CA1265630A - Multiplexer-demultiplexer using an elliptical concave garting and producted in integrated optics - Google Patents

Multiplexer-demultiplexer using an elliptical concave garting and producted in integrated optics

Info

Publication number
CA1265630A
CA1265630A CA000555150A CA555150A CA1265630A CA 1265630 A CA1265630 A CA 1265630A CA 000555150 A CA000555150 A CA 000555150A CA 555150 A CA555150 A CA 555150A CA 1265630 A CA1265630 A CA 1265630A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
microguides
layer
optical
demultiplexer
multiplexer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA000555150A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Gidon
Jean-Pierre Jadot
Serge Valette
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1265630A publication Critical patent/CA1265630A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29316—Light guides comprising a diffractive element, e.g. grating in or on the light guide such that diffracted light is confined in the light guide
    • G02B6/29325—Light guides comprising a diffractive element, e.g. grating in or on the light guide such that diffracted light is confined in the light guide of the slab or planar or plate like form, i.e. confinement in a single transverse dimension only
    • G02B6/29326—Diffractive elements having focusing properties, e.g. curved gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29316—Light guides comprising a diffractive element, e.g. grating in or on the light guide such that diffracted light is confined in the light guide
    • G02B6/29325—Light guides comprising a diffractive element, e.g. grating in or on the light guide such that diffracted light is confined in the light guide of the slab or planar or plate like form, i.e. confinement in a single transverse dimension only
    • G02B6/29328—Diffractive elements operating in reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

The device comprises microguides (G1, G2, ..... GN) traversed by light beams with N different wavelengths, a diffraction grating (R) formed by reflecting elliptical facets and a single microguide (G). Point (S) of the end of the single microguide (G) and points (P1, ...... PN) of the ends of microguides (G1, ..... GN) are optically joined by the grating for different wavelengths.

Description

~26~63~) MULTIPLEXER-DEMULTIPLEXER USING AN ELL;rPTICAL CONCAVE
GRATING AN~ PRODUCE~_IN lNTEGRATED OPTICS

DESCRIPTION i-~ I
The present invention relates to an optical multiplexer-demultiplexer used in optical telecommunications.
!

It is known that wavelength multiplexing makes it possible to increase the information flow rate of an optical link.
This technique consists o-f introducing at one of the ends of the link several (N) light beams of different wavelengths ~ 2,........ , ~N in a same optical fibre (multiplexing operation) and then extracting at the other end of the link, the various wavelengths to restore the original beams (demultiplexing operation).

Although very interesting, this technique causes certain problems. Thus, the overall losses of the multiplexing and demultiplexing devices must be limited, the multi-plexing or demultiplexing devices must be reversible, i.e. they are able to operate as a multiplexer in one direction and as a demultiplexer in the other and costs must be low.

The means according to the invention makes it possible to satisfy these three requirements through the use of integrated optics and a special type of diffraction grating.

An integrated optics guidance structur~ conventionally comprises a substrate covered by a stack of three transparent layers, the intermediate layer having a higher refraction index than the two layers surrounding it.

According to the invention, this guidance structure comprises:
a plurality of optical microguides, whose number is equal to the number of operating wavelengths, said microguides B 9223.3 RS

~2EiS~3~

havins first ends which are level with the surface of one of the f`aces of the guidance structure with an ade~uate spacing to permit coupling to the same number of optical fibres, said microguides being drawn towards one another whilst penetrating the structure and having second drawn together ends distributed along a segment;
a single optical microguide having a first end level with the surface of another face of the guidance structure and a second end disposed within the structure;
a reflecting, concave diffraction grating constituted by facets etched in the stack of layers, the facets having as the cross-section ellipse portions, whereof the two foci coincide respectively in the one case with the second end of the single optical guide and in the other with the different second ends of the plurality of optical guides for each of the operating wavelengths of said guides.

The invention is described in greater detail hereinafter relative to the drar~ings, wherein show:
Fig. 1 A diagrammatic view of the multiplexer-demultiplexer of the invention.
Fig. 2 A geometrical drawing showing the principle of focusing b~r a group of elliptical mirrors operating at a wavelcngth ~1.
Fig. 3 A geometrical drawing identical to the preceding drawing, but for a wavelength ,~N.
Fig. ~ A geometrical drawing showing a group of hyperbolas.
Fig. 5 A geometrical construction making it possible to define the different faces or facets of the grating.
Fig. ~ In section a plane blazed gra-ting.
Fig. 7 In section, the optical guidance structure at one reflecting facet of the grating.
Fig. ~ In section, an optical microguide.
35 ~ig. 9 A first arrangement of the different elements of the multiplexer-demultiplexer B 9223.3 RS

~Z6S~30 ,1 of the invention.
~ig. 10 A second arrangement of said same elements.

The structure shown in fig. 1 has two faces Fl and ~2.
A plurality of N microguides Gl, G2, .... GN (in the illustrated case ~=41 level w:ith the surface of face F1.
On said face, the spacing of the microguides is e.g.
approximately 125 ~m so as to permit a coupling with the not shown optical fibres, which essentially have said diameter. On penetrating the guidance structure, said microguides are drawn together. Their ends are distributed over a segment between extreme points Pl and PN.

On the other face F2, there is a single microguide G, whereof one end is level with the surface of F2 and whereof the other end S is within the structure.
', 15 Between the plurality of N microguides Gl, G2, ......... GN
and the single microguide G is provided a diffraction grating R constituted by reflecting facets or faces having an elliptical section, whereof the shape wil] be described in conjunction with figs. 2 to 5.

Fig. 2 shows a point S, assumed to be a source point, and a point Pl assumed to be an image point. Elliptical mirrors optically ~join these two points for a wavelength ~1. Each ellipse Em is the location of points for which the follo~ing relation applies:
SMm + MmPl = m ~1 (1) in which m is an integer, said relation representing the constancy of the optical path between points S and Pl (Fermat principle).
.
An ellipse corresponds to each value of m. Fig. 2 thus shows a group of ellipses Em-l, Em, Em~l, etc. parametrized by the integer m.

B 9223.3 RS

~2 Ei~63~
~, :
t ~ig. 3 show9 another group of ellipses corresponding to the same point S, but at another joined point PN and for another wavelength ~N. Each ellipse E'm corresponds to the relation: j SMm + MmPN = m~N (2) in which m is again an integer. A point Mm can be both on ellipse Em of the first group and on ellipse E'm of the second group, if relations (1) and (2~ are both satisfied for this point. If this is the case~
condition MmPl - MmPN = m( ~ N) (3) is obtained by member-by-~ember subtraction from these two relations. Relation (3) signifies that point Mm is on a hyperbola, whereof the foci are points Pl and PN.

Fig. 4 shows a group of hyperbolas Hm-1, Hm, H~l+l, etc.
having as foci points Pl and PN. These hyperbolas are the locations of points satisfying relation (3).

Fig. 5 shows this group of hyperbolas (Hm) and one of the two ellipse groups, in this case group Em. The intersection of hyperbola Hm with ellipse Em gives a point Mm, which is obviously on ellipse Em, but which is also on ellipse E'm (shown in broken line form). Thus, points Mm+l, Mm+2, etc. located on hyperbolas Hm+l, Hm+2, etc. are located both on ellipses Mm~l and M'm+l, Mm+Z and M'm+2, etc.
:
On plotting a line passing from point to point according to this principle, the profile of a diffraction grating is obtained, which will have the feature of optically ~oining points S and Pl for ~avelength Al and points S and PN for wavelength ~N.
i Naturally, there is a certain amount of arbitrariness for passing from one ellipse to the other and in fig. 5 this .

B 9Z23.3 RS

:a;26~

takes place perpendicular to the ellipses, but an inclined profile could also be used.

Grating R of fig. 1 is conceived in this way. Points Pl and PN are the two end points of the segment on which issue the different microguides operating at wavelengths ~1 and ~N. The intermediate points will be joined with S, but for intermediate wavelengths.

On returning to fig. 1, it can be seen that the device shown, when operating as a multiplexer, receives a plurality of light beams on its face Fl and supplies a single multi-wavelength beam on its face F2 (arrow M).
As a demultiplexer, it receives a multi wavelength beam on its face F2 and supplies a plurality of beams of different wavelengths on its face Fl (arrow D).

The dispersion of the grating according to the invention can be calculated approximately by considering that in the vicinity of its axis, the grating can be likened to a plan gratlng as shown in fig. 6. Angles i and r designate the angles of the beams striking and reflected by the facets~ counted from the normal to the facets of the mirrors. Angle adesignates the blaze angle of the grating.

It can be shown that the difference ~ r between the reflection angles of the beams corresponding to the wavelengths ~ and ~N is equal to m(~N - ~l~/pocOs(i~~)~
Thus, for example, one obtains an average spacing of ; ~0 ym, an angle a of 4 and m=l.

The focal distance of the mirror will be approximately 10 mm. The spacing between points Pl, P2, ....PN will be approximately 12 ~m for a wavelength variation between the different channels of 20 nm. Angle i can be chosen relatively large (e.g. close to 65 ).

B 9223.3 RS

~2:6~3~

Fig. 7 shows, in section, a guidance structure with a substrate 20, e.g. of silicon, a first layer 22 of SiO2 with a thickness of 6 to 8 ,um, a second phosphorus-doped SiO2 layer 24 wi-th a thickness of approximately 4 to 5 ~m and a third SiO2 layer 26 of thickness 6 to 8 ,um.

The index variation between layer 24 and adjacent layers 22, 26 is small, being approximately 10 3 to 10 , as is the case for the optical fibres between the core and the sheath.

This stack can be etched to the substrate in order to constitute a reflecting face operating in total reflection.
This etched face can also be covered by an e.g. aluminium metal layer 28.

In order to form the grating, on the guidance structure will be designed elliptical segments compl~ing with the criterion of fig. 5, e.g. by electronic masking and the structure will be etched along these segments.

In order to obtain microguides, it is possible to etch layer 2~ of fig. 7, in the manner illustrated in fig. 8 and then cover the etched assembly by a SiO2 layer 30.
The light beam, whose section is hatched in the drawing is guided by conduit 24.

Figs. 9 and 10 show two possible arrangements of the assembly described. In fig. 9, plate 40 operates on 25 faces 42 and 44, which are orthogonal and in fig. 10 on faces 42 and 46, which are parallel.

The multiplexer-demultiplexer described hereinbefore operates with light beams with close wa~elengths (approximately 20 nm). It can be combined with a multiplexer-demultiplexer like that described in French patent application 2 579 044 filed on March 13th 1983 ~, B 9223~3 RS

~Z~S63~
~ 7 --in the nam~ of the Applicant. Such a device comprises diffraction networks arranged in series, each diffracting a particular wavelength range. On leaving each of these gratings, it is possible to position a device according to the present invention, which will function on the beamswhose wavelengths are in this range. This leads to ~ultiplexing-demultiplexing in each range on close wavelengths .

B 9223~3 RS

Claims

CLAIM
1. .
Multiplexer-demultiplexer in integrated optics, for operating at a plurality of different wavelengths, characterized in that it comprises a guidance structure formed by a substrate (20) covered by a stack of three transparent layers, a first layer (22), a second layer (24) and a third layer (26), the second layer (24) having a higher refraction index than that of the first (22) and third (26) layers surrounding it, said guidance structure comprising:
a plurality of optical microguides (G1, G2 ....., GN), whose number (N) is equal to the number of operating wavelengths, said microguides having first ends which are level with the surface of one of the faces (F1) of the guidance structure with an adequate spacing to permit coupling to the same number of optical fibres, said microguides being drawn towards one another whilst penetrating the structure and having second drawn together ends (P1, P2 ....., PN) distributed along a segment;
a single microguide (G) having a first end level with the surface of another face (P2) of the guidance structure and a second end (S) disposed within the structure;
a reflecting, concave diffraction grating (R) constituted by facets etched in the stack of layers, the facets having as the cross-section ellipse portions, whereof the two foci coincide respectively in the one case with the second end of the single optical guide (S) and in the other with the different second ends (P1, P2......PN) of the plurality of optical guides (G1, G2 ......., GN) for each of the operating wavelengths of said guides.
B 9223.3 RS
CA000555150A 1986-12-31 1987-12-22 Multiplexer-demultiplexer using an elliptical concave garting and producted in integrated optics Expired CA1265630A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8618434 1986-12-31
FR8618434A FR2609180B1 (en) 1986-12-31 1986-12-31 MULTIPLEXER-DEMULTIPLEXER USING A CONCAVE ELLIPTICAL NETWORK AND CONDUCTED IN INTEGRATED OPTICS

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1265630A true CA1265630A (en) 1990-02-06

Family

ID=9342489

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000555150A Expired CA1265630A (en) 1986-12-31 1987-12-22 Multiplexer-demultiplexer using an elliptical concave garting and producted in integrated optics

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4786133A (en)
EP (1) EP0275795B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63173006A (en)
CA (1) CA1265630A (en)
DE (1) DE3779610T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2609180B1 (en)

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FR2609180A1 (en) 1988-07-01
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EP0275795B1 (en) 1992-06-03
US4786133A (en) 1988-11-22
DE3779610T2 (en) 1993-02-04
FR2609180B1 (en) 1989-11-03
JPS63173006A (en) 1988-07-16

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