CA2056126A1 - Soap bars with the appearance of finished wood grain - Google Patents
Soap bars with the appearance of finished wood grainInfo
- Publication number
- CA2056126A1 CA2056126A1 CA002056126A CA2056126A CA2056126A1 CA 2056126 A1 CA2056126 A1 CA 2056126A1 CA 002056126 A CA002056126 A CA 002056126A CA 2056126 A CA2056126 A CA 2056126A CA 2056126 A1 CA2056126 A1 CA 2056126A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- soap
- iron oxide
- appearance
- pigment
- nacreous pigment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 241000758789 Juglans Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000184861 Juglans nigra Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000208140 Acer Species 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001282736 Oriens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane;methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1.C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/44—Perfumes; Colouring materials; Brightening agents ; Bleaching agents
- C11D9/444—Dyes; Pigments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
- C11D13/14—Shaping
- C11D13/18—Shaping by extrusion or pressing
Abstract
SOAP BARS WITH THE APPEARANCE OF FINISHED WOOD GRAIN
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A soap bar having the appearance of a polished wood grain is prepared by mixing the soap formulation with an iron oxide coated micaceous pearlescent pigment and extruding the combination such that the iron oxide coated micaceous pearlescent pigment is oriented generally unidirectionally.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A soap bar having the appearance of a polished wood grain is prepared by mixing the soap formulation with an iron oxide coated micaceous pearlescent pigment and extruding the combination such that the iron oxide coated micaceous pearlescent pigment is oriented generally unidirectionally.
Description
2 ~ 2 6 SOAP BARS WITH THE APPEARAIilCE OF FINIS~lED WpOD GRAIN
Soap bars exhibiting a wood grain like appearance are known. They have been prepared by mixing conventional pigments with the soap formulation which is then processed into a bar in the conventional fashion. Such soap bars, however, have a dull appearance and the wood grain pattern is flat so that the bars do not resemble the appearance of a genuine wood finish. More particularly, such soap bars resemble some of the veneers commonly used in furniture finishing in which the wood pattern of the veneer is obtained by a printing process. It is both dull and flat and does not have the appearance of wood.
Wood for structural, furniture and other finishing processes is obtained from the trunks and heavy branches o~ trees, specifically the xylem portion, which is the interior of ~he tree. The wood consists largely and usually of highly oriented fibers, primarily cellulose, along with other natural products, frequently with variations in color. It is this highly oriented cellulose fiber structure which imparts the characteristic appearance to the wood.
If a sample of finished wood with a flat surface is examined, it can be seen that the pattern of 2Q~6~2~
light and dark areas show some depth, and as the angle of observation is chansed with respect to the light, some shifts in the pattern, albeit slight, can be seen.
Some types of wood, for example American walnut, show this depth pattern to a greater extent than others.
Further, wood samples with flat surfaces that have been qiven a finish with an appropriate lacquer have high gloss while unfinished wood may appear dull because of light scattering by the surface.
Japanese patent publication 54 26807 describes soaps having a pearly gloss and a wood grain pattern which are prepared by extruding a soap formulation containing pearly substances through nets or porous sheets and then molding. The wood grain pattern is obtained using conventional pigments and the pearly lustre achieved using titanium dioxide coated mica, bismu~h oxychloride and fish scales9 It will be appreciated that natural wood grain is not pearly in appearance and an article made to appear pearly does not show a natural finished wood grain effect. Thus the appearance of a polished wood article and an object made of mother-of-pearl are entirely different.
It will there~ore be appreciated that the prior art has not been able to produce soap bars which bear a strong resemblance to polished or finished wood, Accordingly, it is the object of this invention to provide a process for producing a soap bar bearing a strong resemblance to polished or finished wood and to provide the resulting extruded soap bars. This and other objects of the invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in this art from the following detailed description.
-` 2~6~26 This invention relates to soap bars with the appearance of a finished wood grain and the me~hod by which soap bars are produced. More particularly, extruded soap bars with the appearance of a finished wood ~rain are obtained by combining a soap formulation with iron oxide coated micaceous nacreous pi~ment and then extruding the combination such that the iron oxide coated micaceous pigment is orien~ed generally unidirectionally.
Extruded soap bars are conventionally prepared by processing a soap formulation containing the soap forming components through an amalgamator, refiner, plodder, cutter and press. The amalgamator and refiner primarily mix the components and make the soap formulation homogeneous. The plodder is essentially an extruder from which an extruded soap is obtained in continuous form. The continuous extruded soap is then cut into appropriate lengths to approximate the desired bar size by the cutter, and the press is used to shape the soap into its final configuration. The present invention utilizes the foregoing conventional process steps with two modifications. First, a wood grain appearance amount of an iron oxide coated micaceous nacreous pigment is included in the soap formulation components and secondly, the formulation is extruded in such a way that the iron oxide coated micaceous nacreous pigment in the extrudate is oriented generally in a uniaxial direction.
2 ~ 1 2 6 The usual soap forming mixtures currently used to produce a translucent or opaque soap bar can be used in the present invention. It is preferred to use a translucent soap base formulation in the present invention because the resulting wood grain appearance will be brighter and sharper. Opaque ~ases can be used, however, if free of pigmentary titanium dioxide.
To this conventional soap formulation is added an iron oxide coated micaceous nacreous pigment in an amount appropriate to produce the desired finished wood grain appearance. In general this amount is in the range of about 0.3 to 5 % and preferably about 0.4 to 1 %. The iron oxide coated micaceous nacreous pigments are well known and many are commercially available. Typical examples are those products of the Mearl Coporation sold under the trademarks Cloisonne Gold Bronze, Cloisonne Copper, Cloisonne Rouge Flambe, Cloisonne Super Bronze, Cloisonne Super Copper and Cloisonne Super Rouge. When appropriate for the wood that is being simulated, the pigment can be a combination metal oxide coated micaceous pigment in which the metal oxides are iron oxide and titanium dioxide. Examples of such pearlescent pigments include Cloisonne Gold and Cloisonne Orange which are ava;lable from the Mearl Corporation.
Some woods have black or dark striations and to stimulate this appearance, it is advantageous to include a black pigmen~ or a pearlescent pigment which has a black pigment adhering to its surfaces in the soap formulation. Suitable black pigments are carbon black and black iron oxide which can be used alone or adhering to an iron oxide coated micaceous pigment. An " 20~612~
example of an iron oxide coated mica nacreous pigment containing black iron oxide is Cloisonne Nu-Antique Copper. Pearlescent pigments which have some blackness or darkness in appearance due to the structure of the pearlescen~ pigment can also be used. They include adsorbed organic dyes having a dark color, reduced forms f TiO2, MnO2, Fe203 and the like. It will be appreciated that the term "pearlescent" as used in this specification means a pearl-like or nacreous luster as distinct from a pearl appearance. To further adjust the soap base formulation for the par~icular color effects desired, supplemental addition of small amounts of conventional soap colorants may be employed.
If desired, a suitable fragrance can be employed and when used is generally present in an amount of about 0.5 to 5 %.
The soap base formulation, iron oxide nacreous pigment and optional fragrance component are amalgamated and homogenized in the conventional soap making fashion. If this mixture was then extruded in the conventional fashion, the desired wood grain appearance would not be achieved. The mixture would not yield a good orientation since soap formulations intended for extrusion are largely liquid crystals in structure and do not provide viscosity conditions which lead to good orientation of the iron oxide coated mica platety particles. The particles must be oriented in a generally unidirectional manner. Thus, in a conventional xyz plot, with x as the abscissa, z as the ordinate, and y axis perpendicular to the plane of the paper, the direction of extrusion is the positive x-axis. The pearlescent platelets will be oriented in 20~6~2~
the positive x-axis direction. ~owever, the platelets themselves will have different orientations around the x-axis, bearing in mind that the long axis of the extruded soap bar is the x-axis. As a result, when the surface of the soap bar in the xy plane is illuminated in the xz plane, very little change in reflectivity will be seen with changiny angles of illumination or viewiny. When the same surface is illuminated in the yz plane, some specular reflection will be seen at a variety of angles of illumination and viewing. As a result, the desired appearance will be achieved.
In order to achieve the necessary orientation, the soap formulation is extruded through a perforated plate. The open area of the plate occupies about 20 to 40~, preferably about 25% to 35%, of the total surface area of the plate. The openings in the plate have a size of about 0.3 to 2.0 mm and are preferably about 0.5 to 1.5 mm. It is possible to obtain some orientation with perforated plates having larger open areas or proportions of open areas and even without a perforated plate, but the wood grain patterns realized are poor and do not have the attractive appearance of good wood. Limiting the open area of this perforated plate can increase the back pressure for extrusion, but this is necessary in order to achieve the desired appearance. If desired, further variations in the pattern being obtained can be realized by the use of an additional plate or plates beyond the perforated plate where ~he added plate(s) have a totally different pattern such as large slotted disks. This makes it possible to achieve an extruded soap bar pattern with orientation variations similar to 205~1 26 natural wood. The extrusion is carried out at a generally elevated temperature, as is conventional, of about 40-50~C in the case of a translucent base 50ap formulation and 55-75C in the case of an opaque soap base formulation. A lower temperature is used in the former case because of the lower softening point of the composition due to the presence of additional polyhydroxy compounds.
After exiting the extruder, the soap is cut into appropriate sizes and each of the bars is shaped using a mold in a press, as is conventional.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, various examples are given below. In these examples, as well as in the rest of this specification and claims, all parts and percentages are by weight and all temperatures and degrees centigrade unless otherwise indicated.
Soap with mohagany wood grain appearance.
Chips of an opaque soap base containing 85%
anhydrous fatty acid sodium soap, 1% glycerine and 13%
water were employed. The anhydrous soap portion of the ch;ps contained 15% coconut fatty acid sodium soap and 85% hydrogenated tallow fatty acid sodium soap. The chips (990 gm) were combined with 5 grams of sandlewood fragrance and 5 grams of an iron oxide coated mica pigment which consisted of mica platelets wi~h an average particle size of 20 microns having a coating of Fe2O3 and Tio2 on its surfaces. The approximate composition of the pigment was 53% mica, 43% Fe2O3 and 49~ Tio2.
2~6~2~
The mixture was first amalgamated using the amalgamator part of a 3 inch (ca. 7.62 cm) Simplex Mazzoni Soap Ex~ruder. The mixture ~as then refined by being passed twice through a Mazzoni La~oratory Plodder, which is essen~ially an extruder having a 3 inch inside diameter. The plodder was then fitted in sequence at the end of the extrusion screw with a perforated plate which contained 75 one millimeter diameter openings per square inch, a compression nozzle and a 3/4" x 1 3/8" (ca. 1.9 x 3.5 cm) rectangular die.
The compression nozzle was heated to about 75C. The refined soap strands were collected and returned to feed hopper of the plodder and a soap log having a rectangular cross section was extruded. The log was divided into billets of about 10-12 cm in length and then subjected to pressing in a soap press to form soap bars. The resulting soap bars had the characteristic wood grain appearance of finished mahogany.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE lA
Example 1 was repeated using 984.6 grams of the opaque soap base chips, 3.7 grams of a titanium dioxide coated mica pigment, 0.2 grams of a pigmentary iron oxide (Cosmetic Iron Oxide Brown B-3279 from H
Kohnstamm), 1.5 grams of a second pigmentary iron oxide (Cosmetic Iron Oxide Burnt Sienna T-2817R from H
Kohnstamm), and 10 grams of fragrance. The final soap bars had weak wood patterns and resembled a print of a wood pattern rather than display;ng the depth of real wood.
2 ~ 2 6 g Soap with appearance of American walnut wood grain A translucent soap formulation in the form of chips containing 83% anhydrous soap, g% glycerine and 13% moisture were used in an amount of 952 grams. They were combined with 44.5 grams of fragrance; 2.3 grams of a first nacreous pigment and 1.2 grams of a second nacreous pigment. The first nacreous pigment consisted of 20 micron mica platelets coated with Fe2O3 and TiO2 such that the approximate composition of the pigment was 65~ mica, 32% Fe2O3 and 3% Tio2. A second nacreous pigment was the nacreous pigment used in Example 1 which additionally contained 15% by weigh~ of black iron oxlde.
The formulation was amalgamated and the mixture refined three times through the Mazzoni Plodder using the perforated plate described in Example 1. The refined soap strands were returned to the plodder, leaving the perforated pla~e in place and inserting a slotted disk with ~he slots oriented vertically. The slotted disk had nine slots of 6 millimeters in width and lengths varying from 7 cm at the center of the disk to 1.7 cm near the edge. The disk caused some dark areas in the extruded soap, due to disorientation of the platy particles of the pigment which contains some black iron oxide.
The compression nozzle was clamped in place and fitted with a plate having a 3/4 inch tca. 1.9 cm) diameter hold to facilitate packing of the compression cone. The compression nozzle was heated to about 50~C
20~2~
and when the extruded soap rod was cohesive, the plate used for packing was replaced by a die-disk having a 3/4" x 1 3/8" ractangular opening. The extruded rectangular soap log was cut into billets oE
appropria~e size which were then pressed into soap bars having the characteristic wood grain appearance of finish~d American walnut.
The procedure of Example 2 was followed - except that the pigmen~s were replaced with 1O18 grams of a first pigmentary iron oxide (Cosmetic Iron O~ide Umber A-8534 from H. Kohnstamm), 0.18 grams of a second ~ pigmentary iron oxide (Cosmetic Iron Oxide Black A-8214 from H. Kohnstamm) and 2.14 grams of a titanium dioxide coated mica nacreous pigment. The resulting soap bars had a flat appearance giving no impression of the wood.
In contrast, the bars of Example 2 had a rich, three dimensional polished wood appearance.
EXAMPL~ 3 Maple Wood grain appearance soap bar A translucent soap base (968.5 grams) was combined with 20 yrams of fragrance, 10 grams of a titanium dioxide coated mica nacreous pigment containing 77% mica and 23% TiO2 and 1.5 grams of an iron oxide coated nacreous pigment containing 61% mica, 35% TiO2 and 4% Fe2O3. The procedure of Example 2 was followed employing two passes using the perforated disk followed by one pass using the stainless steel screen with 0.5 mm openings. During extrusion, the screen support and perforated disk were used. The resulting 2~612~
soap bars had the characteristic wood grain appearance of finished and polished maple.
EXAMPLE ~
Oak appearing soap bar Combined were 978.4 grams of a translucent soap base, 15 grams fragrance, 4 grams of a nacreous pigment containing 61% mlca, 35% TiO2 and 4% Fe2O3, 2 grams of a nacreous pigment having about 46% mica, 47%
Tio2 and 7% Cr2O3 and 0.6% of a nacreous pigment of about 65% mica, 32% Fe2O3 and 3% Tio2. The procedure of Example 2 was followed to produce soap bars having the characteristic wood grain appearance of finished oak.
French walnut appearing soap Combined were 975.5 grams of a translucent soap base, 20 grams fragrance, 2.5 grams of an iron oxide coated mica nacreous pigment having about 53%
mica, 43% Fe2O3 and 4~ TiO2 combined with 15% by weight of black iron oxide, and 2% of a nacreous pigment of about 55% mica, 41% Tio2 and 4% Fe2O3. The procedure of Example 3 was followed to achieve the appearance of a French walnut.
The procedure of Example 5 was followed except that the pigments were replaced by 3.18 grams of a titanium dioxide coated mica, 0.38 grams of a first pigmen~ary iron oxide (Cosmetic Iron Oxide Black A-8214) 0.91 ~rams of a second pigmentary iron oxide .
20~2~
(Cosmetic Iron Oxide Umber A-8534) and 0.08 grams of a third pigmentary iron oxide (Cosmetic Iron Oxide Yellow T-3506 from H. Kohnstamm). The soap bars produced had a flat and muddy brown appearance in contrast to the bars of Example 5 which displayed a richr deep brown and lustrous appearance of finished French walnut.
Various changes and modifications can be made to the process and products of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope hereof.
The various embodiments disclosed herein were for the purpose of further illustrating the invention but were not intended to limit it.
Soap bars exhibiting a wood grain like appearance are known. They have been prepared by mixing conventional pigments with the soap formulation which is then processed into a bar in the conventional fashion. Such soap bars, however, have a dull appearance and the wood grain pattern is flat so that the bars do not resemble the appearance of a genuine wood finish. More particularly, such soap bars resemble some of the veneers commonly used in furniture finishing in which the wood pattern of the veneer is obtained by a printing process. It is both dull and flat and does not have the appearance of wood.
Wood for structural, furniture and other finishing processes is obtained from the trunks and heavy branches o~ trees, specifically the xylem portion, which is the interior of ~he tree. The wood consists largely and usually of highly oriented fibers, primarily cellulose, along with other natural products, frequently with variations in color. It is this highly oriented cellulose fiber structure which imparts the characteristic appearance to the wood.
If a sample of finished wood with a flat surface is examined, it can be seen that the pattern of 2Q~6~2~
light and dark areas show some depth, and as the angle of observation is chansed with respect to the light, some shifts in the pattern, albeit slight, can be seen.
Some types of wood, for example American walnut, show this depth pattern to a greater extent than others.
Further, wood samples with flat surfaces that have been qiven a finish with an appropriate lacquer have high gloss while unfinished wood may appear dull because of light scattering by the surface.
Japanese patent publication 54 26807 describes soaps having a pearly gloss and a wood grain pattern which are prepared by extruding a soap formulation containing pearly substances through nets or porous sheets and then molding. The wood grain pattern is obtained using conventional pigments and the pearly lustre achieved using titanium dioxide coated mica, bismu~h oxychloride and fish scales9 It will be appreciated that natural wood grain is not pearly in appearance and an article made to appear pearly does not show a natural finished wood grain effect. Thus the appearance of a polished wood article and an object made of mother-of-pearl are entirely different.
It will there~ore be appreciated that the prior art has not been able to produce soap bars which bear a strong resemblance to polished or finished wood, Accordingly, it is the object of this invention to provide a process for producing a soap bar bearing a strong resemblance to polished or finished wood and to provide the resulting extruded soap bars. This and other objects of the invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in this art from the following detailed description.
-` 2~6~26 This invention relates to soap bars with the appearance of a finished wood grain and the me~hod by which soap bars are produced. More particularly, extruded soap bars with the appearance of a finished wood ~rain are obtained by combining a soap formulation with iron oxide coated micaceous nacreous pi~ment and then extruding the combination such that the iron oxide coated micaceous pigment is orien~ed generally unidirectionally.
Extruded soap bars are conventionally prepared by processing a soap formulation containing the soap forming components through an amalgamator, refiner, plodder, cutter and press. The amalgamator and refiner primarily mix the components and make the soap formulation homogeneous. The plodder is essentially an extruder from which an extruded soap is obtained in continuous form. The continuous extruded soap is then cut into appropriate lengths to approximate the desired bar size by the cutter, and the press is used to shape the soap into its final configuration. The present invention utilizes the foregoing conventional process steps with two modifications. First, a wood grain appearance amount of an iron oxide coated micaceous nacreous pigment is included in the soap formulation components and secondly, the formulation is extruded in such a way that the iron oxide coated micaceous nacreous pigment in the extrudate is oriented generally in a uniaxial direction.
2 ~ 1 2 6 The usual soap forming mixtures currently used to produce a translucent or opaque soap bar can be used in the present invention. It is preferred to use a translucent soap base formulation in the present invention because the resulting wood grain appearance will be brighter and sharper. Opaque ~ases can be used, however, if free of pigmentary titanium dioxide.
To this conventional soap formulation is added an iron oxide coated micaceous nacreous pigment in an amount appropriate to produce the desired finished wood grain appearance. In general this amount is in the range of about 0.3 to 5 % and preferably about 0.4 to 1 %. The iron oxide coated micaceous nacreous pigments are well known and many are commercially available. Typical examples are those products of the Mearl Coporation sold under the trademarks Cloisonne Gold Bronze, Cloisonne Copper, Cloisonne Rouge Flambe, Cloisonne Super Bronze, Cloisonne Super Copper and Cloisonne Super Rouge. When appropriate for the wood that is being simulated, the pigment can be a combination metal oxide coated micaceous pigment in which the metal oxides are iron oxide and titanium dioxide. Examples of such pearlescent pigments include Cloisonne Gold and Cloisonne Orange which are ava;lable from the Mearl Corporation.
Some woods have black or dark striations and to stimulate this appearance, it is advantageous to include a black pigmen~ or a pearlescent pigment which has a black pigment adhering to its surfaces in the soap formulation. Suitable black pigments are carbon black and black iron oxide which can be used alone or adhering to an iron oxide coated micaceous pigment. An " 20~612~
example of an iron oxide coated mica nacreous pigment containing black iron oxide is Cloisonne Nu-Antique Copper. Pearlescent pigments which have some blackness or darkness in appearance due to the structure of the pearlescen~ pigment can also be used. They include adsorbed organic dyes having a dark color, reduced forms f TiO2, MnO2, Fe203 and the like. It will be appreciated that the term "pearlescent" as used in this specification means a pearl-like or nacreous luster as distinct from a pearl appearance. To further adjust the soap base formulation for the par~icular color effects desired, supplemental addition of small amounts of conventional soap colorants may be employed.
If desired, a suitable fragrance can be employed and when used is generally present in an amount of about 0.5 to 5 %.
The soap base formulation, iron oxide nacreous pigment and optional fragrance component are amalgamated and homogenized in the conventional soap making fashion. If this mixture was then extruded in the conventional fashion, the desired wood grain appearance would not be achieved. The mixture would not yield a good orientation since soap formulations intended for extrusion are largely liquid crystals in structure and do not provide viscosity conditions which lead to good orientation of the iron oxide coated mica platety particles. The particles must be oriented in a generally unidirectional manner. Thus, in a conventional xyz plot, with x as the abscissa, z as the ordinate, and y axis perpendicular to the plane of the paper, the direction of extrusion is the positive x-axis. The pearlescent platelets will be oriented in 20~6~2~
the positive x-axis direction. ~owever, the platelets themselves will have different orientations around the x-axis, bearing in mind that the long axis of the extruded soap bar is the x-axis. As a result, when the surface of the soap bar in the xy plane is illuminated in the xz plane, very little change in reflectivity will be seen with changiny angles of illumination or viewiny. When the same surface is illuminated in the yz plane, some specular reflection will be seen at a variety of angles of illumination and viewing. As a result, the desired appearance will be achieved.
In order to achieve the necessary orientation, the soap formulation is extruded through a perforated plate. The open area of the plate occupies about 20 to 40~, preferably about 25% to 35%, of the total surface area of the plate. The openings in the plate have a size of about 0.3 to 2.0 mm and are preferably about 0.5 to 1.5 mm. It is possible to obtain some orientation with perforated plates having larger open areas or proportions of open areas and even without a perforated plate, but the wood grain patterns realized are poor and do not have the attractive appearance of good wood. Limiting the open area of this perforated plate can increase the back pressure for extrusion, but this is necessary in order to achieve the desired appearance. If desired, further variations in the pattern being obtained can be realized by the use of an additional plate or plates beyond the perforated plate where ~he added plate(s) have a totally different pattern such as large slotted disks. This makes it possible to achieve an extruded soap bar pattern with orientation variations similar to 205~1 26 natural wood. The extrusion is carried out at a generally elevated temperature, as is conventional, of about 40-50~C in the case of a translucent base 50ap formulation and 55-75C in the case of an opaque soap base formulation. A lower temperature is used in the former case because of the lower softening point of the composition due to the presence of additional polyhydroxy compounds.
After exiting the extruder, the soap is cut into appropriate sizes and each of the bars is shaped using a mold in a press, as is conventional.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, various examples are given below. In these examples, as well as in the rest of this specification and claims, all parts and percentages are by weight and all temperatures and degrees centigrade unless otherwise indicated.
Soap with mohagany wood grain appearance.
Chips of an opaque soap base containing 85%
anhydrous fatty acid sodium soap, 1% glycerine and 13%
water were employed. The anhydrous soap portion of the ch;ps contained 15% coconut fatty acid sodium soap and 85% hydrogenated tallow fatty acid sodium soap. The chips (990 gm) were combined with 5 grams of sandlewood fragrance and 5 grams of an iron oxide coated mica pigment which consisted of mica platelets wi~h an average particle size of 20 microns having a coating of Fe2O3 and Tio2 on its surfaces. The approximate composition of the pigment was 53% mica, 43% Fe2O3 and 49~ Tio2.
2~6~2~
The mixture was first amalgamated using the amalgamator part of a 3 inch (ca. 7.62 cm) Simplex Mazzoni Soap Ex~ruder. The mixture ~as then refined by being passed twice through a Mazzoni La~oratory Plodder, which is essen~ially an extruder having a 3 inch inside diameter. The plodder was then fitted in sequence at the end of the extrusion screw with a perforated plate which contained 75 one millimeter diameter openings per square inch, a compression nozzle and a 3/4" x 1 3/8" (ca. 1.9 x 3.5 cm) rectangular die.
The compression nozzle was heated to about 75C. The refined soap strands were collected and returned to feed hopper of the plodder and a soap log having a rectangular cross section was extruded. The log was divided into billets of about 10-12 cm in length and then subjected to pressing in a soap press to form soap bars. The resulting soap bars had the characteristic wood grain appearance of finished mahogany.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE lA
Example 1 was repeated using 984.6 grams of the opaque soap base chips, 3.7 grams of a titanium dioxide coated mica pigment, 0.2 grams of a pigmentary iron oxide (Cosmetic Iron Oxide Brown B-3279 from H
Kohnstamm), 1.5 grams of a second pigmentary iron oxide (Cosmetic Iron Oxide Burnt Sienna T-2817R from H
Kohnstamm), and 10 grams of fragrance. The final soap bars had weak wood patterns and resembled a print of a wood pattern rather than display;ng the depth of real wood.
2 ~ 2 6 g Soap with appearance of American walnut wood grain A translucent soap formulation in the form of chips containing 83% anhydrous soap, g% glycerine and 13% moisture were used in an amount of 952 grams. They were combined with 44.5 grams of fragrance; 2.3 grams of a first nacreous pigment and 1.2 grams of a second nacreous pigment. The first nacreous pigment consisted of 20 micron mica platelets coated with Fe2O3 and TiO2 such that the approximate composition of the pigment was 65~ mica, 32% Fe2O3 and 3% Tio2. A second nacreous pigment was the nacreous pigment used in Example 1 which additionally contained 15% by weigh~ of black iron oxlde.
The formulation was amalgamated and the mixture refined three times through the Mazzoni Plodder using the perforated plate described in Example 1. The refined soap strands were returned to the plodder, leaving the perforated pla~e in place and inserting a slotted disk with ~he slots oriented vertically. The slotted disk had nine slots of 6 millimeters in width and lengths varying from 7 cm at the center of the disk to 1.7 cm near the edge. The disk caused some dark areas in the extruded soap, due to disorientation of the platy particles of the pigment which contains some black iron oxide.
The compression nozzle was clamped in place and fitted with a plate having a 3/4 inch tca. 1.9 cm) diameter hold to facilitate packing of the compression cone. The compression nozzle was heated to about 50~C
20~2~
and when the extruded soap rod was cohesive, the plate used for packing was replaced by a die-disk having a 3/4" x 1 3/8" ractangular opening. The extruded rectangular soap log was cut into billets oE
appropria~e size which were then pressed into soap bars having the characteristic wood grain appearance of finish~d American walnut.
The procedure of Example 2 was followed - except that the pigmen~s were replaced with 1O18 grams of a first pigmentary iron oxide (Cosmetic Iron O~ide Umber A-8534 from H. Kohnstamm), 0.18 grams of a second ~ pigmentary iron oxide (Cosmetic Iron Oxide Black A-8214 from H. Kohnstamm) and 2.14 grams of a titanium dioxide coated mica nacreous pigment. The resulting soap bars had a flat appearance giving no impression of the wood.
In contrast, the bars of Example 2 had a rich, three dimensional polished wood appearance.
EXAMPL~ 3 Maple Wood grain appearance soap bar A translucent soap base (968.5 grams) was combined with 20 yrams of fragrance, 10 grams of a titanium dioxide coated mica nacreous pigment containing 77% mica and 23% TiO2 and 1.5 grams of an iron oxide coated nacreous pigment containing 61% mica, 35% TiO2 and 4% Fe2O3. The procedure of Example 2 was followed employing two passes using the perforated disk followed by one pass using the stainless steel screen with 0.5 mm openings. During extrusion, the screen support and perforated disk were used. The resulting 2~612~
soap bars had the characteristic wood grain appearance of finished and polished maple.
EXAMPLE ~
Oak appearing soap bar Combined were 978.4 grams of a translucent soap base, 15 grams fragrance, 4 grams of a nacreous pigment containing 61% mlca, 35% TiO2 and 4% Fe2O3, 2 grams of a nacreous pigment having about 46% mica, 47%
Tio2 and 7% Cr2O3 and 0.6% of a nacreous pigment of about 65% mica, 32% Fe2O3 and 3% Tio2. The procedure of Example 2 was followed to produce soap bars having the characteristic wood grain appearance of finished oak.
French walnut appearing soap Combined were 975.5 grams of a translucent soap base, 20 grams fragrance, 2.5 grams of an iron oxide coated mica nacreous pigment having about 53%
mica, 43% Fe2O3 and 4~ TiO2 combined with 15% by weight of black iron oxide, and 2% of a nacreous pigment of about 55% mica, 41% Tio2 and 4% Fe2O3. The procedure of Example 3 was followed to achieve the appearance of a French walnut.
The procedure of Example 5 was followed except that the pigments were replaced by 3.18 grams of a titanium dioxide coated mica, 0.38 grams of a first pigmen~ary iron oxide (Cosmetic Iron Oxide Black A-8214) 0.91 ~rams of a second pigmentary iron oxide .
20~2~
(Cosmetic Iron Oxide Umber A-8534) and 0.08 grams of a third pigmentary iron oxide (Cosmetic Iron Oxide Yellow T-3506 from H. Kohnstamm). The soap bars produced had a flat and muddy brown appearance in contrast to the bars of Example 5 which displayed a richr deep brown and lustrous appearance of finished French walnut.
Various changes and modifications can be made to the process and products of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope hereof.
The various embodiments disclosed herein were for the purpose of further illustrating the invention but were not intended to limit it.
Claims (14)
1. A soap bar having the appearance of a polished wood grain containing a generally unidirectionally oriented iron oxide coated micaceous nacreous pigment.
2. The soap bar of claim 1 containing about 0.3 - 5% of said pigment.
3. The soap bar of claim 2 comprising an opaque soap formulation free of pigmentary titanium dioxide and containing 0.4 - 1% of said iron oxide coated mica nacreous pigment.
4. The soap bar of claim 1 comprising an opaque soap formulation free of pigmentary titanium dioxide and said nacreous pigment.
5. The soap bar of claim 4 comprising an opaque soap formulation free of pigmentary titanium dioxide and said nacreous pigment.
6. The soap bar of claim 1 comprising a translucent soap formulation and said nacreous pigment.
7. A method of preparing soap having a wood grain appearance which comprises combining a soap formulation with iron oxide coated mica nacreous pigment and extruding the combination such that the iron oxide coated mica nacreous pigment is oriented generally unidirectionally in the extruded soap.
8. The method of claim 4 in which the mixture is extruded through a perforated plate in which the perforations have a size of about 0.5 to 2 mm and occupy about 20 to 40% of the surface area of the plate.
9. The method of claim 8 in which the perforations have a size of about 0.3 to 2.0 mm and occupy about 20 - 40% of the surface area.
10. The method of claim 7 in which the combination contains about 0.3 - 5% of said pigment.
11. The method of claim 10 in which the combination contains an opaque soap formulation free of pigmentary titanium dioxide and containing 0.4 - 1% of said iron oxide coated mica nacreous pigment.
12. The method of claim 7 in which the combination contains an opaque soap formulation free of pigmentary titanium dioxide and said nacreous pigment.
13. The method of claim 13 in which the combination contains an opaque soap formulation free of pigmentary titanium dioxide and said nacreous pigment.
14. The method of claim 7 in which the combination contains a translucent soap formulation and said nacreous pigment.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US617,544 | 1990-11-26 | ||
| US07/617,544 US5196131A (en) | 1990-11-26 | 1990-11-26 | Soap bars with the appearance of finished wood grain |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2056126A1 true CA2056126A1 (en) | 1992-05-27 |
Family
ID=24474064
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002056126A Abandoned CA2056126A1 (en) | 1990-11-26 | 1991-11-25 | Soap bars with the appearance of finished wood grain |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5196131A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0488920B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0710998B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE128483T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2056126A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69113410T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0488920T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2078489T3 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3018347T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20010016993A (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-03-05 | 김성오 | Soup with pearl pattern |
| KR100382046B1 (en) * | 2000-10-10 | 2003-04-26 | 김성오 | Soap with pearl pattern comprising coated powder |
| US6990904B2 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2006-01-31 | International Imaging Materials, Inc | Thermal transfer assembly for ceramic imaging |
| US6854386B2 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2005-02-15 | International Imaging Materials Inc. | Ceramic decal assembly |
| US6796733B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2004-09-28 | International Imaging Materials Inc. | Thermal transfer ribbon with frosting ink layer |
| US6852260B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2005-02-08 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Process for preparing cleansing bars having well-defined platelet striations therein |
| US6706675B1 (en) | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-16 | The Dial Corporation | Translucent soap bar composition and method of making the same |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE759469A (en) * | 1969-11-29 | 1971-05-26 | Merck Patent Gmbh | PEARL GLOSS PIGMENT AND THEIR METHODS OF |
| DE2006666A1 (en) * | 1970-02-13 | 1971-08-19 | Cockerill-Ougree-Providence, Serainglez-Liege (Belgien) | Pearly lustre soap from opaque soap base |
| US3656982A (en) * | 1970-05-04 | 1972-04-18 | Mallinckrodt Chemical Works | Pearlescent pigment |
| DE2244298C3 (en) * | 1972-09-09 | 1975-06-19 | Merck Patent Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt | Pearlescent pigments and processes for their manufacture |
| DE2313331C2 (en) * | 1973-03-17 | 1986-11-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt | Mica flake pigments containing iron oxide |
| DE3636075A1 (en) * | 1986-10-23 | 1988-04-28 | Merck Patent Gmbh | COSMETIC PREPARATIONS |
| US4879063A (en) * | 1987-06-05 | 1989-11-07 | The Dial Corporation | Process for making translucent soap bars |
-
1990
- 1990-11-26 US US07/617,544 patent/US5196131A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-11-25 CA CA002056126A patent/CA2056126A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-11-25 AT AT91440101T patent/ATE128483T1/en active
- 1991-11-25 DE DE69113410T patent/DE69113410T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-25 ES ES91440101T patent/ES2078489T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-25 DK DK91440101.3T patent/DK0488920T3/en active
- 1991-11-25 EP EP91440101A patent/EP0488920B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1991-11-26 JP JP3335566A patent/JPH0710998B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-12-08 GR GR950403466T patent/GR3018347T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0488920B1 (en) | 1995-09-27 |
| JPH04268400A (en) | 1992-09-24 |
| DE69113410T2 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
| ATE128483T1 (en) | 1995-10-15 |
| DE69113410D1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
| ES2078489T3 (en) | 1995-12-16 |
| US5196131A (en) | 1993-03-23 |
| DK0488920T3 (en) | 1996-02-05 |
| EP0488920A3 (en) | 1993-01-20 |
| JPH0710998B2 (en) | 1995-02-08 |
| GR3018347T3 (en) | 1996-03-31 |
| EP0488920A2 (en) | 1992-06-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 19981125 |