CA2033647A1 - Patellar prosthesis and method of making the same - Google Patents
Patellar prosthesis and method of making the sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA2033647A1 CA2033647A1 CA002033647A CA2033647A CA2033647A1 CA 2033647 A1 CA2033647 A1 CA 2033647A1 CA 002033647 A CA002033647 A CA 002033647A CA 2033647 A CA2033647 A CA 2033647A CA 2033647 A1 CA2033647 A1 CA 2033647A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- posterior
- articulating surface
- anterior
- metal backing
- polymeric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
- A61F2/3877—Patellae or trochleae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S623/00—Prosthesis, i.e. artificial body members, parts thereof, or aids and accessories therefor
- Y10S623/901—Method of manufacturing prosthetic device
Abstract
PATELLAR PROSTHESIS AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME
ABSTRACT
A composite metal/plastic patellar prosthesis for implantation in the human body to replace the articulating surface of the patella is provided. The prosthesis includes a polymeric articulating surface portion and a metal backing having an anterior surface adapted to be attached to the posterior surface of a resected patella and a dome or conically shaped posterior surface to which the polymeric articulating surface portion is heat and pressure molded. The metal backing portion has at least one aperture extending therethrough which has a greater cross-sectional area on the anterior side than on the posterior side into which an anchoring peg integral with the anterior surface of the polymeric articulating surface portion is molded. The metal and plastic components of the composite are coextensive in size and shape.
ABSTRACT
A composite metal/plastic patellar prosthesis for implantation in the human body to replace the articulating surface of the patella is provided. The prosthesis includes a polymeric articulating surface portion and a metal backing having an anterior surface adapted to be attached to the posterior surface of a resected patella and a dome or conically shaped posterior surface to which the polymeric articulating surface portion is heat and pressure molded. The metal backing portion has at least one aperture extending therethrough which has a greater cross-sectional area on the anterior side than on the posterior side into which an anchoring peg integral with the anterior surface of the polymeric articulating surface portion is molded. The metal and plastic components of the composite are coextensive in size and shape.
Description
PATELLAR PROSTHESIS AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME
The present invention relates to an improved patellar prosthesis and method of making the same.
Various prosthetic devices for replacement of the articulating surface of the patella or knee cap have been designed for implantation in cases where replacement of the natural articulating surface of the patella is indicated.
Generally, the posterior surface of the patella is resected and replaced by an artificial articulating surface.
Various patellar prostheses are known in the art and available commercially to surgeons. Examples of such are the designs shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,240,162 issued to Devas on December 23, 1980 in which a two-part snapped-together design is disclosed. Commercially available implants are shown, for example, in Publication No. 322-688T
of Dow Corning Wright Corporation, 5677 Airline Road, Arlington, Tennessee, U.S.A., entitled "Whiteside Ortholoc II
Patella Implants". Similar designs having a metal backing within a polymeric surface portion are shown~ for example, in a publication by Howmedica, Inc., Orthopedic~ Division, 359 Veteranc Boulevard9 Rutherford, New Jersey, U.S.A., identified as No. H2050, dated 3/83, entitled "The PCA
Revision Total Knee System" at page 4. Such prostheses have been known to fail by virtue of separation of the polymeric articulating surface from the metal backing.
In light of these various designs, a need has existed for an improved patellar prosthesis having resistance to shear forces experienced during articulation of the -2- 2 0 3 ~ 6 patellar implant against an articulating surface of a femoral prosthesis. The present invention provides such increased resistance by a design in which shear forces imposed against the side of the patellar implant are, in part, converted to compression forces. The invention further provides a means and method of molding the polymeric articulating surface onto the metal backing in such fashion as to improve the mechanical locking, and thus resistance to wear, between the components of the prosthesis.
Briefly summarized, the present invention provides a composite patellar prosthesis for implantation in the human body to replace the articulating surface of the patella which includes a polymeric articulating surface portion and a dome shaped metal backing which has an anterior surface adapted to be attached to the posterior surface of a resected patella, preferably by means of integral attachment pegs. The dome shaped or otherwise centrally elevated posterior surface is adapted to engage the polymeric articulating surface portion which is molded under heat and pressure to conform to it.
The metal backing portion is provided with at least one, and preferably several, apertures extending therethrough which have a greater cross-sectional area on the anterior side than on the posterior side. These apertures are each adapted to fixedly receive an anchoring peg integral with the anterior surface of the polymeric articulating surface portion, the pegs being formed under heat and pressure to precisely fill the apertures. It is also preferred that the anterior surface of the polymeric articulating surface portion is coextensive in size and shape with the metal backing portion is molded to conform to the contour thereof. The articulating surface portion has a generally convex posterior articulating surface. The apertures through the metal -3- z033Çi47 backing are greater in area on the anterior side than on the posterior side so that the pegs firmly lock the two parts of the composite together. The anterior side may, for example, be counterbored or the apertures may be tapered or flared so as to be of greater size on the anterior side.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a patellar prosthesis of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of such a prosthesis.
Referring more specifically to the drawings, patellar prosthesis 10 is formed from a rigid, preferably metallic backing portion 12, provided on its anterior surface with integrally formed securing pegs 13 which are provided to secure the prosthesis to the posterior side of a resected patella. In accordance with conventional practice, the anterior surface of metallic attachment portion 12 can be provided with a porous layer such as sintered metal micro-beads 15 to allow for tissue ingrowth.
Secured to the posterior side of metallic supporting layer 12 is a polymeric surface layer 15 preferably formed from a thermoplastic material such as ultra hi8h molecular weight polyethylene. Other biologically acceptable moldable materials such as polypropylene or the like can be substituted in articulating surface 15.
Polymeric articulating surface portion 15 is preferably formed so that it is the same size and shape as the metal backing element 12 and the anterior side of the articulating surface member is pressure molded so that it flows and conforms to the posterior surface of metal backing element 12.
The present invention relates to an improved patellar prosthesis and method of making the same.
Various prosthetic devices for replacement of the articulating surface of the patella or knee cap have been designed for implantation in cases where replacement of the natural articulating surface of the patella is indicated.
Generally, the posterior surface of the patella is resected and replaced by an artificial articulating surface.
Various patellar prostheses are known in the art and available commercially to surgeons. Examples of such are the designs shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,240,162 issued to Devas on December 23, 1980 in which a two-part snapped-together design is disclosed. Commercially available implants are shown, for example, in Publication No. 322-688T
of Dow Corning Wright Corporation, 5677 Airline Road, Arlington, Tennessee, U.S.A., entitled "Whiteside Ortholoc II
Patella Implants". Similar designs having a metal backing within a polymeric surface portion are shown~ for example, in a publication by Howmedica, Inc., Orthopedic~ Division, 359 Veteranc Boulevard9 Rutherford, New Jersey, U.S.A., identified as No. H2050, dated 3/83, entitled "The PCA
Revision Total Knee System" at page 4. Such prostheses have been known to fail by virtue of separation of the polymeric articulating surface from the metal backing.
In light of these various designs, a need has existed for an improved patellar prosthesis having resistance to shear forces experienced during articulation of the -2- 2 0 3 ~ 6 patellar implant against an articulating surface of a femoral prosthesis. The present invention provides such increased resistance by a design in which shear forces imposed against the side of the patellar implant are, in part, converted to compression forces. The invention further provides a means and method of molding the polymeric articulating surface onto the metal backing in such fashion as to improve the mechanical locking, and thus resistance to wear, between the components of the prosthesis.
Briefly summarized, the present invention provides a composite patellar prosthesis for implantation in the human body to replace the articulating surface of the patella which includes a polymeric articulating surface portion and a dome shaped metal backing which has an anterior surface adapted to be attached to the posterior surface of a resected patella, preferably by means of integral attachment pegs. The dome shaped or otherwise centrally elevated posterior surface is adapted to engage the polymeric articulating surface portion which is molded under heat and pressure to conform to it.
The metal backing portion is provided with at least one, and preferably several, apertures extending therethrough which have a greater cross-sectional area on the anterior side than on the posterior side. These apertures are each adapted to fixedly receive an anchoring peg integral with the anterior surface of the polymeric articulating surface portion, the pegs being formed under heat and pressure to precisely fill the apertures. It is also preferred that the anterior surface of the polymeric articulating surface portion is coextensive in size and shape with the metal backing portion is molded to conform to the contour thereof. The articulating surface portion has a generally convex posterior articulating surface. The apertures through the metal -3- z033Çi47 backing are greater in area on the anterior side than on the posterior side so that the pegs firmly lock the two parts of the composite together. The anterior side may, for example, be counterbored or the apertures may be tapered or flared so as to be of greater size on the anterior side.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a patellar prosthesis of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of such a prosthesis.
Referring more specifically to the drawings, patellar prosthesis 10 is formed from a rigid, preferably metallic backing portion 12, provided on its anterior surface with integrally formed securing pegs 13 which are provided to secure the prosthesis to the posterior side of a resected patella. In accordance with conventional practice, the anterior surface of metallic attachment portion 12 can be provided with a porous layer such as sintered metal micro-beads 15 to allow for tissue ingrowth.
Secured to the posterior side of metallic supporting layer 12 is a polymeric surface layer 15 preferably formed from a thermoplastic material such as ultra hi8h molecular weight polyethylene. Other biologically acceptable moldable materials such as polypropylene or the like can be substituted in articulating surface 15.
Polymeric articulating surface portion 15 is preferably formed so that it is the same size and shape as the metal backing element 12 and the anterior side of the articulating surface member is pressure molded so that it flows and conforms to the posterior surface of metal backing element 12.
The polymeric surface portion is affixed to the metal backing portion by means of one or more integral pegs 16 which are molded by heat snd pressure into an aperture 16 extending through metal backing member 12. The apertures are configured so that the anterior side is larger than the posterior side, for example, by means of a counter-bored portion 17 on the anterior side or by means of slightly tapered or anteriorly flared openings 18. The preferred embodiment, shown in the drawings, utilizes one central peg 16 along with four smaller pegs 18 all of which are heat and pressure molded into the apertures to provide a secure attachmen~ of the backing member to the wear surface.
Also as seen best in Figure 2, the central portion of the metal backing portion 12 is centrally thickened into a domed shape. This configuration has been found to be superior to prior art devices in which flat abutting surfaces were employed. Such flat surfaces may be subjected to shearing forces as the prosthesis wears, whereas the slightly dome shaped configuration of the present prosthesis causes a vector of those shearing forces to be converted into compression force~ which have been discovered to be more resistant to failure at the junction between the parts of the composite prosthesis.
The prosthesis of the present invention is formed by providing a plastic blank of the articulating surface which is provided with a central peg having a height slightly greater than the thickness of the metal backing member 12.
When molded under heat and pressure the anterior surface of the plastic member is forced to assume the contour of the metal backing member and the central peg flows into the undercut portion 17 of aperture 16. Apertures 18, spaced around the central aperture, however, are of a smaller ;~033647 diameter and it has been found that the plastic material of the articulating surface 15 will flow into such apertures under heat and pressure, to fill the apertures as shown in Figure 2. This method of construction obviates the need for formation of additional pegs on the anterior surface of the articulating portion blank. If desired, however, additional pegs could be employed, particularly if it is desired to use somewhat larger diameter apertures than indicated in Figure 1.
The prosthesis of the present invention is implanted in accordance with usual surgical procedures followed for implantation of patellar prostheses. Such procedures, therefore, will not be elaborated on in the present disclosure.
While the foregoing specification gives a detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention for the purpose of illustration, it will be understood that many of the details given may be varied considerably by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention.
Also as seen best in Figure 2, the central portion of the metal backing portion 12 is centrally thickened into a domed shape. This configuration has been found to be superior to prior art devices in which flat abutting surfaces were employed. Such flat surfaces may be subjected to shearing forces as the prosthesis wears, whereas the slightly dome shaped configuration of the present prosthesis causes a vector of those shearing forces to be converted into compression force~ which have been discovered to be more resistant to failure at the junction between the parts of the composite prosthesis.
The prosthesis of the present invention is formed by providing a plastic blank of the articulating surface which is provided with a central peg having a height slightly greater than the thickness of the metal backing member 12.
When molded under heat and pressure the anterior surface of the plastic member is forced to assume the contour of the metal backing member and the central peg flows into the undercut portion 17 of aperture 16. Apertures 18, spaced around the central aperture, however, are of a smaller ;~033647 diameter and it has been found that the plastic material of the articulating surface 15 will flow into such apertures under heat and pressure, to fill the apertures as shown in Figure 2. This method of construction obviates the need for formation of additional pegs on the anterior surface of the articulating portion blank. If desired, however, additional pegs could be employed, particularly if it is desired to use somewhat larger diameter apertures than indicated in Figure 1.
The prosthesis of the present invention is implanted in accordance with usual surgical procedures followed for implantation of patellar prostheses. Such procedures, therefore, will not be elaborated on in the present disclosure.
While the foregoing specification gives a detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention for the purpose of illustration, it will be understood that many of the details given may be varied considerably by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A patellar prosthesis for implantation in the human body to replace the articulating surface of the patella comprising:
a polymeric articulating surface portion, and a metal backing having an anterior surface adapted to be attached to the posterior surface of a resected patella and a posterior surface adapted to engage the polymeric articulating surface portion, said metal backing portion having at least one aperture extending therethrough which has a greater cross-sectional area on the anterior side than on the posterior side thereof, adapted to fixedly receive an anchoring peg integral with the anterior surface of the polymeric articulating surface portion, said anterior surface of said articulating surface portion being coextensive in size and shape with said metal backing portion and being molded to conform to the contour thereof, said articulating surface portion having a generally convex posterior articulating surface, said anchoring peg being molded into said hole and filling substantially the entire volume thereof.
a polymeric articulating surface portion, and a metal backing having an anterior surface adapted to be attached to the posterior surface of a resected patella and a posterior surface adapted to engage the polymeric articulating surface portion, said metal backing portion having at least one aperture extending therethrough which has a greater cross-sectional area on the anterior side than on the posterior side thereof, adapted to fixedly receive an anchoring peg integral with the anterior surface of the polymeric articulating surface portion, said anterior surface of said articulating surface portion being coextensive in size and shape with said metal backing portion and being molded to conform to the contour thereof, said articulating surface portion having a generally convex posterior articulating surface, said anchoring peg being molded into said hole and filling substantially the entire volume thereof.
2. A prosthesis according to claim 1 wherein said metal backing also contains a plurality of small apertures each of which is of increasing diameter in the posterior to anterior direction.
3. A prosthesis according to claim 1 wherein the metal backing has a central portion that is thicker than the outer edges thereof and said central portion is elevated on the posterior side of said backing.
4. A method of making a patellar prosthesis for implantation in the human body to replace the articulating surface of the patella comprising:
providing a polymeric articulating surface portion, and a metal backing portion which has an anterior surface adapted to be attached to the posterior surface of a resected patella and a dome shaped posterior surface adapted to engage the polymeric articulating surface portion, said metal backing portion having at least one aperture extending therethrough which has a greater cross-sectional area on the anterior side than on the posterior side thereof, adapted to fixedly receive an anchoring peg integral with the anterior surface of the polymeric articulating surface portion, said anterior surface of said articulating surface portion being coextensive in size and shape with said metal backing portion and being molded to conform to the contour thereof, said articulating surface portion having a generally convex posterior articulating surface, molding polymeric surface portion onto the posterior side of said metal backing under heat and pressure so that said anchoring peg is molded into said aperture and fills substantially the entire volume thereof.
providing a polymeric articulating surface portion, and a metal backing portion which has an anterior surface adapted to be attached to the posterior surface of a resected patella and a dome shaped posterior surface adapted to engage the polymeric articulating surface portion, said metal backing portion having at least one aperture extending therethrough which has a greater cross-sectional area on the anterior side than on the posterior side thereof, adapted to fixedly receive an anchoring peg integral with the anterior surface of the polymeric articulating surface portion, said anterior surface of said articulating surface portion being coextensive in size and shape with said metal backing portion and being molded to conform to the contour thereof, said articulating surface portion having a generally convex posterior articulating surface, molding polymeric surface portion onto the posterior side of said metal backing under heat and pressure so that said anchoring peg is molded into said aperture and fills substantially the entire volume thereof.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein said metal backing contains small diameter apertures therethrough which are of increasing diameter in the posterior to anterior direction and said apertures become filled with said polymeric material under application of such heat and pressure.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US466,093 | 1990-01-16 | ||
| US07/466,093 US5019104A (en) | 1990-01-16 | 1990-01-16 | Patellar prosthesis and method of making the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2033647A1 true CA2033647A1 (en) | 1991-07-17 |
Family
ID=23850432
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002033647A Abandoned CA2033647A1 (en) | 1990-01-16 | 1991-01-04 | Patellar prosthesis and method of making the same |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5019104A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0438918B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04329949A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2033647A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69007069T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2049936T3 (en) |
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| US9248022B2 (en) | 2012-03-27 | 2016-02-02 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Method of implanting a glenoid defect-filling component |
| US9498334B2 (en) | 2012-03-27 | 2016-11-22 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Glenoid defect-filling component |
| WO2014008126A1 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-09 | Arthrosurface Incorporated | System and method for joint resurfacing and repair |
| US9468466B1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2016-10-18 | Cotera, Inc. | Method and apparatus for altering biomechanics of the spine |
| USD781422S1 (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2017-03-14 | Blue Belt Technologies, Inc. | Knee implant |
| US9949837B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2018-04-24 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Partially porous bone implant keel |
| US9492200B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 | 2016-11-15 | Arthrosurface Incorporated | Suture system and method |
| US11607319B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2023-03-21 | Arthrosurface Incorporated | System and method for repairing articular surfaces |
| US9962265B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2018-05-08 | Arthrosurface Incorporated | System and method for repairing articular surfaces |
| US10624748B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2020-04-21 | Arthrosurface Incorporated | System and method for repairing articular surfaces |
| CN104799979B (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2017-01-25 | 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材股份有限公司 | Patellar prosthesis |
| CN104825254B (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2017-12-19 | 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材股份有限公司 | Prosthetic component |
| WO2019028344A1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-07 | Arthrosurface Incorporated | Multicomponent articular surface implant |
| US10893948B2 (en) | 2017-11-02 | 2021-01-19 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Rotary arc patella articulating geometry |
| GB2609338B (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2023-06-14 | Arthrosurface Inc | Humeral and glenoid articular surface implant systems and methods |
| US11357635B2 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2022-06-14 | Depuy Ireland Unlimited Company | Metal-backed patella component of an orthopaedic knee prosthesis and associated method of making the same |
| WO2021138081A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 | 2021-07-08 | Zkr Orthopedics, Inc. | Patella tendon realignment implant with changeable shape |
| US11730603B2 (en) | 2020-09-03 | 2023-08-22 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Systems and methods for knee arthroplasty |
| US11844697B2 (en) | 2020-09-03 | 2023-12-19 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Systems and methods for knee arthroplasty |
| EP4056153A1 (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2022-09-14 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Systems and methods for knee arthroplasty |
| WO2023222729A1 (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-11-23 | Limacorporate S.P.A. | Patellar prosthesis |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4094017A (en) * | 1977-02-16 | 1978-06-13 | Larry Stanford Matthews | Knee joint prosthesis with patellar-femoral contact |
| US4240162A (en) * | 1977-12-07 | 1980-12-23 | National Research Development Corporation | Endoprosthetic patellar device |
| US4205400A (en) * | 1978-12-04 | 1980-06-03 | Zimmer Usa, Inc. | Metallo-polymeric prosthesis with cavitied interconnection |
| US4501031A (en) * | 1981-01-22 | 1985-02-26 | Zimmer, Inc. | Metal and plastic composite tibial component for knee joint |
| US4479271A (en) * | 1981-10-26 | 1984-10-30 | Zimmer, Inc. | Prosthetic device adapted to promote bone/tissue ingrowth |
| US4479274A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-10-30 | Robert Biby | Swimming pool siphon |
| DE3332354A1 (en) * | 1983-09-08 | 1985-03-28 | Mohammad Dr.med. 2945 Sande Izadpanah | Patella prosthesis |
| DE8907010U1 (en) * | 1988-02-03 | 1989-08-31 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc., New York, N.Y., Us |
-
1990
- 1990-01-16 US US07/466,093 patent/US5019104A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-27 EP EP90314346A patent/EP0438918B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-27 ES ES90314346T patent/ES2049936T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-27 DE DE69007069T patent/DE69007069T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-01-04 CA CA002033647A patent/CA2033647A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-01-14 JP JP3002620A patent/JPH04329949A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5019104A (en) | 1991-05-28 |
| JPH04329949A (en) | 1992-11-18 |
| ES2049936T3 (en) | 1994-05-01 |
| EP0438918A1 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
| DE69007069T2 (en) | 1994-09-08 |
| EP0438918B1 (en) | 1994-03-02 |
| DE69007069D1 (en) | 1994-04-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |