CA1320437C - Method of placing a body of shape memory material within a cavity - Google Patents
Method of placing a body of shape memory material within a cavityInfo
- Publication number
- CA1320437C CA1320437C CA000608339A CA608339A CA1320437C CA 1320437 C CA1320437 C CA 1320437C CA 000608339 A CA000608339 A CA 000608339A CA 608339 A CA608339 A CA 608339A CA 1320437 C CA1320437 C CA 1320437C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- memory material
- construction
- cavity
- shape memory
- shape
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012781 shape memory material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014866 Dictamnus albus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000182625 Dictamnus albus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
- E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
- E21B43/103—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for
- B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
- B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs, or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
- E21B29/10—Reconditioning of well casings, e.g. straightening
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
- E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
- F16L55/162—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe
- F16L55/163—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a ring, a band or a sleeve being pressed against the inner surface of the pipe
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49718—Repairing
- Y10T29/49732—Repairing by attaching repair preform, e.g., remaking, restoring, or patching
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49718—Repairing
- Y10T29/49748—Repairing by shaping, e.g., bending, extruding, turning, etc.
- Y10T29/4975—Repairing by shaping, e.g., bending, extruding, turning, etc. including heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
- Y10T29/49865—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part by temperature differential [e.g., shrink fit]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
- Y10T29/4994—Radially expanding internal tube
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
METHOD FOR PLACING A BODY OF
SHAPE MEMORY MATERIAL WITHIN A CAVITY
A body of shape memory material is placed within a cavity by means of a running device which transports the body to a desired location within the cavity while the body of shape memory material is deformed to a condensed shape whereupon the body is heated to above its phase transition temperature so as to induce the body to revert to its original shape which is tailored to its application inside the cavity.
ML4.T5534FF
METHOD FOR PLACING A BODY OF
SHAPE MEMORY MATERIAL WITHIN A CAVITY
A body of shape memory material is placed within a cavity by means of a running device which transports the body to a desired location within the cavity while the body of shape memory material is deformed to a condensed shape whereupon the body is heated to above its phase transition temperature so as to induce the body to revert to its original shape which is tailored to its application inside the cavity.
ML4.T5534FF
Description
132~437 ^ 1 METHOD FOR PLACING A BODY OF
SHAPE MEMORY MATERIAL WITHIN A CAVITY
The invention relates to a method for placing a body of shape memory material within a cavity.
It is known from German patent specification 3544128 to provide a pipe connection by means of a sleeve of a shape memory material which is stretched before installation while it is ~ept at a low temperature and which is subsequently heated so as to raise its temperature to above a phase transition temperature of the memory material thereby causing the sleeve to shrink around the pipeline ends which are to be interconnected.
In many situations, however, the pipe exterior may be in-accessible, for example if the pipe forms part of a subsurface tubular string used for the production of hydrocarbons from a well.
Furthermore it may be needed to install a body of shape memory material inside an uncased borehole or other cavity against the surrounding earth formation. Then there is a need to transport a body of shape memory material over a substantial distance through the interior of a cavity and then place it at a desired location within the cavity.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for placing a body of shape memory material in a cavity whilst avoiding that the body gets entangled during its transportation into the cavity.
The method according to the invention comprises:
- bringing the body of shape memory material into an expanded shape which is tailored to the use of the body within said cavity while the body is at a temperature above a phase transition temperature of the memory material, - cooling the body of shape memory material to a temperature below said transition temperature, 132~37 - deforming the body of shape memory material to a condensed shape which allows free movement of the body through said cavity and attaching the body to a running device, - moving the running device with the body of shape memory material attached thereto through said cavity while main-taining the shape memory material at a temperature below said transition temperature, - manoeuvring the running device to a location in said cavity where the body of shape memory material is to be placed, 10 - heating the body to above said transition temperature and allowing the shape memory material to revert to said expanded shape, and - retrieving the running device from the cavity.
It is to be understood that in this specification and in the claims the term cavity refers to any ccnfined space which is only accessible via a narrow or elongate entrance, such as an elongate pipe string or tubing for transfer of fluids,or a cased or uncased borehole that has been drilled into subsurface formations for the production of hydrocarbons. The cavity may form part of the pipe string or borehole itself, in which case the cavity has a substantially tubular shape and the same width as its entrance.
Preferably the body of memory material includes a plate of a memory metal or alloy, which plate is before its transportation into the cavity deformed by scrolling, bending or folding it to such a condensed shape that the external width of the deformed plate is smaller than the internal width of the cavity and the entrance of the cavity.
Preferably the method according to the invention comprises the steps of:
30 - pre-shaping a construction incorporating a plate of shape memory material, while its temperature is above said transition temperature, to such a substantially tubular shape that after installation the construction tends to expand against the inner wall of the cavity, - scrolling the construction around a section of a running device while its temperature is held below said transition temperature and moving the device into the cavity, - heating the construction to above said transition temperature so as to induce the construction to expand against the inner wall of the cavity at the location where it is to be placed, and - detaching the running device from the expanded construction.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention a tubular body of shape memory material is after cooling it to below the phase transition temperature deformed by folding it into a corrugated shape around the running device in order to create sufficient clearance between the deformed body of shape memory material and the entrance of the cavity during its transport into the cavity. At ~5 the location inside the cavity where the body is to be installed it is heated to above the phase transition temperature so that the body unfolds itself again and reverts to its original tubular shape.
In the context of this specification and the claims a memory material is defined as a material which changes of shape at a certain transition temperature. Memory materials are described in U.S. patent Nos. 3,012,882; 3,174,851; 3,351,463; 3,567,523;
3,753,700; 3,783,037; 4,036,669 and 4,146,392.
Many of the memory materials described in these patents consist of memory metals or alloys which undergo at the transition temperature a phase transformation from a martensitic state into an austenitic state and vice versa. As described in these patents for certain compositions of the memory material the transition temperature is formed by a temperature range within which the memory material gradually changes of shape due to a gradual phase transformation. Usually the body of memory material is pre-shaped while in the austenitic state, then cooled until it undergoes a martensitic transition and subsequently deformed while maintained in the martensitic state. When the body is heated to above the transition temperature the body will revert to its original, 13~0~37 pre-shaped, configuration.
It will be understood that a body of memory material may contain other materials than a pure memory metal or alloy. The body may for example consist of a composite material or a laminate built up of alternating layers of a memory metal and of another material.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a running device carrying a scrolled construction of shape material inside a cavity, Figure 2 shows the device of Figure 1 when seen in cross-section along line II-II, and Figure 3 shows in cross-section a running device carrying a folded construction of shape memory material.
Referring now to Figure 1 there is shown a running device 1 which carries a scrolled construction 2 of shape memory material.
The running device 1 comprises a cylindrical mid section 3 and two end sections 4 and 5 around which protecting stabilizers 6 and 7 are secured. The running device 1 is suspended from a wireline 8 inside a tubular cavity 10 such as a borehole or tubular string.
Alternatively the running device may be carried by or form part of a pipe string such as a string of drill pipes or small size continuous tubing.
The stabilizers 6 and 7 protect the construction of shape memory material from contact with the cavity wall during the descent of the device to the location where the construction 2 is to be installed. During the descent the construction 2 is scrolled around the cylindrical mid section 3 of the running device 1 and possibly held in place by clamps 12 which are also made of shape memory material.
The procedure for securing the construction 2 of shape memory material around the running device 1 before lowering the device into the borehole 9 and the procedure for detaching the construction 2 from the device 1 when the device 1 has arrived at the location where the construction 2 is to be placed is as 1320~37 follow~.
At the surface the construction 2 of shape memory material is brought into an expanded shape which corresponds roughly to the contour of the borehole section or tubular string where the construction is to be placed. This may be accomplished by scrolling a rectangular plate of shape memory material around a cylindrical element which has a diameter corresponding to the internal width of the borehole or tubular string. During the above step of pre-shaping the shape memory material the construction 2 is held at a temperature above the austenitic/martensitic transition tempera-ture. This transition temperature can be influenced by varying the composition of the shape memory material. For applications in a hydrocarbon production well the transition temperature will gener-ally be set somewhere between about 50 and 100 C, depending upon the actual location of placement and utilization of the construction of shape memory material in the well.
After the above step of pre-shaping the construction 2 is cooled to below said austenitic/martensitic transition temperature.
Now the shape memory material is in the martensitic phase and can easily be deformed and scrolled around the cylindrical section 3 of the running device 1 in the manner as shown in Fig. 2.
In the same manner, when necessary, clamps 12 of a memory material are pre-shaped such that they allow release of the construction whilst the clamps 12 are deformed after cooling them down to below the austenitic/martensitic transition temperature into the shape shown in Figure 1 in which they are clamped around the construction 2.
Subsequently the running device 1 is lowered into the borehole 9 while its temperature is maintained below the austenitic/-martensitic transition temperature. When the running device 1 is positioned at the location where the construction 2 is to be placed the running device may be heated e.g. by a directly or indirectly electrically driven heater or a microwave source (not shown) to above the austenitic/martensitic transition ~emperature of the memory material. This causes the clamps 12 to be released from the construction 2 and the construction 2 to unfold to its expanded shape against the wall of the cavity 10.
Sealing of the expanded construction 2 against the borehole wall 10 can be accomplished in various ways. A socket (not shown) of a flexible material may surround at least the end portions of the construction 2, which socket is impregnated with a suitable bonding agent, such as EPIKOTE. After expansion of the construction ~` 2 against the wall of the cavity the bonding agent is relaesed from the socket and provides a permanent fixation of the construction inside the cavity.
Alternatively some form of bonding agent may be directly applied to the outer surface of the construction 2 which agent only gets its glueing properties after a prolonged contact with mud or a specially circulated fluid. The bonding agent may also be of the ~5 type which gets its bonding properties when subjected to a high temperature or of a two component type which becomes active when the second component is freed by e.g~ the hydrostatic pressure of the borehole fluid. Instead, the bonding agent may be of a soft metal type through which metal-to-metal sealing characterics can be derived from a predetermined constrained expansion of the shape memory material construction.
The construction of shape memory material may be placed across a zone of a borehole where the borehole wall is fractured and where loss of drilling fluid into the formation takes place or formation water flows into the borehole. During drilling through such fractured formations the running device 1 may be included in a drill string and if drilling fluid losses occur the construction is positioned across the loss zone and secured to the borehole wall by lowering a heating tool (not shown) through the drill string to heat the device 1 tc the temperature at which the shape memory material becomes in its austenitic phase. The strength of the bonding agent should be sufficient to temporarily withstand the pressure difference between the formation fluids and borehole fluids until the borehole is cased-off. Furt~ermore it should also be able to withstand impacts from drill str;ng stabilizers while ~ D6 ~ Rk drilling or tripping, while allowing the drillstring downhole tools to be retracted from the borehole through the expanded construction.
Besides the above described utilization of a construction of shape memory material as a patch-while-drilling (PWD) tool there are numerous other applications where placement of a construction of shape memory material inside a cavity may be needed, such as:
- downhole repair of a corroded oil or gas production tubing, - downhole shut-off of watered out or sand producing zones while maintaining access to deeper producing zones of an oil or gas reservoir, - repair of environmentally inaccessible flow- or bulk oil or gas transfer lines, - placement of a through-tubing bridge plug in a well, - repair of a failed latch in a dual string well completion, and - repair inside inaccessible surface equipment such as replace-ment of a heating coil inside a reactor vessel of a gasplant.
It will be understood that instead of scrolling the shape memory material around a cylindrical section of the running device 1 it may be secured thereto in any other suitable manner.
Figure 3 shows an embodiment where a running device 30 carries an originally tubular body 31 of shape memory material, which body is while it is in the martenitic phase deformed by folding it into a concavo convex corrugated shape around the device 30. When the running device 30 has reached the location where the body 31 of shape memory material is to be placed it is heated so as to induce the body of shape memory material to revert to its originally tubular shape which is tailored to the internal width of the borehole 33.
Instead of the particular shape shown in the drawing the body of shape memory material may have any other suitable shape, depend-ing upon the type of operations in which it is utilized. The memory material may for example be lowered through a well at the lower end of a running device for use as a fishing tool to retrieve lost equipment from a well. In that case the bod~ of shape memory 1320~37 material is manoeuvred around or if possible within or over the top of the lost equipment and subsequently heated so as to deform and firmly grip the equipment, whereupon the running device together with the equipment is retrieved from the well.
The running device may be provided with cooling and/or heating means. The cooling means may be activated to maintain the shape memory material in the martensitic phase while the device is moved into the cavity whereas the heating means are activated when the device has reached the location where the body of shape memory material is to be placed in order to bring the shape memory material in the austenitic phase.
If the running device is moved from an environment where the temperature is below the austenic/martensitic transition temperature of the shape memory material into a cavity where the temperature is just above said temperature the heat inertia of the running device may be utilized to maintain the shape memory material in the martensitic phase during transport and to allow its transition into the austenitic phase after having reached the location where it is to be placed. The running device may be cooled during its transport through the cavity by filling it with blocks of melting ice so as to avoid expansion of the memory material before it has arrived at the location where it is to be placed.
From the above description it will become apparent to those skilled in the art that apart from the embodiments shown in the drawings there are numerous possible modifications of the procedure for placing a body of shape memory material inside a cavity.
Accordingly it should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention shown in the drawings are illustrative only.
SHAPE MEMORY MATERIAL WITHIN A CAVITY
The invention relates to a method for placing a body of shape memory material within a cavity.
It is known from German patent specification 3544128 to provide a pipe connection by means of a sleeve of a shape memory material which is stretched before installation while it is ~ept at a low temperature and which is subsequently heated so as to raise its temperature to above a phase transition temperature of the memory material thereby causing the sleeve to shrink around the pipeline ends which are to be interconnected.
In many situations, however, the pipe exterior may be in-accessible, for example if the pipe forms part of a subsurface tubular string used for the production of hydrocarbons from a well.
Furthermore it may be needed to install a body of shape memory material inside an uncased borehole or other cavity against the surrounding earth formation. Then there is a need to transport a body of shape memory material over a substantial distance through the interior of a cavity and then place it at a desired location within the cavity.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for placing a body of shape memory material in a cavity whilst avoiding that the body gets entangled during its transportation into the cavity.
The method according to the invention comprises:
- bringing the body of shape memory material into an expanded shape which is tailored to the use of the body within said cavity while the body is at a temperature above a phase transition temperature of the memory material, - cooling the body of shape memory material to a temperature below said transition temperature, 132~37 - deforming the body of shape memory material to a condensed shape which allows free movement of the body through said cavity and attaching the body to a running device, - moving the running device with the body of shape memory material attached thereto through said cavity while main-taining the shape memory material at a temperature below said transition temperature, - manoeuvring the running device to a location in said cavity where the body of shape memory material is to be placed, 10 - heating the body to above said transition temperature and allowing the shape memory material to revert to said expanded shape, and - retrieving the running device from the cavity.
It is to be understood that in this specification and in the claims the term cavity refers to any ccnfined space which is only accessible via a narrow or elongate entrance, such as an elongate pipe string or tubing for transfer of fluids,or a cased or uncased borehole that has been drilled into subsurface formations for the production of hydrocarbons. The cavity may form part of the pipe string or borehole itself, in which case the cavity has a substantially tubular shape and the same width as its entrance.
Preferably the body of memory material includes a plate of a memory metal or alloy, which plate is before its transportation into the cavity deformed by scrolling, bending or folding it to such a condensed shape that the external width of the deformed plate is smaller than the internal width of the cavity and the entrance of the cavity.
Preferably the method according to the invention comprises the steps of:
30 - pre-shaping a construction incorporating a plate of shape memory material, while its temperature is above said transition temperature, to such a substantially tubular shape that after installation the construction tends to expand against the inner wall of the cavity, - scrolling the construction around a section of a running device while its temperature is held below said transition temperature and moving the device into the cavity, - heating the construction to above said transition temperature so as to induce the construction to expand against the inner wall of the cavity at the location where it is to be placed, and - detaching the running device from the expanded construction.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention a tubular body of shape memory material is after cooling it to below the phase transition temperature deformed by folding it into a corrugated shape around the running device in order to create sufficient clearance between the deformed body of shape memory material and the entrance of the cavity during its transport into the cavity. At ~5 the location inside the cavity where the body is to be installed it is heated to above the phase transition temperature so that the body unfolds itself again and reverts to its original tubular shape.
In the context of this specification and the claims a memory material is defined as a material which changes of shape at a certain transition temperature. Memory materials are described in U.S. patent Nos. 3,012,882; 3,174,851; 3,351,463; 3,567,523;
3,753,700; 3,783,037; 4,036,669 and 4,146,392.
Many of the memory materials described in these patents consist of memory metals or alloys which undergo at the transition temperature a phase transformation from a martensitic state into an austenitic state and vice versa. As described in these patents for certain compositions of the memory material the transition temperature is formed by a temperature range within which the memory material gradually changes of shape due to a gradual phase transformation. Usually the body of memory material is pre-shaped while in the austenitic state, then cooled until it undergoes a martensitic transition and subsequently deformed while maintained in the martensitic state. When the body is heated to above the transition temperature the body will revert to its original, 13~0~37 pre-shaped, configuration.
It will be understood that a body of memory material may contain other materials than a pure memory metal or alloy. The body may for example consist of a composite material or a laminate built up of alternating layers of a memory metal and of another material.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a running device carrying a scrolled construction of shape material inside a cavity, Figure 2 shows the device of Figure 1 when seen in cross-section along line II-II, and Figure 3 shows in cross-section a running device carrying a folded construction of shape memory material.
Referring now to Figure 1 there is shown a running device 1 which carries a scrolled construction 2 of shape memory material.
The running device 1 comprises a cylindrical mid section 3 and two end sections 4 and 5 around which protecting stabilizers 6 and 7 are secured. The running device 1 is suspended from a wireline 8 inside a tubular cavity 10 such as a borehole or tubular string.
Alternatively the running device may be carried by or form part of a pipe string such as a string of drill pipes or small size continuous tubing.
The stabilizers 6 and 7 protect the construction of shape memory material from contact with the cavity wall during the descent of the device to the location where the construction 2 is to be installed. During the descent the construction 2 is scrolled around the cylindrical mid section 3 of the running device 1 and possibly held in place by clamps 12 which are also made of shape memory material.
The procedure for securing the construction 2 of shape memory material around the running device 1 before lowering the device into the borehole 9 and the procedure for detaching the construction 2 from the device 1 when the device 1 has arrived at the location where the construction 2 is to be placed is as 1320~37 follow~.
At the surface the construction 2 of shape memory material is brought into an expanded shape which corresponds roughly to the contour of the borehole section or tubular string where the construction is to be placed. This may be accomplished by scrolling a rectangular plate of shape memory material around a cylindrical element which has a diameter corresponding to the internal width of the borehole or tubular string. During the above step of pre-shaping the shape memory material the construction 2 is held at a temperature above the austenitic/martensitic transition tempera-ture. This transition temperature can be influenced by varying the composition of the shape memory material. For applications in a hydrocarbon production well the transition temperature will gener-ally be set somewhere between about 50 and 100 C, depending upon the actual location of placement and utilization of the construction of shape memory material in the well.
After the above step of pre-shaping the construction 2 is cooled to below said austenitic/martensitic transition temperature.
Now the shape memory material is in the martensitic phase and can easily be deformed and scrolled around the cylindrical section 3 of the running device 1 in the manner as shown in Fig. 2.
In the same manner, when necessary, clamps 12 of a memory material are pre-shaped such that they allow release of the construction whilst the clamps 12 are deformed after cooling them down to below the austenitic/martensitic transition temperature into the shape shown in Figure 1 in which they are clamped around the construction 2.
Subsequently the running device 1 is lowered into the borehole 9 while its temperature is maintained below the austenitic/-martensitic transition temperature. When the running device 1 is positioned at the location where the construction 2 is to be placed the running device may be heated e.g. by a directly or indirectly electrically driven heater or a microwave source (not shown) to above the austenitic/martensitic transition ~emperature of the memory material. This causes the clamps 12 to be released from the construction 2 and the construction 2 to unfold to its expanded shape against the wall of the cavity 10.
Sealing of the expanded construction 2 against the borehole wall 10 can be accomplished in various ways. A socket (not shown) of a flexible material may surround at least the end portions of the construction 2, which socket is impregnated with a suitable bonding agent, such as EPIKOTE. After expansion of the construction ~` 2 against the wall of the cavity the bonding agent is relaesed from the socket and provides a permanent fixation of the construction inside the cavity.
Alternatively some form of bonding agent may be directly applied to the outer surface of the construction 2 which agent only gets its glueing properties after a prolonged contact with mud or a specially circulated fluid. The bonding agent may also be of the ~5 type which gets its bonding properties when subjected to a high temperature or of a two component type which becomes active when the second component is freed by e.g~ the hydrostatic pressure of the borehole fluid. Instead, the bonding agent may be of a soft metal type through which metal-to-metal sealing characterics can be derived from a predetermined constrained expansion of the shape memory material construction.
The construction of shape memory material may be placed across a zone of a borehole where the borehole wall is fractured and where loss of drilling fluid into the formation takes place or formation water flows into the borehole. During drilling through such fractured formations the running device 1 may be included in a drill string and if drilling fluid losses occur the construction is positioned across the loss zone and secured to the borehole wall by lowering a heating tool (not shown) through the drill string to heat the device 1 tc the temperature at which the shape memory material becomes in its austenitic phase. The strength of the bonding agent should be sufficient to temporarily withstand the pressure difference between the formation fluids and borehole fluids until the borehole is cased-off. Furt~ermore it should also be able to withstand impacts from drill str;ng stabilizers while ~ D6 ~ Rk drilling or tripping, while allowing the drillstring downhole tools to be retracted from the borehole through the expanded construction.
Besides the above described utilization of a construction of shape memory material as a patch-while-drilling (PWD) tool there are numerous other applications where placement of a construction of shape memory material inside a cavity may be needed, such as:
- downhole repair of a corroded oil or gas production tubing, - downhole shut-off of watered out or sand producing zones while maintaining access to deeper producing zones of an oil or gas reservoir, - repair of environmentally inaccessible flow- or bulk oil or gas transfer lines, - placement of a through-tubing bridge plug in a well, - repair of a failed latch in a dual string well completion, and - repair inside inaccessible surface equipment such as replace-ment of a heating coil inside a reactor vessel of a gasplant.
It will be understood that instead of scrolling the shape memory material around a cylindrical section of the running device 1 it may be secured thereto in any other suitable manner.
Figure 3 shows an embodiment where a running device 30 carries an originally tubular body 31 of shape memory material, which body is while it is in the martenitic phase deformed by folding it into a concavo convex corrugated shape around the device 30. When the running device 30 has reached the location where the body 31 of shape memory material is to be placed it is heated so as to induce the body of shape memory material to revert to its originally tubular shape which is tailored to the internal width of the borehole 33.
Instead of the particular shape shown in the drawing the body of shape memory material may have any other suitable shape, depend-ing upon the type of operations in which it is utilized. The memory material may for example be lowered through a well at the lower end of a running device for use as a fishing tool to retrieve lost equipment from a well. In that case the bod~ of shape memory 1320~37 material is manoeuvred around or if possible within or over the top of the lost equipment and subsequently heated so as to deform and firmly grip the equipment, whereupon the running device together with the equipment is retrieved from the well.
The running device may be provided with cooling and/or heating means. The cooling means may be activated to maintain the shape memory material in the martensitic phase while the device is moved into the cavity whereas the heating means are activated when the device has reached the location where the body of shape memory material is to be placed in order to bring the shape memory material in the austenitic phase.
If the running device is moved from an environment where the temperature is below the austenic/martensitic transition temperature of the shape memory material into a cavity where the temperature is just above said temperature the heat inertia of the running device may be utilized to maintain the shape memory material in the martensitic phase during transport and to allow its transition into the austenitic phase after having reached the location where it is to be placed. The running device may be cooled during its transport through the cavity by filling it with blocks of melting ice so as to avoid expansion of the memory material before it has arrived at the location where it is to be placed.
From the above description it will become apparent to those skilled in the art that apart from the embodiments shown in the drawings there are numerous possible modifications of the procedure for placing a body of shape memory material inside a cavity.
Accordingly it should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention shown in the drawings are illustrative only.
Claims (10)
1. A method for placing a body of shape memory material within a cavity, the method comprising:
- bringing the body of shape memory material into an expanded shape which is tailored to the use of the body within said cavity while the body is at a temperature above a phase transition temperature of the memory material, - cooling the body of shape memory material to a temperature below said transition temperature, - deforming the body of shape memory material to a condensed shape which allows free movement of the body into the cavity and attaching the body to a running device, - moving the running device with the body of shape memory material attached thereto through said cavity while main-taining the shape memory material at a temperature below said transition temperature, - manoeuvring the device to a location in said cavity where the body of shape memory material is to be placed, - heating the shape memory material to above said transition temperature and allowing the shape memory material to revert to said expanded shape, and - retrieving the running device from the cavity.
- bringing the body of shape memory material into an expanded shape which is tailored to the use of the body within said cavity while the body is at a temperature above a phase transition temperature of the memory material, - cooling the body of shape memory material to a temperature below said transition temperature, - deforming the body of shape memory material to a condensed shape which allows free movement of the body into the cavity and attaching the body to a running device, - moving the running device with the body of shape memory material attached thereto through said cavity while main-taining the shape memory material at a temperature below said transition temperature, - manoeuvring the device to a location in said cavity where the body of shape memory material is to be placed, - heating the shape memory material to above said transition temperature and allowing the shape memory material to revert to said expanded shape, and - retrieving the running device from the cavity.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the cavity and its entrance have a substantially tubular shape and the body of memory comprises a plate of memory metal, which plate is before its transportation into the cavity deformed by scrolling, bending or folding it to such a condensed shape that the external width of the deformed plate is smaller than the internal width of the cavity and its entrance.
3. The method of claim 2 comprising the steps of:
- pre-shaping a construction comprising a plate of of shape memory material, while its temperature is above said transition temperature, to such a substantially tubular shape that after installation the construction tends to expand against the inner wall of the cavity, - scrolling the construction around a cylindrical section of a running device while its temperature is held below said transition temperature and moving the device into the cavity, - heating the construction to above said transition temperature so as to induce the construction to expand against the inner wall of the cavity at the location where it is to be placed, and - detaching the running device from the expanded construction.
- pre-shaping a construction comprising a plate of of shape memory material, while its temperature is above said transition temperature, to such a substantially tubular shape that after installation the construction tends to expand against the inner wall of the cavity, - scrolling the construction around a cylindrical section of a running device while its temperature is held below said transition temperature and moving the device into the cavity, - heating the construction to above said transition temperature so as to induce the construction to expand against the inner wall of the cavity at the location where it is to be placed, and - detaching the running device from the expanded construction.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the cavity forms part of a subterranean oil or gas production well and the running device is equipped with protecting stabilizer blades which are mounted above and below said cylindrical section and a pair of clamps which fix the construction of memory material in its scrolled shape during the descent of the device into the well, and wherein the step of detaching the running device from the construction comprising a plate of shape memory material is carried out by removing the clamps from the construction when the running device has reached the location where the construction is to be installed.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the construction comprising a plate of shape memory material is cooled at a temperature below said transition range by cooling means in the running device until the sub has reached the location where the construction is to be installed.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein the construction is heated to a temperature above said transition range by heating means in the running device after the device has reached the location where the construction is to be installed.
7. The method of claim 3 wherein after expanding the construction of shape memory material against the inner wall of the cavity the construction is secured to said wall by activating a bonding agent carried by the construction.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the bonding agent comprises EPIKOTE which is impregnated in a flexible socket that surrounds at least part of the scrolled construction during its transportation into the cavity.
9. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of pre-shaping the construction of shape memory material consists of scrolling the lplate of shape memory material around a cylindrical element which has a diameter which is similar to the internal width of the cavity in which the construction of shape memory material is to be placed.
10. The method of claim 2 wherein the body of memory material is pre-shaped such that it has a tubular shape whereupon it is after cooling it to a temperature below the transition temperature deformed by folding it into a corrugated shape, lowered into a well and again heated to a temperature above the transition temperature so as to allow the body of shape memory material to revert to its tubular shape.
ML4.T5534FF
ML4.T5534FF
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8820608 | 1988-08-31 | ||
| GB888820608A GB8820608D0 (en) | 1988-08-31 | 1988-08-31 | Method for placing body of shape memory within tubing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1320437C true CA1320437C (en) | 1993-07-20 |
Family
ID=10642972
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000608339A Expired - Fee Related CA1320437C (en) | 1988-08-31 | 1989-08-15 | Method of placing a body of shape memory material within a cavity |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5040283A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0360319B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1013506B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1320437C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68903617T2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8820608D0 (en) |
| MY (1) | MY105041A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO180460C (en) |
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- 1989-08-15 CA CA000608339A patent/CA1320437C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-08-29 MY MYPI89001185A patent/MY105041A/en unknown
- 1989-08-29 NO NO893464A patent/NO180460C/en unknown
- 1989-08-29 CN CN89106667A patent/CN1013506B/en not_active Expired
- 1989-08-30 DE DE8989202197T patent/DE68903617T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-30 EP EP89202197A patent/EP0360319B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO180460C (en) | 1997-04-23 |
| DE68903617D1 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
| US5040283A (en) | 1991-08-20 |
| EP0360319A1 (en) | 1990-03-28 |
| CN1040859A (en) | 1990-03-28 |
| EP0360319B1 (en) | 1992-11-25 |
| DE68903617T2 (en) | 1993-06-03 |
| GB8820608D0 (en) | 1988-09-28 |
| NO180460B (en) | 1997-01-13 |
| NO893464L (en) | 1990-03-01 |
| MY105041A (en) | 1994-07-30 |
| CN1013506B (en) | 1991-08-14 |
| NO893464D0 (en) | 1989-08-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |