CA2056547A1 - Deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper - Google Patents
Deinking agent for reclaiming waste paperInfo
- Publication number
- CA2056547A1 CA2056547A1 CA 2056547 CA2056547A CA2056547A1 CA 2056547 A1 CA2056547 A1 CA 2056547A1 CA 2056547 CA2056547 CA 2056547 CA 2056547 A CA2056547 A CA 2056547A CA 2056547 A1 CA2056547 A1 CA 2056547A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- carbon atoms
- fatty acid
- alkylene oxide
- polyhydric alcohol
- ester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/64—Paper recycling
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper comprises (A) (1) a polyoxyalkylene adduct of a higher fatty acid ester of polyhydric alcohol, which ester has one to three terminal OH groups, wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, the polyhydric alcohol has at least 4 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200 and the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or (2) a higher fatty acid ester of a polyoxyalkylene adduct of polyhydric alcohol wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200, the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the ester has one to three terminal OH
groups; or comprises (A) the foregoing compound; and (B) a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ester or fatty acid. The deinking agent has various excellent properties, for instance, has excellent ability of removing or collecting inks included in pulp fibers of newspaper, magazines, colored wood-free paper and paper for recording information as well as various waste paper printed with inks such as offset inks, inks for typographic printing and toner inks and can provide high quality reclaimed pulp having high whiteness and a low content of remaning ink and which does not look dark and dull. Further, it can impart stable and trouble-free operability to the deinking process.
groups; or comprises (A) the foregoing compound; and (B) a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ester or fatty acid. The deinking agent has various excellent properties, for instance, has excellent ability of removing or collecting inks included in pulp fibers of newspaper, magazines, colored wood-free paper and paper for recording information as well as various waste paper printed with inks such as offset inks, inks for typographic printing and toner inks and can provide high quality reclaimed pulp having high whiteness and a low content of remaning ink and which does not look dark and dull. Further, it can impart stable and trouble-free operability to the deinking process.
Description
20t;6547 SPECIFICATION
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
Deinking Agent for Reclaiming Waste Paper BACKGRO~ND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper used in preparing reclaimed pulp from printed waste paper and more specifically to a deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper which is used in deinking printed waste paper such as newspaper, magazine, colored wood-free paper, leaflet and information magazine through, for instance, flotation method and which can provide high quality reclaimed pulp having high whiteness and a low remaining ink content.
As the feedstock for papermaking is exnausted, it has been known for a long time that pulp is reclaimed from printed waste paper to reuse the resulting reclaimed pulp as a feedstock for papermaking. In particular, recently the recycle of waste paper has been increasingly important and the resulting reclaimed pulp has widely been used in various fields from the viewpoint of effective use of various resources and of the environmental protection.
Incidentally, there has widely been adopted, for reclaiming printed waste paper, a method comprising disintegrating pulp in the presence of an alkaline agent such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium silicate, a deinking agent and an optional bleaching agent such as hydrogen peroxide or a hypochlorite, usually in a disintegrator such as a pulper to remove inks rrom the pulp and then separating the removed inks from the pulp slurry through flotation. However, such a deinking treatment of printed waste paper has been more and more difficult since the diversity of printing techniques is increased recently.
Deinking agents conventionally used are, for instance, anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzenesulfonates, a -olefinsulfonates, higher alcohol sulfate salts and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates;
and nonionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of higher alcohols, alkylphenols and fatty acids. These deinking agents have in general been used alone or in any combination optionally along with an alkaline agent, a bleaching agent and further a chelating agent such as EDTA or DTPA. However, these deinking agents are insufficient in the ability of collecting ink and ink-removing properties and thus they cannot provide high quality reclaiming pulp having high whiteness and a low content of remaining ink.
Moreover, a great deal of offset paper has been recently used. In the offset paper, a special ink is used, which comprises a drying oil and a thermosetting resin as a vehicle, and which is hardened by the action of light rays and heat. Correspondingly, it is difficult to deink by the use of the foregoing deinking agents.
On the other hand, deinking devices have also been variously improved to enhance the deinking efficiency. For instance, there have been proposed methods in which a kneader, a refiner and a disperser are used. If these devices are employed, ink removed from waste paper and dispersed in a slurry has a strong tendency of being finely pulverized.
In this case, therefore, the effective removal of such finely pulverized ink particles from the pulp slurry requires the use of a deinking agent having high ability of collecting ink during flotation.
However, the foregoing conventional deinking agents are insufficient in ability of collecting ink particles during the flotation and correspondingly these methods cannot provide reclaimed pulp having high whiteness. Further, there have also been known fatty acids and salts thereof having good ability of collecting an ink, but the ink-removing power thereof is low. Thus, the resulting reclaimed pulp has a high content of remaining ink.
Recently, there have likewise been proposed a variety of deinking agents such as alkylene oxide adducts of fatty acids (Ja~?anese ~lnexamined Patent Publication (hereinafter referred to as "J.P. KOKAI") Nos. Sho 58-109696 and Sho 59-130400); a reaction product of a mixture comprising natural fats and oils and a polyhydric alcohol having not less than three OH groups with an alkylene oxide (J.P. KOKAI No. Sho 60-239585); a mixture of the foregoing reaction product and a fatty acid (Japanese Patent Publication for Opposition Purpose (hereinafter referrd to as "J.P. KOKOKU") No. Hei 1-14356); and a mixture of the foregoing reaction product, an alkylene oxide adduct of a higher alcohol and an optional polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether sulfate (J.P. KOKOKU No.
Hei 1-59393). However, the use of such an alkylene oxide adduct of a fatty acid does not necessarily provide well-satisfied reclaimed pulp, while the foregoing reaction product or mixtures containing the same can provide reclaimed pulp having high whiteness, but the resulting reclaimed paper looks "dark and dull" and hiqh quality reclaimed paper 2~56547 cannot always be obtained. In addition, various troubles are liable to cause due to foaming during every deinking processes such as flotation, drainage and paper-making processes and thus these deinking agents results in poor operability of the deinking process.
Further, J.P. KOKAI No. Hei 2-139486 discloses a deinking agent which comprises an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide adduct of a mixture containing, in a specific ratio, natural fats and oils (triglycerides) and a glycerin ester derived from natural fats and oils (mono- and diglycerides). Besides, J.P. KOKAI Nos. Hei 2-293483, Hei 2-293484, Hei 2-293485 and Hei 3-881 disclose a deinking agent comprising an alkylene o~ide adduct of natural fats and oils or a reaction product of natural fats and oils with glycerin. However, these deinking agents make it possible to eliminate the problem of dark and dull appearance of the resulting reclaimed paper and troubles due to foaming during every deinking processes, but these patents do not describe about the whiteness and the content of remaining ink of the resulting reclaimed paper. Thus, these deinking agents cannot always provide high quality reclaimed pulp.
In addition, J.P. KOKAI No. Sho 57-117690 discloses a compound obtained by esterifying an alkylene oxide adduct of a polyhydric alcohol with a divalent carboxylic acid, but the compound is not esterified with a higher fatty acid and accordingly exhibits no satisfactory deinking effect.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel deinking agent which can effectively eliminate the foregoing problems associated with the conventional deinking agents.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel deinking agent which can effectively cause release of ink included in pulp fibers of various printed waste paper.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel deinking agent which can provide high quality reclaimed pulp which has high whiteness and a low content of remaining ink and does not look dark and dull.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel deinking agent which has excellent ability of collecting the ink during flotation, does not cause various troubles due to foaming in every deinking processes, and can impart good operability to the deinking process.
These and other objects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and Examples.
The inventors of this invention have conducted various studies to develop a deinking agent having preferred properties such as those discussed above, have found out that the use of an alkylene oxide adduct of a specific ester is effective to achieve the foregoing object and thus have completed the present invention on the basis of this finding.
According to first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper which comprises:
(A) (1) a polyoxyalkylene adduct of a higher fatty acid ester of polyhydric alcohol, which ester has one to three terminal OH g.roups, wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, the polyhydric alcohol has at least 4 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200 and the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or (2) a higher fatty acid ester of a polyoxyalkylene adduct of polyhydric alcohol wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200, the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the ester has one to three terminal OH groups.
According to second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper which comprises:
(A) the foregoing compound (1) or (2); and (B) a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or (II):
Rl O(AO) m H (I) R2COOM ~II) wherein Rl represents an alkyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms; AO
represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; m is an integer ranging from 5 to 100; R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group having 7 to 23 carbon atoms and M
represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an ammonium or an alkanolamine.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Component (A) as an effective component of the deinking agent of the present invention can be obtained by reacting later-mentioned ingredients (i) to (iii) in any order.
For instance, regarding compound (1), first a polyhydric alcohol having at least 4 carbon atoms (Component (i)) can be reacted with a higher fatty acid (Component (ii)) through the usual esterification reaction performed, for instance, in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid at a temperature ranging from about 100 to 250 C under reduced pressure to thus give an intended ester~ Thereafter, the resulting ester is reacted with an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms as Component (iii) to form a desired product (Component (~)). Preferably, a higher fatty acid ester of the polyhydric alcohol, which ester has one to three terminal OH
groups, is prepared and then alkylene oxides are adducted to the ester to form a polyalkylene adduct of a higher fatty acid ester of the polyhydric alcohol, which ester has one to three terminal OH groups, w~erein the higher fatty acid has 10 to 22 carbon atoms and total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200.
The polyhydric alcohols having at least 4 carbon atoms as Component (i) generally used are trivalent or higher valence alcohols and in particular trivalent or tetravalent alcohols having carbon atoms of 4 to 7 are preferably used. Specific examples thereof include pentaerythritol, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,3-butanetriol, 1,2, 3-pentanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,3-propanetriol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,3,4-pentanetriol, diglycerin and polyglycerin.
On the other hand, the higher fatty acids as Component tii) to be reacted with these polyhydric alcohols are those having 8 to 24, preferably 10 to 22 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof are lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, 12-205654~7 hydroxystearic acid and mixture thereof as well as fatty acids or hardened products thereof derived from animals and vegetables such as tallow oil fatty acid, soybean oil fatty acid, palm oil fatty acid, castor oil fatty acid and hardened products thereof. These fatty acids may be used in the form of functional derivatives thereof such as acid halides, acid anhydrides and acid esters, e.g., methyl esters and ethyl esters.
The amount of Component (ii) in the esterification reaction ranges from 1 to x moles wherein x means the valency of the polyhydric alcohol as Component (i), preferably 1 to (x - 1) moles and more preferably 1 to (x - 1.5) moles per 1 mole of Component (i).
This is because if the relative amounts of Components (i) and (ii) are outside the range defined above, there is a tendency that the ink removing power and ability of collecting ink of the resulting deinking agent are lowered.
Then the ester derived from the foregoing Components (i) and (ii) is reacted with an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms as Component (iii) under the usual conditions for alkylene oxide addition reactions, for instance, in the presence of a basic catalyst, preferably at a pressure ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 kg/cm: and a temperature ranging from about 100 to 200 C while adding Component (iii) in small portions to thus give a desired Component (A). The alkylene oxides may be used alone or in combination. If they are used in combination, the addition is not restricted to any specific manner and may be random or block type addition. ~xamples of the alkylene oxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide~
The molar number of added alkylene oxide ranges from 10 to 200, preferably 20 to 150. This is because if the molar number of added alkylene oxide is outside the range defined above, there is observed a tendency that the ink removing power and ability of collecting ink of S the resulting deinking agent are lowered and correspondingly high quallty reclaimed pulp cannot be obtained. Further, troubles arise during every deinking processes, in particular the flotation process, due to foaming and hence the operability of the processes would be impaired.
Alternatively, compound (2) as an effective component of the deinking agent of the invention can be prepared by first adding an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms as Component (iii) to a polyhydric alcohol having at least 4 aarbon atoms as Component (i) and then esterifying the resulting adduct with Component (ii). Preferably, lS a polyalkylene adduct of the polyhydric alcohols prepared and then a higher fatty acid or acids is reacted with the polyalkylene adduct to form a higher fatty acid ester of a polyalkylene adduct of the polyhydric alcohol wherein the higher fatty acid has 10 to 22 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200 and the ester has one to three terminal OH groups.
The second aspect of the deinking agent according to the present invention comprises Component (B) represented by the general formula (I) or Component (C) represented by the general formula (II) in addition to the foregoing Component (A).
Component (s) of Formula (I) is suitably selected from those obtained by adding, randomly or in the form of blocks, alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to a higher alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms such as lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol or oleyl alcohol. In this case, the molar number of added alkylene oxide ranges from 5 to 100 and preferably 10 to 80. The use of the molar number thereof beyond the range defined above becomes a cause of troubles due to foaming during the flotation process and adversely affects the ability of collecting ink and ink removing properties of the resulting deinking agent. The alkylene oxide addition reaction is performed under the usual condltions for the addition reaction. For instance, the reaction can be carried out at a temperature ranging from 100 to 200 C and a pressure ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 kg/cm2 in the presence of an alkaline or basic catalyst with the addition of an alkylene oxide in small portions.
The weight ratio of the foregoing Component (A) to Component ( B ), (A)/(B), preferably ranges from 95/5 to 10/~0 and more preferably 90/10 to 20/80. If the weight ratio is beyond the range defined above, there is observed a tendency of lowering in~ removing power and ability of collecting ink of the resulting deinking agent.
Component (C) of Formula (II) is at least one member selected from fatty acids having 8 to 24, preferably 10 to 22 carbon atoms and salts thereof. Specific examples of the fatty acids are lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid and mixture thereof as well as fatty acids or hardened products thereof derived from animals and vegetables such as tallow oil fatty acid, soybean oil fatty acid, castor oil fatty acid, palm oil fatty acid, fish oil fatty acid and hardened products thereof. Examples of the salts of these ftty acids include alkali metal salts, al~onium salts and alkanolamine salts.
The weight ratio of the foregoing Component (A) to Component (C), (A)/(C), preferably ranges from 95/5 to 20/80 and more preferably 90/10 to 40/60. If the weight ratio is beyond the range defined above, there is observed a tendency of lowering the ink removing power and ability of collecting ink of the resulting deinking agent.
Although the deinking agent of the invention may comprise only compound (A) or compounds (A) and (s), or the compound together with a diluent such as water and organic solvent, the deinking agent of the invention may optionally comprise other known deinking agents such as alkyl sulfates,~ -olefinsulfonates, fatty acids and salts thereof and/or polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether sulfates.
The amount of the deinking agent of the invention generally ranges from 0.1 to 3.0% by weight, preferably 0.15 to 1.0% by weight on the basis of the weight of the printed waste paper to be treated.
The deinking agent of the invention may be added to either the disintegration process or aging process or may be dispensed into these two processes. Upon practicing the deinking treatment, it is possible to simultaneously use currently used agents and/or treating processes such as alkaline agents, e.g., sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate; and bleaching agents, e.g., hydrogen peroxide or further mechanical treatments such as a kneader, a disperser and a refiner and the deinking agent of the invention may be employed in various installations provided with deinking devices.
The deink.ing agent of the present invention has various excellent properties. For instance, it has excellent ability of removing or collecting inks included in pulp fibers of newspaper, magazines, colored wood-free paper and paper for recording information as well as various waste paper printed with inks such as offset inks, inks for typographic printing and toner inks and can provide high quality reclaimed pulp having high whiteness and a low content of remaning ink and which does not look dark and dull. Further, the deinking agent can impart stable and trouble-free operability to the deinking process.
The present invention will hereinafter be described in more detail with reference to the following non-limitative working Examples and Preparation Examples.
Preparation Example 1 To a 4-necked 1,000 ml flask equipped with a stirring machine, a thermometer and a cooling tube, there were added 109 g (0.8 mole) of pentaerythritol, 441 g (1.6 mole) of hardened tallow oil fatty acid and 2.75 g (0.5% by weight on the basis of the total weight of the starting material) of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate as a catalyst and the reaction was performed at 190 C and 10 mmHg for 5 hours to give pentaerythritol di-hardened tallow oil fatty acid ester. The pentaerythritol di-hardened tallow oil fatty acid ester (80 g; 0.12 mole) and potassium hydroxide (0.73 g; 0.15~ by weight on the basis of the charge weight) were added to a stainless steel autoclave, dehydrated at 105 + 5 C and 2 mmHg for 2 hours and then a mixture of ethylene oxide (253.4 9; 5.76 moles) and propylene oxide (142 g, 2.45 moles) was added thereto in small portions while maintaining the temperature and pressure at 125 ~ 5 C and 1.0 to 3.0 kg/cm2 respectively. After completely adding all of the mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, the reaction mixture was ripened at 125 + 5 C for 2 hours.
After cooling the reaction mixture, pH of the mixture was controlled to 6 to 7 with the addition of acetic acid to thus give an ethylene oxide (48 moles)-propylene oxide (20 moles) random adduct of the pentaerythritol di-hardened tallow oil fatty acid ester (Sample No. 1 in the following Table 1).
Preparation Examples 2 to 12 The same procedures used in Preparation Example 1 were repeated except that polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids as listed in Table 1 were used to give every corresponding fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols, then alkylene oxides were added to the resulting fatty acid esters in added molar numbers and addition types as listed in Table 1 to give every corresponding alkylene oxide adducts of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters (Sample Nos. 2, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 in Table 1) When the alkylene oxide was added in the form of blocks, the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester was charged in an autoclave as in Preparation Example 1, then dehydrated, a desired amount of ethylene oxide was first added in small portions at 130 + 5 C and 1.0 to 3.0 kg/cm2 to carry out the reaction, then ripened at 130+ 5 C for 2 hours after completely adding the ethylene oxide, then a desired amount of propylene oxide or butylene oxide was added to the reaction mixture at 120 + 5 C and 1.0 to 3.0 kg/cm2 in small portions and ripened at 120+ 5 C for 2 hours after completion of the addition. After the ripening and cooling, pH was controlled to 6 to 7 by the addition of acetic acid to give every corresponding alkylene oxide aducts of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters (Sample Nos. 3, 4, 7, 9 and 11).
Preparation Examples 13 to 14 Alkylene oxides were added to polyhydric alcohols in added molar numbers and addition types as listed in Table 1 and then the resulting products were esterified with fatty acids as listed in Ta~le 1 to give every corresponding alkylene oxide adducts of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters (Sample Nos. 13 and 14 in Table 1).
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Examples 1 to 18 Printed waste paper as a starting material (offset-printed newspaper/typographically printed newspaper/leaflet = 4/3/3 (weight ratio)) was cut into pieces of 3 X 3 cm, charged in a pulp disintegrator (available from Kumagaya Riki Manufacturing Co., Ltd.), there were then added, on the basis of the weight of the waste paper, 1.0% by weight of sodium hydroxide, 3.5% by weight of sodium silicate, 1 0~ by weight (effective amount) of hydrogen peroxide and 0.35~ by weight of each deinking agent listed in Table 2 to the disintegrator followed by addition of hot water in an amount sufficient to adjust the concentration of the starting material to 5~ by weight and disintegration at about 35 C for 7 minutes. The pulp slury obtained by the disintegration was soaked at 65 C for one hour and further disintegrated for additional 3 minutes in the pulp disintegrator. After the pulp concentration was adjusted to 1~ by weight by the addition of hot water, the slurry was subjected to flotation at 30 C for 7 minutes with a flotator (available from Kyokuto Shinko Co., Ltd.). Then the pulp slurry was concentrated to 10~ by weight, then diluted with water to 1 by weight and pulp sheets were prepared by a TAPPI sheet machine.
The whiteness of the resulting pulp sheet was determined by a color measurement color difference meter (available from Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) in accordance with JISP-8123 and the amount of the remaining ink was determined in terms of rate of area carrying remaining ink measured by an image analyzer (Luzex; available from Nireco Company).
It has often been practically experienced that the whiteness of the reclaimed paper is not always in proportion to apparent color tone thereof, in particular "darkness and dullness". This is because the whiteness is generally defined by the following three values: L-value (brightness), a-value (a positive value means redness) and b-value ~a positive value means yellowness). Thus, there is a difference between the whiteness and the apparent color tone depending on the balance of these three values. Accordingly, it is difficult to synthetically judge the apparent color tone based on the individual these three values. For this reason, the apparent color tone, in particular "darkness and dullness" of the resulting pulp sheet was visually evaluated according to three-stage evaluation. The troubles due to foaming was estimated in terms of the product of the average height of foam generated during the flotation and the amount of foam scraped out. It is concluded that the deinking treatment can be performed without troubles due to foam if the product falls within the range of from that for fatty acids which are used in the conventional deinking agents and ensure stable operations (in the invention, the product for stearic acid is defined to be 100)+
20% or less. The results thus obtained are listed in the following Table 2.
Comparative Examples 1 to 5 The same procedures used in Examples 1 to 12 were repeated except that the amount of the deinking agent listed in Table 2 was changed to 0 5% by weight (based on the weight of the starting material), Cl 2 H2s O(EO)3SO3Na was optionally added as a foaming agent in an amount of 0.08% by weight, the disintegration and the flotation temperatures were chan~ed to 60 and 40D C respectively and calcium chloride was optionally added in such an amount that the calcium ion concentration was equal to 50 ppm. The results obtained are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2 Ex. Deinking Agent Used White- Content Behaviorl) Darkness No. ness of Ink of Foam Dullness 1 Sample No. 1 57.8 0.24592 3 2 Sample No. 2 57.5 0.250105 3 3 Sample No. 3 57.6 0.25188 3 4 Sample No. 4 57.2 0.25582 3 Sample No. 5 57.6 0.24981 3 6 Sample No. 6 57.7 0.24692 3 7 Sample No. 7 57.5 0.25197 3 8 Sample No. 8 57.0 0.261103 3 9 Sample No. 9 57.2 0.25388 3 Sample No. 10 57.1 0.26195 3 11 Sample No. 11 57.4 0.25286 3 12 Sample No. 12 57.1 0.25880 3 13 Sample No. 13 57.9 0.24491 3 14 Sample No. 14 57.1 0.260100 3 t Cl 7 H3jCOOH 53.2 0.843100 3 2* pentaerythritol fatty 54.20.681. 103 3 acid ester3~
3* C, 9 H37 O-(EO)s -H 52.1 0.783135 4~ (natural fats and oils+penta- 55.4 0.303125 2 l 8 2~56547 erythritol)EO/PO adduct"
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
Deinking Agent for Reclaiming Waste Paper BACKGRO~ND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper used in preparing reclaimed pulp from printed waste paper and more specifically to a deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper which is used in deinking printed waste paper such as newspaper, magazine, colored wood-free paper, leaflet and information magazine through, for instance, flotation method and which can provide high quality reclaimed pulp having high whiteness and a low remaining ink content.
As the feedstock for papermaking is exnausted, it has been known for a long time that pulp is reclaimed from printed waste paper to reuse the resulting reclaimed pulp as a feedstock for papermaking. In particular, recently the recycle of waste paper has been increasingly important and the resulting reclaimed pulp has widely been used in various fields from the viewpoint of effective use of various resources and of the environmental protection.
Incidentally, there has widely been adopted, for reclaiming printed waste paper, a method comprising disintegrating pulp in the presence of an alkaline agent such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium silicate, a deinking agent and an optional bleaching agent such as hydrogen peroxide or a hypochlorite, usually in a disintegrator such as a pulper to remove inks rrom the pulp and then separating the removed inks from the pulp slurry through flotation. However, such a deinking treatment of printed waste paper has been more and more difficult since the diversity of printing techniques is increased recently.
Deinking agents conventionally used are, for instance, anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzenesulfonates, a -olefinsulfonates, higher alcohol sulfate salts and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates;
and nonionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of higher alcohols, alkylphenols and fatty acids. These deinking agents have in general been used alone or in any combination optionally along with an alkaline agent, a bleaching agent and further a chelating agent such as EDTA or DTPA. However, these deinking agents are insufficient in the ability of collecting ink and ink-removing properties and thus they cannot provide high quality reclaiming pulp having high whiteness and a low content of remaining ink.
Moreover, a great deal of offset paper has been recently used. In the offset paper, a special ink is used, which comprises a drying oil and a thermosetting resin as a vehicle, and which is hardened by the action of light rays and heat. Correspondingly, it is difficult to deink by the use of the foregoing deinking agents.
On the other hand, deinking devices have also been variously improved to enhance the deinking efficiency. For instance, there have been proposed methods in which a kneader, a refiner and a disperser are used. If these devices are employed, ink removed from waste paper and dispersed in a slurry has a strong tendency of being finely pulverized.
In this case, therefore, the effective removal of such finely pulverized ink particles from the pulp slurry requires the use of a deinking agent having high ability of collecting ink during flotation.
However, the foregoing conventional deinking agents are insufficient in ability of collecting ink particles during the flotation and correspondingly these methods cannot provide reclaimed pulp having high whiteness. Further, there have also been known fatty acids and salts thereof having good ability of collecting an ink, but the ink-removing power thereof is low. Thus, the resulting reclaimed pulp has a high content of remaining ink.
Recently, there have likewise been proposed a variety of deinking agents such as alkylene oxide adducts of fatty acids (Ja~?anese ~lnexamined Patent Publication (hereinafter referred to as "J.P. KOKAI") Nos. Sho 58-109696 and Sho 59-130400); a reaction product of a mixture comprising natural fats and oils and a polyhydric alcohol having not less than three OH groups with an alkylene oxide (J.P. KOKAI No. Sho 60-239585); a mixture of the foregoing reaction product and a fatty acid (Japanese Patent Publication for Opposition Purpose (hereinafter referrd to as "J.P. KOKOKU") No. Hei 1-14356); and a mixture of the foregoing reaction product, an alkylene oxide adduct of a higher alcohol and an optional polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether sulfate (J.P. KOKOKU No.
Hei 1-59393). However, the use of such an alkylene oxide adduct of a fatty acid does not necessarily provide well-satisfied reclaimed pulp, while the foregoing reaction product or mixtures containing the same can provide reclaimed pulp having high whiteness, but the resulting reclaimed paper looks "dark and dull" and hiqh quality reclaimed paper 2~56547 cannot always be obtained. In addition, various troubles are liable to cause due to foaming during every deinking processes such as flotation, drainage and paper-making processes and thus these deinking agents results in poor operability of the deinking process.
Further, J.P. KOKAI No. Hei 2-139486 discloses a deinking agent which comprises an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide adduct of a mixture containing, in a specific ratio, natural fats and oils (triglycerides) and a glycerin ester derived from natural fats and oils (mono- and diglycerides). Besides, J.P. KOKAI Nos. Hei 2-293483, Hei 2-293484, Hei 2-293485 and Hei 3-881 disclose a deinking agent comprising an alkylene o~ide adduct of natural fats and oils or a reaction product of natural fats and oils with glycerin. However, these deinking agents make it possible to eliminate the problem of dark and dull appearance of the resulting reclaimed paper and troubles due to foaming during every deinking processes, but these patents do not describe about the whiteness and the content of remaining ink of the resulting reclaimed paper. Thus, these deinking agents cannot always provide high quality reclaimed pulp.
In addition, J.P. KOKAI No. Sho 57-117690 discloses a compound obtained by esterifying an alkylene oxide adduct of a polyhydric alcohol with a divalent carboxylic acid, but the compound is not esterified with a higher fatty acid and accordingly exhibits no satisfactory deinking effect.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel deinking agent which can effectively eliminate the foregoing problems associated with the conventional deinking agents.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel deinking agent which can effectively cause release of ink included in pulp fibers of various printed waste paper.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel deinking agent which can provide high quality reclaimed pulp which has high whiteness and a low content of remaining ink and does not look dark and dull.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel deinking agent which has excellent ability of collecting the ink during flotation, does not cause various troubles due to foaming in every deinking processes, and can impart good operability to the deinking process.
These and other objects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and Examples.
The inventors of this invention have conducted various studies to develop a deinking agent having preferred properties such as those discussed above, have found out that the use of an alkylene oxide adduct of a specific ester is effective to achieve the foregoing object and thus have completed the present invention on the basis of this finding.
According to first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper which comprises:
(A) (1) a polyoxyalkylene adduct of a higher fatty acid ester of polyhydric alcohol, which ester has one to three terminal OH g.roups, wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, the polyhydric alcohol has at least 4 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200 and the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or (2) a higher fatty acid ester of a polyoxyalkylene adduct of polyhydric alcohol wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200, the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the ester has one to three terminal OH groups.
According to second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper which comprises:
(A) the foregoing compound (1) or (2); and (B) a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or (II):
Rl O(AO) m H (I) R2COOM ~II) wherein Rl represents an alkyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms; AO
represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; m is an integer ranging from 5 to 100; R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group having 7 to 23 carbon atoms and M
represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an ammonium or an alkanolamine.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Component (A) as an effective component of the deinking agent of the present invention can be obtained by reacting later-mentioned ingredients (i) to (iii) in any order.
For instance, regarding compound (1), first a polyhydric alcohol having at least 4 carbon atoms (Component (i)) can be reacted with a higher fatty acid (Component (ii)) through the usual esterification reaction performed, for instance, in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid at a temperature ranging from about 100 to 250 C under reduced pressure to thus give an intended ester~ Thereafter, the resulting ester is reacted with an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms as Component (iii) to form a desired product (Component (~)). Preferably, a higher fatty acid ester of the polyhydric alcohol, which ester has one to three terminal OH
groups, is prepared and then alkylene oxides are adducted to the ester to form a polyalkylene adduct of a higher fatty acid ester of the polyhydric alcohol, which ester has one to three terminal OH groups, w~erein the higher fatty acid has 10 to 22 carbon atoms and total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200.
The polyhydric alcohols having at least 4 carbon atoms as Component (i) generally used are trivalent or higher valence alcohols and in particular trivalent or tetravalent alcohols having carbon atoms of 4 to 7 are preferably used. Specific examples thereof include pentaerythritol, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,3-butanetriol, 1,2, 3-pentanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,3-propanetriol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,3,4-pentanetriol, diglycerin and polyglycerin.
On the other hand, the higher fatty acids as Component tii) to be reacted with these polyhydric alcohols are those having 8 to 24, preferably 10 to 22 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof are lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, 12-205654~7 hydroxystearic acid and mixture thereof as well as fatty acids or hardened products thereof derived from animals and vegetables such as tallow oil fatty acid, soybean oil fatty acid, palm oil fatty acid, castor oil fatty acid and hardened products thereof. These fatty acids may be used in the form of functional derivatives thereof such as acid halides, acid anhydrides and acid esters, e.g., methyl esters and ethyl esters.
The amount of Component (ii) in the esterification reaction ranges from 1 to x moles wherein x means the valency of the polyhydric alcohol as Component (i), preferably 1 to (x - 1) moles and more preferably 1 to (x - 1.5) moles per 1 mole of Component (i).
This is because if the relative amounts of Components (i) and (ii) are outside the range defined above, there is a tendency that the ink removing power and ability of collecting ink of the resulting deinking agent are lowered.
Then the ester derived from the foregoing Components (i) and (ii) is reacted with an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms as Component (iii) under the usual conditions for alkylene oxide addition reactions, for instance, in the presence of a basic catalyst, preferably at a pressure ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 kg/cm: and a temperature ranging from about 100 to 200 C while adding Component (iii) in small portions to thus give a desired Component (A). The alkylene oxides may be used alone or in combination. If they are used in combination, the addition is not restricted to any specific manner and may be random or block type addition. ~xamples of the alkylene oxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide~
The molar number of added alkylene oxide ranges from 10 to 200, preferably 20 to 150. This is because if the molar number of added alkylene oxide is outside the range defined above, there is observed a tendency that the ink removing power and ability of collecting ink of S the resulting deinking agent are lowered and correspondingly high quallty reclaimed pulp cannot be obtained. Further, troubles arise during every deinking processes, in particular the flotation process, due to foaming and hence the operability of the processes would be impaired.
Alternatively, compound (2) as an effective component of the deinking agent of the invention can be prepared by first adding an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms as Component (iii) to a polyhydric alcohol having at least 4 aarbon atoms as Component (i) and then esterifying the resulting adduct with Component (ii). Preferably, lS a polyalkylene adduct of the polyhydric alcohols prepared and then a higher fatty acid or acids is reacted with the polyalkylene adduct to form a higher fatty acid ester of a polyalkylene adduct of the polyhydric alcohol wherein the higher fatty acid has 10 to 22 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200 and the ester has one to three terminal OH groups.
The second aspect of the deinking agent according to the present invention comprises Component (B) represented by the general formula (I) or Component (C) represented by the general formula (II) in addition to the foregoing Component (A).
Component (s) of Formula (I) is suitably selected from those obtained by adding, randomly or in the form of blocks, alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to a higher alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms such as lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol or oleyl alcohol. In this case, the molar number of added alkylene oxide ranges from 5 to 100 and preferably 10 to 80. The use of the molar number thereof beyond the range defined above becomes a cause of troubles due to foaming during the flotation process and adversely affects the ability of collecting ink and ink removing properties of the resulting deinking agent. The alkylene oxide addition reaction is performed under the usual condltions for the addition reaction. For instance, the reaction can be carried out at a temperature ranging from 100 to 200 C and a pressure ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 kg/cm2 in the presence of an alkaline or basic catalyst with the addition of an alkylene oxide in small portions.
The weight ratio of the foregoing Component (A) to Component ( B ), (A)/(B), preferably ranges from 95/5 to 10/~0 and more preferably 90/10 to 20/80. If the weight ratio is beyond the range defined above, there is observed a tendency of lowering in~ removing power and ability of collecting ink of the resulting deinking agent.
Component (C) of Formula (II) is at least one member selected from fatty acids having 8 to 24, preferably 10 to 22 carbon atoms and salts thereof. Specific examples of the fatty acids are lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid and mixture thereof as well as fatty acids or hardened products thereof derived from animals and vegetables such as tallow oil fatty acid, soybean oil fatty acid, castor oil fatty acid, palm oil fatty acid, fish oil fatty acid and hardened products thereof. Examples of the salts of these ftty acids include alkali metal salts, al~onium salts and alkanolamine salts.
The weight ratio of the foregoing Component (A) to Component (C), (A)/(C), preferably ranges from 95/5 to 20/80 and more preferably 90/10 to 40/60. If the weight ratio is beyond the range defined above, there is observed a tendency of lowering the ink removing power and ability of collecting ink of the resulting deinking agent.
Although the deinking agent of the invention may comprise only compound (A) or compounds (A) and (s), or the compound together with a diluent such as water and organic solvent, the deinking agent of the invention may optionally comprise other known deinking agents such as alkyl sulfates,~ -olefinsulfonates, fatty acids and salts thereof and/or polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether sulfates.
The amount of the deinking agent of the invention generally ranges from 0.1 to 3.0% by weight, preferably 0.15 to 1.0% by weight on the basis of the weight of the printed waste paper to be treated.
The deinking agent of the invention may be added to either the disintegration process or aging process or may be dispensed into these two processes. Upon practicing the deinking treatment, it is possible to simultaneously use currently used agents and/or treating processes such as alkaline agents, e.g., sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate; and bleaching agents, e.g., hydrogen peroxide or further mechanical treatments such as a kneader, a disperser and a refiner and the deinking agent of the invention may be employed in various installations provided with deinking devices.
The deink.ing agent of the present invention has various excellent properties. For instance, it has excellent ability of removing or collecting inks included in pulp fibers of newspaper, magazines, colored wood-free paper and paper for recording information as well as various waste paper printed with inks such as offset inks, inks for typographic printing and toner inks and can provide high quality reclaimed pulp having high whiteness and a low content of remaning ink and which does not look dark and dull. Further, the deinking agent can impart stable and trouble-free operability to the deinking process.
The present invention will hereinafter be described in more detail with reference to the following non-limitative working Examples and Preparation Examples.
Preparation Example 1 To a 4-necked 1,000 ml flask equipped with a stirring machine, a thermometer and a cooling tube, there were added 109 g (0.8 mole) of pentaerythritol, 441 g (1.6 mole) of hardened tallow oil fatty acid and 2.75 g (0.5% by weight on the basis of the total weight of the starting material) of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate as a catalyst and the reaction was performed at 190 C and 10 mmHg for 5 hours to give pentaerythritol di-hardened tallow oil fatty acid ester. The pentaerythritol di-hardened tallow oil fatty acid ester (80 g; 0.12 mole) and potassium hydroxide (0.73 g; 0.15~ by weight on the basis of the charge weight) were added to a stainless steel autoclave, dehydrated at 105 + 5 C and 2 mmHg for 2 hours and then a mixture of ethylene oxide (253.4 9; 5.76 moles) and propylene oxide (142 g, 2.45 moles) was added thereto in small portions while maintaining the temperature and pressure at 125 ~ 5 C and 1.0 to 3.0 kg/cm2 respectively. After completely adding all of the mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, the reaction mixture was ripened at 125 + 5 C for 2 hours.
After cooling the reaction mixture, pH of the mixture was controlled to 6 to 7 with the addition of acetic acid to thus give an ethylene oxide (48 moles)-propylene oxide (20 moles) random adduct of the pentaerythritol di-hardened tallow oil fatty acid ester (Sample No. 1 in the following Table 1).
Preparation Examples 2 to 12 The same procedures used in Preparation Example 1 were repeated except that polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids as listed in Table 1 were used to give every corresponding fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols, then alkylene oxides were added to the resulting fatty acid esters in added molar numbers and addition types as listed in Table 1 to give every corresponding alkylene oxide adducts of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters (Sample Nos. 2, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 in Table 1) When the alkylene oxide was added in the form of blocks, the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester was charged in an autoclave as in Preparation Example 1, then dehydrated, a desired amount of ethylene oxide was first added in small portions at 130 + 5 C and 1.0 to 3.0 kg/cm2 to carry out the reaction, then ripened at 130+ 5 C for 2 hours after completely adding the ethylene oxide, then a desired amount of propylene oxide or butylene oxide was added to the reaction mixture at 120 + 5 C and 1.0 to 3.0 kg/cm2 in small portions and ripened at 120+ 5 C for 2 hours after completion of the addition. After the ripening and cooling, pH was controlled to 6 to 7 by the addition of acetic acid to give every corresponding alkylene oxide aducts of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters (Sample Nos. 3, 4, 7, 9 and 11).
Preparation Examples 13 to 14 Alkylene oxides were added to polyhydric alcohols in added molar numbers and addition types as listed in Table 1 and then the resulting products were esterified with fatty acids as listed in Ta~le 1 to give every corresponding alkylene oxide adducts of the polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters (Sample Nos. 13 and 14 in Table 1).
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Examples 1 to 18 Printed waste paper as a starting material (offset-printed newspaper/typographically printed newspaper/leaflet = 4/3/3 (weight ratio)) was cut into pieces of 3 X 3 cm, charged in a pulp disintegrator (available from Kumagaya Riki Manufacturing Co., Ltd.), there were then added, on the basis of the weight of the waste paper, 1.0% by weight of sodium hydroxide, 3.5% by weight of sodium silicate, 1 0~ by weight (effective amount) of hydrogen peroxide and 0.35~ by weight of each deinking agent listed in Table 2 to the disintegrator followed by addition of hot water in an amount sufficient to adjust the concentration of the starting material to 5~ by weight and disintegration at about 35 C for 7 minutes. The pulp slury obtained by the disintegration was soaked at 65 C for one hour and further disintegrated for additional 3 minutes in the pulp disintegrator. After the pulp concentration was adjusted to 1~ by weight by the addition of hot water, the slurry was subjected to flotation at 30 C for 7 minutes with a flotator (available from Kyokuto Shinko Co., Ltd.). Then the pulp slurry was concentrated to 10~ by weight, then diluted with water to 1 by weight and pulp sheets were prepared by a TAPPI sheet machine.
The whiteness of the resulting pulp sheet was determined by a color measurement color difference meter (available from Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) in accordance with JISP-8123 and the amount of the remaining ink was determined in terms of rate of area carrying remaining ink measured by an image analyzer (Luzex; available from Nireco Company).
It has often been practically experienced that the whiteness of the reclaimed paper is not always in proportion to apparent color tone thereof, in particular "darkness and dullness". This is because the whiteness is generally defined by the following three values: L-value (brightness), a-value (a positive value means redness) and b-value ~a positive value means yellowness). Thus, there is a difference between the whiteness and the apparent color tone depending on the balance of these three values. Accordingly, it is difficult to synthetically judge the apparent color tone based on the individual these three values. For this reason, the apparent color tone, in particular "darkness and dullness" of the resulting pulp sheet was visually evaluated according to three-stage evaluation. The troubles due to foaming was estimated in terms of the product of the average height of foam generated during the flotation and the amount of foam scraped out. It is concluded that the deinking treatment can be performed without troubles due to foam if the product falls within the range of from that for fatty acids which are used in the conventional deinking agents and ensure stable operations (in the invention, the product for stearic acid is defined to be 100)+
20% or less. The results thus obtained are listed in the following Table 2.
Comparative Examples 1 to 5 The same procedures used in Examples 1 to 12 were repeated except that the amount of the deinking agent listed in Table 2 was changed to 0 5% by weight (based on the weight of the starting material), Cl 2 H2s O(EO)3SO3Na was optionally added as a foaming agent in an amount of 0.08% by weight, the disintegration and the flotation temperatures were chan~ed to 60 and 40D C respectively and calcium chloride was optionally added in such an amount that the calcium ion concentration was equal to 50 ppm. The results obtained are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2 Ex. Deinking Agent Used White- Content Behaviorl) Darkness No. ness of Ink of Foam Dullness 1 Sample No. 1 57.8 0.24592 3 2 Sample No. 2 57.5 0.250105 3 3 Sample No. 3 57.6 0.25188 3 4 Sample No. 4 57.2 0.25582 3 Sample No. 5 57.6 0.24981 3 6 Sample No. 6 57.7 0.24692 3 7 Sample No. 7 57.5 0.25197 3 8 Sample No. 8 57.0 0.261103 3 9 Sample No. 9 57.2 0.25388 3 Sample No. 10 57.1 0.26195 3 11 Sample No. 11 57.4 0.25286 3 12 Sample No. 12 57.1 0.25880 3 13 Sample No. 13 57.9 0.24491 3 14 Sample No. 14 57.1 0.260100 3 t Cl 7 H3jCOOH 53.2 0.843100 3 2* pentaerythritol fatty 54.20.681. 103 3 acid ester3~
3* C, 9 H37 O-(EO)s -H 52.1 0.783135 4~ (natural fats and oils+penta- 55.4 0.303125 2 l 8 2~56547 erythritol)EO/PO adduct"
5# reaction product of maleic 52.5 0.783 103 2 acid and PO ~ EO adduct of glycerin5~
Sample No. 1 58.9 0.204 105 3 16 Sample No. 3 58.5 0.211 98 3 17 Sample No. 7 58.7 0.207 113 3 18 Sample No. 10 58.2 0.221 104 3 (NOTE) 1) It is assumed that the product of the outflow of foam during the flotation and the average height of foam observed for C,,H3sCOOH/CI2 H2~O(EO)3SO3Na = 0.5/0.08 (wt%) is 100.
2) Evaluation criteria of "darkness and dullness" of Reclaimed Sheet are as follows: 3: no darkness and dullness; 2: slight darkness and dullness; 1: remarkable darkness and dullness.
3) pentaerythritol: hardened tallow oil fatty acid=1:2 (reaction molar ratio).
4) tallow oil:pentaerythritol = 1:1 (molar ratio of mixture); EO, PO
added molar number: EO/PO = 42/21 (random addition).
5) PO EO adduct of glycerin; i.e., EO (10 moles), PO (45 moles) (EO
terminal) adduct of glycerin : maleic acid = 1:0.8 (reaction molar ratio).
Examples 19 to 46 The same procedures used in Examples 1 to 18 were repeated except that deinking agents listed in Tables 3 and 4 were used to prepare reclaimed sheets and to evaluate properties thereof. The results obtained are listed in the following Tables 3 and 4.
Table 3 Ex. Deinking Agent ~sed White- Content Behavior3) Darkness N (weight ratio)') ness of Ink2~ of Foam Dullness4 19 Sample No. 1/CI 8 H" OEO15- 58.7 0.223 90 3 PO15H(R) = 95/5 Sample No. 2/C2oH~lOEO10- 58.40.226 103 3 PO15H(B) = 80/20 21 Sample No. 3/CI 6 H,,OEO15- 58.5 0.225 100 3 PO32H(R) = 80/20 22 Sample No. 4/CI8H37OEO25- 58.30.228 85 3 PO15H(B) = 60/40 23 Sample No. 5/C~6H33OEO30- 58.50.225 90 3 PO20H(B) = 90/10 24 Sample No. 6/C22H~sOEO43- 58.60.224 87 3 PO28H(B) = 30/70 Sample No. 7/CI 8 H3 7 OEO18- ~8.4 0.227 94 3 POlOH(R) = 40/60 26 Sample No. 8/C2oH,lOEO42- 58.30.231 96 3 PO35H(B) = 35/65 27 Sample No. 9/C~ 4 H29OEO16- 58.2 0.228 92 3 PO8H(B1 = 75/25 28 Sample No. 10/C,~H37OEO23- 58.30.227 84 3 PO61H(R) = 50/50 29 Sample No. ll/CI~H3 7 OEO13- 58.2 0.228 83 3 PO22H(B) = 20/80 Sample No. 12/C,.H4sOEO28- 58.1 0.232 87 3 POlOH(R) = 10/90 31 Sample No. 13/C~ 6 Ha3OEO15- 58.6 0.227 100 3 PO32H(B) = 80/20 32 Sample No. 14/Cl.H37OEO18- 58.4 0.231 94 3 POlOH(R) = 40/60 (NOTE) 1) EO: ethylene oxide; PO: propylene oxide; R: random addition;
B: block addition.
2) Each numerical value represents the rate (~) of area carrying remaining inks.
3) It is assumed that the product of the outflow of foam during the flotation and the average height of foam observed on Cl7H,sCOOH/C~ 2 H2s O(EO)3SO3Na = 0.5/0.08 (wt%) is 100.
4) Evaluation criteria of "darkness and Dullness" of Reclaimed Sheet are detailed in Note 2) of Table 2.
Table 4 Ex. Deinking Agent Used White- Content Behavior2) Darkness3 No. (t~eight ratio) ness of Ink of Foam Dullness -33 Sample No. l/stearic acid 58.7 0.233 85 3 = 80/20 34 Sample No. 2/palmitic acid 58.5 0.235 98 3 = 90/10 Sample No. 3/stearic acid 58.60.23~ 91 3 = 75/25 36 Sample No. 4/12~hydroxy- 5R.40.239 90 3 stearic acid = 60/40 37 Sample No. 5/myristic acid 58.4 0.239 91 3 = 95/5 38 Sample No. 6/tallow oil 58.50.236 95 3 fatty acid = 80/20 39 Sample No. 7/hardened tallow 58.5 0.237 83 3 oil fatty acid = 85/15 Sample No. 8/soybean oil 58.30.242 89 3 fatty acid = 50/50 41 Sample No. 9/castor oil 58.40.240 91 3 fatty acid = 85/15 42 Sample No. 10/hardened castor 58.20.243 81 3 oil fatty acid = 20/80 43 Sample NO. 11/palm oil 58.50.237 96 3 fatty acid = 80/20 44 Sample No. 12/lauric acid 58.20.242 101 3 = 40/60 Sample No. 13/stearic acid 58.4 0.235 91 3 = 75/25 46 Sample No. 14/hardened tallow 58.60.239 83 3 oil fatty acid = 85/15 (NOTE) 1) Each numerical value represents the rate (%) of area carrying remaining inks.
2) It is assumed that the product of the outflow of foam dllring the flotation and the average height of foam observed on Cl7H~sCOOH/C~H25 O(EO),SO3Na = 0.5/0.08 (wt~) is 100.
3) Evaluation criteria of "darkness and dullness" of Reclaimed Sheet are detailed in Note 2) of Table 2.
Examples 47 to 60 and Comparative Examples 6 to 9 Waste electrostatic recording paper which had been printed with a commercially available toner whose binder was a polystyrene-polyacrylic resin (110 g; electrophotographic copying paper; surface covering rate =
Sample No. 1 58.9 0.204 105 3 16 Sample No. 3 58.5 0.211 98 3 17 Sample No. 7 58.7 0.207 113 3 18 Sample No. 10 58.2 0.221 104 3 (NOTE) 1) It is assumed that the product of the outflow of foam during the flotation and the average height of foam observed for C,,H3sCOOH/CI2 H2~O(EO)3SO3Na = 0.5/0.08 (wt%) is 100.
2) Evaluation criteria of "darkness and dullness" of Reclaimed Sheet are as follows: 3: no darkness and dullness; 2: slight darkness and dullness; 1: remarkable darkness and dullness.
3) pentaerythritol: hardened tallow oil fatty acid=1:2 (reaction molar ratio).
4) tallow oil:pentaerythritol = 1:1 (molar ratio of mixture); EO, PO
added molar number: EO/PO = 42/21 (random addition).
5) PO EO adduct of glycerin; i.e., EO (10 moles), PO (45 moles) (EO
terminal) adduct of glycerin : maleic acid = 1:0.8 (reaction molar ratio).
Examples 19 to 46 The same procedures used in Examples 1 to 18 were repeated except that deinking agents listed in Tables 3 and 4 were used to prepare reclaimed sheets and to evaluate properties thereof. The results obtained are listed in the following Tables 3 and 4.
Table 3 Ex. Deinking Agent ~sed White- Content Behavior3) Darkness N (weight ratio)') ness of Ink2~ of Foam Dullness4 19 Sample No. 1/CI 8 H" OEO15- 58.7 0.223 90 3 PO15H(R) = 95/5 Sample No. 2/C2oH~lOEO10- 58.40.226 103 3 PO15H(B) = 80/20 21 Sample No. 3/CI 6 H,,OEO15- 58.5 0.225 100 3 PO32H(R) = 80/20 22 Sample No. 4/CI8H37OEO25- 58.30.228 85 3 PO15H(B) = 60/40 23 Sample No. 5/C~6H33OEO30- 58.50.225 90 3 PO20H(B) = 90/10 24 Sample No. 6/C22H~sOEO43- 58.60.224 87 3 PO28H(B) = 30/70 Sample No. 7/CI 8 H3 7 OEO18- ~8.4 0.227 94 3 POlOH(R) = 40/60 26 Sample No. 8/C2oH,lOEO42- 58.30.231 96 3 PO35H(B) = 35/65 27 Sample No. 9/C~ 4 H29OEO16- 58.2 0.228 92 3 PO8H(B1 = 75/25 28 Sample No. 10/C,~H37OEO23- 58.30.227 84 3 PO61H(R) = 50/50 29 Sample No. ll/CI~H3 7 OEO13- 58.2 0.228 83 3 PO22H(B) = 20/80 Sample No. 12/C,.H4sOEO28- 58.1 0.232 87 3 POlOH(R) = 10/90 31 Sample No. 13/C~ 6 Ha3OEO15- 58.6 0.227 100 3 PO32H(B) = 80/20 32 Sample No. 14/Cl.H37OEO18- 58.4 0.231 94 3 POlOH(R) = 40/60 (NOTE) 1) EO: ethylene oxide; PO: propylene oxide; R: random addition;
B: block addition.
2) Each numerical value represents the rate (~) of area carrying remaining inks.
3) It is assumed that the product of the outflow of foam during the flotation and the average height of foam observed on Cl7H,sCOOH/C~ 2 H2s O(EO)3SO3Na = 0.5/0.08 (wt%) is 100.
4) Evaluation criteria of "darkness and Dullness" of Reclaimed Sheet are detailed in Note 2) of Table 2.
Table 4 Ex. Deinking Agent Used White- Content Behavior2) Darkness3 No. (t~eight ratio) ness of Ink of Foam Dullness -33 Sample No. l/stearic acid 58.7 0.233 85 3 = 80/20 34 Sample No. 2/palmitic acid 58.5 0.235 98 3 = 90/10 Sample No. 3/stearic acid 58.60.23~ 91 3 = 75/25 36 Sample No. 4/12~hydroxy- 5R.40.239 90 3 stearic acid = 60/40 37 Sample No. 5/myristic acid 58.4 0.239 91 3 = 95/5 38 Sample No. 6/tallow oil 58.50.236 95 3 fatty acid = 80/20 39 Sample No. 7/hardened tallow 58.5 0.237 83 3 oil fatty acid = 85/15 Sample No. 8/soybean oil 58.30.242 89 3 fatty acid = 50/50 41 Sample No. 9/castor oil 58.40.240 91 3 fatty acid = 85/15 42 Sample No. 10/hardened castor 58.20.243 81 3 oil fatty acid = 20/80 43 Sample NO. 11/palm oil 58.50.237 96 3 fatty acid = 80/20 44 Sample No. 12/lauric acid 58.20.242 101 3 = 40/60 Sample No. 13/stearic acid 58.4 0.235 91 3 = 75/25 46 Sample No. 14/hardened tallow 58.60.239 83 3 oil fatty acid = 85/15 (NOTE) 1) Each numerical value represents the rate (%) of area carrying remaining inks.
2) It is assumed that the product of the outflow of foam dllring the flotation and the average height of foam observed on Cl7H~sCOOH/C~H25 O(EO),SO3Na = 0.5/0.08 (wt~) is 100.
3) Evaluation criteria of "darkness and dullness" of Reclaimed Sheet are detailed in Note 2) of Table 2.
Examples 47 to 60 and Comparative Examples 6 to 9 Waste electrostatic recording paper which had been printed with a commercially available toner whose binder was a polystyrene-polyacrylic resin (110 g; electrophotographic copying paper; surface covering rate =
6%) was cut into pieces having a size of 3 X 3 cm, introduced into a pulp disintegrator (available from Kumagaya Riki Industries, Ltd.), there were added, on the basis of the weight of the starting waste paper, 0.7% by weight of sodium hydroxide, 0.4% by weight of sodium silicate and 0.35% by weight of each deinking agent listed in the following Table 5, hot water was added in an amount sufficient to control the concentration of the starting material to 15% by weight and the slurry was disintegrated at about 45 C for 15 minutes. The resultins disintegrated pulp slurry was concentrated to 20~ by weight, there were added, on the basis of the weight of the starting waste paper, 0.6% by weight of sodium hydroxide, 0.4% by weight of sodium silicate and 1.7~
by weight of hydrogen peroxide and then the pulp slurry was treated with a kneader (available from KK Yamamoto Hyakuma Seisakusho) at 40 C.
After the treatment with the kneader, the pulp slurry was ripened at a pulp slurry concentration of 20% by weight and 80 C for 2 hours.
The ripened pulp slurry was diluted with water to a concentration of 1% by weight and then subjected to flotation at a pulp concentration of 1% by weight at 3S C for 7 minutes.
The pulp slurry subjected to the flotation was dehydrated to 15%
by weight, diluted with water to a pulp concentration of 1% by weight and then formed into reclaimed sheets with a TAPPI sheet-forming machine.
The whiteness of the resulting pulp sheet was determined by a color measurement color difference meter (available from Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) in accordance with JISP-8123 and the amount of the remaining ink was determined in terms of rate of area carrying remaining ink measured by an image analyzer (Luzex; available from Nireco Company). The results thus obtained are summarized in the following Table 5.
Table 5 Ex. Deinking Agent ~sed White- Remain- No. of Rem-ing Ink aining toner No. ness (% area) ( ~ 60~ )"
47 Sample No. 1 87.3 0.004 4 48 Sample No. 2 87.2 0.3~5 5 49 Sample No. 3 87.1 0.006 6 Sample No. 4 86.9 0.006 6 51 Sample No. 5 87.2 0.005 4 52 Sample No. 6 87.2 0.005 5 53 Sample No. 7 86.9 O.Q07 6 54 Sample No. 8 86.9 0.007 7 Sample No. 9 87.1 0.006 5 56 Sample No. 10 87.0 0.007 5 57 Sample No. 11 87.2 0.006 5 58 Sample No. 12 87.2 0.005 4 59 Sample No. 13 87.2 0.004 4 Sample No. 14 86.6 0.006 6 6~ Cl7H~sCOOH 83.5 0.088 58 7~ pentaerythritol fatty acid ester') 85.7 0.018 12 8~ Cla ~ .O-(EO)5-H 84.9 0.022 21 9~ (natural fats and oils~pentaeryth- 85.5 0.020 13 ritol)EO/PO adduct 1~* Commercial PPC paper A (natural 84.0 0.004 4' high quality pulp = 100%) I5 2~ cimmercial PPC paper B (containing 72.8 0.018 15 70 wt~ reclaiming pulp) *: Comparative Example; **: Reference Example.
(NOTE) 1) pentaerythritol : hardened tallow oil fatty acid = 1:2 (reaction molar ratio).
2) tallow oil : pentaerythritol = 1:1 (molar ratio of mixture); EO, PO
addition molar number: EO/PO = 42/21 (random addition).
3) Number of remaining toner particles per 9 cm'.
4) Number of foreign substances having a diameter of not less than 60 m was determined instead of that of the remaining toner particles.
20æ547 Examples 61 to 79 The same procedures used in Examples 47 to 60 except that the deinking agents listed in Table 6 were used. The properties of the resulting pulp sheet evaluated are listed in Table 6.
Table 6 Ex. Deinking Agent Used White- Remain- No. of Rem-ing Ink aining toner No. (weight ratio) ness (~ area) ( 5 60~ )"
61 Sample No.1/C~8H" OE015P025H(R)=80/20 87.8 0.002 3 62 Sample No.2/CI6H3,0EOlOPO15H(B)=60/40 87.6 0.003 3 63 Sample No.3/C~4H2.0E035P018H(R)=90/10 87.4 0.004 5 64 Sample No.4/C20H.~OE030P020HtR)=40/60 87.3 0.004 4 65 Sample No.5/CI8H3,0EO15PO35H(B)=25/75 87.6 0.003 3 66 Sample No.6/CI6H330EO30PO25H(R)=65/35 87.7 0.003 3 67 Sample No.7/C22H,sOE030P016H(B)=30/70 86.4 0.003 3 68 Sample No.8/C~8H3,0E020P03SH(B)=35/65 86.3 0.005 5 69 Sample No~9Jcl~H2~oEo25po24H(R)=7sJ25 87.5 0.003 4 70 Sample No~loJG ~H2soEol5po28H(B)=9oJlo 87.4 0.004 4 71 Sample No.11/C,~Ha70E020P035H(R)=75/25 87.5 0.004 3 72 Sample No.12/G 0H410E030P020H(B)=65/35 87.5 0.004 3 73 Sample No.1/hardened tallow oil fatty 87.4 0.004 4 acid = 90/10 74 Sample No.2/tallow oil fatty acid= 87.3 0.005 5 75 Sample No.6/castor oil fatty acid 87.3 0.004 5 ` ' .
= 90/10 76 Sample No.7/stearic acid = 95/5 87.2 0.005 5 77 Sample No.13/G~H2aOEO35POl8H(R)=90/10 87.8 0.004 4 78 Sample No.14/C" H450EO30PO16H(B)=30/70 87.6 0.003 3 79 Sample No.13/hardened tallow oil 87.3 0.005 5 fatty acid = 85/15 (NOTE) 1) Number of remaining toner particles present per 9 cm'.
.
I O
~ ; 15 ::
' , .
by weight of hydrogen peroxide and then the pulp slurry was treated with a kneader (available from KK Yamamoto Hyakuma Seisakusho) at 40 C.
After the treatment with the kneader, the pulp slurry was ripened at a pulp slurry concentration of 20% by weight and 80 C for 2 hours.
The ripened pulp slurry was diluted with water to a concentration of 1% by weight and then subjected to flotation at a pulp concentration of 1% by weight at 3S C for 7 minutes.
The pulp slurry subjected to the flotation was dehydrated to 15%
by weight, diluted with water to a pulp concentration of 1% by weight and then formed into reclaimed sheets with a TAPPI sheet-forming machine.
The whiteness of the resulting pulp sheet was determined by a color measurement color difference meter (available from Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) in accordance with JISP-8123 and the amount of the remaining ink was determined in terms of rate of area carrying remaining ink measured by an image analyzer (Luzex; available from Nireco Company). The results thus obtained are summarized in the following Table 5.
Table 5 Ex. Deinking Agent ~sed White- Remain- No. of Rem-ing Ink aining toner No. ness (% area) ( ~ 60~ )"
47 Sample No. 1 87.3 0.004 4 48 Sample No. 2 87.2 0.3~5 5 49 Sample No. 3 87.1 0.006 6 Sample No. 4 86.9 0.006 6 51 Sample No. 5 87.2 0.005 4 52 Sample No. 6 87.2 0.005 5 53 Sample No. 7 86.9 O.Q07 6 54 Sample No. 8 86.9 0.007 7 Sample No. 9 87.1 0.006 5 56 Sample No. 10 87.0 0.007 5 57 Sample No. 11 87.2 0.006 5 58 Sample No. 12 87.2 0.005 4 59 Sample No. 13 87.2 0.004 4 Sample No. 14 86.6 0.006 6 6~ Cl7H~sCOOH 83.5 0.088 58 7~ pentaerythritol fatty acid ester') 85.7 0.018 12 8~ Cla ~ .O-(EO)5-H 84.9 0.022 21 9~ (natural fats and oils~pentaeryth- 85.5 0.020 13 ritol)EO/PO adduct 1~* Commercial PPC paper A (natural 84.0 0.004 4' high quality pulp = 100%) I5 2~ cimmercial PPC paper B (containing 72.8 0.018 15 70 wt~ reclaiming pulp) *: Comparative Example; **: Reference Example.
(NOTE) 1) pentaerythritol : hardened tallow oil fatty acid = 1:2 (reaction molar ratio).
2) tallow oil : pentaerythritol = 1:1 (molar ratio of mixture); EO, PO
addition molar number: EO/PO = 42/21 (random addition).
3) Number of remaining toner particles per 9 cm'.
4) Number of foreign substances having a diameter of not less than 60 m was determined instead of that of the remaining toner particles.
20æ547 Examples 61 to 79 The same procedures used in Examples 47 to 60 except that the deinking agents listed in Table 6 were used. The properties of the resulting pulp sheet evaluated are listed in Table 6.
Table 6 Ex. Deinking Agent Used White- Remain- No. of Rem-ing Ink aining toner No. (weight ratio) ness (~ area) ( 5 60~ )"
61 Sample No.1/C~8H" OE015P025H(R)=80/20 87.8 0.002 3 62 Sample No.2/CI6H3,0EOlOPO15H(B)=60/40 87.6 0.003 3 63 Sample No.3/C~4H2.0E035P018H(R)=90/10 87.4 0.004 5 64 Sample No.4/C20H.~OE030P020HtR)=40/60 87.3 0.004 4 65 Sample No.5/CI8H3,0EO15PO35H(B)=25/75 87.6 0.003 3 66 Sample No.6/CI6H330EO30PO25H(R)=65/35 87.7 0.003 3 67 Sample No.7/C22H,sOE030P016H(B)=30/70 86.4 0.003 3 68 Sample No.8/C~8H3,0E020P03SH(B)=35/65 86.3 0.005 5 69 Sample No~9Jcl~H2~oEo25po24H(R)=7sJ25 87.5 0.003 4 70 Sample No~loJG ~H2soEol5po28H(B)=9oJlo 87.4 0.004 4 71 Sample No.11/C,~Ha70E020P035H(R)=75/25 87.5 0.004 3 72 Sample No.12/G 0H410E030P020H(B)=65/35 87.5 0.004 3 73 Sample No.1/hardened tallow oil fatty 87.4 0.004 4 acid = 90/10 74 Sample No.2/tallow oil fatty acid= 87.3 0.005 5 75 Sample No.6/castor oil fatty acid 87.3 0.004 5 ` ' .
= 90/10 76 Sample No.7/stearic acid = 95/5 87.2 0.005 5 77 Sample No.13/G~H2aOEO35POl8H(R)=90/10 87.8 0.004 4 78 Sample No.14/C" H450EO30PO16H(B)=30/70 87.6 0.003 3 79 Sample No.13/hardened tallow oil 87.3 0.005 5 fatty acid = 85/15 (NOTE) 1) Number of remaining toner particles present per 9 cm'.
.
I O
~ ; 15 ::
' , .
Claims (19)
1. A deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper comprising (1) a polyoxyalkylene adduct of a higher fatty acid ester of polyhydric alcohol, which ester has one to three terminal OH groups, wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, the polyhydric alcohol has at least 4 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200 and the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or (2) a higher fatty acid ester of a polyoxyalkylene adduct of polyhydric alcohol wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200, the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the ester has one to three terminal OH
groups.
groups.
2. The deinking agent of claim 1 wherein the polyhydric alcohol is a trivalent or tetravalent alcohol having carbon atoms of 4 to 7.
3. The deinking agent of claim 2 wherein the polyhydric alcohol is at least one member selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,3-butanetriol, 1,2,3-pentanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,3-propanetriol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,3,4-pentanetriol, diglycerin and polyglycerin.
4. The deinking agent of claim 1 wherein the higher fatty acid has 10 to 22 carbon atoms.
5. The deinking agent of claim 1 wherein the alkylene oxide is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide.
6. The deinking agent of claim 1 wherein the total molar number of added alkylene oxide ranges from 20 to 150.
7. The deinking agent of claim 1 wherein the polyhydric alcohol is a trivalent and the ester has one to two terminal OH groups.
8. The deinking agent of claim 1 wherein the polyhydric alcohol is a tetravalent and the ester has one to three terminal OH groups.
9. A deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper comprising (A) (1) a polyoxyalkylene adduct of a higher fatty acid ester of polyhydric alcohol, which ester has one to three terminal OH groups, wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, the polyhydric alcohol has at least 4 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is
10 to 200 and the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or (2) a higher fatty acid ester of a polyoxyalkylene adduct of polyhydric alcohol wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200, the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the ester has one to three terminal OH
groups ; and (B) a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or (II):
R1O(AO) m H (I) R2COOM (II) wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms; AO
represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; m is a number ranging from 5 to 100; R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group having 7 to 23 carbon atoms and M
represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an ammonium or an alkanolamine.
10. The deinking agent of claim 9 wherein a molar number of added alkylene oxide of the compound of the formula (I) ranges from 10 to 80.
groups ; and (B) a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or (II):
R1O(AO) m H (I) R2COOM (II) wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms; AO
represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; m is a number ranging from 5 to 100; R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group having 7 to 23 carbon atoms and M
represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an ammonium or an alkanolamine.
10. The deinking agent of claim 9 wherein a molar number of added alkylene oxide of the compound of the formula (I) ranges from 10 to 80.
11. The deinking agent of claim 9 wherein a weight ratio of the component (A) to the component (B) represented by the formula (I) ranges from 95/5 to 10/90.
12. The deinking agent of claim 9 wherein a weight ratio of the component (A) to the component (B) represented by the formula (II) ranges from 95/5 to 20/80.
13. A flotation method for deinking from reclaiming waste paper which comprises the steps of adding effective amount of a deinking agent comprising (1) a polyoxyalkylene adduct of a higher fatty acid ester of polyhydric alcohol, which ester has one to three terminal OH groups, wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, the polyhydric alcohol has at least 4 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200 and the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or (2) a higher fatty acid ester of a polyoxyalkylene adduct of polyhydric alcohol wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200, the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the ester has one to three terminal OH groups to reclaiming waste paper and conducting flotation.
14. A flotation method of claim 13 wherein the polyhydric alcohol is a trivalent or tetravalent alcohol having carbon atoms of 4 to 7.
15. A flotation method of claim 13 wherein the higher fatty acid has 10 to 22 carbon atoms.
16. A flotation method of claim 13 wherein the alkylene oxide is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide.
17. A flotation method of claim 13 wherein the polyhydric alcohol is a trivalent and the ester has one to two terminal OH groups.
18. A flotation method of claim 13 wherein the polyhydric alcohol is a tetravalent and the ester has one to three terminal OH groups.
19. A flotation method for deinking from reclaiming waste paper which comprises the steps of adding effective amount of a deinking agent comprising (A) (1) a polyoxyalkylene adduct of a higher fatty acid ester of polyhydric alcohol, which ester has one to three terminal OH
groups, wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, the polyhydric alcohol has at least 4 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200 and the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or (2) a higher fatty acid ester of a polyoxyalkylene adduct of polyhydric alcohol wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200, the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the ester has one to three terminal OH groups and (B) a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or (II):
R1O(AO) m H (I) R2COOM (II) wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms; AO
represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; m is a number ranging from 5 to 100; R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group having 7 to 23 carbon atoms and M
represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an ammonium or an alkanolamine, to reclaiming waste paper and conducting flotation.
groups, wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, the polyhydric alcohol has at least 4 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200 and the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or (2) a higher fatty acid ester of a polyoxyalkylene adduct of polyhydric alcohol wherein the higher fatty acid has 8 to 24 carbon atoms, total molar number of added alkylene oxide is 10 to 200, the alkylene oxide has 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the ester has one to three terminal OH groups and (B) a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or (II):
R1O(AO) m H (I) R2COOM (II) wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms; AO
represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; m is a number ranging from 5 to 100; R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group having 7 to 23 carbon atoms and M
represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an ammonium or an alkanolamine, to reclaiming waste paper and conducting flotation.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP329495/1990 | 1990-11-30 | ||
| JP2339495A JPH079056B2 (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1990-11-30 | Flux for hot-dip metal plating by dry flux method and method for producing hot-dip metal plated steel material using this flux |
| JP13023391A JPH055291A (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1991-05-07 | Deinking agent for reclamation of waste paper |
| JP130233/1991 | 1991-05-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2056547A1 true CA2056547A1 (en) | 1992-05-31 |
Family
ID=33542773
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2056547 Abandoned CA2056547A1 (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1991-11-28 | Deinking agent for reclaiming waste paper |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2056547A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6666950B2 (en) | 2001-11-28 | 2003-12-23 | Basf Ag | Process for deinking paper using a triglyceride |
| CN103396697A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-11-20 | 威尔（福建）生物有限公司 | Low-foaming liquid polyether waste paper deinking agent and synthetic method thereof |
-
1991
- 1991-11-28 CA CA 2056547 patent/CA2056547A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6666950B2 (en) | 2001-11-28 | 2003-12-23 | Basf Ag | Process for deinking paper using a triglyceride |
| CN103396697A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-11-20 | 威尔（福建）生物有限公司 | Low-foaming liquid polyether waste paper deinking agent and synthetic method thereof |
| CN103396697B (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-08-06 | 威尔（福建）生物有限公司 | Low-foaming liquid polyether waste paper deinking agent and synthetic method thereof |
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