CA1297623C - High speed cure system - Google Patents
High speed cure systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1297623C CA1297623C CA000549655A CA549655A CA1297623C CA 1297623 C CA1297623 C CA 1297623C CA 000549655 A CA000549655 A CA 000549655A CA 549655 A CA549655 A CA 549655A CA 1297623 C CA1297623 C CA 1297623C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sealant
- moisture
- isocyanate
- polyether
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1CCOCCN1CCOCC1 ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- -1 bismuth carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2,2-diethylpropanedioate Chemical compound CCC(CC)(C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008029 phthalate plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002176 Pluracol® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)CC1 RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UAIVFDJJMVMUGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CN(C)CCN1C UAIVFDJJMVMUGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGRYSBPZIYVTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(dimethylamino)propoxy]-n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCOCCCN(C)C NGRYSBPZIYVTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylmorpholine Chemical compound CCN1CCOCC1 HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVYARBLCAHCSFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCC(N)N QVYARBLCAHCSFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNOXNTGLSKTMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L diacetyloxytin Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Sn]OC(C)=O PNOXNTGLSKTMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004588 polyurethane sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000326 ultraviolet stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K3/1006—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers characterised by the chemical nature of one of its constituents
- C09K3/1021—Polyurethanes or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/16—Catalysts
- C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
- C08G18/20—Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof
- C08G18/2081—Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof containing at least two non-condensed heterocyclic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2003/1034—Materials or components characterised by specific properties
- C09K2003/1056—Moisture-curable materials
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A moisture curable sealant having good stability in the absence of moisture and a rapid cure rate in the sole presence of atmospheric moisture. The sealant comprises a polyurethane pre-polymer having an isocyanate functionality between 2.3 and 3.0 and, admixed therewith as a catalyst, from 0.2 to 1.75 percent, by weight of the sealant, of dimorpholinodiethyl ether. This sealant is capable rapid cure with the addition of water.
Although it is highly reactive in the presence of atmospheric moisture alone, it nevertheless has a good shelf stability in the absence of moisture.
A moisture curable sealant having good stability in the absence of moisture and a rapid cure rate in the sole presence of atmospheric moisture. The sealant comprises a polyurethane pre-polymer having an isocyanate functionality between 2.3 and 3.0 and, admixed therewith as a catalyst, from 0.2 to 1.75 percent, by weight of the sealant, of dimorpholinodiethyl ether. This sealant is capable rapid cure with the addition of water.
Although it is highly reactive in the presence of atmospheric moisture alone, it nevertheless has a good shelf stability in the absence of moisture.
Description
12976~3 The present invention relates to moisture curea~le sealant compositions havin~ good storage stability in the absence of moisture and rapid cure rates in the presence of moisture. More in particular, the invention relates to such qealants comprising a polyurethane prepolymer and dimorpholinodiethyl ether (DMDEE) as a catalyst therefox.
Elastomeric polyurethane polymers have heretofore been used in the art for compounding sealants or adhesives for bonding or adhering a variety of materials. Such polyurethane polymers are often prepared to have terminal isocyanate groups. On exposure to atmospheric moisture, the isocyanate groups react with water to form amino groups with the evolution of carbon dioxide. The amino groups so formed further react with available isocyanate groups to form urea linkages, thus effecting a cure of the polymer in the sealant and binding the materials to be adhered. One important use of polyurethane sealants is in the automotive industry for adhering automotive parts made of glass, such as windshields, rear windows, and the like, to a metal chassis.
Curing of the ~esulting polymer by moisture is often accelerated with catalysts. These materials include metal salts, such as tin and bismuth carboxylates, organosilicon titanates, alkyltitanates, numerous amine compounds, and the like.
However, the rapidity with which such catalyzed compositions cure in the presence of atmospheric moisture is often insufficient to meet industrial re~uirements such as . - .
`` 1Z9~623 those prevailing on automotive assembly lines. Accordingly, it is now common practice to enhance the cure rate by combining the sealant with water just prior to application to surfaces to be adhered. The polymer/water mixture starts to crosslink and cure immediately. Thus, a typical atmospheric cure at room temperature requires at least about three days for formation of an adhesive seal and about seven days for a cure to full strength, but can be accelerated by the addition of water to a cure sufficient for adhesion in a few hours, for example about six hours, with a ~ull cure of the polymer mixture or sealant in about 24 hours. Such a system is of particular interest for use in the automotive industry for the quick mounting of glass components such as windshields into the body of a vehicle. For ease in combining with the sealant compositions, the water is conveniently incorporated in the form of a paste made from water and one of the filler materials desirable to be included in the sealant composition for other purposes. For example, such pastes can be made from clay and water in proportions sufficient to give the paste the viæcosity and flow characteristics required for a particular application.
While such a procedure affords a rapid cure of the sealant systems involved, it also entails the considerable disadvantage that the sealant and water used to accelerate the cure must be combined shortly before the sealant composition is to be employed and, once the sealant and water have been admixed, the resulting rapidly-curing system cannot be stored. Thus, the rapid cures now common in the prior art require the presence of metering/mixing equipment ~297623 on the job site and require the continual compounding of batches of sealant and water in amounts no greater than those which can be used conveniently before the ongoing cure of the resulting mixture renders the mixture unworkable.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a "one package~ sealant system, i.e. a system capable of rapid cure without the addition of water thereto, which system, although highly reactive in the presence of atmospheric moisture alone, nevertheless has good shelf stability in the absence of moisture.
A feature of the present invention is a sealant comprising a polyurethane p~epolymer in combination with DMDEE as a catalyst therefore, in which system the isocyanate functionality of the prepolymer and the concentration of DMDEE catalyst therein both have critical values. With prepolymers having such critical isocyanate functionality and by the employment of DMDEE, specifically, at critical concentration levels, sealant compositions having very rapid cure rates in the presence of atmocpheric moisture alone, without the addition of water, have been developed. Such compositions represent a significant advance in the art since they permit the elimination of the mixing of water with sealant just prior to use with all the disadvantage that this entails in the way of equipment, manpower, considerations of pot life, etc.
More in particular, the sealants according to the present invention comprise polyurethane polymers having an isocyanate functionality between 2.3 and 3.0, and preferably between 2.5 and 2.7. This corresponds to an isocyanate -`" `12g76~3 content in the polymer of about 1-4 percent by weight and to an isocyanate content only about 0.5-2 percent by weight in sealants compounded with such a polymer by combination with fillers and catalyst. With such low isocyanate contents there is little tendenc~ to foam formation as i8 observed --and desired -- in many prior art systems comprising isocyanate and an amine such as DMDEE. Such prior art systems containing 5 or more percent to as much as 30 percent of free isocyanate react with water to release large amounts of C02, producing foams. Such a foam structure is undesirable in a sealant, however, and is avoided by the present invention. With such prepolymers, DMDEE is employed as a catalyst at a concentration between 0.2 and 1.75 percent by weight of the finished sealant compound, preferably between 0.4 and 1.3 percent. At these concentrations, sealants having both an excellent cure rate and good storage stability are obtained.
The rate of cure of sealant compositions is measured by a standard test involving the determination of the lap shear strength of a seal cured under specific conditions of time, temperature, and humidity. More in particular, the lap shear sample is assembled by creating a sealant bead ~" wide and ~" high along the 1" edge of two substrates each 1" by 3" in dimensions, which assembly is then cured for 2.7 hours at 75F and 50% relative humidity.
The stability of the sealant on storage in the absence of moisture is evaluated by determining the initial flow rate of a sealant sample, determining its flow rate again after aging at 130F for three days in the absence of " 1Z97623 moisture, and striking the ratio of the aged flow rate to the initial flow rate. The flow rate in each case is defined as the time in seconds required to extrude 20 grams of the sealant through an orifice 0.157" in diameter under a pressure of 58 pounds per square inch. Clearly, the flow rate ratio would ideally be 1, indicating substantially no polymerization of the system during the aging period.
Conversely, flow rate ratios significantly greater than l indicate a polymerization of the prepolymer of the sealant in the absence of moisture, i.e. a lack of shelf stability for the systems in the absence of water.
The isocyanate terminated polyurethane polymers of the invention are prepared by the reaction of an organic polyisocyanate with a polyhydroxy compound. If part or all of the polyhydroxy compound has an hydroxy functionality of more than two hydroxy groups per molecule, the polyurethane reaction product is not linear but branched. When later crosslinked, such a branched polymer develops a thermoset polyurethane (elastomeric) character.
In this reaction, the polyisocyanate is employed in excess so that the resultant polymers have isocyanate terminals.
The polyols that may be used are the same as those commonly employed in the prior art for preparing polyurethane resins, e~g. polyester polyols and, particularly, polyether polyols. The polyester polyols include lactone polyols prepared by the polymerization of lactones, compounds such as castor oil, and polyester polyols formed by the reaction of an alkylene glycol with a -' 1Z97623 dicar~oxylic acid, for example. Polyether polyols may be prepared by forming alkylene oxide adducts of the polyester polyols and lactone polyols discussed above, or by the reaction of alkylene oxides with materials such a6 castor oil. However, the preferred polyether polyols are polyoxyalkylene polyols, e.g. polyoxalkylene diols prepared, for example, by the homopolymerization or copolymerization of materials such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
Polyoxyalkylene triols, for example linear compounds having pendant hydroxy groups or having branched polyether chains, may also be employed as starting compounds in admixture with diols.
The organic polyisocyanates which are reacted in excess with such polyols or formation of the isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymers of the present invention are those taught, for example, in ~rode et al. U.S. patent 3,632, 577. That is, they are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, or aromatic polyisocyanates, suitably di- and/or tri-isocyanates. Particularly preferred materials for use according to the present invention are diphenyl-methane-4,4'-diisocyanate having aromatic characteristics, the cycloaliphatic diisocyanate 3-isocyanatomethyl-3, 5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate ~isophorone diisocyanate), and dicyclohexyl-4,4'-methane diisocyanate. Mixtures of two or more of these preferred materials are also preferred for use in the present invention.
As known in the art, the polyols and polyisocyanates are suitably reacted at a temperature `` :IZ976Z3 between 0C and 120C, preferably between 25C and 90C.
The reactions are carried out under an inert atmosphere such as a nitrogen blanket and under anhydrous conditions. The reaction may be suitably be carried out in the presence of a catalyst. The stannous-salts of carboxylic acid, such as stannous octoate, stannous oleate, stannous acetate, and stannous laurate are known as catalysts for the formation of urethanes. Also, dialkyltin dicarboxylates such as dibutyltin dilaurate and dibutyltin diacetate are known in the art as urethane catalysts, as are tertiary amines with tin mercaptides. The amount of catalyst employed is generally between 0.005 and 5 percent by weight of the reaction mixture catalyzed, depending on the nature of the isocyanate.
The polyols employed in thi6 reaction, having two or more hydroxyl groups, generally have a molecular weight between about 500 and 6000 and have hydroxy equivalent weights between 50 and 2000. The preferred polyoxyalkylene polyols, such as polyoxypropylene, have hydroxy equivalent weights between 200 and 2000. These materials are reacted with excess isocyanate until the isocyanate content in the prepolymer is close to the critical value mentioned earlier, as determined by titrating the free isocyanate groups in a sample of the prepolymer with dibutylamine. The resulting prepolymers having terminal isocyanate groups have molecular weights between about 3000 and about 10000. The preferred prepolymers have a molecular weight between about 3000 and 6000.
The DMDEE catalyst employed in the compositions of ``` ~Z97623 the invention is known, for example, from U.S. patent 3,645,925 where its usefulness as a catalyst for promoting the reaction of isocyanate groups with water is disclosed.
This well-known general reactivity of DMDEE for the catalysis of curing polyurethanes nevertheless would not lead one skilled in the art to the use of the material in the specific systems of the present invention in which their presence in a specific concentration, in combination with polyurethane prepolymers of a critical funcionality, results in systems having a cure rate and stability surprisingly and unexpectedly superior with respect to similar systems in which the prepolymers have a differ~nt functionality or contain DMDEE in concentrations other than those found to be critical, or in systems employing catalysts for the curing of isocyanates which are even better in their catalytic effect than is DMDEE.
For formulating ~ealant compositions, the polymer/catalyst mixtures of the invention are combined with fillers and additives known in the prior art for use in elastomeric compositions. By the addition of such materials, physical properties such as viscosity, flow rate, sag, and the like can be modified to desired values.
However, to prevent premature hydrolysis of the moisture sensitive groups of the polymer, the fillers should be thoroughly dried before admixture therewith. Exemplary filler materials and additives include materials such as carbon black, titanium dioxide, clays, calcium carbonate, surface treated silicas, ultraviolet stabilizers, antioxidants, and the like. Thi~ list, however, is not comprehensive and is given merely as illustrative.
As mentioned earlier, such sealants may also contain one or more plasticizers to modify rheological properties to a desired consistency. Such materials should be free of water, inert to isocyanate groups, and compatible with the polymer. Suitable plasticizers are well-known in the art and include alkyl phthalates such as dioctyl phthalate or dibutyl phthalate, partially hydroqenated terpene commercially available as "Hs-40", and alkyl naphthalenes. Diethyl malonate can be used as a stabiliz-er. Still other materials well-known in the art may be used for the compounding of materials of this type.
The surprising and unexpected results obtained with the specific systems according to the present invention are shown more in particular in the followinq specific examples given by way of illustration.
A polyether polyurethane prepolymer having a low degree of branching (isocyanate functionality of about 2.3) was prepared by thoroughly mixing 984.7g ~0.98eq) of a polyoxypropylene diol having an average molecular weight of about 2000 and commerically available under the tradename "Pluracol P-2010" with 993.0g (0.68eq~ of a polyoxypropylene triol having an average molecular weight of about 4400 and commercially available under the tradename "Pluracol TPE-4542n. The triol is prepared, for example, by the polymerization of propylene oxide onto a trihydric starting material such a~ glycerin or trimethylol propane. Mixing was effected in a reactor with heating of the mixture to about ~A
~ g ,,,.i.. - .
` i297623 55C. 43.1g t3.42eq) of molten diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 0.130g of stannous octoate were then introduced. The whole mixture was then reacted at 75C for one hour. Finally, a plasticizing mixture of 66.5g of an alXyl naphthalene plasti~izer, commercially available under the tradename "Kenplast G", 124.5g of a dialkyl phthalate plasticizer containing mixed C7-, Cg-, and Cll- linear alkyl groups, and 40.6g of diethyl malonate was introduced into the reaction vessel under agitation. The reaction product had a viscosity of 4400 cps at 25C and an isocyanate content of 1.9~ by weight.
A polyether polyurethane prepolymer having a medium degree of branching (isocyanate functionality about 2.5) was synthesized by blending 536.8g (0.556eq) of the diol of Example 1 and }503.3g (1.03eq) of the triol of Example 1 in a reaction vessel and heating the mixture to 55C. 414.3g (3.45eq) of molten diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 0.13g of stannous octoate were then introduced and the whole mixture was reacted at 75C for one hour. After completion of the reaction, diethyl malonate and a mixture of the two plasticizers of Example 1, in the amounts given in that Example, were added to the reaction vessel.
~ he final product had a viscosity of 5600 cps at 25C and an isocyanate content of 1.9% by weight.
A polyether polyurethane prepolymer having a high degree of branching (isocyanate functionality about 2.66) ~` 1297623 was synthesized by blending 210.9g ~0.21eq) of the diol of Example l with 1841.3g (1.26eq) of the triol of Example 1 in a reaction vessel and heating the mixture to 55C. 399.7g (3.17eq) of molten diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 0.13g of stannous octoate were introduced and the mixture was then reacted at 75C for one hour. After completion of the reaction, diethyl malonate and a mixture of the two plasticizers of Example 1, in the amounts there given, were introduced into the reaotion vessel with stirring.
The reaction product had a viscosity of 9400 cps at 25C and a final isocyanate content of 1.9~ by weight.
EXAMPL~ 4 A polyether-polyester polyurethane prepolymer having a high degree of branching (isocyanate functionality about 2.66) was synthesized by blending 106.5g (0.142eq) of a polycarbonate diol having a hydroxy equivalent weight of 750, 19 4g of the alkyl naphthylene plasticizer of Example 1, 9.1g of the dialkyl phthalate plasticizer of Example 1, and 827.7g (0.566eq) of the polyoxypropylene triol of Example 1 and then heating the mixture to 55C. 192.5g (1.53eq) of molten diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 0.06g of stannous octoate were then introduced with light stirring and the whole mixture was reacted at 75~C for one hour. After completion of the reaction, a mixture of 12.lg of "Kenplast G~ alkyl naphthalene plasticizer, 578.9g of the dialkyl phthalate plasticizer earlier described, and 19.2g of diethyl malonate was introduced into the reaction vessel with agitation.
The reaction product had a viscosity of 20,000cps " 1Z97623 at 25C and a final isocyanate content of 1.9~ by weight.
A polyether-polyester polyurethane prepolymer having a high degree of branching (isocyanate functionality about 2.66) was synthesized by mixing 117.1g (0.40eq) of a polycaprolactone triol having an OH equivalent weight of 300 and commercially available under the tradename "Tone PCP-310", 513.3g (0.53eq) of polytetramethylene ether glycol ~OH equivalent weight = 968.9), 19.4g of the alkyl naphthylene plasticizer earlier described, 290.2g (0.20eq) of a polyoxypropylene triol having an average molecular weight of about 4400, and 9.0g of the dialkyl phthalate plasticizer earlier described and heating to 55C. 241.7g ~1.92eq) of molten diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 0.06g of stannous octoate were then introduced with light stirring and the whole mixture was reacted at 75C for one hour. After reaction was complete, a mixture of 12.2g of alkyl naphthylene plasticizer, 578.6g of dialkyl phthalate plasticizer, and 19.2g of diethyl malonate was introduced into the reaction vessel with stirring.
The reaction product had a viscosity of 8800 cps at 25C and a final isocyanate content of 1.9% by weight.
~; To show the superiority of the sealant compositions according to the present invention both with respect to their stability in the absence of moisture and their rapid cure, a number of sealant compositions were made employing the prepolymer of Example 3 in combination with ~ ~ .
lZ97623 .
various catalytic materials known in the prior art for the catalysis of isocyanate/water reactions.
More in particular, 1340.2g of the prepolymer of Example 3 was mixed in each case with 1% by weight of a dried catalyst as shown below in Table I, together with 528.0g of dried carbon black and 380.0g of dried clay (as fillers), in a planetary mixer under vacuum for thirty minutes. The finished sealant compositions were filled into plastic tubes and then sealed in pouches under anhydrous conditions. The storage stability of the sealant was determined by striking a ratio of the aged flow rates and initial flow rates as earlier described. The rapidity of cure was determined by measurement of the lap shear strength of assemblies prepared and cured under the conditions earlier described.
TABLE I
Example Catalvst StabilitY (~1ow ~atio) Lap Shear Strenqth(psi) after 2.7 hrs.
6 Dimorpholinodiethyl ether 1.1 - 128 7 N,N'-dimethylpiperazine 2.4 54 8 N,N,N' ,N'-tetramethyl-1,3- Not measureable since 170 butanediamine sealant gelled 9 Benzyldimethylamine 1.0 0 N-ethylmorpholine 1.4 2.0 11 Trimethylpiperazine 2.2 49 12 2-dimethylaminoethyl-3 Not measureable since 130 dimethylaminopropyl ether sealant gelled 13 Bismuth octoate (1.6%) 1.5 68 It can be seen from Table I that, among those catalysts conventionally used for polyurethane systems which were tested, DMDEE provides both the excellent shelf . , : . . .
~' ' .. ,., ~. , , . lZ97623 stability and fast cure properties that are re~uired for industrial uses of moisture cureable fast cure sealants.
In following Ta~le II are tabulated the lap shear strength observed in sealants combining polyurethane polymers of different isocyanate functionality with different concentrations of DMDEE catalyst. The results show that both functionality and catalyst concentration affect the speed of cure as measured ~y the lap shear strength after stora~e at 2.7 hours under the conditions earlier described, but that in each case the cure rates observed in the systems of the present invention are at least 60pBi, deemed to be the minimal acceptable cure rate for a one package system of this ~ype.
More in particular, in each case the samples tested were formulated by combining polyurethane prepolymer, carbon black, and clay in the manner described for Examples 6-13 in the same ratios there disclosed, in the presence of the concentration of DMDEE catalyst indicated in Table Il.
Examples 14-17 employ the prepolymer of Example l; Examples 18-20 employ the prepolymer of Example 2; Examples 21-23 employ the prepolymer of Example 3; Example 24 employs the polyether-polyester polyurethane of Example 4; and Example 25 employs the polyether-polyester polyurethane of Example `' 12976,23 TABLE II
Lap Shear Strength Example NCO Functionality DMDEE Catalyst (%) (PSI After 2.7 Hrs.) 14 2.30 0.4 67 2.30 0.7 97 16 2.30 1.0 117 17 2.30 1.3 122 18 2.50 0.7 83 19 2.50 1.0 ~31 2.50 1.3 122 21 2.66 0.4 103 22 2.66 0.7 133 23 2.66 1.3 137 24 2.66 1.0 120 2.66 1.0 132 EXAMPLES 26 and 27 . .
Moisture cureable sealant compositions were prepared by combining prepolymer, carbon black, and clay in the amounts and under the conditions described for Examples 6-13. For Example 26, the prepolymer of Example 1 having an isocyanate functionality of 2.3 was employed: for Example 27, the prepolymer of Example 3 with a functionality of 2.66 was employed. In each case, the compositions were combined wlth 1,4~ by weight of bismuth octoate, a preferred catalyst in the prior art for the catalysis of polyurethane curing reactions. Table III below compareæ the properties of these sealants with the properties of the æealants of Exampleæ 16 and 6 prepared from the æame prepolymers but employing DMDEE
. 1 .
-.. .. ., ~ :
lZ9~62;~
as the catalyst.
Also included in the Table are compositions (a),(b), and (c) containing DMDEE as the catalyst but wherein the NC0 functionality of the prepolymer falls outside the limits of the invention. In order to maintain a total NC0 content of about 1.9 in each of these systems, while altering NC0 functionality, it was necessary to alter the molecular weight of the polyol reagents which, in each case, were reacted with diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate according to the procedure of Example 1. More in particular, prepolymers (a)-(c) each comprise a polyoxypropylene diol having an average molecular weight of about 1000, and polymers (b) and (c) each also comprise a polyoxypropylene triol with an average molecular weight of about 420, both these materials being members of the "Pluracol" family of commercial products mentioned in Example 1. As before, the sealants tested were formulated from the polymers as in Example 6.
As is evident from the Table, the sealant composition with a low NC0 funtionality of 2.00 has adequate stability, but has inadequate lap shear strength.
Conversely, sealant compositions with an NC0 functionality of 3.00 or greater have good lap shear strength, but an unsatisfactory stability.
`~' lZ97623 TABLE III
StabilitY LaP Shear Strength Example NCO Functionalitv Catalvst (%) ~Flow Ratio) (PSI, 2.7 Hrs.) 26 2.30 Bi octoate 1.3 35 (1.4) 27 2.66 Bi octoate 1.8 57 (1.4) (a) 2.00 DMDEE (1.0) 1.0 38 16 2.30 DMDEE (1.0) 1.0 117 6 2.66 DMDEE (1.0) 1.1 128 (b) 3.00 DMDEE (1.0) 1.4 130 (c) 3.20 . DMDEE (1.0) 1.9 142 ~ ' , -17_ , : ' ' " ' .' ' .`; ' ~: ' ' ' .
Elastomeric polyurethane polymers have heretofore been used in the art for compounding sealants or adhesives for bonding or adhering a variety of materials. Such polyurethane polymers are often prepared to have terminal isocyanate groups. On exposure to atmospheric moisture, the isocyanate groups react with water to form amino groups with the evolution of carbon dioxide. The amino groups so formed further react with available isocyanate groups to form urea linkages, thus effecting a cure of the polymer in the sealant and binding the materials to be adhered. One important use of polyurethane sealants is in the automotive industry for adhering automotive parts made of glass, such as windshields, rear windows, and the like, to a metal chassis.
Curing of the ~esulting polymer by moisture is often accelerated with catalysts. These materials include metal salts, such as tin and bismuth carboxylates, organosilicon titanates, alkyltitanates, numerous amine compounds, and the like.
However, the rapidity with which such catalyzed compositions cure in the presence of atmospheric moisture is often insufficient to meet industrial re~uirements such as . - .
`` 1Z9~623 those prevailing on automotive assembly lines. Accordingly, it is now common practice to enhance the cure rate by combining the sealant with water just prior to application to surfaces to be adhered. The polymer/water mixture starts to crosslink and cure immediately. Thus, a typical atmospheric cure at room temperature requires at least about three days for formation of an adhesive seal and about seven days for a cure to full strength, but can be accelerated by the addition of water to a cure sufficient for adhesion in a few hours, for example about six hours, with a ~ull cure of the polymer mixture or sealant in about 24 hours. Such a system is of particular interest for use in the automotive industry for the quick mounting of glass components such as windshields into the body of a vehicle. For ease in combining with the sealant compositions, the water is conveniently incorporated in the form of a paste made from water and one of the filler materials desirable to be included in the sealant composition for other purposes. For example, such pastes can be made from clay and water in proportions sufficient to give the paste the viæcosity and flow characteristics required for a particular application.
While such a procedure affords a rapid cure of the sealant systems involved, it also entails the considerable disadvantage that the sealant and water used to accelerate the cure must be combined shortly before the sealant composition is to be employed and, once the sealant and water have been admixed, the resulting rapidly-curing system cannot be stored. Thus, the rapid cures now common in the prior art require the presence of metering/mixing equipment ~297623 on the job site and require the continual compounding of batches of sealant and water in amounts no greater than those which can be used conveniently before the ongoing cure of the resulting mixture renders the mixture unworkable.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a "one package~ sealant system, i.e. a system capable of rapid cure without the addition of water thereto, which system, although highly reactive in the presence of atmospheric moisture alone, nevertheless has good shelf stability in the absence of moisture.
A feature of the present invention is a sealant comprising a polyurethane p~epolymer in combination with DMDEE as a catalyst therefore, in which system the isocyanate functionality of the prepolymer and the concentration of DMDEE catalyst therein both have critical values. With prepolymers having such critical isocyanate functionality and by the employment of DMDEE, specifically, at critical concentration levels, sealant compositions having very rapid cure rates in the presence of atmocpheric moisture alone, without the addition of water, have been developed. Such compositions represent a significant advance in the art since they permit the elimination of the mixing of water with sealant just prior to use with all the disadvantage that this entails in the way of equipment, manpower, considerations of pot life, etc.
More in particular, the sealants according to the present invention comprise polyurethane polymers having an isocyanate functionality between 2.3 and 3.0, and preferably between 2.5 and 2.7. This corresponds to an isocyanate -`" `12g76~3 content in the polymer of about 1-4 percent by weight and to an isocyanate content only about 0.5-2 percent by weight in sealants compounded with such a polymer by combination with fillers and catalyst. With such low isocyanate contents there is little tendenc~ to foam formation as i8 observed --and desired -- in many prior art systems comprising isocyanate and an amine such as DMDEE. Such prior art systems containing 5 or more percent to as much as 30 percent of free isocyanate react with water to release large amounts of C02, producing foams. Such a foam structure is undesirable in a sealant, however, and is avoided by the present invention. With such prepolymers, DMDEE is employed as a catalyst at a concentration between 0.2 and 1.75 percent by weight of the finished sealant compound, preferably between 0.4 and 1.3 percent. At these concentrations, sealants having both an excellent cure rate and good storage stability are obtained.
The rate of cure of sealant compositions is measured by a standard test involving the determination of the lap shear strength of a seal cured under specific conditions of time, temperature, and humidity. More in particular, the lap shear sample is assembled by creating a sealant bead ~" wide and ~" high along the 1" edge of two substrates each 1" by 3" in dimensions, which assembly is then cured for 2.7 hours at 75F and 50% relative humidity.
The stability of the sealant on storage in the absence of moisture is evaluated by determining the initial flow rate of a sealant sample, determining its flow rate again after aging at 130F for three days in the absence of " 1Z97623 moisture, and striking the ratio of the aged flow rate to the initial flow rate. The flow rate in each case is defined as the time in seconds required to extrude 20 grams of the sealant through an orifice 0.157" in diameter under a pressure of 58 pounds per square inch. Clearly, the flow rate ratio would ideally be 1, indicating substantially no polymerization of the system during the aging period.
Conversely, flow rate ratios significantly greater than l indicate a polymerization of the prepolymer of the sealant in the absence of moisture, i.e. a lack of shelf stability for the systems in the absence of water.
The isocyanate terminated polyurethane polymers of the invention are prepared by the reaction of an organic polyisocyanate with a polyhydroxy compound. If part or all of the polyhydroxy compound has an hydroxy functionality of more than two hydroxy groups per molecule, the polyurethane reaction product is not linear but branched. When later crosslinked, such a branched polymer develops a thermoset polyurethane (elastomeric) character.
In this reaction, the polyisocyanate is employed in excess so that the resultant polymers have isocyanate terminals.
The polyols that may be used are the same as those commonly employed in the prior art for preparing polyurethane resins, e~g. polyester polyols and, particularly, polyether polyols. The polyester polyols include lactone polyols prepared by the polymerization of lactones, compounds such as castor oil, and polyester polyols formed by the reaction of an alkylene glycol with a -' 1Z97623 dicar~oxylic acid, for example. Polyether polyols may be prepared by forming alkylene oxide adducts of the polyester polyols and lactone polyols discussed above, or by the reaction of alkylene oxides with materials such a6 castor oil. However, the preferred polyether polyols are polyoxyalkylene polyols, e.g. polyoxalkylene diols prepared, for example, by the homopolymerization or copolymerization of materials such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
Polyoxyalkylene triols, for example linear compounds having pendant hydroxy groups or having branched polyether chains, may also be employed as starting compounds in admixture with diols.
The organic polyisocyanates which are reacted in excess with such polyols or formation of the isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymers of the present invention are those taught, for example, in ~rode et al. U.S. patent 3,632, 577. That is, they are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, or aromatic polyisocyanates, suitably di- and/or tri-isocyanates. Particularly preferred materials for use according to the present invention are diphenyl-methane-4,4'-diisocyanate having aromatic characteristics, the cycloaliphatic diisocyanate 3-isocyanatomethyl-3, 5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate ~isophorone diisocyanate), and dicyclohexyl-4,4'-methane diisocyanate. Mixtures of two or more of these preferred materials are also preferred for use in the present invention.
As known in the art, the polyols and polyisocyanates are suitably reacted at a temperature `` :IZ976Z3 between 0C and 120C, preferably between 25C and 90C.
The reactions are carried out under an inert atmosphere such as a nitrogen blanket and under anhydrous conditions. The reaction may be suitably be carried out in the presence of a catalyst. The stannous-salts of carboxylic acid, such as stannous octoate, stannous oleate, stannous acetate, and stannous laurate are known as catalysts for the formation of urethanes. Also, dialkyltin dicarboxylates such as dibutyltin dilaurate and dibutyltin diacetate are known in the art as urethane catalysts, as are tertiary amines with tin mercaptides. The amount of catalyst employed is generally between 0.005 and 5 percent by weight of the reaction mixture catalyzed, depending on the nature of the isocyanate.
The polyols employed in thi6 reaction, having two or more hydroxyl groups, generally have a molecular weight between about 500 and 6000 and have hydroxy equivalent weights between 50 and 2000. The preferred polyoxyalkylene polyols, such as polyoxypropylene, have hydroxy equivalent weights between 200 and 2000. These materials are reacted with excess isocyanate until the isocyanate content in the prepolymer is close to the critical value mentioned earlier, as determined by titrating the free isocyanate groups in a sample of the prepolymer with dibutylamine. The resulting prepolymers having terminal isocyanate groups have molecular weights between about 3000 and about 10000. The preferred prepolymers have a molecular weight between about 3000 and 6000.
The DMDEE catalyst employed in the compositions of ``` ~Z97623 the invention is known, for example, from U.S. patent 3,645,925 where its usefulness as a catalyst for promoting the reaction of isocyanate groups with water is disclosed.
This well-known general reactivity of DMDEE for the catalysis of curing polyurethanes nevertheless would not lead one skilled in the art to the use of the material in the specific systems of the present invention in which their presence in a specific concentration, in combination with polyurethane prepolymers of a critical funcionality, results in systems having a cure rate and stability surprisingly and unexpectedly superior with respect to similar systems in which the prepolymers have a differ~nt functionality or contain DMDEE in concentrations other than those found to be critical, or in systems employing catalysts for the curing of isocyanates which are even better in their catalytic effect than is DMDEE.
For formulating ~ealant compositions, the polymer/catalyst mixtures of the invention are combined with fillers and additives known in the prior art for use in elastomeric compositions. By the addition of such materials, physical properties such as viscosity, flow rate, sag, and the like can be modified to desired values.
However, to prevent premature hydrolysis of the moisture sensitive groups of the polymer, the fillers should be thoroughly dried before admixture therewith. Exemplary filler materials and additives include materials such as carbon black, titanium dioxide, clays, calcium carbonate, surface treated silicas, ultraviolet stabilizers, antioxidants, and the like. Thi~ list, however, is not comprehensive and is given merely as illustrative.
As mentioned earlier, such sealants may also contain one or more plasticizers to modify rheological properties to a desired consistency. Such materials should be free of water, inert to isocyanate groups, and compatible with the polymer. Suitable plasticizers are well-known in the art and include alkyl phthalates such as dioctyl phthalate or dibutyl phthalate, partially hydroqenated terpene commercially available as "Hs-40", and alkyl naphthalenes. Diethyl malonate can be used as a stabiliz-er. Still other materials well-known in the art may be used for the compounding of materials of this type.
The surprising and unexpected results obtained with the specific systems according to the present invention are shown more in particular in the followinq specific examples given by way of illustration.
A polyether polyurethane prepolymer having a low degree of branching (isocyanate functionality of about 2.3) was prepared by thoroughly mixing 984.7g ~0.98eq) of a polyoxypropylene diol having an average molecular weight of about 2000 and commerically available under the tradename "Pluracol P-2010" with 993.0g (0.68eq~ of a polyoxypropylene triol having an average molecular weight of about 4400 and commercially available under the tradename "Pluracol TPE-4542n. The triol is prepared, for example, by the polymerization of propylene oxide onto a trihydric starting material such a~ glycerin or trimethylol propane. Mixing was effected in a reactor with heating of the mixture to about ~A
~ g ,,,.i.. - .
` i297623 55C. 43.1g t3.42eq) of molten diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 0.130g of stannous octoate were then introduced. The whole mixture was then reacted at 75C for one hour. Finally, a plasticizing mixture of 66.5g of an alXyl naphthalene plasti~izer, commercially available under the tradename "Kenplast G", 124.5g of a dialkyl phthalate plasticizer containing mixed C7-, Cg-, and Cll- linear alkyl groups, and 40.6g of diethyl malonate was introduced into the reaction vessel under agitation. The reaction product had a viscosity of 4400 cps at 25C and an isocyanate content of 1.9~ by weight.
A polyether polyurethane prepolymer having a medium degree of branching (isocyanate functionality about 2.5) was synthesized by blending 536.8g (0.556eq) of the diol of Example 1 and }503.3g (1.03eq) of the triol of Example 1 in a reaction vessel and heating the mixture to 55C. 414.3g (3.45eq) of molten diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 0.13g of stannous octoate were then introduced and the whole mixture was reacted at 75C for one hour. After completion of the reaction, diethyl malonate and a mixture of the two plasticizers of Example 1, in the amounts given in that Example, were added to the reaction vessel.
~ he final product had a viscosity of 5600 cps at 25C and an isocyanate content of 1.9% by weight.
A polyether polyurethane prepolymer having a high degree of branching (isocyanate functionality about 2.66) ~` 1297623 was synthesized by blending 210.9g ~0.21eq) of the diol of Example l with 1841.3g (1.26eq) of the triol of Example 1 in a reaction vessel and heating the mixture to 55C. 399.7g (3.17eq) of molten diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 0.13g of stannous octoate were introduced and the mixture was then reacted at 75C for one hour. After completion of the reaction, diethyl malonate and a mixture of the two plasticizers of Example 1, in the amounts there given, were introduced into the reaotion vessel with stirring.
The reaction product had a viscosity of 9400 cps at 25C and a final isocyanate content of 1.9~ by weight.
EXAMPL~ 4 A polyether-polyester polyurethane prepolymer having a high degree of branching (isocyanate functionality about 2.66) was synthesized by blending 106.5g (0.142eq) of a polycarbonate diol having a hydroxy equivalent weight of 750, 19 4g of the alkyl naphthylene plasticizer of Example 1, 9.1g of the dialkyl phthalate plasticizer of Example 1, and 827.7g (0.566eq) of the polyoxypropylene triol of Example 1 and then heating the mixture to 55C. 192.5g (1.53eq) of molten diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 0.06g of stannous octoate were then introduced with light stirring and the whole mixture was reacted at 75~C for one hour. After completion of the reaction, a mixture of 12.lg of "Kenplast G~ alkyl naphthalene plasticizer, 578.9g of the dialkyl phthalate plasticizer earlier described, and 19.2g of diethyl malonate was introduced into the reaction vessel with agitation.
The reaction product had a viscosity of 20,000cps " 1Z97623 at 25C and a final isocyanate content of 1.9~ by weight.
A polyether-polyester polyurethane prepolymer having a high degree of branching (isocyanate functionality about 2.66) was synthesized by mixing 117.1g (0.40eq) of a polycaprolactone triol having an OH equivalent weight of 300 and commercially available under the tradename "Tone PCP-310", 513.3g (0.53eq) of polytetramethylene ether glycol ~OH equivalent weight = 968.9), 19.4g of the alkyl naphthylene plasticizer earlier described, 290.2g (0.20eq) of a polyoxypropylene triol having an average molecular weight of about 4400, and 9.0g of the dialkyl phthalate plasticizer earlier described and heating to 55C. 241.7g ~1.92eq) of molten diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 0.06g of stannous octoate were then introduced with light stirring and the whole mixture was reacted at 75C for one hour. After reaction was complete, a mixture of 12.2g of alkyl naphthylene plasticizer, 578.6g of dialkyl phthalate plasticizer, and 19.2g of diethyl malonate was introduced into the reaction vessel with stirring.
The reaction product had a viscosity of 8800 cps at 25C and a final isocyanate content of 1.9% by weight.
~; To show the superiority of the sealant compositions according to the present invention both with respect to their stability in the absence of moisture and their rapid cure, a number of sealant compositions were made employing the prepolymer of Example 3 in combination with ~ ~ .
lZ97623 .
various catalytic materials known in the prior art for the catalysis of isocyanate/water reactions.
More in particular, 1340.2g of the prepolymer of Example 3 was mixed in each case with 1% by weight of a dried catalyst as shown below in Table I, together with 528.0g of dried carbon black and 380.0g of dried clay (as fillers), in a planetary mixer under vacuum for thirty minutes. The finished sealant compositions were filled into plastic tubes and then sealed in pouches under anhydrous conditions. The storage stability of the sealant was determined by striking a ratio of the aged flow rates and initial flow rates as earlier described. The rapidity of cure was determined by measurement of the lap shear strength of assemblies prepared and cured under the conditions earlier described.
TABLE I
Example Catalvst StabilitY (~1ow ~atio) Lap Shear Strenqth(psi) after 2.7 hrs.
6 Dimorpholinodiethyl ether 1.1 - 128 7 N,N'-dimethylpiperazine 2.4 54 8 N,N,N' ,N'-tetramethyl-1,3- Not measureable since 170 butanediamine sealant gelled 9 Benzyldimethylamine 1.0 0 N-ethylmorpholine 1.4 2.0 11 Trimethylpiperazine 2.2 49 12 2-dimethylaminoethyl-3 Not measureable since 130 dimethylaminopropyl ether sealant gelled 13 Bismuth octoate (1.6%) 1.5 68 It can be seen from Table I that, among those catalysts conventionally used for polyurethane systems which were tested, DMDEE provides both the excellent shelf . , : . . .
~' ' .. ,., ~. , , . lZ97623 stability and fast cure properties that are re~uired for industrial uses of moisture cureable fast cure sealants.
In following Ta~le II are tabulated the lap shear strength observed in sealants combining polyurethane polymers of different isocyanate functionality with different concentrations of DMDEE catalyst. The results show that both functionality and catalyst concentration affect the speed of cure as measured ~y the lap shear strength after stora~e at 2.7 hours under the conditions earlier described, but that in each case the cure rates observed in the systems of the present invention are at least 60pBi, deemed to be the minimal acceptable cure rate for a one package system of this ~ype.
More in particular, in each case the samples tested were formulated by combining polyurethane prepolymer, carbon black, and clay in the manner described for Examples 6-13 in the same ratios there disclosed, in the presence of the concentration of DMDEE catalyst indicated in Table Il.
Examples 14-17 employ the prepolymer of Example l; Examples 18-20 employ the prepolymer of Example 2; Examples 21-23 employ the prepolymer of Example 3; Example 24 employs the polyether-polyester polyurethane of Example 4; and Example 25 employs the polyether-polyester polyurethane of Example `' 12976,23 TABLE II
Lap Shear Strength Example NCO Functionality DMDEE Catalyst (%) (PSI After 2.7 Hrs.) 14 2.30 0.4 67 2.30 0.7 97 16 2.30 1.0 117 17 2.30 1.3 122 18 2.50 0.7 83 19 2.50 1.0 ~31 2.50 1.3 122 21 2.66 0.4 103 22 2.66 0.7 133 23 2.66 1.3 137 24 2.66 1.0 120 2.66 1.0 132 EXAMPLES 26 and 27 . .
Moisture cureable sealant compositions were prepared by combining prepolymer, carbon black, and clay in the amounts and under the conditions described for Examples 6-13. For Example 26, the prepolymer of Example 1 having an isocyanate functionality of 2.3 was employed: for Example 27, the prepolymer of Example 3 with a functionality of 2.66 was employed. In each case, the compositions were combined wlth 1,4~ by weight of bismuth octoate, a preferred catalyst in the prior art for the catalysis of polyurethane curing reactions. Table III below compareæ the properties of these sealants with the properties of the æealants of Exampleæ 16 and 6 prepared from the æame prepolymers but employing DMDEE
. 1 .
-.. .. ., ~ :
lZ9~62;~
as the catalyst.
Also included in the Table are compositions (a),(b), and (c) containing DMDEE as the catalyst but wherein the NC0 functionality of the prepolymer falls outside the limits of the invention. In order to maintain a total NC0 content of about 1.9 in each of these systems, while altering NC0 functionality, it was necessary to alter the molecular weight of the polyol reagents which, in each case, were reacted with diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate according to the procedure of Example 1. More in particular, prepolymers (a)-(c) each comprise a polyoxypropylene diol having an average molecular weight of about 1000, and polymers (b) and (c) each also comprise a polyoxypropylene triol with an average molecular weight of about 420, both these materials being members of the "Pluracol" family of commercial products mentioned in Example 1. As before, the sealants tested were formulated from the polymers as in Example 6.
As is evident from the Table, the sealant composition with a low NC0 funtionality of 2.00 has adequate stability, but has inadequate lap shear strength.
Conversely, sealant compositions with an NC0 functionality of 3.00 or greater have good lap shear strength, but an unsatisfactory stability.
`~' lZ97623 TABLE III
StabilitY LaP Shear Strength Example NCO Functionalitv Catalvst (%) ~Flow Ratio) (PSI, 2.7 Hrs.) 26 2.30 Bi octoate 1.3 35 (1.4) 27 2.66 Bi octoate 1.8 57 (1.4) (a) 2.00 DMDEE (1.0) 1.0 38 16 2.30 DMDEE (1.0) 1.0 117 6 2.66 DMDEE (1.0) 1.1 128 (b) 3.00 DMDEE (1.0) 1.4 130 (c) 3.20 . DMDEE (1.0) 1.9 142 ~ ' , -17_ , : ' ' " ' .' ' .`; ' ~: ' ' ' .
Claims (10)
1. A moisture curable sealant having good stability in the absence of moisture and a rapid cure rate in the sole presence of atmospheric moisture, said sealant comprising a polyurethane prepolymer having an isocyanate functionality between 2.3 and 3.0 and, admixed therewith as a catalyst, from 0.2 to 1.75 percent, by weight of said sealant, of dimorpholinodiethyl ether.
2. A sealant as in Claim 1 wherein said polyurethane prepolymer has an isocyanate functionality between 2.5 and 2.7.
3. A sealant as in Claim 1 wherein said catalyst is present in an amount of 0.4 to 1.3 percent by weight of said sealant.
4. A sealant as in Claim 2 wherein said catalyst is present in an amount of 0.4 to 1.3 percent by weight of said sealant.
5. A sealant as in Claim 1 wherein said polyurethane prepolymer is the reaction product of an isocyanate having at least two isocyanate groups and a polyol.
6. A sealant as in Claim 5 wherein said polyol is a polyether polyol.
7. A sealant as in Claim 6 wherein said polyether polyol is a mixture of a polyether diol and a polyether triol.
8. A sealant as in Claim 7 wherein said polyether diol is a polyoxyalkylene diol and said polyether triol is a polyoxyalkylene triol.
9. A sealant as in Claim 5 wherein said polyol is a mixture of a polyether polyol and a polyester polyol.
10. A sealant as in Claim 1 which additionally comprises at least one filler and at least one plasticizer in amounts to obtain desired viscosity properties.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/920,747 US4758648A (en) | 1986-10-20 | 1986-10-20 | High speed cure sealant |
US920,747 | 1986-10-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1297623C true CA1297623C (en) | 1992-03-17 |
Family
ID=25444315
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000549655A Expired - Lifetime CA1297623C (en) | 1986-10-20 | 1987-10-19 | High speed cure system |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US4758648A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0264675B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS63120721A (en) |
KR (1) | KR910007089B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE81514T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU594493B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8705559A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1297623C (en) |
DD (1) | DD269155A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3782226T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK544587A (en) |
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FI (1) | FI874489A (en) |
GR (1) | GR3006405T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MX165767B (en) |
NO (1) | NO874209L (en) |
PT (1) | PT85938A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA877635B (en) |
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- 1987-10-08 NO NO874209A patent/NO874209L/en unknown
- 1987-10-12 ZA ZA877635A patent/ZA877635B/en unknown
- 1987-10-12 FI FI874489A patent/FI874489A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-10-16 PT PT85938A patent/PT85938A/en unknown
- 1987-10-19 CA CA000549655A patent/CA1297623C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-19 DK DK544587A patent/DK544587A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-10-19 DD DD87308083A patent/DD269155A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-19 KR KR1019870011577A patent/KR910007089B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-19 MX MX008899A patent/MX165767B/en unknown
- 1987-10-19 BR BR8705559A patent/BR8705559A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-20 JP JP62265161A patent/JPS63120721A/en active Granted
-
1992
- 1992-12-02 GR GR920402769T patent/GR3006405T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX165767B (en) | 1992-12-03 |
US4780520A (en) | 1988-10-25 |
EP0264675B1 (en) | 1992-10-14 |
ES2043627T3 (en) | 1994-01-01 |
DD269155A5 (en) | 1989-06-21 |
NO874209D0 (en) | 1987-10-08 |
AU594493B2 (en) | 1990-03-08 |
JPH0575035B2 (en) | 1993-10-19 |
EP0264675A3 (en) | 1988-07-13 |
AU7727787A (en) | 1988-04-21 |
JPS63120721A (en) | 1988-05-25 |
GR3006405T3 (en) | 1993-06-21 |
FI874489A (en) | 1988-04-21 |
DE3782226T2 (en) | 1993-03-04 |
FI874489A0 (en) | 1987-10-12 |
DE3782226D1 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
PT85938A (en) | 1987-11-01 |
ATE81514T1 (en) | 1992-10-15 |
BR8705559A (en) | 1988-05-24 |
ZA877635B (en) | 1988-04-18 |
KR880005232A (en) | 1988-06-28 |
DK544587A (en) | 1988-04-21 |
KR910007089B1 (en) | 1991-09-16 |
NO874209L (en) | 1988-04-21 |
DK544587D0 (en) | 1987-10-19 |
EP0264675A2 (en) | 1988-04-27 |
US4758648A (en) | 1988-07-19 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MKLA | Lapsed |