CA1304210C - Process for the at least partial hardening of sealants and adhesives using pulsed microwave energy - Google Patents

Process for the at least partial hardening of sealants and adhesives using pulsed microwave energy

Info

Publication number
CA1304210C
CA1304210C CA000569178A CA569178A CA1304210C CA 1304210 C CA1304210 C CA 1304210C CA 000569178 A CA000569178 A CA 000569178A CA 569178 A CA569178 A CA 569178A CA 1304210 C CA1304210 C CA 1304210C
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
sealant
adhesive
microwave energy
pulse
microwaves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CA000569178A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Edward W. Duck
Ingolf Scheffler
Michael Hirthammer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel Teroson GmbH
Original Assignee
Henkel Teroson GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel Teroson GmbH filed Critical Henkel Teroson GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1304210C publication Critical patent/CA1304210C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1425Microwave radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1435Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. transmission welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1477Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B29C65/1483Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier coated on the article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1487Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of light guides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1496Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of masks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835Heat curing adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60JWINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J10/00Sealing arrangements
    • B60J10/70Sealing arrangements specially adapted for windows or windscreens
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08Processes
    • C08G18/10Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/80Apparatus for specific applications
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0855Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/484Moisture curing adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/485Multi-component adhesives, i.e. chemically curing as a result of the mixing of said multi-components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4865Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2709/00Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2709/08Glass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/26Sealing devices, e.g. packaging for pistons or pipe joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3052Windscreens

Abstract

ABSTRACT

For the at least partial curing of sealants and adhesives in particular in connection with the direct glazing of motor vehicles, at least part of the sealant and adhesive is heated by applying microwave energy.

Description

2~

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE AT LEAST PARTIAL
CURING OF SEALANTS AND ADHESIVES
The invention relates to a process for the at least partial curing of sealants and adhesives, particularly in connection with the direct glazing of motor vehicles, in which at least part of the sealant and adhesive is heated.
Sealants and adhesives have already been proposed (Canadian patent application 559,260), which can be initiated both by heat and moisture, so that they can be set or hardened by brief heating and then subsequently cured by moisture. These are one component polyurethane sealants and adhesives based on telechelic isocyanate prepolymers of aromatic diisocyanates in stoichiometric excess and polyols, which contain a catalyst for moisture initiation and a blocked, heat-activatable crosslinking ayent.
The polyurethane prepolymers to be used are prepared in per se known manner from excess aromatic diisocyanate and a polyol. Suitable aromatic diisocyanates are e.g.
diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI), toluylene diisocyanate (TDI), naphthalene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate and 1,3-bis(isocyanato-methyl)-benzene and m or p-tetramethyl xylene diisocyanate (m-or p-TMXDI).
The polyol component can be constituted by polyether polyols, such as polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide and copolymers thereof, polyester polyols and hydrofunctional acrylates and methacrylates.
The preferred catalysts for moisture initiation of the aromatic isocyanate prepolymers are tin compounds, such as tin (II) octoate, dibutyl tin laurate and dibutyl tin maleate. It is also possible to use organo-mercury, lead and bismuth compounds, such as e.g. phenyl mercury 3S acetate or lead naphthenate. Tertiary diamines, e~g.
Dabco* and cyclic compounds, such as diacabicycloundecene *Trademark - ~3~2~

(DBU) or combinations with heavy metals are also suitable.
Suitable blocked, heat-activatable crosslinking agents are complexed amines, particularly the complex compound of methylene dianiline (MDA) and NaCl. The formula of this complex compound is generally given as (MDA)3.NaCl. The compound is available from Uniroyal under the trade name Caytur. By heating to temperatures between 120 and 160C thermal decomposition of the complex compound takes place and the liberated methylene dianiline leads to the crosslinking of the polyurethane prepolymer. Normally the MDA complex is used in substoichiometric quantity. Although the brief heating only leads to an incomplete crosslinking, it still gives the system an adequate mechanical initial strength.
Complete curing and achieving the final strength is brought about by the reaction of the isocyanate prepolymer with moisture.
Suitable crosslinking agents are also polyamino or polyhydroxy-functional compounds, such as methylene dianiline or polyester polyols, which are microencapsulated and are consequently unavailable at ambient temperature for reacting with the isocyanate prepolymer. Encapsulation can take place in a particularly advantageous manner with the aid of methyl methacrylate or other (meth) acrylates, which only soften at temperatures above 100C. Even though the polyamino or hydroxy-functional compound is solid at ambient temperature, but softens as from approximately 60C, heating to temperatures above 100C leads to the softening or swelling of the shell or envelope of the microcapsules and therefore to the release of the crosslinking agent. Such crosslinking agents have the advantage that they contain no NaCl or other metal salt.
Such a one-component polyurethane system is ~:r~, ~,, ~

characterized by its excellent adhesion to mekal and pretreated glass and is therefore particularly suitable for ~he direct glazing of cars. On adding suitable fillers and rheology aids, the system has an extremely good stability, so that it can be mechanically applied in the desired profile shape to the glass windshields and the like and can he inserted with the same into the vehicle body.
In order to be able to process such heat and moisture-initiating sealants and adhesives in an optimum simple manner during the direct glazing of motor vehicles or also during the manufacture of insulating glass windshields or plates in accordance with the aforementioned p~ocess, according to the invention heating takes place by a spatially limited application of microwave energy. With the windshield inserted microwave energy is applied to at least part of the sealant and adhesive, so that a curing of the sealant and adhesive occurs therein which fixes the windshield in its inserted position. This is followed by the complete curing of the sealant and adhesive without energy supply, i.e. by moisture.
It is therefore merely necessary to apply microwave ener~y to one or more points of the sealant and adhesive, which are preferably at opposite sides, so that in this way the windshield can be reliably fixed by means of the sealant and adhesive in its mounting, so that the sealant and adhesive can then completely cure during the further motor vehicle manufacturing process through moisture and in particular atmospheric moisture.
It is also possible to use a slow curing sealant and adhesive, which is subject to microwave action prior to joining to the windshield. If the thermally activatable component has a lower reactivity, such as e.g.
difunctional or trifunctional polyol components, !~, ,, ~3~

microwav~ energy can be applied to the complete sealant and adhesive prior to the assembly of the parts ko be joined by adhesion.
The lse of microwave energy for heating electrically non-conductive materials is known per se and a detailed summary of this technology appears in the work by R.~.
Decareau and R.A. Peterson "Microwave Processing and Engineering", VCh Verlagsgesellschaft, 1986. The use of microwaves for curing polyurethane systems is also already known in principle (US Patent 4,083,901).
~owever, in this known process for the use of microwave energy, the substrates to be heated are exposed to the microwave field in large, closed chambers, such as e.g.
large furnaces or belt dryers. ~owever, it is not possible to use such processes if sealing and adhesion points are made on large and heavy objects, such as car parts or complete car bodies and only very small areas are exposed to microwave energy compared with the overall dimensions of the component.
The quantity of the microwave energy to be supplied for per~orming the partial or complete curing process is dependent on various factors, e.g. the viscosity of the sealant and adhesive used, as well as the thickness of the layer to be cured and the greater the viscosity of the sealant and adhesive and the smaller the coating thickness, the greater the microwave energy quantity supplied.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the inventive process, the microwave energy is applied in pulse-like manner, a first pulse group being supplied and within this the pulse amplitudes decrease.
As a result of this pulse-like application of the microwave energy, there is initially a relatively high, but brief energy supply, so that part of the ~ealant and adhesive is signi~icantly heated, without there being any ~3~2~L~

combustion or decomposition phenomena. Between the supply of the first microwave pulse and the supply of the following pulse in the first pulse group, there is consequently a temperature balance within the sealant and adhesive as a result of heat conduction, so that the following pulse does not lead to an overheating of the initially relatively highly heated area of the sealant and adhesive. As a result of the heating which has already taken plase through the first pulse and the resulting raised temperature of the sealant and adhesive there is subsequently a supply of a smaller energy quantity, in that microwave pulses with decreasing amplitudes are then applied to the sealant and adhesive.
Following the application of the microwave energy of the first pulse group to the sealant and adhesive the latter has already undergone a certain curing, so that there is a significant rise in its viscosity. For continuing the curing process, a further group of microwave energy pulses can be applied, whose amplitudes decrease from the start to the finish of the group.
Continuous microwave energy can be supplied to the sealant and adhesive between the two pulse groups, so that in this way an increased temperature is maintained and a uniform temperature distribution occurs.
Particularly if the entire microwave energy application is to take place within a relatively short time of e.g. 60 seconds, prior to the first pulse group microwave energy in the form of a single pulse can be applied, whose ampIitude and energy content are higher than those of the first pulse of the first pulse group, so that with said first pulse initially a relatively high energy quantity is supplied, but which just fails to bring about a decomposition and/or combustion of the sealant and adhesive, but whereby a significant temperature increase within the entire sealant and ~3~

adhesive cross-section is brought about by heat conduction during the interval between the single pulse and the first pulse of the first pulse group.
If the inventive process is e.g. to be used in connection with the direct glazing of motor vehicles, then the sealant and adhesive to be cured is conventionally located between the glass windshield to be inserted and a metal frame. For the case of such a joining of a metal part and a non-metallic workpiece, it is appropriate to preheat the metal part in the vicinity of the sealant and adhesive to roughly a temperature of 75 to 100C and preferably to between 80 and 95C, so as in this way to reduce khe heat dissipation from the sealant and adhesive in the transition region between the 1~ metal part and the sealant and adhesive and in this way the supplied microwave energy essentially acts on the sealant and adhesive.
For performing the inventive process in connection with sealant and adhesive engaging with the windshield, it is possible to use an apparatus in which to the magnetron producing the microwave energy is coupled a microwave conductor, such-as a waveguide, from which the microwave energy is supplied to the sealant and adhesive.
For this purpose it is e.g. possible to fit at the waveguide outlet and a radiation element, which can be brought into the immediate vicinity of the sealant and adhesive, so that through corresponding positioning and guidance of the radiation element, the desired spatially limited application of microwave energy to the sealant and adhesive takes placa.
It is also possible to secure the radiation element to a robot arm and to move same in controlled manner to the desired points of the sealant and adhesive and adjacent thereto.
The radiation element can e.g. be a radiating '~'' ~3~2~(~

dipole, which is laterally surrounded by reflectors, so that it concentrates the microwave radiation radiated by it onto a spatially very closely defined area.
In order to achieve a very effective curing with such a radiating dipole with a minimum energy consumption, the radiating dipole can be faced ~y a metal element, which can e.g. be part of the vehicle body in the case of the direct glazing of vehicles, but which in the case of joining two non-metallic components through the adhesive and sealant can also be in the form of an additional metal part. The system comprising the radiating dipole, the components to be joined, the sealant and adhesive and optionally the additional metal part is tuned to the resonant frequency, so that the microwave eneryy is highly effective.
In another apparatus for performing this process the wavegui~e can have a square or rectangular cross-section and can have in a wall passags openings for microwave energy, such as is e.g. known in connection with belt dryers in the food industry. The waveguide with its wall having the passage openings can be brought into the immediate vicinity of the sealant and adhesive, so as to bring about the microwave energy application.
In order to ensure that the sealant and adhesive is at least partly cured on opposite sides of the windscreen, two or more such waveguides can be interconnected, so that they have the spacing of facing windscreen edges. The waveguides can in this way be very simply brought to the desired points, so as to bring about at facing sides of the windshield an at least partial curing of the sealant and adhesive by microwave energy ~pplication.
It is also possible to fit several conductor elements at the waveguide exit and by means of a coupler and the free ends thereof can be brought into the ~3gl~LZ~

immediate vicinity of the sealant and adhesive, so that in this way different points of the sealant and adhesive can be simultaneously cured to such an extent that the windscreen is fixed in its fitted position.
In order to apply microwave energy to a slowly curing sealant and adhesive initially not yet joined to the windscreen, it is possible to use an apparatus in which a microwave energy transparent or transmitting tube or hose through which the sealant and adhesive can be passed extends through a cavity exposed to microwave energy action.
The invention is described in greater detail hereinafter relative to embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings, wherein show:
15 Fig. 1 an apparatus for the application of microwave energy with a radiation element, which is located in the vicinity of the border of a motor vehicle body windscreen inserted by means of a sealant and adhesive.
20 Fig. 2 diagrammatically the use of a dipole element as the radiation element for curing the sealant and adhesive for joining a non-metallic and a metallic component.
Fig. 3 in a representation corresponding to fig. 2, an arrangement for joining two non-metallic components by a sealant and adhesive.
Fig~ 4 a construction similar to fig. 1, in which a tapering waveguide is used as the radiation element~
30 Fig. 5 the position of two microwave energy-radiating, interconnected waveguides with respect to a windscreen~
Fig. 6 perspectively the structure of one of the waveguides of fig~ 5.
35 Fig. 7 in a representation corresponding to ~igO 6 a different construction of a waveguide according ~o fig. 5.
Fig. 8 in a rapresentation corresponding to fig. 1, an apparatus permitting the simultaneous application of microwave energy ko several spaced points of the sealant and adhesive for the windscreen of a motor vehicle.
Fig. 9 a fundamental side view of an apparatus with a microwave energy-transmitting hose or tube, which extends through a cavity.
Fig. 10 a section along line X-X of fig. 9.
Figs. 11 to 13 graphs for the microwave energy to be applied to a sealant and adhesive having different viscosities.
Fig. 14 a graph correspondiny to figs. 11 to 13 illustrating the necessary microwave energy in the case o~ a smaller sealant and adhesive coating thickness.
Figs. 15 to 17 graphs of the pulse-like application of microwave energy.
The apparatus shown in fig. 1 contains a conventional magnetron 4 for producing microwave energy, which is connected to a power supply means 5 and a control circuit 6. The output circuit of magnetron 4 is connected in conventional manner via a circulator 7 to a waveguide 8, which carries at its free end a radiation element 9, from which the microwave energy can be irradiated into the surrounding area in closely concentrated form.
As shown, the radiation element 9 is close to the upper edge o~ a windscreen 2, which is to be mounted in or on a motor vehicle body 1, whilst interposing a heat and moisture-initiating sealant and adhesive 3. Thus, the microwave enerqy ~rom the radiation element 9 and în ~3~2~l~

part through the microwave-transmitting glass of windscreen 2, can heat the sealant and adhesive in the areas exposed to the microwave energy and can bring abouk an at least partial curing there.
As is readily apparent, the radiation element 9, e.g. held by a robot arm, can be moved along the entire edge of the windscreen 2, so as to bring about a curing of the sealant and adhesive 3 in this area. However, it is also possible to bring about an only zonal curing by corresponding guidance of the radiation element 9, so that in this way the windscreen 2 is fixed in position with the aid of the sealant and adhesive, whilst the complete curing of the latter subsequently takes place by moisture.
As is diagrammatically indicated in fig. 2, the radiation element 9 can comprise a dipole, to which the microwave energy is supplied by means of the waveguide 8 or a coaxial cable. Laterally of the radiating dipole 9 are provided metal reflectors 201, which prevent a lateral propagation of the microwave energy.
The sealant and adhesive 3 for joining the windscreen 2 to the metal body 1 is located in the vicinity of the radiating dipole 9, windscreen 2 being located between the latter and the sealant and adhesive 3. The thus formed system of radiating dipole 9, glass windscreen 2, sealant and adhesive 3 and metal body 1 is so regulated that there is a resonance drop for the irradiated microwave energy.
If using an arrangement according to fig. 2 two components 2' (fig. 3) are to be joined, which are made from a non-metallic material, e.g. plastic or glass, then adjacent to the component 2' remote from the radiating dipole 9 is arranged a metal plate 1' and the system is once again made to resonate, so that the microwave energy ; 35 is particularly effective.

9~3~

A corresponding working can also take place with an apparatus, such as is diagrammatically shown in fig. 4, in which the same components as in fig. 1 are given the same reference numerals and corresponding components are 5 given the same reference numerals, followed by an apostrophe.
As shown, a locally limited action takes place to a sealant and adhesive 3 located between a glass windscreen 2 and a body part 21 using a waveguide 8~, which tapers 10 towards its exit port. The microwave energy is supplied to this waveguide from a magnetron 4 supplied by a power supply means 5 via a circulator 7, a waveguide coupler 202 and a tuner 203.
The tuner 203 used in this apparatus permits by 15 means of ad~usting rods projecting into the cavity of waveguide 8', an optimum adaptation for the microwave energy to be irradiated, whilst the tapering of the waveguide 8I taking place in the plane of the drawing from a width of 26mm to 20mm takes place in order to 20 bring about a concentration of the microwave energy onto the sealant and adhesive 3.
An at least partial curing of the corresponding sealant and adhesive can also take place with an apparatus of the type diagrammatically shown in fig. 5.
25 This apparatus rontains two waveguides 18,18' interconnected by struts 20 and on each of these waveguides is mounted a magnetron 14,14' supplying the same. The spacing of the waveguides 18,18' is chosen in such a way that their longitudinal axes are located in 30 the vicinity of facing edges of the windscreen 12.
The waveguides 18,18' can e.g. be constructed in accordance with the waveguide 18 in fig. 3, i.e. having a rectangular cross-section with side walls 21,23, a lower wall 20 and an upper wall 22. The lower wall 20, which 35 in operation faces the windscreen 12 and therefore also ! ~

~3~2~) the sealant and adhesive to be cured, contains a slot-like passage openings 24 running in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the waveguide 18. In operation, the microwave energy is supplied from the magnetron into the waveguide and moves in the direction of its longitudinal axis, as indicated by the arrow in fig. 6. As a result of the passage openings 24 dimensioned and arranged in known manner, microwave energy passes through the same and in accordance with the direction of the two arrows passes onto the edge region of windscreen 12 and through the same into the sealant and adhesive, as well as into the sealant and adhesive adjacent to the edge of windscreen 12, so that the latter is at least partly cured in the exposed region.
Another form of the waveguide to be used in the apparatus according to fig. 5 is shown in fig. 7. In the case of this waveguide 18" with side walls 21' and 23', upper wall 22' and lower wall 20', the latter contains slot-like passage openings 24 extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of waveguide 18", through which passes microwave energy in the same way as with the openings 24 according to fig. 3.
The apparatus shown in fig. 8 is similar to that of fig. 1 and the same parts are given the same reference numerals, but supplemented by 100, so that most of the coinciding parts will not be explained again.
In the case of this apparatus, to the coaxial cable 110 supplied from magnetron 104 via circulator 107 is connected a distributor element 111, from which emanate four conductors 108, such as hollow waveguides and to whose ends are fixed radiation elements 109. By means of said radiation elements, four spaced areas can be simultaneously supplied with microwave energy, so that four areas of the sealant and adhesive 103 located ~etween the body 101 and the windscreen 102 can be cured, ~3~

so that in this way windscreen 102 is fixed in position.
An apparatus according to figs. 9 and 10 can be used if the sealant and adhesive, which cures slowly on heating, is to be heated prior to insertion in the vehicle bodyO This apparatus contains a cavity surrounded by walls 51,52,53 and 54 through which extends a hose or tube 55, which is transparent to microwave energy. Microwave energy can be fed from a magnetron 57, via a coupler 56 into the cavity 50.
If the sealant and adhesive is drawn through the hose or tube 55, microwave energy is applied to it and it is heated and it can then be used for fixing a windscreen in a vehicle body. In this procedure the curing characteristic must be such that the pot life ~permanent processing time) is adequately long to ensure a good wetting during final installation.
The following examples serve to further illustrate the invention. In the graphs according to figs. 11 to 17, the time is plotted on the abscissa, the figures indicating half seconds, i.e. the figure 40 means 20 seconds, whereas the irradiated microwave energy as a percentage of the maximum transmitting power of the apparatus used is plotted on the ordinate.
It is pointed out in this connection that the amplitudes for the energy appearing in the graphs are only comparable with one another to the extent that they apply to the same apparatus, because through the use of different radiation elements clearly different proportions of the irradiated energy quantities act on ~30 the sealant and adhesive to bs cured.
Example 1.
In a test arrangement with a 25mm x 100 mm x 4 mm glass windscreen and a car coating lacquer-coated sheet steel strip of 25 mm x 100 mm x 1 mm, which have been pretreated with an adhesion-imparting polyurethane primer '' ~3~

~ 14 -(TEROSTAT 8510 of Teroson GmbH for the glass side and TEROSTAT 8520 of Teroson CmbH for the metal side) the sealant and adhesive was composed of the following components:
52.44% by weight of polyether diisocyanate (30%
plasticizer content) 31.35% by weight of carbon black and calcium carbonate in a weight ratio of 2:1 13.97% by weight of C7-C1l-phthalate as the plasticizer 0.20% by weight of nickel dibutyl dithiocarbamate 0.04% by weight of dibutyl tin maleate 2.00% by weight of complex compound (MDA)3NaCl (Caytur*
supplied by Uniroyal).
This was applied in a range of 25 mm x 5 mm and with a coating thickness of 5 mm. To this test arrangement microwave eneryv was applied for four minutes by means of an apparatus according to fig. 4 operating with a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a continuous power output of 500 Watt, the applied microwave energy quantity being adjusted in such a way that there was a comp]ete curing of the sealant and adhesive after this time.
The microwave energy to be applied for the sealant and adhesive used is shown for the different viscosities in figs. 11 to 13.
The viscosities of the sealant and adhesive used were measured by determining ~the so-called injection value, which is the quantity of sealant and adhesive in grammes forced out of a nozzle cartridge with a capacity of 310 ml and a nozzle diameter of 4.5 mm in one minute at a pressure of 4 bar. Thus, the higher the sealant and adhesive viscosity, the lower said injection value.
The viscosity of the sealant and adhesive for the test according to fig. 11 was 5 g/min, that for the test *Trademark ~.3~4;~
- ~5 -according to fig. 12 17 g/min and that for the test according to fig. 13 38 g/min.
Figs. 11 to 13 show that the higher the sealant and adhesive viscosity the greater the microwave energy to be applied for curing purposes.
Example 2.
The test according to fig. 13 of Example 1 was repeated and in addition the samP test was performed with the sole difference of using a coating thickness of 2 mm instead of 5 mm according to fig. 13.
The result of the latter test is shown in fig. 14, which makes it clear that on reducing the coating thickness from 5 mm according to fig. 13 to 2 mm according to fig. 14, a much greater microwave energy quantity must be applied to cure the sealant and adhesive.
Example 3.
The same test arrangement as in Examples 1 and 2 was used, but with different coating thicknesses and with an apparatus for applying microwave energy of the type shown in fig. 2. This apparatus had a rated output of 500 watt and operated with a microwave radiation frequency of 2.45 GHz.
The irradiation of microwave energy took place for 270 seconds and in an essentially pulse-like manner, the energy supply being controlled in such a way that the sealant and adhesive had cured following the test period of 270 seconds.
As can be gathered from figs. 15 and 16, initially a relatively high pulse was supplied and then after an interval of approximately 50 seconds a first pulse group was applied, whose first pulse had a smaller amplitude and contained a smaller energy quantity than the first applied pulse and whose pulses having identical pulse widths have gradually decreasing amplitudes. Following a ~3Q~

longer interval used in the test according to fig. 16 for the continuous supply of a relatively small energy quantity, a second pulse group was applied, whose pulses had a smaller magnitude and a greater spacing from one another than the pulses of the first pulse group and whose pulse amplitudes gradually decreased.
In the test according to fig. 15, the sealant and adhesive was used with a coating th:ickness of 4 to 5 mm, whilst in the test according to fig. 16 it had a coating thickness of 2 to 3 mm and it is clear that a higher energy quantity had to be applied for the smaller coating thickness.
Example 4.
A test arrangement according to that of fig. 15 was used with a sealant and adhesive coating thickness of 5 mm and using a pulse-like irradiation with microwave energy using an apparatus according to fig. 2 for a period of 60 seconds, in order to completely cure the sealant and adhesive.
The microwave energy to be applied in this case can be gathered from the graph according to fig. 17.

Claims (7)

1. A process for glazing motor vehicles, the steps comprising: applying a sealant and adhesive composition to either a vehicle frame having one or more metal elements or to a window, inserting the window into the frame adjacent to the metal element, applying microwave energy from a radiational element located to one side of the window opposite the metal element, to at least a portion of the composition in a pulse-like manner so that overheating of the portion of the composition to which the microwaves are applied is avoided, so as to heat and initiate curing of at least a portion of the composition, thereby securing the window to the frame wherein the pulse like manner is that a first group of microwaves is applied during an initial period, followed by an interval period during which continuous microwave energy is applied, and subsequently at least one additional group of microwaves is applied during at least one additional period.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the first group of microwaves has an initial amplitude, and each additional group of microwaves has an amplitude less than the initial amplitude.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the period during which each additional group of microwaves is applied has the same length.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the metal element is preheated in the vicinity of the sealant and adhesive composition.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the metal element is heated to a temperature of about 75 to 100°C.
6. The process of claim 4 wherein the metal element is heated to a temperature of about 80 to 95°C.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein the sealant and adhesive composition is slow curing and microwave energy is applied to the composition before the window is inserted into the frame.
CA000569178A 1987-06-12 1988-06-10 Process for the at least partial hardening of sealants and adhesives using pulsed microwave energy Expired - Fee Related CA1304210C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3719601.4 1987-06-12
DE3719601 1987-06-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1304210C true CA1304210C (en) 1992-06-30

Family

ID=6329539

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000569178A Expired - Fee Related CA1304210C (en) 1987-06-12 1988-06-10 Process for the at least partial hardening of sealants and adhesives using pulsed microwave energy

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5064494A (en)
EP (1) EP0318542B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01503546A (en)
AT (1) ATE89212T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1304210C (en)
DE (1) DE3880976D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2010290A6 (en)
WO (1) WO1988009712A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (53)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3800448A1 (en) * 1988-01-09 1989-07-20 Ribnitz Peter METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS COATING OF WORKPIECES
DE3842656A1 (en) * 1988-12-19 1990-06-21 Wrede Duropal Werk Process for the production of cured, mechanically reworkable polyurethane mouldings
FR2648088B1 (en) * 1989-06-09 1994-05-20 Boussois Sa CORD GLAZING IN HOT-MELT MATERIAL SUITABLE FOR ADHESION BY INDUCTION HEATING
US5487853A (en) * 1990-07-12 1996-01-30 The C. A. Lawton Company Energetic stitching for complex preforms
US5272216A (en) * 1990-12-28 1993-12-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp. System and method for remotely heating a polymeric material to a selected temperature
JPH05217121A (en) * 1991-11-22 1993-08-27 Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> Method and apparatus for coupling of thermo- sensitive element such as chip provided with magnetic converter, etc.
US5443673A (en) * 1992-06-12 1995-08-22 Donnelly Corporation Vehicular panel assembly and method for making same
US5331784A (en) * 1992-06-12 1994-07-26 Agrawal Raj K Vehicular panel assembly and method for making same
WO1994000504A1 (en) * 1992-06-26 1994-01-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Polyurethane/polyurea elastomers
US5250651A (en) * 1992-10-30 1993-10-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Crosslinked polyether polyol sealant
US5698059A (en) * 1992-11-10 1997-12-16 Alliedsignal Inc. Filter and method for manufacturing filters
FR2699165B1 (en) 1992-12-16 1995-01-20 Ceca Sa Glass-to-metal bonding process using pre-gelable adhesive and irradiation device to obtain pre-gelation.
US5551197A (en) 1993-09-30 1996-09-03 Donnelly Corporation Flush-mounted articulated/hinged window assembly
US5864996A (en) * 1994-02-24 1999-02-02 Donnelly Corporation Gasketed panel
US5635281A (en) * 1994-08-12 1997-06-03 Donnelly Corporation Glazing using a melt-processible gasket material
AT410272B (en) * 1994-08-12 2003-03-25 M T T Maschinen Technik Thaler HEATING DEVICE WITH A MICROWAVE GENERATOR
US7838115B2 (en) 1995-04-11 2010-11-23 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Method for manufacturing an articulatable vehicular window assembly
US5667896A (en) 1995-04-11 1997-09-16 Donnelly Corporation Vehicle window assembly for mounting interior vehicle accessories
US5853895A (en) * 1995-04-11 1998-12-29 Donnelly Corporation Bonded vehicular glass assemblies utilizing two-component urethanes, and related methods of bonding
US5648785A (en) * 1995-05-22 1997-07-15 General Motors Corporation Vehicle window with antenna connection apparatus
US6026881A (en) * 1997-08-13 2000-02-22 Lord Corporation Apparatus for monitoring bonding
US6284360B1 (en) 1997-09-30 2001-09-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Sealant composition, article including same, and method of using same
US6811633B1 (en) * 1997-12-23 2004-11-02 Torque-Traction Technologies, Inc. Method for balancing a vehicle driveshaft
US6203639B1 (en) * 1998-02-17 2001-03-20 Donnelly Corporation Vehicle assembly line-side heat activation of a “ready-to-install” window fixing adhesive for attachment of a vehicle window to a vehicle
US6054001A (en) * 1998-02-17 2000-04-25 Donnelly Corporation Vehicle assembly line-side heat activation of a "ready-to-install" window fixing adhesive for attachment of a vehicle window to a vehicle
US5948194A (en) * 1998-06-12 1999-09-07 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. In-line microwave heating of adhesives
US6147149A (en) * 1999-03-03 2000-11-14 Glouster Co., Inc. Adhesive caulking material which can mimic the appearance of a multicolored stone surface
US6316099B1 (en) 1999-03-31 2001-11-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Multi-layered sealant
EP1041130A3 (en) * 1999-04-01 2000-12-13 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Method for sealing a flange fold
DE19924138A1 (en) 1999-05-26 2000-11-30 Henkel Kgaa Detachable adhesive connections
US7371300B2 (en) * 1999-06-02 2008-05-13 De-Bonding Limited Adhesive composition comprising thermoexpandable microcapsules
GB9912694D0 (en) * 1999-06-02 1999-08-04 Bain Peter S Adhesive
DE19951599A1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2001-05-23 Henkel Kgaa Process for adhesive separation of adhesive bonds
GB0001657D0 (en) * 2000-01-25 2000-03-15 Carglass Luxembourg Sarl Bonding of glazing panels
JP3723927B2 (en) * 2000-07-11 2005-12-07 日本ライナー株式会社 Method for curing epoxy resin in a short time and electromagnetic wave absorption method using cured epoxy resin obtained by the curing method
DE10037884A1 (en) 2000-08-03 2002-02-21 Henkel Kgaa Accelerated curing process
DE10141674A1 (en) * 2000-09-01 2002-03-14 Henkel Kgaa Reactive adhesive, e.g. for lamination, comprises resin, hardener, additives and micro-capsules containing crystalline nanoparticles with ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, superparamagnetic or piezoelectric properties
US6797104B1 (en) * 2000-09-26 2004-09-28 Gordon Wayne Dyer Optical composite and method of making same
GB2371590B (en) * 2001-01-25 2004-12-15 Carglass Luxembourg Sarl Zug Curing of adhesive materials particularly for glazing applications
JP3837331B2 (en) * 2001-12-28 2006-10-25 本田技研工業株式会社 Car body coating film forming method and sealant drying apparatus
US6793120B2 (en) 2002-01-17 2004-09-21 Donnelly Corporation Apparatus and method for mounting an electrical connector to a glass sheet of a vehicle window
US20060078741A1 (en) * 2004-10-12 2006-04-13 Ramalingam Balasubramaniam Jr Laminating adhesives containing microencapsulated catalysts
DE102005017912A1 (en) * 2005-04-18 2006-10-19 Henkel Kgaa Low temperature hardening of 1-component polyurethane adhesives or sealants for bonding plastics especially in headlamp manufacture involves exposure to microwave irradiation
US8217133B2 (en) 2006-03-08 2012-07-10 Chemtura Corporation Storage stable one component polyurethane system
DE102006025769A1 (en) 2006-05-31 2007-12-06 Henkel Kgaa Adhesive / sealant composition with double cure mechanism
DE102011101357A1 (en) 2011-05-12 2012-11-15 Audi Ag Method for operating a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive
US20130218534A1 (en) * 2012-02-16 2013-08-22 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Adhesive cure monitor
US9561621B2 (en) * 2012-05-21 2017-02-07 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method and apparatus to mitigate the bond-line read-out defect in adhesive-bonded composite panels
ITFI20130154A1 (en) 2013-06-28 2014-12-29 Raoul Cangemi ILLUMINATING MICROWAVE STOVE WITH ENERGY RECOVERY
WO2016157230A1 (en) 2015-03-27 2016-10-06 SARTONI, Stefano Heating and illuminating device with energy recovery
CN106965471A (en) * 2015-12-17 2017-07-21 三晃股份有限公司 Microwave formed shoe and its manufacture method
EP3529133B1 (en) * 2016-10-19 2021-06-23 Magna Exteriors Inc. Variable ratio adhesive application
CN114802546A (en) * 2022-05-06 2022-07-29 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 Method for mounting laminated glass

Family Cites Families (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1085625B (en) * 1958-02-27 1960-07-21 Mikrowellen Ges M B H Deutsche Microwave emitter, preferably for edge banding
DE1286485B (en) * 1965-07-23 1969-01-09 Krupp Gmbh Device for thermal crushing of rock and ore in an electromagnetic radiation field
US3388945A (en) * 1965-08-23 1968-06-18 Gen Motors Corp Dielectric bonding of convertible top deck material to glass
GB1212365A (en) * 1966-12-10 1970-11-18 Sanyo Electric Co A microwave heating apparatus
FR2041873A5 (en) * 1969-04-16 1971-02-05 Sachsische Glasfaser Ind Microwave heating and calibration of plastic - profiles or tubes
US3601448A (en) * 1969-04-21 1971-08-24 Gas Dev Corp Method for fracturing concrete and other materials with microwave energy
US3879241A (en) * 1970-09-12 1975-04-22 Usm Corp Method for installing a window in a vehicle body
JPS4825526A (en) * 1971-08-02 1973-04-03
US3867606A (en) * 1973-10-15 1975-02-18 Raytheon Co Microwave heating apparatus for rotatable articles
US4083901A (en) * 1975-08-29 1978-04-11 The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company Method for curing polyurethanes
US4114011A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-09-12 Thermatron, Inc. Microwave heating method and apparatus
GB1546011A (en) * 1976-07-14 1979-05-16 Essex Chemical Corp Direct glazing method for installing windshields and backlights on automobile bodies on an assembly line
US4157464A (en) * 1977-08-19 1979-06-05 Raytheon Company Microwave heating system
DE2838447C2 (en) * 1978-09-04 1983-11-03 Basf Farben + Fasern Ag, 2000 Hamburg Method for inserting a disc or the like. with silicone material
US4511778A (en) * 1980-12-11 1985-04-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image fixing device utilizing a high frequency wave
FR2500707A1 (en) * 1981-02-20 1982-08-27 Electricite De France Microwave material processor with detachable radiating elements - uses waveguide coupler with coaxial tappings along its length to permit fitting of different radiating elements
DE3124138C2 (en) * 1981-06-19 1986-11-20 VEGLA Vereinigte Glaswerke GmbH, 5100 Aachen Method for installing and removing a pane of glass which can be glued into the frame of a vehicle body, and a pane of glass for carrying out the method
US4434345A (en) * 1982-07-29 1984-02-28 Muscatell Ralph P Microwave system for frost protection of fruit trees
US4499036A (en) * 1982-09-20 1985-02-12 W. R. Grace & Co. Microwave curing of latex-based compositions
DK312884A (en) * 1984-06-27 1985-12-28 Joergen Bach Andersen APPLICATOR
US4626642A (en) * 1985-10-08 1986-12-02 General Motors Corporation Microwave method of curing a thermoset polymer
DE3886302D1 (en) * 1987-02-20 1994-01-27 Teroson Gmbh Process for the production of a heat and moisture curing one-component polyurethane sealant and adhesive.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1988009712A1 (en) 1988-12-15
DE3880976D1 (en) 1993-06-17
EP0318542A1 (en) 1989-06-07
EP0318542B1 (en) 1993-05-12
US5064494A (en) 1991-11-12
JPH01503546A (en) 1989-11-30
ES2010290A6 (en) 1989-11-01
ATE89212T1 (en) 1993-05-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA1304210C (en) Process for the at least partial hardening of sealants and adhesives using pulsed microwave energy
US6926949B1 (en) Heat-activatable modular structural member, its use and process for the direct glazing of vehicles and adhesive therefor
US4950715A (en) Sealants and adhesives and the use thereof
US4423191A (en) High frequency electric field curing of polymeric composites
US5707473A (en) Method for making a panel assembly
US6001204A (en) Heat activatable modular structural member, its use and process for the direct glazing of vehicles and adhesive therefor
US4555607A (en) Process for installation and removal of glass pane from a frame
US4414257A (en) Elevator panel
US6312548B1 (en) Conductive insert for bonding components with microwave energy
KR920004871B1 (en) Window glass for motor vehicles and a method for the manufacture thereof
CN102712237B (en) Accessory product and manufacture and the method in conjunction with accessory product
EP0440410B1 (en) Method for joining FRP material with vulcanized rubber
JP2000506191A (en) Improved adhesion of ACSM and CSM to RFL treated polyester cord
US3971688A (en) Method of making an elongate, transversely reinforced metal sheet
KR20010022461A (en) Method for fastening a flat strip lamella to the surface of a building component
WO1995002621A1 (en) Glass module and a method for mounting windows
JP2003206672A (en) Glass holder, coupling component, adhesion method, and method for molding hot-melt resin
EP1250240B1 (en) Bonding of glazing panels
KR100505891B1 (en) Glass holder and their adhesive method and forming method of hotmelt
DE4027170C2 (en) Exterior rear-view mirror for a motor vehicle
JPH05178081A (en) Manufacture of glass window pane with resin frame body
CN116264167A (en) Method for manufacturing semiconductor device module by using reactive tape and semiconductor device module
EP1084888A1 (en) Method for bonding of a panel to a vehicle body
JPS5976220A (en) Bonding method for synthetic resin panel for automobile
JPH0355288B2 (en)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MKLA Lapsed