CA2055271A1 - Silicate - Google Patents
SilicateInfo
- Publication number
- CA2055271A1 CA2055271A1 CA002055271A CA2055271A CA2055271A1 CA 2055271 A1 CA2055271 A1 CA 2055271A1 CA 002055271 A CA002055271 A CA 002055271A CA 2055271 A CA2055271 A CA 2055271A CA 2055271 A1 CA2055271 A1 CA 2055271A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- silicate
- weight
- alkalimetal
- potassium
- sodium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/32—Alkali metal silicates
- C01B33/325—After-treatment, e.g. purification or stabilisation of solutions, granulation; Dissolution; Obtaining solid silicate, e.g. from a solution by spray-drying, flashing off water or adding a coagulant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/08—Silicates
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The invention concerns a solid alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:M20 from about 1.5 to about 3, in which M is an alkalimetal substantially consisting of sodium and potassium. The silicate contains from about 1 and up to about 5% by weight of K20 based on the dry material and the water content being from about 16 to about 25% by weight based on the total weight.
Further, the invention concerns a method of its preparation, its use and a cleaning agent composition containing the silicate above.
The invention concerns a solid alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:M20 from about 1.5 to about 3, in which M is an alkalimetal substantially consisting of sodium and potassium. The silicate contains from about 1 and up to about 5% by weight of K20 based on the dry material and the water content being from about 16 to about 25% by weight based on the total weight.
Further, the invention concerns a method of its preparation, its use and a cleaning agent composition containing the silicate above.
Description
2~55~
SILICATE
The present invention concerns solid alkali metal silicate comprising sodium and potassium. The silicate also contains from about 1 to about 5 ~ by weight of K2O and has a water content from about 17 to about 25% by weight. The invention also concerns a method of its preparation, its use and cleaning compositions containing such silicate.
Sodium metasilicate, i.le. sodium silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:Na20 of about 1, is frequently used in lo cleaning products such as washing and dishwasher agents.
The silicate inhibits corrosion on glass, glazing and metal parts and also functions as an alkali generating agent.
Generally, granules of pentahydrate are used, which gra-nules dissolve quickly in water. However, many products contain metasilicate in such a high amount that a very high alkalinity is obtained, which renders the products corro-sive and unpleasant to handle.
Less alkalinity but the same protection against corrosion can be obtained by the use of sodium silicates having a higher molar ratio SiO2:Na2O, for example disili-cates whose molar ratio is about 2. For use in high con-centrated cleaning products it is highly desirable that the silicate has as high a bulk density as possible. A spray dried powder of disilicate may be brought to granules with suitable size and high bulk density by compacting, which for example is shown in US, A, 3835216. However, such compacted disilicates dissolve too slowly in water to be useful in commercial products in practice.
From US, A, 3918921 alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:M2O of 3.92 including both sodium and potassium is known, but it has not been compacted. Further, nothing is said whether the bulk density or the solubility are affected by the composition of the silicate.
In US, A, 3931036 the possibility of compacting potassium si:Licate is mentioned, but no such experiments have been performed and there is no indication of what the result would be. Neither is disilicate comprising both sodium and potassium mentioned.
, ` :~; ' ' : , , ' ' 2i[~55i27~
From US 4022704 sodium silicate containing additives such as sodium carbonate is known. The preferred content o~
additives is more than 80% by weight based on the sodium silicate.
The object of the present invention is ~o provide a solid alkalimetal silicate which dissolves quickly in water and gives less al~alinity than corresponding metasilicate.
This has now been found possible as it has appeared that a silicate with a certain water content and containing a small amount of potassium has considerably imp~oved proper-ties compared to previously known silicates.
Thus, the invention concerns a alkalimetal silicate according to claim 1. More specifically, it concerns a solid alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:M2O
from about 1.5 to about 3, preferably from about 1.8 to about 2.5, in which M is an alkalimetal substantially consisting of sodium and potassium. If the molar ratio is too low the silicate will be too alkalic while the solu-bility in water decreases at high molar ratios. The sili-cate contains from about 1, preferably from about 2 and up to about 5, preferably up to about 4% by weight of K2O
based on the dry material, and has a water content from about 16, preferably from about 18, most preferably from about 20 and up to about 25, preferably up to about 22% by weight based on the total weight. The silicate may also contain sodium carbonate, for example from about 7 to about 20, preferably from about 7 to about 15, most preferably from about 8 to about 12% by weight based on the dry material. The dry material refers to M2O + SiO2 ~ Na2CO3, if present.
It has been found that the rate of dissolution of a pure sodium disilicate increase with the water content up to about 20% by weight. At higher water contents, however, the rate of dissolution is lower, especially if tha mate-rial is compacted. This is probably due to the fact that aphase transition occurs when the silicate is sub;ected to pressure. Through the invention it has, however, been found that if the silicate includes small amounts of potassium, .: .
~: ' 2~i5~:7~.
the rate of dissolution continues to increase with the water content and becomes considerably higher than the rate achieved for a pure sodium silicate. Since solid silicate generally is prepared by drying an aqueous solution, energy can be saved if the drying dloes not have to be conducted - that far. Moreover, a silicate having high water content genPrally also have higher bul~ density and is easier to granulate. It has also be!en found that silicate having lower water content dissolves quicker if it contains potassium according to the invention.
The silicate according to the invention can be in the form of a powder, for example with an average particle diameter from about 60 to about 400 ~m, as well as in the form of granules, for example with an average particle diameter from about 650 to about 900 ~m. In both cases it is preferred that the bulk density exceeds about 800 g/litre, especially that it exceeds about 900 g/litre.
Through the invention it has been found possible to provide a less alkaline silicate with such a high bulk density and with retained high rate of dissolution.
The invention also concerns a method of preparing a silicate according to the above description by drying an aqueous solution of an alkalimetal silicate to a solid state, suitably a powder, having a water content from about 16 to about 25 % by weight, the alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:M2O from about 1.5 to about 3 in which M
is an alkalimetal substantially consisting of sodium and potassium, wherein one or more potassium compounds, prefer-ably potassium hydroxide and/or potassium silicate, is added to the solution prior to the drying or to the dry material in an amount so that the product will contain from about 1 to about 5~ by weight of K2O based on the dry material. Also sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate may be added to the solution prior to the drying or to the dry material so that the product will contain from about 7 to about 20% by weight sodium carbonate based on the dry material. It is preferred that the aqueous solution prior to the drying has a solid content from about 20 to about .
:
2~ 7~.
55% by weight, most preferably from about 30 to about 50 by weight. If the desired product is a powder, all com-ponents, i.e. Na2O, SiO2, K2O and optionally Na2CO3, should be included in the solution w:Lth suitable contents relative to each other prior to the drying. This is also preferred if the end product is in form of granules, in which case, however, it is also possible to add potassium hydroxide, potassium silicate or potassium carbonate and optionally sodium carbonate to the powcler prior to the granulation, either as solids by dry mixing or by spraying an aqueous solution on the dried silicate powder. Concerning preferred contents and amounts it is referred to the description of the product according to the invention.
The drying is preferably performed in a spray dryer, but also other kinds of dryers may be used, such as fluid-bed dryers, rotating ovens and drum dryers. When spray drying, it has surprisingly been found that a higher bulk density of the powder can be obtained if the aqueous solution prior to the drying contains all components according to the invention.
If the dried powder is to be granulated it may be performed by many different methods, such as compacting, extruding, agglomeration in drum or disk, fluid-bed granu-lation, prilling or in different kinds of mixers. Prom these methods compacting is preferred since it is easier to obtain a high bulk density. Most preferred is roll compac-ting, in which method the dried powder is subjected to high pressure between two rolls rotating in opposite directions, pressed against each other and fed with the powder. The rolls may be provided with pockets to form briquettes. In other cases, bigger units are obtained which can be crushed and screened. At compacting, it is also possible to improve the firmness of the granules by adding a small amount of a binding agent in the form of waterglass solution, for example in an amount of about 1 to about 8, preferably from about 2 to about 5% by weight of waterglass solution based on the total weight, wherein the waterglass solution has a preferred dry content from 0 to about 50, especially from .
, ~q~5~i27~.
about 30 to about 45% by weight. Thereby the total water content of the product is slightly increased, generally about 1 percentage unit.
An aqueous solution of sodium silicate may be pr0-pared in a well known way by melting quartz sand withsodium carbonate during liberation of carbon dioxide, whereupon the melt is cooled to a solid ma-terial which is dissolved in water at increased temperature. Alternatively, quartz sand can be dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide at increased pressure and temperature. According to the invention potassium may be added in the form of potassium hydroxide at the dissolution of quartz sand or be added to the solution prior to the drying, ~or example in the form of potassium hydroxide, potassium silicate or potassium carbonate. Sodium carbonate or potassium car-bonate may be dissolved together with quartz sand in sodium hydroxide or be added to the solution prior to the drying.
Further, the invention concerns the use of a silicate according to the above description as a corrosion pro-tecting and/or alkali generating substance at cleaning,such as dishwashing, washing up or washing, preferably in a machine. At use, a silicate according to the invention is dissolved in water to a preferred content from about 0.1 to about 4 grams/litre, most preferably from about 0.5 to about 2 grams/litre, preferably together with other active substances such as surfactants, other alkali generating agents, bleaching agents or enzymes.
Finally, the invention concerns a cleaning agent composition, preferably in the form of a powder or gra-nules, such as dishwasher, washing-up or washing agents, especially agents for dishwashing or washing in machines, particularly high concentrated dishwasher or washing agents having high bulk density. The composition contains at least one alkalimetal silicate according to the invention, preferably in an amount from about 1 to about 40% by weight, most preferably from about 5 to about 40~ by weight, and a filler and/or one or more other substances active at cle~aning, for example surfactants, other alkali . .
.
., .
~S52~
generating agents, bleaching agents or enzymes. A spray dried powder as well as a granulated or compacted sllicate may advantageously be used as a raw material for preparing a cleaning agent according to the invention. If a powder is used, the cleaning agent may for example be prepared by co-granulation with the other components. If a granulated silicate is used, the cleaning agent may for example be prepared by dry mixing with granules or the like of the other components.
A dishwasher composition may, in addition to a silicate according to the invention, contain other alkali generating agents such as sodium carbonate, metasilicate or water glass, complex binding agents such as STP (sodium tripolyphosphate) or other phosphates, citrate, poly-acrylate or zeolite. Further, it may contain bleaching agents such as chloro isocyanurate or hydrogen peroxide generating substances, for example perborate or per-carbonate, optionally in combination with TAED (tetra acetyl ethylenediamine) or other bleach activators. More-over, it may contain surfactants, preferably low-foaming nonionic, for example available under the trade name Berol 776(R), enzymes, clay and fillers such as sodium sulphate. A useful dishwasher agent may have the following composition in % by weight up to 100%:
silicate according to the invsntion 10-40 other alkali generating agents 0-30 complex binders 10-35 bleaching agents 1-15 surfactants 1- 5 enzymes 0- 3 fillers 0-40 A washing agent composition according to the inven-tion contains surfactants, preferably anionic and/or nonionic and/or soaps. The anionic surfactants may for example include linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, secondary alkanesulfonate, alcohol-ethoxysulfonate or alpha-olefin-sulfonate, the nonionic surfactants may for example include alkoxylated compounds such as fatty alcohols, alkylphenols , : ,~
~S~2~.
or alkylamines, while the soaps for example may include sodium or potassium salts of tallow. Moreover, the compo-sitions may contain well k:nown components, for example builders such as phosphates, polyacrylates or zeolites, fillers such as sodium sulfate, alkali generating agents such as carbonates, bleaching agents such as perborate or percarbonate, bleaching activators such as TAED or TAGU
~tetra acetyl glucolurile), complex binders such as EDTA
(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid), NTA (nitrilo triacetic acid), dipicolinic acid or phosphonates, enzymes, foam regulators, perfumes, coloring agents and optical bright-eners. A useful washing agent may have the following composition in % by weight up to 100%:
silicate according to the invention 5 - 15 other alkali generating agents 5 - 20 bleaching agents o - 25 anionic surfactants 5 - 20 nonionic surfactants 2 - 11 soaps 0.1 - 4 complex binders 0 - 1 builders 5 - 30 fillers 0 - 40 The invention is now illustrated through some ex-amples. However, the invention is not limited by these, but only by the claims. In the examples, if not otherwise stated, all contents of sodium carbonate and K2O are given in ~ by weight based on the total dry material, while water contents are given in % by weight based on the total weight.
EXAMPLE: Spray dried disilicates of different com-positions all having a molar ratio SiO2:(Na2O + K2O) of 2 i were tested concerning the rate of dissolution according to ISO 3123-197~5 (E). For the purpose of simulating compacted material in laboratory scale, the spray dried powder was pressed to tablets at a pressure of 10 tonnes, each one having a weight of 0.5 gram, a diameter of 13.0 mm and a thickness of 1.9 mm. The time for dissolution of each , : ~
. :
;~5~
material o~ a certain composition was measured by putting six tablets in one litre water having a temperature of 25C and agitated with a propeller at 600 revolutions/min.
The time was measured from the addition of the tablets until the electrical conductivity of the solution was constant. Five different compositions of the dry substance were tested: D = a pure sodium disilicate without addi-tives; D + K2 = sodium~potass:ium disilicate with 1.95% K2O;
D + X4 = sodium/potassium dis:Llicate with 5.0% X2O; D ~ K ~
S = sodium/potassium disil:icate with 3.6% X~O and 10.2%
sodium carbonate. The time for dissolution of the above silicates having different water contents appear in seconds in the table below:
Composition water content (%) time for dissolution (s) D 16.6 808 D 19.7 543 D 21.1 595 D + K2 19.0 520 D + K2 20.7 516 D + K4 17.0 590 D + X4 18.4 512 D + K4 19.6 475 D + K5 16.9 570 D + K5 19.3 454 D + K5 20.2 450 D + K + S 16.8 480 D + K + S 18.5 470 The experiments show that a small amount of potassium increases the rate of dissolution considerably, especially at low water contents.
, '
SILICATE
The present invention concerns solid alkali metal silicate comprising sodium and potassium. The silicate also contains from about 1 to about 5 ~ by weight of K2O and has a water content from about 17 to about 25% by weight. The invention also concerns a method of its preparation, its use and cleaning compositions containing such silicate.
Sodium metasilicate, i.le. sodium silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:Na20 of about 1, is frequently used in lo cleaning products such as washing and dishwasher agents.
The silicate inhibits corrosion on glass, glazing and metal parts and also functions as an alkali generating agent.
Generally, granules of pentahydrate are used, which gra-nules dissolve quickly in water. However, many products contain metasilicate in such a high amount that a very high alkalinity is obtained, which renders the products corro-sive and unpleasant to handle.
Less alkalinity but the same protection against corrosion can be obtained by the use of sodium silicates having a higher molar ratio SiO2:Na2O, for example disili-cates whose molar ratio is about 2. For use in high con-centrated cleaning products it is highly desirable that the silicate has as high a bulk density as possible. A spray dried powder of disilicate may be brought to granules with suitable size and high bulk density by compacting, which for example is shown in US, A, 3835216. However, such compacted disilicates dissolve too slowly in water to be useful in commercial products in practice.
From US, A, 3918921 alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:M2O of 3.92 including both sodium and potassium is known, but it has not been compacted. Further, nothing is said whether the bulk density or the solubility are affected by the composition of the silicate.
In US, A, 3931036 the possibility of compacting potassium si:Licate is mentioned, but no such experiments have been performed and there is no indication of what the result would be. Neither is disilicate comprising both sodium and potassium mentioned.
, ` :~; ' ' : , , ' ' 2i[~55i27~
From US 4022704 sodium silicate containing additives such as sodium carbonate is known. The preferred content o~
additives is more than 80% by weight based on the sodium silicate.
The object of the present invention is ~o provide a solid alkalimetal silicate which dissolves quickly in water and gives less al~alinity than corresponding metasilicate.
This has now been found possible as it has appeared that a silicate with a certain water content and containing a small amount of potassium has considerably imp~oved proper-ties compared to previously known silicates.
Thus, the invention concerns a alkalimetal silicate according to claim 1. More specifically, it concerns a solid alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:M2O
from about 1.5 to about 3, preferably from about 1.8 to about 2.5, in which M is an alkalimetal substantially consisting of sodium and potassium. If the molar ratio is too low the silicate will be too alkalic while the solu-bility in water decreases at high molar ratios. The sili-cate contains from about 1, preferably from about 2 and up to about 5, preferably up to about 4% by weight of K2O
based on the dry material, and has a water content from about 16, preferably from about 18, most preferably from about 20 and up to about 25, preferably up to about 22% by weight based on the total weight. The silicate may also contain sodium carbonate, for example from about 7 to about 20, preferably from about 7 to about 15, most preferably from about 8 to about 12% by weight based on the dry material. The dry material refers to M2O + SiO2 ~ Na2CO3, if present.
It has been found that the rate of dissolution of a pure sodium disilicate increase with the water content up to about 20% by weight. At higher water contents, however, the rate of dissolution is lower, especially if tha mate-rial is compacted. This is probably due to the fact that aphase transition occurs when the silicate is sub;ected to pressure. Through the invention it has, however, been found that if the silicate includes small amounts of potassium, .: .
~: ' 2~i5~:7~.
the rate of dissolution continues to increase with the water content and becomes considerably higher than the rate achieved for a pure sodium silicate. Since solid silicate generally is prepared by drying an aqueous solution, energy can be saved if the drying dloes not have to be conducted - that far. Moreover, a silicate having high water content genPrally also have higher bul~ density and is easier to granulate. It has also be!en found that silicate having lower water content dissolves quicker if it contains potassium according to the invention.
The silicate according to the invention can be in the form of a powder, for example with an average particle diameter from about 60 to about 400 ~m, as well as in the form of granules, for example with an average particle diameter from about 650 to about 900 ~m. In both cases it is preferred that the bulk density exceeds about 800 g/litre, especially that it exceeds about 900 g/litre.
Through the invention it has been found possible to provide a less alkaline silicate with such a high bulk density and with retained high rate of dissolution.
The invention also concerns a method of preparing a silicate according to the above description by drying an aqueous solution of an alkalimetal silicate to a solid state, suitably a powder, having a water content from about 16 to about 25 % by weight, the alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:M2O from about 1.5 to about 3 in which M
is an alkalimetal substantially consisting of sodium and potassium, wherein one or more potassium compounds, prefer-ably potassium hydroxide and/or potassium silicate, is added to the solution prior to the drying or to the dry material in an amount so that the product will contain from about 1 to about 5~ by weight of K2O based on the dry material. Also sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate may be added to the solution prior to the drying or to the dry material so that the product will contain from about 7 to about 20% by weight sodium carbonate based on the dry material. It is preferred that the aqueous solution prior to the drying has a solid content from about 20 to about .
:
2~ 7~.
55% by weight, most preferably from about 30 to about 50 by weight. If the desired product is a powder, all com-ponents, i.e. Na2O, SiO2, K2O and optionally Na2CO3, should be included in the solution w:Lth suitable contents relative to each other prior to the drying. This is also preferred if the end product is in form of granules, in which case, however, it is also possible to add potassium hydroxide, potassium silicate or potassium carbonate and optionally sodium carbonate to the powcler prior to the granulation, either as solids by dry mixing or by spraying an aqueous solution on the dried silicate powder. Concerning preferred contents and amounts it is referred to the description of the product according to the invention.
The drying is preferably performed in a spray dryer, but also other kinds of dryers may be used, such as fluid-bed dryers, rotating ovens and drum dryers. When spray drying, it has surprisingly been found that a higher bulk density of the powder can be obtained if the aqueous solution prior to the drying contains all components according to the invention.
If the dried powder is to be granulated it may be performed by many different methods, such as compacting, extruding, agglomeration in drum or disk, fluid-bed granu-lation, prilling or in different kinds of mixers. Prom these methods compacting is preferred since it is easier to obtain a high bulk density. Most preferred is roll compac-ting, in which method the dried powder is subjected to high pressure between two rolls rotating in opposite directions, pressed against each other and fed with the powder. The rolls may be provided with pockets to form briquettes. In other cases, bigger units are obtained which can be crushed and screened. At compacting, it is also possible to improve the firmness of the granules by adding a small amount of a binding agent in the form of waterglass solution, for example in an amount of about 1 to about 8, preferably from about 2 to about 5% by weight of waterglass solution based on the total weight, wherein the waterglass solution has a preferred dry content from 0 to about 50, especially from .
, ~q~5~i27~.
about 30 to about 45% by weight. Thereby the total water content of the product is slightly increased, generally about 1 percentage unit.
An aqueous solution of sodium silicate may be pr0-pared in a well known way by melting quartz sand withsodium carbonate during liberation of carbon dioxide, whereupon the melt is cooled to a solid ma-terial which is dissolved in water at increased temperature. Alternatively, quartz sand can be dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide at increased pressure and temperature. According to the invention potassium may be added in the form of potassium hydroxide at the dissolution of quartz sand or be added to the solution prior to the drying, ~or example in the form of potassium hydroxide, potassium silicate or potassium carbonate. Sodium carbonate or potassium car-bonate may be dissolved together with quartz sand in sodium hydroxide or be added to the solution prior to the drying.
Further, the invention concerns the use of a silicate according to the above description as a corrosion pro-tecting and/or alkali generating substance at cleaning,such as dishwashing, washing up or washing, preferably in a machine. At use, a silicate according to the invention is dissolved in water to a preferred content from about 0.1 to about 4 grams/litre, most preferably from about 0.5 to about 2 grams/litre, preferably together with other active substances such as surfactants, other alkali generating agents, bleaching agents or enzymes.
Finally, the invention concerns a cleaning agent composition, preferably in the form of a powder or gra-nules, such as dishwasher, washing-up or washing agents, especially agents for dishwashing or washing in machines, particularly high concentrated dishwasher or washing agents having high bulk density. The composition contains at least one alkalimetal silicate according to the invention, preferably in an amount from about 1 to about 40% by weight, most preferably from about 5 to about 40~ by weight, and a filler and/or one or more other substances active at cle~aning, for example surfactants, other alkali . .
.
., .
~S52~
generating agents, bleaching agents or enzymes. A spray dried powder as well as a granulated or compacted sllicate may advantageously be used as a raw material for preparing a cleaning agent according to the invention. If a powder is used, the cleaning agent may for example be prepared by co-granulation with the other components. If a granulated silicate is used, the cleaning agent may for example be prepared by dry mixing with granules or the like of the other components.
A dishwasher composition may, in addition to a silicate according to the invention, contain other alkali generating agents such as sodium carbonate, metasilicate or water glass, complex binding agents such as STP (sodium tripolyphosphate) or other phosphates, citrate, poly-acrylate or zeolite. Further, it may contain bleaching agents such as chloro isocyanurate or hydrogen peroxide generating substances, for example perborate or per-carbonate, optionally in combination with TAED (tetra acetyl ethylenediamine) or other bleach activators. More-over, it may contain surfactants, preferably low-foaming nonionic, for example available under the trade name Berol 776(R), enzymes, clay and fillers such as sodium sulphate. A useful dishwasher agent may have the following composition in % by weight up to 100%:
silicate according to the invsntion 10-40 other alkali generating agents 0-30 complex binders 10-35 bleaching agents 1-15 surfactants 1- 5 enzymes 0- 3 fillers 0-40 A washing agent composition according to the inven-tion contains surfactants, preferably anionic and/or nonionic and/or soaps. The anionic surfactants may for example include linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, secondary alkanesulfonate, alcohol-ethoxysulfonate or alpha-olefin-sulfonate, the nonionic surfactants may for example include alkoxylated compounds such as fatty alcohols, alkylphenols , : ,~
~S~2~.
or alkylamines, while the soaps for example may include sodium or potassium salts of tallow. Moreover, the compo-sitions may contain well k:nown components, for example builders such as phosphates, polyacrylates or zeolites, fillers such as sodium sulfate, alkali generating agents such as carbonates, bleaching agents such as perborate or percarbonate, bleaching activators such as TAED or TAGU
~tetra acetyl glucolurile), complex binders such as EDTA
(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid), NTA (nitrilo triacetic acid), dipicolinic acid or phosphonates, enzymes, foam regulators, perfumes, coloring agents and optical bright-eners. A useful washing agent may have the following composition in % by weight up to 100%:
silicate according to the invention 5 - 15 other alkali generating agents 5 - 20 bleaching agents o - 25 anionic surfactants 5 - 20 nonionic surfactants 2 - 11 soaps 0.1 - 4 complex binders 0 - 1 builders 5 - 30 fillers 0 - 40 The invention is now illustrated through some ex-amples. However, the invention is not limited by these, but only by the claims. In the examples, if not otherwise stated, all contents of sodium carbonate and K2O are given in ~ by weight based on the total dry material, while water contents are given in % by weight based on the total weight.
EXAMPLE: Spray dried disilicates of different com-positions all having a molar ratio SiO2:(Na2O + K2O) of 2 i were tested concerning the rate of dissolution according to ISO 3123-197~5 (E). For the purpose of simulating compacted material in laboratory scale, the spray dried powder was pressed to tablets at a pressure of 10 tonnes, each one having a weight of 0.5 gram, a diameter of 13.0 mm and a thickness of 1.9 mm. The time for dissolution of each , : ~
. :
;~5~
material o~ a certain composition was measured by putting six tablets in one litre water having a temperature of 25C and agitated with a propeller at 600 revolutions/min.
The time was measured from the addition of the tablets until the electrical conductivity of the solution was constant. Five different compositions of the dry substance were tested: D = a pure sodium disilicate without addi-tives; D + K2 = sodium~potass:ium disilicate with 1.95% K2O;
D + X4 = sodium/potassium dis:Llicate with 5.0% X2O; D ~ K ~
S = sodium/potassium disil:icate with 3.6% X~O and 10.2%
sodium carbonate. The time for dissolution of the above silicates having different water contents appear in seconds in the table below:
Composition water content (%) time for dissolution (s) D 16.6 808 D 19.7 543 D 21.1 595 D + K2 19.0 520 D + K2 20.7 516 D + K4 17.0 590 D + X4 18.4 512 D + K4 19.6 475 D + K5 16.9 570 D + K5 19.3 454 D + K5 20.2 450 D + K + S 16.8 480 D + K + S 18.5 470 The experiments show that a small amount of potassium increases the rate of dissolution considerably, especially at low water contents.
, '
Claims (8)
1. Solid alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:M2O from about 1.5 to about 3, in which M is an alkalimetal substantially consisting of sodium and potass-ium, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the silicate con-tains from about 1 and up to about 5% by weight of K2O
based on the dry material and the water content is from about 16 to about 25% by weight based on the total weight.
based on the dry material and the water content is from about 16 to about 25% by weight based on the total weight.
2. Alkalimetal silicate as claimed in claim l, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that it has a bulk density exceeding about 800 g/l.
3. A method of preparing a silicate according to any of the claims 1-2, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the method comprises the steps:
(a) drying an aqueous solution of an alkalimetal silicate to a solid state having a water content from about 16 to about 25% by weight, the alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:M2O from about 1.5 to about 3 in which M
is an alkalimetal substantially consisting of sodium and potassium;
(b) adding one or more potassium compounds to the solu-tion prior to the drying or to the dry material in an amount so that the product will contain from about 1 to about 5% by weight of K2O based on the dry material.
(a) drying an aqueous solution of an alkalimetal silicate to a solid state having a water content from about 16 to about 25% by weight, the alkalimetal silicate having a molar ratio SiO2:M2O from about 1.5 to about 3 in which M
is an alkalimetal substantially consisting of sodium and potassium;
(b) adding one or more potassium compounds to the solu-tion prior to the drying or to the dry material in an amount so that the product will contain from about 1 to about 5% by weight of K2O based on the dry material.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, c h a r a c-t e r i s e d in that potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide or potassium silicate is added prior to the drying.
5. A method as claimed in any of the claims 3-4, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the drying is performed in a spray dryer.
6. Use of a silicate according to any of the claims 1-2 as a corrosion protecting and/or alkali generating substance at cleaning.
7. Cleaning agent composition, c h a r a c t e r-i s e d in that it contains at least one alkalimetal silicate according to any of the claims 1-2 and a filler and/or one or more other substances active at cleaning.
8. Cleaning agent composition as claimed in claim 7, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that it contains from about 1 to about 40% by weight of alkalimetal silicate according to any of the claims 1-2.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9003644-3 | 1990-11-14 | ||
| SE9003644A SE468092B (en) | 1990-11-14 | 1990-11-14 | ALKALIMETAL SILICATE IN SOLID FORM CONTAINING SODIUM AND POTASSIUM, PREPARED FOR ITS PREPARATION AND ITS USE IN CLEANING COMPOSITIONS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2055271A1 true CA2055271A1 (en) | 1992-05-15 |
Family
ID=20380917
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002055271A Abandoned CA2055271A1 (en) | 1990-11-14 | 1991-11-12 | Silicate |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5344633A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0486079B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2519146B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE102171T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU641057B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2055271A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69101299T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0486079T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2050030T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI915316A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO914448L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE468092B (en) |
Families Citing this family (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE468091B (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1992-11-02 | Eka Nobel Ab | ALKALIMETAL SILICATE IN SOLID FORM CONTAINING SODIUM AND POTENTIAL Potassium, PREPARED FOR ITS PREPARATION AND ITS USE IN CLEANING COMPOSITIONS |
| JP2618799B2 (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1997-06-11 | 花王株式会社 | Inorganic builder |
| DE4315048A1 (en) * | 1993-04-01 | 1994-10-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Process for the production of stable, bifunctional, phosphate, metasilicate and polymer-free, low-alkaline detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing |
| EP0658517A1 (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1995-06-21 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Homogeneous mixtures of silicate and carbonate of alcali metal |
| DE4405511A1 (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1995-08-24 | Henkel Kgaa | Detergent with amorphous silicate builder substances |
| FR2720074B1 (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1996-08-09 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Detergent powder composition based on percarbonate stabilized by adding silicate / carbonate cogranules. |
| US5739098A (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1998-04-14 | Pq Corporation | Crystalline sodium potassium silicates |
| US5643358A (en) * | 1994-06-10 | 1997-07-01 | Pq Corporation | Crystalline hydrated layered sodium and potassium silicates and method of producing same |
| JP3312816B2 (en) * | 1994-07-14 | 2002-08-12 | 株式会社トクヤマ | Amorphous sodium silicate powder and method for producing the same |
| DK0859738T3 (en) | 1995-11-09 | 2001-01-29 | Akzo Pq Silica Vof | Compressed sodium silicate |
| US5785940A (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1998-07-28 | Pq Corporation | Silicate reactor with submerged burners |
| DK0900250T4 (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 2004-12-20 | Treofan Germany Gmbh & Co Kg | Lithium and potassium copysilicate barrier coatings |
| ID19516A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1998-07-16 | Hoechst Celanese Corp | Vapor Barrier Coatings for Polyimetic Objects |
| US6086991A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 2000-07-11 | Hoechst Trespaphan Gmbh | Method of priming poly(ethylene terephthalate) articles for coating |
| CA2254761C (en) | 1996-06-12 | 2006-10-10 | Hoechst Trespaphan Gmbh | Method of priming polyolefin articles for coating |
| US5853830A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1998-12-29 | Hoechst Trespaphan Gmbh | Transparent barrier coatings exhibiting reduced thin film interference |
| TW375644B (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1999-12-01 | Trespaphan Gmbh | Vapor barrier coating for polymeric articles |
| ID19111A (en) | 1996-06-12 | 1998-06-18 | Hoechst Celanese Corp | METHOD OF MAKING POLYLELEFIN MATERIALS FOR COATING |
| US6087016A (en) * | 1997-06-09 | 2000-07-11 | Inmat, Llc | Barrier coating of an elastomer and a dispersed layered filler in a liquid carrier |
| US6232389B1 (en) | 1997-06-09 | 2001-05-15 | Inmat, Llc | Barrier coating of an elastomer and a dispersed layered filler in a liquid carrier and coated articles |
| WO2000009641A1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2000-02-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multifunctional detergent materials |
| EG25130A (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2011-09-18 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Process and apparatus for preparing batch materials for the manufacture of glass. |
| DE19943470A1 (en) * | 1999-09-11 | 2001-03-15 | Clariant Gmbh | Crystalline alkali layer silicate |
| US7053040B2 (en) * | 1999-11-10 | 2006-05-30 | Eco-Safe Technologies, L.L.C. | Autonomous cleaning composition and method |
| US20050130868A1 (en) * | 1999-11-10 | 2005-06-16 | Evans K D. | Multiuse, solid cleaning device and composition |
| JP2003055694A (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-02-26 | Kimura Soap Industry Co Ltd | Tableware detergent |
| DE10144109A1 (en) * | 2001-09-03 | 2003-04-24 | Michael K Bahr | Compressing and granulating finely dispersed powders or powder mixtures comprises adding binder as finely dispersed powder in small amounts to powder |
| FR2830528B1 (en) * | 2001-10-08 | 2004-07-02 | Saint Gobain | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF RAW MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS |
| US7524536B2 (en) * | 2005-06-21 | 2009-04-28 | Pq Corporation | Surface protective compositions |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2593652A (en) * | 1944-05-26 | 1952-04-22 | Saint Gobain | Process of making soluble solid silicates |
| US2585609A (en) * | 1948-02-16 | 1952-02-12 | Philadelphia Quartz Co | Manufacture of alpha sodium tetrasilicate |
| US2933371A (en) * | 1955-04-19 | 1960-04-19 | Du Pont | Potassium silicate solutions and their preparation |
| GB874117A (en) * | 1959-06-19 | 1961-08-02 | Unilever Ltd | Processes for binding particulate solid materials and binders for use in such processes |
| US3537815A (en) * | 1967-03-09 | 1970-11-03 | Burke Oliver W Jun | Preparation of alkali metal silicates |
| US3709837A (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1973-01-09 | Philadelphia Quartz Co | Spray dried detergents containing sodium-potassium double silicate |
| US3918921A (en) * | 1971-05-14 | 1975-11-11 | Philadelphia Quartz Co | Process for making granular hydrated alkali metal silicate |
| US4022704A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1977-05-10 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Production of spray dried, high bulk density hydrous sodium silicate mixtures |
| US3821119A (en) * | 1972-05-03 | 1974-06-28 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | Silicated soda ash |
| US3839226A (en) * | 1973-04-30 | 1974-10-01 | Du Pont | Highly absorbent, low bulk density alkali metal sodium silicates |
| US3931036A (en) * | 1974-05-13 | 1976-01-06 | Philadelphia Quartz Company | Compacted alkali metal silicate |
| GB1595770A (en) * | 1976-02-06 | 1981-08-19 | Unilever Ltd | Spraydried detergent components |
| SU685626A1 (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1979-09-15 | Институт общей и неорганической химии АН Армянской ССР | Method of obtaining double salt of sodium and potassium metasilicates |
| SU922069A1 (en) * | 1980-09-17 | 1982-04-23 | Белорусский технологический институт им. С.М.Кирова | Process for producing potassium silicate solution |
| US4391643A (en) * | 1981-05-21 | 1983-07-05 | Halliburton Company | Rapidly dissolvable silicates and methods of using the same |
| DE3400132A1 (en) * | 1984-01-04 | 1985-07-11 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CRYSTALLINE ALKALINE LAYER SILICATES |
| DE3417649A1 (en) * | 1984-05-12 | 1985-11-14 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CRYSTALLINE SODIUM SILICATES |
| EP0205070B1 (en) * | 1985-06-13 | 1990-03-14 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the manufacture of crystalline layered alkali metal silicates |
-
1990
- 1990-11-14 SE SE9003644A patent/SE468092B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-10-28 DK DK91202777.8T patent/DK0486079T3/en active
- 1991-10-28 ES ES91202777T patent/ES2050030T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-28 AT AT91202777T patent/ATE102171T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-10-28 DE DE69101299T patent/DE69101299T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-28 EP EP91202777A patent/EP0486079B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-08 AU AU87092/91A patent/AU641057B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-11-11 FI FI915316A patent/FI915316A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-11-11 JP JP3321460A patent/JP2519146B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-12 CA CA002055271A patent/CA2055271A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-11-13 NO NO91914448A patent/NO914448L/en unknown
-
1993
- 1993-06-14 US US08/075,926 patent/US5344633A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK0486079T3 (en) | 1994-03-28 |
| JPH04292411A (en) | 1992-10-16 |
| ES2050030T3 (en) | 1994-05-01 |
| EP0486079A1 (en) | 1992-05-20 |
| AU641057B2 (en) | 1993-09-09 |
| ATE102171T1 (en) | 1994-03-15 |
| US5344633A (en) | 1994-09-06 |
| JP2519146B2 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
| FI915316A0 (en) | 1991-11-11 |
| SE468092B (en) | 1992-11-02 |
| AU8709291A (en) | 1992-05-21 |
| DE69101299D1 (en) | 1994-04-07 |
| NO914448L (en) | 1992-05-15 |
| EP0486079B1 (en) | 1994-03-02 |
| DE69101299T2 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
| SE9003644D0 (en) | 1990-11-14 |
| SE9003644L (en) | 1992-05-15 |
| NO914448D0 (en) | 1991-11-13 |
| FI915316A (en) | 1992-05-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |