pyridine is distilled ofi under vacuum at 40C or ' ....
-~7-~a3d~
below and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and purifled by repeated recrystallization from water tYield: ca. 15%).
The thus obtained compound is reacted with KI in DMF
overnight at 70 - 80C and, after the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and purified by recrystallization from an n-butanol/ethanol/water system (yield: ca.65%).
Subsequently, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol and Nal-l are reacted in DMF at rOQm temperature in a nitrogcn atmosphere and, one hour later, the system is heated to 30 - 40C, whereupon the precipitate dissolved in DMF is added dropwise and, after thè end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is subJected to reaction overnight at 90 - 100C. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the precipitate being dissolved in hot ethanol, filtered and subjected to another reprecipitation from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized with ethanol (yield: ca. 20%).
Further, the precipitate is dissolved in acetic acid and, to the resulting solution, a hydrochloric acid/acetic acid (1/1) solution is added dropwise at room temperature . .
---~8--2~3~
and the mixture is stirred for ca. 1 h, followed by concentrating the solvent under vacuum and reprecipitating the residue -from a large volume o-f acetone. The precipitate is collected, washed thorou~hly with acetone and methanol, and vacuum dried to obtain the end compound (yield: ca.
70%).
(C) Synthesis of hepta(bishydroxy)~-CD
~ -CD is dissolved in DMF at room temperature and, a~ter the addition of methanesulfonyl bromide, the mixture is stirred at 60 ~ 70C for 24 h. After the end of the reaction, DMF is distilled off under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of methanol. After neutralization, the precipitate is added to ice cooled water, filtered, washed with ice cooled water thoroughly and dried to obtain R-CD heptabromide (yield: ca. 80%).
Subsequently, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol and - NaH are reacted in DMF at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere and, one hour later, the system is heated to 30 - 40C, whereupon ~-CD heptabromide dissolved in DMF is added dropwise and, after the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is sub~ected to reaction overnight at 90 -100C. After the end o~ the reaction, DMF is distilled o~f : under vacuum and the residue is reprecipitated from a large volume of diethyl ether, with the precipitate belng ~ dissolved in hot ethanol, -filtered and subJected to another '.,;
:
..
: ~ ' .
_~9_ 2~3~34 reprecipitation from a large volume of dlethyl ether. The precipitate is collected and recrystallized from ethanol (yield: ca. 10%~.
Further, the precipitate is dissolved in acetic acid and, to the resulting solution, a hydrochloric acid/acetic acid (1/1) solution is added dropwise at room temperature and the mixture is stirred for ca. 2 h, ~ollowed by concentrating the solvent under vacuum and reprecipitating the residue from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is collected, washed thoroughly with acetone and methanol, and vacuum dried to obtain the end compound (yield: ca. `
70%).
(D) Synthesis of mono-(trishydroxy)~-CD
For the synthesis of up to ~-CD monotosylate and ~-CD
monoiodide, see "Synthesis of mono-(bishydroxy)~-CD" under (A).
Subsequently, 2-phenyl-5-benzyloxymethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane and Nall are reacted in DMF at room temperature in a nitrogen stream and, one hour later, the system is heated to 30 - 40C, whereupon ~-CD
;~ monoiodide dissolved in DMF is added dropwise and, after the end of the dropwise addition, the mixture is subJected to reaction overnight at 90 - 100C. After the end oP the reaction, DMF is distilled of-f under vacuum and the residue ~-~ is reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone, with the . .
.:
.~
' --:- ' .
::
~' 2053~
precipi~a~e being dissolved in hot ethanol, filtered and : subJected to another reprecipitatlon from a large volume o~
acetone. The preclpitate is collected and recrystallized with ethanol (Yield: ca. 15%).
Further, the preclpita-te ls dissolved in acetic acid and hydrogenated by additlon oE 5% Pd/C (under pressure of 5 kg/cm2 at room temperature). Arter Z4-h reaction, Pd/C is separated by filtration and acetlc acid is distilled off under vacuum, with the residue being reprecipitated from a large volume of acetone. The precipitate is washed thoroughly with acetone and methanol and vacuum dried to obtain the end compound (yield: ca. 80%).
(E) Synthesis of di-(trishydroxy)~-CD
For the synthesis o~ ~-CD iodide, see "Synthesis of dl-(bis-hydroxy)~-CD" under (B). The syntl~esls Or compourld and end compound ~ is perrormed in the same manner as ~- described in "Synthesis of mono-(trishydroxy)~-CD under (D).
~: (yield: ca. 5/0) ~: (yield: ca. 80%) (F) Synthesis o-f hepta-(trishydroxy)~-CD
- For the synthesis o-f ~-CD heptabromide, see "Synthesis of hepta-(blshydroxy)~-CD" under (C). The synthesis of compound ~ and end compound ~ is performed in the same manner as described in "Synthesis of di-(bishydroxy)~-CD"
. ,.
:
., ~
.' . ' . , ' . .
.
2~3i~
under (~), except that diethyl ether is used as the solvent for reprecipitation, which is followed by vacuum dryin~.
~: (yield: cn. 5%) ~: (yiel~: ca. ~O~O) The end compounds are identifled by suitable methods such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and el~mental analys i s . . ' Other CD derivatives can be synthesized by similar procedures based on the above-described methods.
The water solubility of the CD derivatives obtained in the manner described above was checked and the results are shown below.
.
- ~:
., ' , : ' ' , .
~; ' , .
. . .
.~ ' .
' . - :
, -5~-2~3~
'I'a~le 1 Wu~er Solu~ y (g/100 ~ 0) ~ _.......... Solu~ y Materlal Nallle (25~C, . g/1001ll1' ~ _ ~-CD 1.85 , Dlmethyl ~-CD 57 Processin~
lIydroxypropyl ~-CD 115 . ~ .. ... ... ~ ~
Monosul~onlc acid ~-CD >400 x = 1 IIep-tasul~ollic acld ~-CD >G00 x = 1 : Disu1ronic acld ~-CD >500 x = 1 . Tetradecasul~onlc acid ~-CD >750 x = 1 : IIenelcosasul~onic acid ~-CD >900 x = 1 Sul~onic acid R-CD accordln~ to Synthesis Schellle (6) >400 .. ~ .. . _. .. _~
Sodium lllonosul~onate ~-CD >500 .
Sodiuul disul~onate ~-CD >G20 Sodium heptasul~onate ~-CD ~750 _ SodiuIII tetradecasulrona~e ~-CD . >820 Sodium heneicosasul~onate ~-CD >950 SodiuIlI sul~onate ~-CD (2) >G00 . .
. _ . ~ . . _ . . .. . _ . . . . _.
Mono~rlme~hyla~lloniulll tchlori~e) ~-CD >200 Di~rimethylalllllloniulll (chloride) ~-CD >250 _ IIep~atrlllle~}lylaIllllloniulll (ch1Orlde) ~-C >400 .
.. .
. ~ ' ' .
2~53~
Monophosphoric acid ~-CD >250 Diphosphoric acid ~-CD >350 _ lleptaphosphoric acid ~-CD >500 Monocarboxyl.ie ACid ~-CD >150 Diearboxylic aeid ~-CD >200 lleptaearboxylie aeid ~-CD >300 when n = 1 Carboxylie aeid ~-CD (D) >250 Bisearboxylie aeid ~-CD >350 .
. . . ~_ Table 1 (Continued) Water Solubility (g/100 ml ll20) , ~ . . ~ _ . . _ Material Name ¦ Solubility 1(25C, g/100 ml H20) -- .. _.,_,.. ~.. _ ~ ~ , .
Sodium monoearboxylate ~-CD \ >200 .
Sodium diearboxylate ~-CD >250 ..
Sodium heptaearboxylate ~-CD >450 _ Sodium tetradeeaearboxylate R-CD >700 ;
Sodium bisearboxylate ~-CD >420 Sodium earboxylate ~-CD (D) >350 Mono-(bishydroxy) ~-CD >120 Di-(bishydroxy) ~-CD >180 _ Hepta-(bishydroxy) ~-CD >280 Mono-(trishydroxy) ~-CD >200 Di-(trishydroxy) ~-CD >250 _ Hepta-(trishydroxy) ~-CD >380 ... ..._ :
. . .
' ',, ' : ;
,'` ' ' ' ' ' , ' .
- s~l -20S3~
As described in detail on the foregoing pages, a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonic acid salt group, an ammonium salt group, a phosphoric acid group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid salt group or a hydroxyl group is lntrodueed positlvely into CD in accordance with the present invention and this achieves a substantial improvement in the solubility of CD in water, thereby providing CD inclusion compounds of high water solubility.
Industrial Applicability The CD derivatives of the present invention which have high water solubility may be useful as chemicals (e.g.
pharmaceuticals and agrichemicals), aromatics, fragrances, cosmetics, detergents, paints, dyes, food additives in foodstuffs, ete.
,.
, , ' .' '
Claims (8)
1. A cyclodextrin derivative having at least one group selected from among a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonic acid salt group, a phosphoric acid group, an ammonium salt group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid salt group and a hydroxyl group.
2. A cyclodextrin derivative according to claim 1 wherein said at least one group is selected from among a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonic acid salt group and a phosphoric acid group.
3. A cyclodextrin derivative according to claim 1 wherein the hydroxyl group is a bishydroxyl group or a trishydroxyl group.
4. A cyclodextrin derivative having 1, 2, 7, 14 or 21 sulfonic acid groups or sulfonic acid salt groups.
5. A cyclodextrin derivative having 1, 2 or 7 phosphoric acid groups.
6. A cyclodextrin derivative having 1, 2, 7 or 14 carboxyl groups or carboxylic acid salt groups.
7. A cyclodextrin derivative according to claim 6 wherein the carboxyl group or carboxylic acid salt group is a biscarboxyl group or a biscarboxylic acid salt group.
8. A cyclodextrin derivative having 1, 2 or 7 ammonium salt groups.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP13051190A JPH0680706A (en) | 1990-05-21 | 1990-05-21 | Cyclodextrin derivative |
JP130511/1990 | 1990-05-21 | ||
JP19546790A JPH0481401A (en) | 1990-07-24 | 1990-07-24 | Cyclodextrin derivative |
JP195468/1990 | 1990-07-24 | ||
JP195467/1990 | 1990-07-24 | ||
JP19546890A JPH0481402A (en) | 1990-07-24 | 1990-07-24 | Cyclodextrin derivative |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2063454A1 true CA2063454A1 (en) | 1991-11-22 |
Family
ID=27316128
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002063454A Abandoned CA2063454A1 (en) | 1990-05-21 | 1991-05-20 | Cyclodextrin derivatives |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5241059A (en) |
EP (3) | EP0485614B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR927003645A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2063454A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69127256T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991018022A1 (en) |
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- 1991-05-20 KR KR1019920700037A patent/KR927003645A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-05-20 WO PCT/JP1991/000666 patent/WO1991018022A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-05-20 DE DE69127256T patent/DE69127256T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-20 CA CA002063454A patent/CA2063454A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-05-20 EP EP91909367A patent/EP0485614B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-20 EP EP95119260A patent/EP0710673A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-05-25 EP EP95119259A patent/EP0710672A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1991018022A1 (en) | 1991-11-28 |
US5241059A (en) | 1993-08-31 |
EP0485614B1 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
DE69127256T2 (en) | 1998-02-12 |
DE69127256D1 (en) | 1997-09-18 |
EP0710672A3 (en) | 1996-09-04 |
EP0710673A2 (en) | 1996-05-08 |
EP0485614A1 (en) | 1992-05-20 |
KR927003645A (en) | 1992-12-18 |
EP0485614A4 (en) | 1993-09-22 |
EP0710673A3 (en) | 1996-08-07 |
EP0710672A2 (en) | 1996-05-08 |
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