CA1300580C - Sme actuator - Google Patents
Sme actuatorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1300580C CA1300580C CA000567852A CA567852A CA1300580C CA 1300580 C CA1300580 C CA 1300580C CA 000567852 A CA000567852 A CA 000567852A CA 567852 A CA567852 A CA 567852A CA 1300580 C CA1300580 C CA 1300580C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sme
- plunger
- disc
- washers
- plunger means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
- F03G7/065—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like using a shape memory element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
- F03G7/061—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element
- F03G7/0614—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element using shape memory elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/025—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic actuated by thermo-electric means
Abstract
Abstract An SME actuator is provided by a housing, a plunger axially reciprocal in the housing; a compression spring or Belleville washers biasing the plunger in one direction, SME
(shape memory effect) disc washers around the plunger and thermally deformable to move the plunger in the opposite direction, and a concentric electrical resistance heater and/or fluid inlet and outlet ports for thermally actuating the SME disc washers to in turn move the plunger. Multi-position control is provided by a stack of a plurality of SME
Belleville disc washers of differing transition temperatures.
Alternatively, the washers can all have the same transition temperature and operate proportionally with increasing or decreasing temperatures. Another version is provided by an SME torsion bar and threaded drive element for axially translating the plunger.
(shape memory effect) disc washers around the plunger and thermally deformable to move the plunger in the opposite direction, and a concentric electrical resistance heater and/or fluid inlet and outlet ports for thermally actuating the SME disc washers to in turn move the plunger. Multi-position control is provided by a stack of a plurality of SME
Belleville disc washers of differing transition temperatures.
Alternatively, the washers can all have the same transition temperature and operate proportionally with increasing or decreasing temperatures. Another version is provided by an SME torsion bar and threaded drive element for axially translating the plunger.
Description
~3()~:)5~3~
SME ACTUATOR
The invention relates to SME, shape memory effect, actuator mechanisms.
SME alloys are known in the art and exhibit a given 5 mechanical movement to a thermally deformed position in response to heating above a transition temperature. Upon cooling below the transition ~emperature, or below a hysteresis temperature with respect thereto, the SME element returns or is biased to return to its original position of repose. For further background regarding 10 SME materials and actuating mechanisms, reference is made to Buehler et al U.S. Patent 3,174,851, Buehler et al U.S. Patent 3,403,238, Willson et al U.SO Patent 3,613,732, Todoroki et al U.S. Patent 4,531,988 and Ohkata U.S. Patent 4,570,852, and to Watanabe Japanese Patent Document 0077180 and Nishibori Japanese 15 Patent Document 0146982.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention there is provided an actuator comprising: housing means; plunger means reciprocally movable in said housing means; SME, shape memory effect, disc washer means around said plunger means and 20 thermally deformable to move said plunger means along a travel stroke in a given direction, said SME disc washer means comprising a stack of a plurality of SME disc washers through which said plunger extends; at least one non-SM~ Belleville washer in said stack biasing said plunger means in a direction aiding said 25 thermal deformation of said SME means in said given direction and providing bias and resiliency at the end of the travel stroke of said plunger means upon thermal deformation of said SME disc washers.
Brief Descri~tion of the Drawinqs FIG. 1 is a sectional s~de view of an SME actuator constructed in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a portion of FIG. 1 showing an actuated condition.
FIG. 3 shows an alternate embodiment of a portion of 35 FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 shows another alternate embodiment of an SME
actuator in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 5 shows another alternate embodiment of an SME
actuator in accordance with the invention.
Detailed Descri~tion There is shown in FIG. 1 a valve 2 having an opening 4 engageable by valve plug 6 to terminate fluid flow from inlet 8 to outlet lO. Valve plug 6 is threadingly mounted to the bottom end of a plunyer 12 which is axially vertically reciprocal in upstanding portion 14 of the housing. Compression spring 16 biases plunger 12 upwardly to the open condition of valve 2. A plurality of SME, shape memory effect, disc washers la thermally deform, by direct or indirect heating, FIG. 2, to move plunger 12 downwardly and close valve plug 6 by seating it in opening 4. SME
disc washers l8 are of conventional SME alloy material available for example from Beta Phase Company, 1060 Marsh Road, Menlo Park, California 94025. At least one non-SME Belleville washer 20 is included in the stac~
and provides resiliency at the end`of the travel stroke of the plunger upon thermal deformation of the SME disc washers.
Plunger 12 has a radially enlarged flange 22. Biasing spring 16 bears at its upper end against the underside of flange 22l and bears at its lower end against a stop washer 24 seated against shoulder 26 in the housing. The plunger includes a lower rod 28 of smaller diameter than flange 22 and threadingly connected to flange 22 and extending downwardly from flange 22 through stop washer 24. ~iasing spring 16 is concentric to rod 28. The plunger also inoludes an upper rod 30 of smaller diameter than flange 22 and extending integrally upwardly from flange 22 through SME disc washers 18 and into an axial vertical guide bore 32 in top cap 34. Cap 34 is thread mounted to housing portion 14 to close the upper end thereof.
1~
~3~5~3~
An electrical resistance heater is provided by an annular coil 36 concentric to SME stack 18 and having a pair of terminal wires 38 extending externally of the housing through aperture 40, sealed by epoxy 41, and in circuit with voltage source 42 and switch 44.
Upon closure of switch 44,~current from voltage source 42 flows through heater coil 36 whi~:h heats SME stack 18 such that the latter thermally deforms to the condition shown in FIG. 2. The close proximity of the heater coil to the SME stack provides thermal coupling therebetween.
Valve plug 6 may be actuated solely by the heat of resistance heater coil 36, or in combination with heating or cooling provided by the flu~d from inlet 8. In the preferred embodiment, the SME stack i~
heated to a given temperat~re by fluid from inlet 8, and the SME stack is further heated by resistance coil heater 36 to a temperature above transition temperature, to actuate the valve, FIG. 2. Plunger 28, flange 22 and plunger 30 are heat conductivo members and conduct heat from the fluid to the SME stack. Stop washer 24 is also a heat conductive member and/or may be provided with apertures through which the fluid may flow to directly contact the SME stack. In other embodiments, hot or cold fluids from inlet 8 may enhance or degrade heating of the SME stack and/or require less or more electrical current flow through heater coil 36 and/or faster or slower heating times.
Spring 16 returns plunger 30 upwardly upon repose of the SME stack.
FIG. 3 shows an alternate embodiment of the actuator of FI~. l and uses like reference numerals with the postscript "a" where appropriate to facilitate clarity. Plunger 12a is axially vertically reciprocal in housing portion 14a. Compression spring 16a bears ~; .
lL3~ 30 be~ween stop washer 24a and flange 22a to bias the plunger upwardly. SME stack 18a be~rs against the top surface of flange 22a to drive the plunger downwardly upon thermal deformation of the SME stack. SME stack 18a bears at its upper end against the undersurface of cap 34a which is thread mounted to housing portion 14a. SME stack 18a is concen~ric to heater coil 3Ga which in turn is concentric to upper rod 30a of the plunger. The terminal wires 38a of the heater coil extend upwardly through an opening 40a in upper cap 34a and are sealed by epoxy 4la.
FIG. 4 shows another alternate embodiment.
Plunger 50 is axially vertically reciprocal in housing 52. Plunger 50 includes a radially enlarged central flange S4, and a reduced di~ameter upper rod 56 extending upwardly from the flange, and a reduced diameter lower rod 58 extending downwardly from the flange. A plurality of Belleville washers 60 are concentric to upper rod 56 and bear between the top wall 62 of the housing and the upper surface of flange 54 to bias plunger 50 downwardly. A plurality of SME
disc washers 64 are concentric to lower rod 58 and bear between the bottom housing wall 66 and flange 54 to move plunger 50 upwardly upon thermal deformation oÇ
the SME stack. Plunger 50 has actuated and non-actuated positions according to thermal deformation and repose of SME disc washers 64. Non-SME 8elleville washers may be included in the stack to provide resiliency at the end of the travel stroke of the plunger upon thermal deformation of the SME disc washers. Upper rod 56 includes an internally threaded bore 68 for connection to a work-performing element.
Lower rod 58 includes a heat conductor rod 70 therein. SME disc washers 64 are concentric to plunger rod 58 and to the upper portion 70a of heat conductor ., ~3~ 5~
rod 70. An annular heater coil 72 is concentric to the lower portion 70b of rod 70 axially spaced below upper portion 70a. 8Ottom wall 66 of the housing has an opening 74 through which rods 58 and 70 extend. Upper rod portion 70a of the rod and SME disc washers 64 are internal to the housing. In the non-actuated position of the plunger as shown in FIG. 4, lower rod portion 70b and heater 72 are external to the housing. In the actua~ed position of the plunger, heater 72 and lower rod portion 70b move axially vertically upwardly through opening 74 and at least partially into the housing. Upper wall 62 of the housing has an opening 76 through which upper plunger rod 56 moves.
Housing 52 has a circumferential side wall 78 extending axially between the end walls and defining an internal cavity. A seal is provided by an annular bellows gasket 80 between flange 54 and the inner surface of side wall 78 such that axial vertical movement of flange 54 in the cavity defines a first variable volume chamber 82 containing SME disc washers 64 and sealed rom a second inversely variable volume chamber 84 containing Belleville washers 60. Inlet and outlet ports 86 and 88 are provided through the housing walls for communicating fluid into and out of chamber 82 and~providing direct fluid contact with SME disc washers 64. Fluid contact, and inlet 86 and outlet 88, are optional. Heat from heater coil 72 is conducted by rods 70 and 58 to heat SME disc washers 64 to thermally deform same. As an alternative to heat conductor rod 70, plunger rod 58 is itself a highly heat conductive member.
- The SME Belleville disc washers may be directly heated with a low voltage source, in which case the bearing surfaces 31b and 31c, FIG. 1, 31d and 31e, FIG. 3, and 71a and 71b, FIG. 4, should ba ~T
~3~580 electrically nonconductive. The electrical resistance of the SME stack may be increased by addin~
electrically resistive 1washers or discs in series with the stack. Adding such elements within the stack may also be used to affect the force and stroke.
Multi-position control is provided by selecting SME Belleville disc washers with different transistion temperatures. In one embodiment in FIG. 2, parallel SME disc washers l9a and l9c each have a transition temperature Tl and orm a firct sub~et and are slanted in the same direction relative to plunger 30 therethrough. Parallel SME disc washers l9b and 19d have a transition temperature T2 and fonm a second subset, and are slanted oppositely to washer~ l9a and l9c. In this manner, the T~ disc washerc are interleaved with and slant oppositely from the T1 disc washers. The Tl disc washers are spaced and separated by a T2 disc washers therebetween. Temperature T2 is higher than temperature Tl, and the different transition temperatures provide multi-step multi-position movement of plunger 30. At temperatures below T1, plunger 3a and valve plug 6 are in the raised fully open condition. At temperatures between Tl and T2, the Tl disc washers l9a and l9c thermally deform, but not the T2 disc washers 19b and l9d, and plunger 30 and valve plug 6 are in a partially lowered partially open condition. At temperatures above T2, both the Tl disc washers 19a and 19c and the T2 disc washers l9b and 19d thermally deform, and plunger 30 and valve plug 6 are in the lower closed position. Additional SME disc washers can be included in each subset to lengthen the travel stroke of the plunger. Adding further subsets of SME disc washers of further differing transition temperatures adds further intermediate steps in the positioning of valve plug 6 along its vertical travel 5E~O
stroke~ and provide a more smoothly continuous travel stroke~ a 5 desired-In another embodiment in FIG. 2~ disc washer5 l9a and 19b have a transition temperature Tl and form a first subset, and are contiguous to each other and slant in opposite directions- Di~c washers l9c and l9d have a higher transition temperature T2 and fonm a second subset, and are contiguous to each other and slant in opposite directions. At temperatures below Tl, valve plug 6 is fully open. At temperatures between Tl and T2, the first subset l9a and l9b thermally deforms to partially lower valve plug 6 to an intermediate position. At temperature~ above T2, the sacond subset provided by disc washers l9c and l9d also thermally deforms to fully lower valve plug 6 to its closed position. Adding further subsets of disc washers of further differing transition temperatures provides further steps in the vertical trave~ stroke of valve plug 6.
In another embodiment, the SME disc washers all have the same transition temperature and operate proportionally with increasing or decreasing temperatures, to provide the above noted multi-position control.
FIG. 5 shows another alternate embodiment.
Housing 90 has an intermediate cap 92 thread mounted thereto. Intermediate cap 92 has a top cap 94 thread mounted thereto. An SME torsion bar 96 has an upper portion 98 of a given keyed configuration, such as a square or a hex, nonrotatably held in a like keyed configured bore 100 of housing cap 94. SME torsion bar 96 has a lower end 102 of a given keyed configuration nonrotatably received in a drive element 104 having a like keyed configuration inner bore 106. Housing cap 92 has an inner threaded bore 108. Drive element 104 ~3~513~
is externally threaded, and is matingly received in threaded bore 108. An annular heater coil 110 is concentric to SME torsi,on bar 96. Upon heating, SME
torsion bar 96 torsionally rotates threaded drive element 104 which in turn axially translates plunger 112 downwardly. Plunger 112 has a radially enlarged flange 114 and a reduced diameter lower rod 116 extending downwardly from the flange. Compression spring 118 is concentric to rod 116 and biases plunger 112 upwardly. Spring 118 bears at its upper end against the underside of flange 114 and at its lower end against a stop washer 120. Rod 116 extends th'rough washer 120. Axially extending internally threaded passage 108 has an axial end face 122 defining an annular collar. The central portion 124 of the upper surface of flange 114 is axially aligned with and engaged by drive element 104. The radially outer portion 126 of the flange is axially aligned with annular collar 122 and engages the collar in the non-actuated position of the plunger.
It is recognized that various equivalents, alternatives and modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims.
SME ACTUATOR
The invention relates to SME, shape memory effect, actuator mechanisms.
SME alloys are known in the art and exhibit a given 5 mechanical movement to a thermally deformed position in response to heating above a transition temperature. Upon cooling below the transition ~emperature, or below a hysteresis temperature with respect thereto, the SME element returns or is biased to return to its original position of repose. For further background regarding 10 SME materials and actuating mechanisms, reference is made to Buehler et al U.S. Patent 3,174,851, Buehler et al U.S. Patent 3,403,238, Willson et al U.SO Patent 3,613,732, Todoroki et al U.S. Patent 4,531,988 and Ohkata U.S. Patent 4,570,852, and to Watanabe Japanese Patent Document 0077180 and Nishibori Japanese 15 Patent Document 0146982.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention there is provided an actuator comprising: housing means; plunger means reciprocally movable in said housing means; SME, shape memory effect, disc washer means around said plunger means and 20 thermally deformable to move said plunger means along a travel stroke in a given direction, said SME disc washer means comprising a stack of a plurality of SME disc washers through which said plunger extends; at least one non-SM~ Belleville washer in said stack biasing said plunger means in a direction aiding said 25 thermal deformation of said SME means in said given direction and providing bias and resiliency at the end of the travel stroke of said plunger means upon thermal deformation of said SME disc washers.
Brief Descri~tion of the Drawinqs FIG. 1 is a sectional s~de view of an SME actuator constructed in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a portion of FIG. 1 showing an actuated condition.
FIG. 3 shows an alternate embodiment of a portion of 35 FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 shows another alternate embodiment of an SME
actuator in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 5 shows another alternate embodiment of an SME
actuator in accordance with the invention.
Detailed Descri~tion There is shown in FIG. 1 a valve 2 having an opening 4 engageable by valve plug 6 to terminate fluid flow from inlet 8 to outlet lO. Valve plug 6 is threadingly mounted to the bottom end of a plunyer 12 which is axially vertically reciprocal in upstanding portion 14 of the housing. Compression spring 16 biases plunger 12 upwardly to the open condition of valve 2. A plurality of SME, shape memory effect, disc washers la thermally deform, by direct or indirect heating, FIG. 2, to move plunger 12 downwardly and close valve plug 6 by seating it in opening 4. SME
disc washers l8 are of conventional SME alloy material available for example from Beta Phase Company, 1060 Marsh Road, Menlo Park, California 94025. At least one non-SME Belleville washer 20 is included in the stac~
and provides resiliency at the end`of the travel stroke of the plunger upon thermal deformation of the SME disc washers.
Plunger 12 has a radially enlarged flange 22. Biasing spring 16 bears at its upper end against the underside of flange 22l and bears at its lower end against a stop washer 24 seated against shoulder 26 in the housing. The plunger includes a lower rod 28 of smaller diameter than flange 22 and threadingly connected to flange 22 and extending downwardly from flange 22 through stop washer 24. ~iasing spring 16 is concentric to rod 28. The plunger also inoludes an upper rod 30 of smaller diameter than flange 22 and extending integrally upwardly from flange 22 through SME disc washers 18 and into an axial vertical guide bore 32 in top cap 34. Cap 34 is thread mounted to housing portion 14 to close the upper end thereof.
1~
~3~5~3~
An electrical resistance heater is provided by an annular coil 36 concentric to SME stack 18 and having a pair of terminal wires 38 extending externally of the housing through aperture 40, sealed by epoxy 41, and in circuit with voltage source 42 and switch 44.
Upon closure of switch 44,~current from voltage source 42 flows through heater coil 36 whi~:h heats SME stack 18 such that the latter thermally deforms to the condition shown in FIG. 2. The close proximity of the heater coil to the SME stack provides thermal coupling therebetween.
Valve plug 6 may be actuated solely by the heat of resistance heater coil 36, or in combination with heating or cooling provided by the flu~d from inlet 8. In the preferred embodiment, the SME stack i~
heated to a given temperat~re by fluid from inlet 8, and the SME stack is further heated by resistance coil heater 36 to a temperature above transition temperature, to actuate the valve, FIG. 2. Plunger 28, flange 22 and plunger 30 are heat conductivo members and conduct heat from the fluid to the SME stack. Stop washer 24 is also a heat conductive member and/or may be provided with apertures through which the fluid may flow to directly contact the SME stack. In other embodiments, hot or cold fluids from inlet 8 may enhance or degrade heating of the SME stack and/or require less or more electrical current flow through heater coil 36 and/or faster or slower heating times.
Spring 16 returns plunger 30 upwardly upon repose of the SME stack.
FIG. 3 shows an alternate embodiment of the actuator of FI~. l and uses like reference numerals with the postscript "a" where appropriate to facilitate clarity. Plunger 12a is axially vertically reciprocal in housing portion 14a. Compression spring 16a bears ~; .
lL3~ 30 be~ween stop washer 24a and flange 22a to bias the plunger upwardly. SME stack 18a be~rs against the top surface of flange 22a to drive the plunger downwardly upon thermal deformation of the SME stack. SME stack 18a bears at its upper end against the undersurface of cap 34a which is thread mounted to housing portion 14a. SME stack 18a is concen~ric to heater coil 3Ga which in turn is concentric to upper rod 30a of the plunger. The terminal wires 38a of the heater coil extend upwardly through an opening 40a in upper cap 34a and are sealed by epoxy 4la.
FIG. 4 shows another alternate embodiment.
Plunger 50 is axially vertically reciprocal in housing 52. Plunger 50 includes a radially enlarged central flange S4, and a reduced di~ameter upper rod 56 extending upwardly from the flange, and a reduced diameter lower rod 58 extending downwardly from the flange. A plurality of Belleville washers 60 are concentric to upper rod 56 and bear between the top wall 62 of the housing and the upper surface of flange 54 to bias plunger 50 downwardly. A plurality of SME
disc washers 64 are concentric to lower rod 58 and bear between the bottom housing wall 66 and flange 54 to move plunger 50 upwardly upon thermal deformation oÇ
the SME stack. Plunger 50 has actuated and non-actuated positions according to thermal deformation and repose of SME disc washers 64. Non-SME 8elleville washers may be included in the stack to provide resiliency at the end of the travel stroke of the plunger upon thermal deformation of the SME disc washers. Upper rod 56 includes an internally threaded bore 68 for connection to a work-performing element.
Lower rod 58 includes a heat conductor rod 70 therein. SME disc washers 64 are concentric to plunger rod 58 and to the upper portion 70a of heat conductor ., ~3~ 5~
rod 70. An annular heater coil 72 is concentric to the lower portion 70b of rod 70 axially spaced below upper portion 70a. 8Ottom wall 66 of the housing has an opening 74 through which rods 58 and 70 extend. Upper rod portion 70a of the rod and SME disc washers 64 are internal to the housing. In the non-actuated position of the plunger as shown in FIG. 4, lower rod portion 70b and heater 72 are external to the housing. In the actua~ed position of the plunger, heater 72 and lower rod portion 70b move axially vertically upwardly through opening 74 and at least partially into the housing. Upper wall 62 of the housing has an opening 76 through which upper plunger rod 56 moves.
Housing 52 has a circumferential side wall 78 extending axially between the end walls and defining an internal cavity. A seal is provided by an annular bellows gasket 80 between flange 54 and the inner surface of side wall 78 such that axial vertical movement of flange 54 in the cavity defines a first variable volume chamber 82 containing SME disc washers 64 and sealed rom a second inversely variable volume chamber 84 containing Belleville washers 60. Inlet and outlet ports 86 and 88 are provided through the housing walls for communicating fluid into and out of chamber 82 and~providing direct fluid contact with SME disc washers 64. Fluid contact, and inlet 86 and outlet 88, are optional. Heat from heater coil 72 is conducted by rods 70 and 58 to heat SME disc washers 64 to thermally deform same. As an alternative to heat conductor rod 70, plunger rod 58 is itself a highly heat conductive member.
- The SME Belleville disc washers may be directly heated with a low voltage source, in which case the bearing surfaces 31b and 31c, FIG. 1, 31d and 31e, FIG. 3, and 71a and 71b, FIG. 4, should ba ~T
~3~580 electrically nonconductive. The electrical resistance of the SME stack may be increased by addin~
electrically resistive 1washers or discs in series with the stack. Adding such elements within the stack may also be used to affect the force and stroke.
Multi-position control is provided by selecting SME Belleville disc washers with different transistion temperatures. In one embodiment in FIG. 2, parallel SME disc washers l9a and l9c each have a transition temperature Tl and orm a firct sub~et and are slanted in the same direction relative to plunger 30 therethrough. Parallel SME disc washers l9b and 19d have a transition temperature T2 and fonm a second subset, and are slanted oppositely to washer~ l9a and l9c. In this manner, the T~ disc washerc are interleaved with and slant oppositely from the T1 disc washers. The Tl disc washers are spaced and separated by a T2 disc washers therebetween. Temperature T2 is higher than temperature Tl, and the different transition temperatures provide multi-step multi-position movement of plunger 30. At temperatures below T1, plunger 3a and valve plug 6 are in the raised fully open condition. At temperatures between Tl and T2, the Tl disc washers l9a and l9c thermally deform, but not the T2 disc washers 19b and l9d, and plunger 30 and valve plug 6 are in a partially lowered partially open condition. At temperatures above T2, both the Tl disc washers 19a and 19c and the T2 disc washers l9b and 19d thermally deform, and plunger 30 and valve plug 6 are in the lower closed position. Additional SME disc washers can be included in each subset to lengthen the travel stroke of the plunger. Adding further subsets of SME disc washers of further differing transition temperatures adds further intermediate steps in the positioning of valve plug 6 along its vertical travel 5E~O
stroke~ and provide a more smoothly continuous travel stroke~ a 5 desired-In another embodiment in FIG. 2~ disc washer5 l9a and 19b have a transition temperature Tl and form a first subset, and are contiguous to each other and slant in opposite directions- Di~c washers l9c and l9d have a higher transition temperature T2 and fonm a second subset, and are contiguous to each other and slant in opposite directions. At temperatures below Tl, valve plug 6 is fully open. At temperatures between Tl and T2, the first subset l9a and l9b thermally deforms to partially lower valve plug 6 to an intermediate position. At temperature~ above T2, the sacond subset provided by disc washers l9c and l9d also thermally deforms to fully lower valve plug 6 to its closed position. Adding further subsets of disc washers of further differing transition temperatures provides further steps in the vertical trave~ stroke of valve plug 6.
In another embodiment, the SME disc washers all have the same transition temperature and operate proportionally with increasing or decreasing temperatures, to provide the above noted multi-position control.
FIG. 5 shows another alternate embodiment.
Housing 90 has an intermediate cap 92 thread mounted thereto. Intermediate cap 92 has a top cap 94 thread mounted thereto. An SME torsion bar 96 has an upper portion 98 of a given keyed configuration, such as a square or a hex, nonrotatably held in a like keyed configured bore 100 of housing cap 94. SME torsion bar 96 has a lower end 102 of a given keyed configuration nonrotatably received in a drive element 104 having a like keyed configuration inner bore 106. Housing cap 92 has an inner threaded bore 108. Drive element 104 ~3~513~
is externally threaded, and is matingly received in threaded bore 108. An annular heater coil 110 is concentric to SME torsi,on bar 96. Upon heating, SME
torsion bar 96 torsionally rotates threaded drive element 104 which in turn axially translates plunger 112 downwardly. Plunger 112 has a radially enlarged flange 114 and a reduced diameter lower rod 116 extending downwardly from the flange. Compression spring 118 is concentric to rod 116 and biases plunger 112 upwardly. Spring 118 bears at its upper end against the underside of flange 114 and at its lower end against a stop washer 120. Rod 116 extends th'rough washer 120. Axially extending internally threaded passage 108 has an axial end face 122 defining an annular collar. The central portion 124 of the upper surface of flange 114 is axially aligned with and engaged by drive element 104. The radially outer portion 126 of the flange is axially aligned with annular collar 122 and engages the collar in the non-actuated position of the plunger.
It is recognized that various equivalents, alternatives and modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (19)
1. An actuator comprising:
housing means;
plunger means reciprocally movable in said housing means;
SME, shape memory effect, disc washer means around said plunger means and thermally deformable to move said plunger means along a travel stroke in a given direction, said SME
disc washer means comprising a stack of a plurality of SME
disc washers through which said plunger extends;
at least one non-SME Belleville washer in said stack biasing said plunger means in a direction aiding said thermal deformation of said SME means in said given direction and providing bias and resiliency at the end of the travel stroke of said plunger means upon thermal deformation of said SME
disc washers.
housing means;
plunger means reciprocally movable in said housing means;
SME, shape memory effect, disc washer means around said plunger means and thermally deformable to move said plunger means along a travel stroke in a given direction, said SME
disc washer means comprising a stack of a plurality of SME
disc washers through which said plunger extends;
at least one non-SME Belleville washer in said stack biasing said plunger means in a direction aiding said thermal deformation of said SME means in said given direction and providing bias and resiliency at the end of the travel stroke of said plunger means upon thermal deformation of said SME
disc washers.
2. The invention according to claim 1 comprising return biasing means biasing said plunger means in a direction opposite said given direction upon repose of said SME disc washers.
3. The invention according to claim 2 wherein said plunger means moves axially in said housing means and has a radially enlarged flange, and wherein said return biasing means bears against one side of said flange, and said SME disc washer means bears against the other side of said flange.
4. The invention according to claim 3 wherein said plunger means includes a rod of smaller diameter than said flange and extending axially from said other side of said flange.
5. The invention according to claim 4 wherein said plunger means includes a second rod of smaller diameter than said flange and extending axially from said one side of said flange, and wherein said return biasing means is concentric to said second rod.
6. The invention according to claim 1 comprising an electrical resistance heater thermally coupled to said SME
disc washer means for heating said SME disc washer means.
disc washer means for heating said SME disc washer means.
7. The invention according to claim 6 wherein said heater comprises an annular member concentric to said SME disc washer means.
8. An actuator comprising:
housing means;
plunger means reciprocally movable in said housing means;
SME, shape memory effect, disc washer means around said plunger means and thermally deformable to move said plunger means in a given direction;
means for returning said plunger means in a direction opposite said given direction upon repose of said SME disc washer means;
wherein said return means comprises biasing means biasing said plunger means in said opposite direction, and wherein:
said plunger means moves axially in said housing means and has a radially enlarged flange and first and second rods extending axially from opposites sides of said flange;
said housing means has first and second distally opposite end walls, said second end wall having an opening therein through which said second rod extends;
said biasing means is concentric to said second rod and bears between said second end wall and said flange said SME disc washer means is concentric to said first rod and bears between said first end wall and said flange.
housing means;
plunger means reciprocally movable in said housing means;
SME, shape memory effect, disc washer means around said plunger means and thermally deformable to move said plunger means in a given direction;
means for returning said plunger means in a direction opposite said given direction upon repose of said SME disc washer means;
wherein said return means comprises biasing means biasing said plunger means in said opposite direction, and wherein:
said plunger means moves axially in said housing means and has a radially enlarged flange and first and second rods extending axially from opposites sides of said flange;
said housing means has first and second distally opposite end walls, said second end wall having an opening therein through which said second rod extends;
said biasing means is concentric to said second rod and bears between said second end wall and said flange said SME disc washer means is concentric to said first rod and bears between said first end wall and said flange.
9. The invention according to claim 8 wherein said first end wall has an opening therein through which said first rod extends.
10. An actuator comprising:
housing means;
plunger means reciprocally movable in said housing means;
a stack of a plurality of SME, shape memory effect, disc washers around said plunger means and thermally deformable to move said plunger means, at least one SME disc washer in said stack having a different transition temperature than another SME disc washer in said stack to provide multi-position movement of said plunger means.
housing means;
plunger means reciprocally movable in said housing means;
a stack of a plurality of SME, shape memory effect, disc washers around said plunger means and thermally deformable to move said plunger means, at least one SME disc washer in said stack having a different transition temperature than another SME disc washer in said stack to provide multi-position movement of said plunger means.
11. The invention according to claim 10 wherein said stack includes one or more SME disc washers each having a transition temperature T1, and one or more SME disc washers each having a transition temperature T2 different than T1.
12. The invention according to claim 11 wherein T2 is higher than T1, and wherein said plunger means has a first position at temperatures less than T1, a second position at temperatures between T1 and T2, and a third position at temperatures greater than T2, said second position being between said first and third positions.
13. The invention according to claim 12 wherein said T1 disc washers are parallel and slanted relative to said plunger means therethrough, and wherein said T2 disc washers are parallel and slanted oppositely to said T1 disc washers relative to said plunger means therethrough, said T2 disc washers being interleaved with said T1 disc washers, such that a T1 disc washer is spaced from the next T1 disc washer by a T2 disc washer therebetween which slants oppositely to said T1 disc washers.
14. The invention according to claim 12 wherein said T1 disc washers are contiguous to each other and alternately slant oppositely relative to plunger means therethrough and form a first subset along plunger means, and wherein said T2 disc washers are contiguous to each other and alternately slant oppositely relative to said plunger means therethrough and form a second subset along said plunger means, such that at temperatures between T1 and T2 said first subset is thermally deformed to move said plunger means to said second position, and at temperatures above T2 both of said first and second subsets are thermally deformed to move said plunger means to said third position.
15. An actuator comprising:
housing means;
plunger means reciprocally movable in said housing means;
SME, shape memory effect, means in said housing means and thermally deformable to move said plunger means along a travel stroke in a given direction;
means biasing said plunger means in the same direction as said given direction aiding said thermal deformation of said SME means and providing bias and resiliency at the end of said travel stroke along said given direction upon said thermal deformation.
housing means;
plunger means reciprocally movable in said housing means;
SME, shape memory effect, means in said housing means and thermally deformable to move said plunger means along a travel stroke in a given direction;
means biasing said plunger means in the same direction as said given direction aiding said thermal deformation of said SME means and providing bias and resiliency at the end of said travel stroke along said given direction upon said thermal deformation.
16. The invention according to claim 15 comprising return biasing means for returning said plunger means in a direction opposite said given direction against said first mentioned biasing means upon repose of said SME means.
17. The invention according to claim 15 comprising electrical resistance heater means thermally coupled to said SME means for heating said SME means, wherein said SME means and said heater means are separate elements and are both around said plunger means.
18. The invention according to claim 15 wherein said SME
means comprises SME disc washer means.
means comprises SME disc washer means.
19. The invention according to claim 10 wherein said SME
disc washers in said stack are thermally deformable to move said plunger means along a travel stroke in a given direction, and comprising at least one non-SME Belleville washer in said stack biasing said plunger means in a direction aiding said thermal deformation of said SME disc washers in said given direction and providing bias and resiliency at the end of the travel stroke of said plunger means upon thermal deformation of said SME disc washers.
disc washers in said stack are thermally deformable to move said plunger means along a travel stroke in a given direction, and comprising at least one non-SME Belleville washer in said stack biasing said plunger means in a direction aiding said thermal deformation of said SME disc washers in said given direction and providing bias and resiliency at the end of the travel stroke of said plunger means upon thermal deformation of said SME disc washers.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US090,236 | 1987-08-27 | ||
| US07/090,236 US4836496A (en) | 1987-08-27 | 1987-08-27 | SMF actuator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1300580C true CA1300580C (en) | 1992-05-12 |
Family
ID=22221912
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000567852A Expired - Fee Related CA1300580C (en) | 1987-08-27 | 1988-05-26 | Sme actuator |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4836496A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0304944A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6474368A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR910003517B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1300580C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO883797L (en) |
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-
1987
- 1987-08-27 US US07/090,236 patent/US4836496A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-05-16 KR KR1019880005675A patent/KR910003517B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-26 CA CA000567852A patent/CA1300580C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-25 NO NO88883797A patent/NO883797L/en unknown
- 1988-08-26 EP EP88113979A patent/EP0304944A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-08-26 JP JP63210912A patent/JPS6474368A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0304944A2 (en) | 1989-03-01 |
| KR890004117A (en) | 1989-04-20 |
| US4836496A (en) | 1989-06-06 |
| NO883797L (en) | 1989-02-28 |
| NO883797D0 (en) | 1988-08-25 |
| JPS6474368A (en) | 1989-03-20 |
| EP0304944A3 (en) | 1989-12-06 |
| KR910003517B1 (en) | 1991-06-03 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |