CA1268685A - Escape respirator - Google Patents
Escape respiratorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1268685A CA1268685A CA000566072A CA566072A CA1268685A CA 1268685 A CA1268685 A CA 1268685A CA 000566072 A CA000566072 A CA 000566072A CA 566072 A CA566072 A CA 566072A CA 1268685 A CA1268685 A CA 1268685A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mouthpiece
- nozzle
- wearer
- hood
- shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002498 deadly effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000260 silastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B19/00—Cartridges with absorbing substances for respiratory apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
- A62B17/04—Hoods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
Abstract
ABSTRACT
ESCAPE RESPIRATOR
A self-contained emergency respirator that has a mouthpiece that fits into a wearer's mouth and which is directly connected to a chemical canister that processes exhaled breath. The mouthpiece is located within a transparent hood that completely surrounds the head of a wearer and protects the wearer from a possibly toxic environment. A breathing bag encloses the chemical canister and collects the processed exhaled breath for inhalation.
ESCAPE RESPIRATOR
A self-contained emergency respirator that has a mouthpiece that fits into a wearer's mouth and which is directly connected to a chemical canister that processes exhaled breath. The mouthpiece is located within a transparent hood that completely surrounds the head of a wearer and protects the wearer from a possibly toxic environment. A breathing bag encloses the chemical canister and collects the processed exhaled breath for inhalation.
Description
We~ n 3 li~03 2~ 1937 .
ESCAPE RESPIRATOR
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to emergency escape respirators. More specifically, the present invention relates to emergency self-contained Pscape respirator apparatus that maintains a wearer's visual integrity BACKGROUND_OF THE INVE TION
There exist many situations whare emergency respirator apparatus are desired, if not necessary. For instance, miners or firemen are constantly exposing themselves to circumstances where the risk of a toxic atmosphere exists. With only a moment's notice, it may be necessary for miners or firemen to extricate themselves from a position where deadly gases and visually irritating or damaging fumes are present.
Many emergency respirators or masks, currently on the market, fail to provide adequate protaction rom deadly gases and visually damaging fumes pres~nt in the atmosphere. In addition, many of these emergency respirators are complex to manufacture and complex in design.
In U.S. Patent No. 2,852,023 to ~amilton, et al., ~there is shown a pendulum breathing-type escape apparatus having a mouthpiece supporting a KO~ type canister and a breathing bag. The canister is not contained inside the breathing bag, but in series with the ~outhplece and the breathing bag. An o~ygen charge :
~6~36~i supplements the oxygen produced by the chemical proceæsing of the exhalation breath through the canister. There is no hood disclosed to protect the vision of a wearer if the circumstances require it.
U.S. Patent No. 3,893,459 to Mausteller, et al.
discloses an emergency breathing apparatus that uses circuitous breathing. A breathing bag is attached to one end of a chemical cartridge to receive processed exhalation. A mask with a breathing opening fits over tha nose and mouth and possibly over the face of a wearer.
The breathing opening communicates with a check valve surrounded by a perforated wall. Exhalation passes through the breathing opening and through the perforated wall into the chemical to be processed. After processing it collects in the breathing bag. The oxygen is then inhaled from the bag through the check-valve, which opens for inhalation, and through the breathing tu~e into the mouth or nose of a user.
U.S. Patent No. 4,411,023 to Dinson discloses smoke protective hood for protecting a wearer from poisonous fumes. The hood is not self-contained and n~
breathing bag is utilized. The protection offered by the mask is limited to toxic gases that are absorbed by materials such as coconut charcoal, silica and almondine.
These materials fit into the mask itself at a locati~n before the mouth of the user.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
' Accordingly, one o~ject of the present invention is to pro~ide an escape reæpirator that is self contained and maintains a wearer's visual inte~rity.
.
.. ., :
~L26~6~
Anothex object of the present invention is to provide an escape respirator that is easy to manufacture and simple in design.
Another object of the prPsent invention is to provide an escape respirator that is collapsible and fits into a pouch that is carried by a user until an emergency situation arises.
These and other objects of the present invention are attained with an emergency escape respirator that is fitted over the head of a wearer and supported from a mouth thereof when used, comprising: a mouthpiece having a first end and a second end; means for protecting the head of a wearer from toxic fumes, the protecting means surrounding the head of a wear~r and having at laast a first opening; means for processing exhalation from a wearer into oxygen, the processing means having a noz~le which is attached with the second end of the mouthpiece so exhalation passes through the mouthpiece into the processing means via the nozzle; means for collecting the oxygen, the collecting means surrounding the processing means and having at least a first opening aligned with the first opening of the protecting means so the nozzle o~ ~he processing means can be attached with the ~econd end of the mouthpiece, the oxygen collected in the collecting means, upon inhalation by the wearer, passin~ through the processing means, through the nozzle and into the mouthpiece; and a clamp holding the second end of the mouthpiece and the nozzle in place as well as the : protection means and the collecting means at their respective first openings around the second end of the mouthpiece and the nozzle; wherein the protection means and the collsction means are capable of being collapsed into a compact form that can easily ~e carried by a wearer :~ until use.
:-: . .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of the present invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with th~
accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure l is an overhead view of the respirator.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the canister.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the canister.
Figure 4 is a side view of the respirator.
Figure 5 is a side view of the hood-breathing bag assembly.
Figure 6 is a view of the noseclip.
Figure 7 is an overhead view of the carrying pouch.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFER~ED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts through the several views, and more particularly to Figure l thereof, a chemical air regeneration escape respirator 10 is~shown. The respirator 10 is comprised of a transparent hood 38 that fits ovar a user's head during emergancy situations where the surrounding atmosphere is :~ -~ ~ , - :
:
,- ,. - - - -:,: . , .
.. . :.:. .
~2~
-toxic. A mouthpiece 36 in the hood 38 is received in the mouth of the user and a noseclip 42 is clamped onto the nose of the wearer so inhalation and ~xhalation will occur through the mouthpiece 36. Also attached to the mouthpiece 36 at the end not in the user 1 5 mouth is a chemical canister 11 that converts exhaled breath to oxygen. A hood hole 39 allows the mouthpiece to pass therethrough and communicates with the canister ll.
Completely enclosing the canister ll, except for bag opening 34 through which the mouthpiece 36 fits, is a breathing bag 30 in which the processed breath and oxygen collects so it may be subsequently inhaled. Any excess pressure in the bag 30 is alleviated by a vent valve 32.
Upon inhalation, the oxygen and processed breath in the bag 30 returns to the user by retracing the path the exhaled breath followed via the mouthpiece 36 and the canister 11. the canister 11, mouthpiece 36, hood 38 and bag 30 are held in place by a clamp 46.
More specifically, and referring to Figure 3, in the escape respirator lO, an outside shell 12 houses an inside shell 14. The outside shell 12 is open on the top with a circumferential wall and a solid back. The outside shell 12 and inside shell 14 may be of tinplate or an equivalent material with the inside shell 14 having a 3.6 inch O.D. and the outside shell having a 3.75 I.D. (Note:
the minimum diameter of the canister to meet Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 30, Part 11, Table l; Man test 1 is 3 l/8 diameter). The outside shell 12 has a nozzle 16 through which exhaled air or oxygen may pass. Preferably the nozzle 16 is elliptical and rimmed for better gripping. Inside shell 14 has a circumferential wall which is flanged along the base, as can b~ better seen in the cross s~ctional view of the canister assembly 11 shown in Figure 2. Referring back to Figure 3, a first screen :;: : : -~2~
18 fits inside the inside shell 14 and rests upon the flange of the inside shell 14. A first mat filter 20, preferably made of fiberglass or equivalent material fits into the inside shell 14 and rests atop first screen 18.
A chemical processing material 22, for example, K02, fits into the inside shell 14. If K02 is used, it can be, for instance, 70-80 Gram 6-10 mesh. A second mat filter 24, also possibly made of fiberglass or equivalent fits into the inside shell 14 atop the chemical processing material 22.
A second screen 26 fits inside a cap 28 that has circumferential walls and is flanged at the top (see Figure 2). The second screen 26 fits into the flanyed area of cap 28 and is held snugly therein. The cap 28 with the second screen 26 is placed over the inside shell 14 and rests atop the circumferential walls of the inside shell 14, sealing the top opening of inside shell 14. It should be noted that the first screen 18, the first mat filter 20, the chemical processing material 22, the second mat filter 24 and second screen 26, all of which fit in the inside shell 14 and cap 28 should be of the same planar shape and completely fill the space between the inside shells circumferential wall. This is necessary to prevent any fluid passing through the inside shell 14 and cap 28 from not passing through each of the above-listed layers and be fully processed, as is described below The inner shell 14 fits into the outer shell 12 as shown in Figure 2. The inner shell 14 does not rest on the closed botto~ of th~ outer shell but a small distance above the closed bottom of the outer shell 12. This is to allow fluid to flow through the first screen 18 and enter or leave the inner shell 14. The inner shell 14 is supported off the bottom of outer shell 12 by the cap 28 . ~
86~5i of the inner shell 14 fitting tightly against the top of the circumferential wall of the outer shell 12. The tight fit of the cap 28 against the top of the circumferential wall of the outer shell 12 also serves the purpose of sealing the fluid passage that fans under and around the periphery of the inner shell 14 ~due to the inner shell 14 being smaller and shallower than the outer shell 12) so fluid entering or leaving the canister assembly 11 must go through the nozzle 16 or the inner shell 14 and cap 28 structure. Preferably, the overall canister assembly thickness is 1.2 inches.
The canister assembly 11 is situated in a breathing bag 30 as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The breathing bag 30 should be loose fitting around the canister assembly 11 and spacious enough so fluid easily flows through the canister assembly and there is enough volume to an ade~uate oxygen supply to sustain life during use in emergency situations. Preferably, the breathing bag 30 should be made of urethane film that is about 3 mils thick and which holds approximately 3 liters of fluid. Additionally, the breathing bag 30 has a vent valve 32 that allows fluid to escape from the bag 30 when the pressure therein goes above a desired level. This prevents the user from having to strain during e~halation if the bag 30 is already inflated and the pressure in the bag 30 is e~ual to or greater than the pressure that can be applied by the user to exhale.
The breathing bag has a hole 34 through which the nozzle 16 protrudes and communicates with a mouthpiece 36. The mouthpiece 36 fits securely and sealingly over the nozzle 16. Preferably, the mouthpiece 36 is a bite mouthpiece made of rubber. The mouthpiece 36 is located within a hood 38 that is large enough to fit over the head of a user to protect the user from a harsh environment.
The mouthpiece penetrates the hood 38 through a hood hole 39 to contact the nozzle 16. The hood should be of a transparent material so the user can see through it. In addition, the base of the hood has an elastic opening 40 that allows the user to draw the hood over the user's head and seal around the user's neck. Alternatively, a draw string can be situated around the hood opening 40 that can be drawn tight around the user's neck. Preferably, the hood is of a clear mylar material about 1 mil thick and the hood opening 40 is defined with silastic adging. Also located in the hood is a no~eclip 42 which a user clamps on his nose so only fluid from the mouthpiece 36 is inhaled. The noseclip 42 is attached to the hood by a noseclip cord 44. Preferably a swimmer's type noseclip 42 is used, as shown in Figure 6.
The breathing ba~ 30, nozzle 16, mouthpiece 36, hood 38 and noseclip cord 44 are held together by a clamp 46 as shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 is a cross s~tional view of section A-A shown in Figure 4. The nozzle 16 is located inside the breathing bag hole 34 with the area of the breathing bag 30 defining the breathing bag hole 34 and the material near the hole running essenti~lly the length of the nozzle 16. The noæzle 16 surrounded by the bag hole 34 material is in turn surrounded by hood hole 39 material. The material forming hood hole 39 is in an lnverted position as it æurrounds the bag hole 34 material and nozzle 16. Next, the mouthpiece opening 48 fits over and surrounds the a~ove mentioned layers. The end of the noseclip cord 44 is situated along the outside of the part of the mouthpiece 36. The clamp 46 squeezes the cord against the mouthpiece 36, holding it in place, as well as holding all the other identified parts in place.
~L~6~
9 .
By the canister assembly 11, through the nozzle 16, being secured directly to the mouthpiece 36, the need for a hose connector, as typically found in the prior art, is eliminated. Moreover, the canister assembly 11 and mouthpiece structure are materially supportive, allowing the canister assembly 11 to remain remote from -the surface of the bag 34 and off of the chest of the user. This is important since the chemical reaction o~ exhaled air with the chemical processing material may produce a lot of heat that, through conduction could burn a user. By the canister assembly 14 being remote from the chest of the user, the first mat filter 20 as well as the second mat filter provide heat transfer properties, as is well known in the art, that remove much of the heat generated by the chemical reaction. This cooling is augmented by the canister assembly being cooled by fluid in the bag surrounding it on all sides, rather than on one side if it were resting on the chest of a user. The oxygen supplied to the user is thus cooled enough so the user can comfortably inhale it. Additional cooling can be obtained by placing copper mesh in the end space between tha inn~r can 14 and outer can 12.
In the operation o the invention, the respirator 10 is first broken out of its carrying po~ch 50, shown in Eigure 7. The pouch 50 can be, for instance, made of Marvelseal 580 Pouch material and with a preferred size of 4 1/2 inchies by 4 inches and an opening of about 1 1/4 inches for the respirator 10 to slide in and out.
The pouch 50 is carried on the person of the user. Then, the hood 38 i~ pulled back over the canister and breathing bag so the mouthpiece 36 can be gripped and the noseclip 42 clamped onto the nose. The hood 38 is next pulled back over the head of the user with the elastic hood opening 40 seating itself around the user's neck. Close proximity of :
~2~36~
the canister assembly 11 to the warm breath of the user from the mouthpiece 36 promotes rapid reaction for processing of the exhaled hreath in the canister assembly 11 .
In the canister assembly 11 pendulum breathing occurs. As shown in Figure 2, exhaled breath passes through the nozzle 16, under the inner shell 14, via an annular plenum 52, preferably 0~075 inches thick, up through the firsk screen 18 the first mat filter 20 where cooling occurs, through the chemical processing material 22 where the C02 in the breath is removed and replaced with 2~ through the second net filter 24 where cooling occurs, through the second screen 26 and finally into the breathing bag 30. Upon inhalation, the entire process is repeated, but in reverse order than described above, with the fluid in the bag 30 being drawn through the inner shell 14 and up into tha nozzle 16. During inhalation a second opportunity for processing of the exhaled breath occurs. Ideally, the escape respirator 10 lasts for five minutes at a moderate work rate and weighs 0.7 lb. This light weight allows the respirator to be supported by the gripping mouthpiece 36. It has a long shel life and has no leakage of oxygen. The followiny table describes thirtaen tests that were carried out with the respirator 10. Each test includes the time elapsed during the test, what ~ctivity occurred by the user during that time, the percent 2 and percent C02 in the processed breath and remarks concerning the test.
: -:
,~
~ -- - o --~_ ~ ~~ ~ ~ D _ .
~' _ _ ~ V D D 1/. D D ~ ~ . ,. I
c g g ~ O o O O ~ O ~ ~ æ O 03.. ~ _ ~,,. D ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :r ~
,,, , ', , ~ O~ ~
b -- , ~ -- --~ v =, q _, ~ ,_ 3 , " o ~
~ _ o ~ o '' 5` 3 "
-- !l ~
. V. D `~ ~ ~ D ~ `~ ~ _ 1 ,.
D, ~ ~O ~ _ _ _ ~ O
I~ _ _ a - .. ..o~ 2:C` ,0s; _ : ~ ~ I O. g o ?
o - p o o p p o ~ o O ~ _ D r 3 o ,o 0 , ~ , O r ¦~ ~
_ o ~ __ ~" _ ~ 5 q~ ~ _ - . ,, O ~ " O O .0 q, i. r O ~.
- - - ~
-- /9 ~-- ~ 51 _ P ~ _ o 13 ~
.1 D~ ?
~ v _ D ~ 1~ ~ O ~
3 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ n / ~ , n ~ n ~?
:
-., '" ' .. ~
~26~5 -12~
Obviously, numerous (additional) modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
` ::
:' . ,~ ,., . ~
ESCAPE RESPIRATOR
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to emergency escape respirators. More specifically, the present invention relates to emergency self-contained Pscape respirator apparatus that maintains a wearer's visual integrity BACKGROUND_OF THE INVE TION
There exist many situations whare emergency respirator apparatus are desired, if not necessary. For instance, miners or firemen are constantly exposing themselves to circumstances where the risk of a toxic atmosphere exists. With only a moment's notice, it may be necessary for miners or firemen to extricate themselves from a position where deadly gases and visually irritating or damaging fumes are present.
Many emergency respirators or masks, currently on the market, fail to provide adequate protaction rom deadly gases and visually damaging fumes pres~nt in the atmosphere. In addition, many of these emergency respirators are complex to manufacture and complex in design.
In U.S. Patent No. 2,852,023 to ~amilton, et al., ~there is shown a pendulum breathing-type escape apparatus having a mouthpiece supporting a KO~ type canister and a breathing bag. The canister is not contained inside the breathing bag, but in series with the ~outhplece and the breathing bag. An o~ygen charge :
~6~36~i supplements the oxygen produced by the chemical proceæsing of the exhalation breath through the canister. There is no hood disclosed to protect the vision of a wearer if the circumstances require it.
U.S. Patent No. 3,893,459 to Mausteller, et al.
discloses an emergency breathing apparatus that uses circuitous breathing. A breathing bag is attached to one end of a chemical cartridge to receive processed exhalation. A mask with a breathing opening fits over tha nose and mouth and possibly over the face of a wearer.
The breathing opening communicates with a check valve surrounded by a perforated wall. Exhalation passes through the breathing opening and through the perforated wall into the chemical to be processed. After processing it collects in the breathing bag. The oxygen is then inhaled from the bag through the check-valve, which opens for inhalation, and through the breathing tu~e into the mouth or nose of a user.
U.S. Patent No. 4,411,023 to Dinson discloses smoke protective hood for protecting a wearer from poisonous fumes. The hood is not self-contained and n~
breathing bag is utilized. The protection offered by the mask is limited to toxic gases that are absorbed by materials such as coconut charcoal, silica and almondine.
These materials fit into the mask itself at a locati~n before the mouth of the user.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
' Accordingly, one o~ject of the present invention is to pro~ide an escape reæpirator that is self contained and maintains a wearer's visual inte~rity.
.
.. ., :
~L26~6~
Anothex object of the present invention is to provide an escape respirator that is easy to manufacture and simple in design.
Another object of the prPsent invention is to provide an escape respirator that is collapsible and fits into a pouch that is carried by a user until an emergency situation arises.
These and other objects of the present invention are attained with an emergency escape respirator that is fitted over the head of a wearer and supported from a mouth thereof when used, comprising: a mouthpiece having a first end and a second end; means for protecting the head of a wearer from toxic fumes, the protecting means surrounding the head of a wear~r and having at laast a first opening; means for processing exhalation from a wearer into oxygen, the processing means having a noz~le which is attached with the second end of the mouthpiece so exhalation passes through the mouthpiece into the processing means via the nozzle; means for collecting the oxygen, the collecting means surrounding the processing means and having at least a first opening aligned with the first opening of the protecting means so the nozzle o~ ~he processing means can be attached with the ~econd end of the mouthpiece, the oxygen collected in the collecting means, upon inhalation by the wearer, passin~ through the processing means, through the nozzle and into the mouthpiece; and a clamp holding the second end of the mouthpiece and the nozzle in place as well as the : protection means and the collecting means at their respective first openings around the second end of the mouthpiece and the nozzle; wherein the protection means and the collsction means are capable of being collapsed into a compact form that can easily ~e carried by a wearer :~ until use.
:-: . .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of the present invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with th~
accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure l is an overhead view of the respirator.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the canister.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the canister.
Figure 4 is a side view of the respirator.
Figure 5 is a side view of the hood-breathing bag assembly.
Figure 6 is a view of the noseclip.
Figure 7 is an overhead view of the carrying pouch.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFER~ED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts through the several views, and more particularly to Figure l thereof, a chemical air regeneration escape respirator 10 is~shown. The respirator 10 is comprised of a transparent hood 38 that fits ovar a user's head during emergancy situations where the surrounding atmosphere is :~ -~ ~ , - :
:
,- ,. - - - -:,: . , .
.. . :.:. .
~2~
-toxic. A mouthpiece 36 in the hood 38 is received in the mouth of the user and a noseclip 42 is clamped onto the nose of the wearer so inhalation and ~xhalation will occur through the mouthpiece 36. Also attached to the mouthpiece 36 at the end not in the user 1 5 mouth is a chemical canister 11 that converts exhaled breath to oxygen. A hood hole 39 allows the mouthpiece to pass therethrough and communicates with the canister ll.
Completely enclosing the canister ll, except for bag opening 34 through which the mouthpiece 36 fits, is a breathing bag 30 in which the processed breath and oxygen collects so it may be subsequently inhaled. Any excess pressure in the bag 30 is alleviated by a vent valve 32.
Upon inhalation, the oxygen and processed breath in the bag 30 returns to the user by retracing the path the exhaled breath followed via the mouthpiece 36 and the canister 11. the canister 11, mouthpiece 36, hood 38 and bag 30 are held in place by a clamp 46.
More specifically, and referring to Figure 3, in the escape respirator lO, an outside shell 12 houses an inside shell 14. The outside shell 12 is open on the top with a circumferential wall and a solid back. The outside shell 12 and inside shell 14 may be of tinplate or an equivalent material with the inside shell 14 having a 3.6 inch O.D. and the outside shell having a 3.75 I.D. (Note:
the minimum diameter of the canister to meet Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 30, Part 11, Table l; Man test 1 is 3 l/8 diameter). The outside shell 12 has a nozzle 16 through which exhaled air or oxygen may pass. Preferably the nozzle 16 is elliptical and rimmed for better gripping. Inside shell 14 has a circumferential wall which is flanged along the base, as can b~ better seen in the cross s~ctional view of the canister assembly 11 shown in Figure 2. Referring back to Figure 3, a first screen :;: : : -~2~
18 fits inside the inside shell 14 and rests upon the flange of the inside shell 14. A first mat filter 20, preferably made of fiberglass or equivalent material fits into the inside shell 14 and rests atop first screen 18.
A chemical processing material 22, for example, K02, fits into the inside shell 14. If K02 is used, it can be, for instance, 70-80 Gram 6-10 mesh. A second mat filter 24, also possibly made of fiberglass or equivalent fits into the inside shell 14 atop the chemical processing material 22.
A second screen 26 fits inside a cap 28 that has circumferential walls and is flanged at the top (see Figure 2). The second screen 26 fits into the flanyed area of cap 28 and is held snugly therein. The cap 28 with the second screen 26 is placed over the inside shell 14 and rests atop the circumferential walls of the inside shell 14, sealing the top opening of inside shell 14. It should be noted that the first screen 18, the first mat filter 20, the chemical processing material 22, the second mat filter 24 and second screen 26, all of which fit in the inside shell 14 and cap 28 should be of the same planar shape and completely fill the space between the inside shells circumferential wall. This is necessary to prevent any fluid passing through the inside shell 14 and cap 28 from not passing through each of the above-listed layers and be fully processed, as is described below The inner shell 14 fits into the outer shell 12 as shown in Figure 2. The inner shell 14 does not rest on the closed botto~ of th~ outer shell but a small distance above the closed bottom of the outer shell 12. This is to allow fluid to flow through the first screen 18 and enter or leave the inner shell 14. The inner shell 14 is supported off the bottom of outer shell 12 by the cap 28 . ~
86~5i of the inner shell 14 fitting tightly against the top of the circumferential wall of the outer shell 12. The tight fit of the cap 28 against the top of the circumferential wall of the outer shell 12 also serves the purpose of sealing the fluid passage that fans under and around the periphery of the inner shell 14 ~due to the inner shell 14 being smaller and shallower than the outer shell 12) so fluid entering or leaving the canister assembly 11 must go through the nozzle 16 or the inner shell 14 and cap 28 structure. Preferably, the overall canister assembly thickness is 1.2 inches.
The canister assembly 11 is situated in a breathing bag 30 as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The breathing bag 30 should be loose fitting around the canister assembly 11 and spacious enough so fluid easily flows through the canister assembly and there is enough volume to an ade~uate oxygen supply to sustain life during use in emergency situations. Preferably, the breathing bag 30 should be made of urethane film that is about 3 mils thick and which holds approximately 3 liters of fluid. Additionally, the breathing bag 30 has a vent valve 32 that allows fluid to escape from the bag 30 when the pressure therein goes above a desired level. This prevents the user from having to strain during e~halation if the bag 30 is already inflated and the pressure in the bag 30 is e~ual to or greater than the pressure that can be applied by the user to exhale.
The breathing bag has a hole 34 through which the nozzle 16 protrudes and communicates with a mouthpiece 36. The mouthpiece 36 fits securely and sealingly over the nozzle 16. Preferably, the mouthpiece 36 is a bite mouthpiece made of rubber. The mouthpiece 36 is located within a hood 38 that is large enough to fit over the head of a user to protect the user from a harsh environment.
The mouthpiece penetrates the hood 38 through a hood hole 39 to contact the nozzle 16. The hood should be of a transparent material so the user can see through it. In addition, the base of the hood has an elastic opening 40 that allows the user to draw the hood over the user's head and seal around the user's neck. Alternatively, a draw string can be situated around the hood opening 40 that can be drawn tight around the user's neck. Preferably, the hood is of a clear mylar material about 1 mil thick and the hood opening 40 is defined with silastic adging. Also located in the hood is a no~eclip 42 which a user clamps on his nose so only fluid from the mouthpiece 36 is inhaled. The noseclip 42 is attached to the hood by a noseclip cord 44. Preferably a swimmer's type noseclip 42 is used, as shown in Figure 6.
The breathing ba~ 30, nozzle 16, mouthpiece 36, hood 38 and noseclip cord 44 are held together by a clamp 46 as shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 is a cross s~tional view of section A-A shown in Figure 4. The nozzle 16 is located inside the breathing bag hole 34 with the area of the breathing bag 30 defining the breathing bag hole 34 and the material near the hole running essenti~lly the length of the nozzle 16. The noæzle 16 surrounded by the bag hole 34 material is in turn surrounded by hood hole 39 material. The material forming hood hole 39 is in an lnverted position as it æurrounds the bag hole 34 material and nozzle 16. Next, the mouthpiece opening 48 fits over and surrounds the a~ove mentioned layers. The end of the noseclip cord 44 is situated along the outside of the part of the mouthpiece 36. The clamp 46 squeezes the cord against the mouthpiece 36, holding it in place, as well as holding all the other identified parts in place.
~L~6~
9 .
By the canister assembly 11, through the nozzle 16, being secured directly to the mouthpiece 36, the need for a hose connector, as typically found in the prior art, is eliminated. Moreover, the canister assembly 11 and mouthpiece structure are materially supportive, allowing the canister assembly 11 to remain remote from -the surface of the bag 34 and off of the chest of the user. This is important since the chemical reaction o~ exhaled air with the chemical processing material may produce a lot of heat that, through conduction could burn a user. By the canister assembly 14 being remote from the chest of the user, the first mat filter 20 as well as the second mat filter provide heat transfer properties, as is well known in the art, that remove much of the heat generated by the chemical reaction. This cooling is augmented by the canister assembly being cooled by fluid in the bag surrounding it on all sides, rather than on one side if it were resting on the chest of a user. The oxygen supplied to the user is thus cooled enough so the user can comfortably inhale it. Additional cooling can be obtained by placing copper mesh in the end space between tha inn~r can 14 and outer can 12.
In the operation o the invention, the respirator 10 is first broken out of its carrying po~ch 50, shown in Eigure 7. The pouch 50 can be, for instance, made of Marvelseal 580 Pouch material and with a preferred size of 4 1/2 inchies by 4 inches and an opening of about 1 1/4 inches for the respirator 10 to slide in and out.
The pouch 50 is carried on the person of the user. Then, the hood 38 i~ pulled back over the canister and breathing bag so the mouthpiece 36 can be gripped and the noseclip 42 clamped onto the nose. The hood 38 is next pulled back over the head of the user with the elastic hood opening 40 seating itself around the user's neck. Close proximity of :
~2~36~
the canister assembly 11 to the warm breath of the user from the mouthpiece 36 promotes rapid reaction for processing of the exhaled hreath in the canister assembly 11 .
In the canister assembly 11 pendulum breathing occurs. As shown in Figure 2, exhaled breath passes through the nozzle 16, under the inner shell 14, via an annular plenum 52, preferably 0~075 inches thick, up through the firsk screen 18 the first mat filter 20 where cooling occurs, through the chemical processing material 22 where the C02 in the breath is removed and replaced with 2~ through the second net filter 24 where cooling occurs, through the second screen 26 and finally into the breathing bag 30. Upon inhalation, the entire process is repeated, but in reverse order than described above, with the fluid in the bag 30 being drawn through the inner shell 14 and up into tha nozzle 16. During inhalation a second opportunity for processing of the exhaled breath occurs. Ideally, the escape respirator 10 lasts for five minutes at a moderate work rate and weighs 0.7 lb. This light weight allows the respirator to be supported by the gripping mouthpiece 36. It has a long shel life and has no leakage of oxygen. The followiny table describes thirtaen tests that were carried out with the respirator 10. Each test includes the time elapsed during the test, what ~ctivity occurred by the user during that time, the percent 2 and percent C02 in the processed breath and remarks concerning the test.
: -:
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~' _ _ ~ V D D 1/. D D ~ ~ . ,. I
c g g ~ O o O O ~ O ~ ~ æ O 03.. ~ _ ~,,. D ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :r ~
,,, , ', , ~ O~ ~
b -- , ~ -- --~ v =, q _, ~ ,_ 3 , " o ~
~ _ o ~ o '' 5` 3 "
-- !l ~
. V. D `~ ~ ~ D ~ `~ ~ _ 1 ,.
D, ~ ~O ~ _ _ _ ~ O
I~ _ _ a - .. ..o~ 2:C` ,0s; _ : ~ ~ I O. g o ?
o - p o o p p o ~ o O ~ _ D r 3 o ,o 0 , ~ , O r ¦~ ~
_ o ~ __ ~" _ ~ 5 q~ ~ _ - . ,, O ~ " O O .0 q, i. r O ~.
- - - ~
-- /9 ~-- ~ 51 _ P ~ _ o 13 ~
.1 D~ ?
~ v _ D ~ 1~ ~ O ~
3 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ n / ~ , n ~ n ~?
:
-., '" ' .. ~
~26~5 -12~
Obviously, numerous (additional) modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
` ::
:' . ,~ ,., . ~
Claims (7)
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An emergency escape respirator that is fitted over the head of a wearer and supported from a mouth thereof when used comprising:
a mouthpiece having a first end and a second end;
means for protecting the head of a wearer from toxic fumes, said protecting means surrounding the head of a wearer and having at least a first opening;
means for processing exhalation from a wearer into oxygen, said processing means having a nozzle which is attached with the second end of the mouthpiece so exhalation passes through the mouthpiece into the processing means via the nozzle;
means for collecting the oxygen, said collecting means surrounding the processing means and having at least a first opening aligned with the first opening of the protecting means so the nozzle of the processing means can be attached with the second end of the mouthpiece, the oxygen collected in the collecting means, upon inhalation by the user, passing through the processing means, through the nozzle and into the mouthpiece; and a clamp holding the second and of the mouthpiece and the nozzle in place as well as the protection means and the collecting means at their respective first openings around the second end of the mouthpiece and the nozzle; wherein the protecting means and the collecting means are capable of being collapsed into a compact form that can easily be carried by a wearer until use.
a mouthpiece having a first end and a second end;
means for protecting the head of a wearer from toxic fumes, said protecting means surrounding the head of a wearer and having at least a first opening;
means for processing exhalation from a wearer into oxygen, said processing means having a nozzle which is attached with the second end of the mouthpiece so exhalation passes through the mouthpiece into the processing means via the nozzle;
means for collecting the oxygen, said collecting means surrounding the processing means and having at least a first opening aligned with the first opening of the protecting means so the nozzle of the processing means can be attached with the second end of the mouthpiece, the oxygen collected in the collecting means, upon inhalation by the user, passing through the processing means, through the nozzle and into the mouthpiece; and a clamp holding the second and of the mouthpiece and the nozzle in place as well as the protection means and the collecting means at their respective first openings around the second end of the mouthpiece and the nozzle; wherein the protecting means and the collecting means are capable of being collapsed into a compact form that can easily be carried by a wearer until use.
2. An escape respirator as described in Claim 1 wherein the projecting means is a transparent flexible hood that is large enough to fit over the head of a wearer, said hood having a first opening that allows the second end of the mouthpiece to communicate with the nozzle, said hood having a second opening whose size can be varied, said second opening allowing said hood to be pulled over the wearer's head.
3. An apparatus as described in Claim 2 wherein the collecting means is a flexible breathing bag.
4. An apparatus as described in Claim 3 wherein the processing means is a canister containing a chemical that removes carbon dioxide and generates oxygen, the canister having a nozzle which is attached to the second end of the mouthpiece.
5. An apparatus as described in Claim 4 including a noseclip located inside the hood and a noseclip cord attached to the noseclip and held in place by the clamp.
6. An apparatus as described in Claim 3 wherein the breathing bag includes a vent valve positioned in and through the breathing bag to allow excess pressure in the breathing bag to be released.
7. An apparatus as described in Claim 4 wherein the canister is comprised of an outer shell that has a base and a circumferential wall, with the nozzle opening out from the circumferential wall;
an inside shell enclosed by the outer shell, said inside shell having a circumferential wall that is flanged and a top, said inside shell having an open top face and bottom face between the wall;
inside the inner shell there being a first screen resting on the bottom flange of the wall and covering the open bottom face;
a first mat filter resting on and covering the first screen;
a chemical processing material that removes CO2 and generates oxygen resting on and covering the first mat filter;
a second mat filter resting on and covering the chemical processing material;
a second screen having a first and second side, said first side resting on and across the second mat filter and said second side covering the top face of the inner shell; and a cap that fits on and over the top of the circumferential wall, said cap being open to expose the top face of the inner shell, said cap holding the second screen in place; wherein the inner shell and cap are fitted into the outer shell with the cap held in place at the top of the outer shell so the inner shell, which is smaller than the outer shell, is supported above the base of the outer shell, thus forming an annular plenum for breath to travel from the nozzle down under the inner shell up through the first screen, through the first mat filter, through the chemical processing material, through the second mat filter, and through the second screen into the breathing bag.
an inside shell enclosed by the outer shell, said inside shell having a circumferential wall that is flanged and a top, said inside shell having an open top face and bottom face between the wall;
inside the inner shell there being a first screen resting on the bottom flange of the wall and covering the open bottom face;
a first mat filter resting on and covering the first screen;
a chemical processing material that removes CO2 and generates oxygen resting on and covering the first mat filter;
a second mat filter resting on and covering the chemical processing material;
a second screen having a first and second side, said first side resting on and across the second mat filter and said second side covering the top face of the inner shell; and a cap that fits on and over the top of the circumferential wall, said cap being open to expose the top face of the inner shell, said cap holding the second screen in place; wherein the inner shell and cap are fitted into the outer shell with the cap held in place at the top of the outer shell so the inner shell, which is smaller than the outer shell, is supported above the base of the outer shell, thus forming an annular plenum for breath to travel from the nozzle down under the inner shell up through the first screen, through the first mat filter, through the chemical processing material, through the second mat filter, and through the second screen into the breathing bag.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/062,097 US4754751A (en) | 1987-06-11 | 1987-06-11 | Escape respirator |
US062,097 | 1993-05-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1268685A true CA1268685A (en) | 1990-05-08 |
Family
ID=22040207
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000566072A Expired CA1268685A (en) | 1987-06-11 | 1988-05-05 | Escape respirator |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4754751A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1268685A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3819736A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2205506B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7210477B2 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2007-05-01 | Brookdale International Systems, Inc. | Respirator hood assembly |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2582524B1 (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1989-01-13 | Air Liquide | PROTECTIVE HOOD AGAINST FUMES AND HYPOXIA |
US4967742A (en) * | 1987-03-10 | 1990-11-06 | Theodorou Ignatius E | Portable breathing device |
FR2621249B1 (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1990-05-04 | Air Liquide | BREATHING PROTECTIVE HOOD AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR AIRCRAFT |
US4886058A (en) * | 1988-05-17 | 1989-12-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Filter element |
US4964900A (en) * | 1989-01-25 | 1990-10-23 | Mine Safety Appliances Company | Respirator filter means for removal of tritiated water |
US5140980A (en) * | 1990-06-13 | 1992-08-25 | Ilc Dover, Inc. | Hood mask and air filter system and method of manufacture thereof |
US6340024B1 (en) | 1993-01-07 | 2002-01-22 | Dme Corporation | Protective hood and oral/nasal mask |
JP3480114B2 (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 2003-12-15 | 株式会社菊池製作所 | Oxygen respirator |
DE19912461B4 (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2006-07-20 | GSF - Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH | Device for limiting the flow at low differential pressures |
US6553989B1 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2003-04-29 | James M. Richardson | Self-contained breathing apparatus with emergency filtration device |
US7237550B1 (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2007-07-03 | Jing-Jyr Lin | Respirator containing filter cases |
US20130139818A1 (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2013-06-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Split flow filtering device |
US9498656B2 (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2016-11-22 | B/E Aerospace, Inc. | Aircraft crew member protective breathing apparatus |
FR3006899B1 (en) * | 2013-06-12 | 2015-05-29 | Air Liquide | RESPIRATORY PROTECTION HOOD |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE363886C (en) * | 1922-11-14 | Alexander Bernhard Draeger Dr | Rigid-walled face end with mouthpiece for breathing apparatus | |
US2048059A (en) * | 1932-01-26 | 1936-07-21 | Jean Marie Guy Gira Boudemange | Respiratory apparatus |
GB411214A (en) * | 1932-01-26 | 1934-06-07 | Jean Marie Guy Giraudet De Bou | Respiratory apparatus |
US2744524A (en) * | 1952-08-08 | 1956-05-08 | Chicago Eye Shield Company | Fume respirator with cannister having offset walls and ring mounting means |
US2852023A (en) * | 1956-11-06 | 1958-09-16 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Closed circuit breathing apparatus |
US3893459A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1975-07-08 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Emergency breathing apparatus |
DE2639545C3 (en) * | 1976-09-02 | 1979-04-05 | Draegerwerk Ag, 2400 Luebeck | Escape filter device with protective hood |
US4164218A (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1979-08-14 | Midori Anzen Company, Ltd. | Personal escape breathing apparatus |
US4461291A (en) * | 1978-02-28 | 1984-07-24 | Werner Mascher | Respirator |
US4231359A (en) * | 1978-11-07 | 1980-11-04 | Midori Anzen Company, Ltd. | Personal emergency breathing hood with nose blocking device |
US4365628A (en) * | 1980-07-28 | 1982-12-28 | Hodel Carl F | Avalanche survival vest |
US4411023A (en) * | 1981-10-13 | 1983-10-25 | Pinson Jay D | Smoke protective hood |
SE448681B (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1987-03-16 | Interspiro Ab | RESISTANCE TYPE RESPIRATORY |
US4614186A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1986-09-30 | Molecular Technology Corporation | Air survival unit |
-
1987
- 1987-06-11 US US07/062,097 patent/US4754751A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-05-05 CA CA000566072A patent/CA1268685A/en not_active Expired
- 1988-05-12 GB GB8811293A patent/GB2205506B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-10 DE DE3819736A patent/DE3819736A1/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7210477B2 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2007-05-01 | Brookdale International Systems, Inc. | Respirator hood assembly |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4754751A (en) | 1988-07-05 |
GB2205506B (en) | 1991-06-05 |
DE3819736A1 (en) | 1988-12-29 |
GB8811293D0 (en) | 1988-06-15 |
GB2205506A (en) | 1988-12-14 |
DE3819736C2 (en) | 1992-08-27 |
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Legal Events
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MKLA | Lapsed |