CA1259959A - Device for emptying containers, especially garbage containers - Google Patents

Device for emptying containers, especially garbage containers

Info

Publication number
CA1259959A
CA1259959A CA000474757A CA474757A CA1259959A CA 1259959 A CA1259959 A CA 1259959A CA 000474757 A CA000474757 A CA 000474757A CA 474757 A CA474757 A CA 474757A CA 1259959 A CA1259959 A CA 1259959A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
valve
container
switch
tilting
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA000474757A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jakob Naab
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zoeller Kipper GmbH
Original Assignee
Zoeller Kipper GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6228219&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CA1259959(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Zoeller Kipper GmbH filed Critical Zoeller Kipper GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1259959A publication Critical patent/CA1259959A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/02Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with means for discharging refuse receptacles thereinto
    • B65F3/04Linkages, pivoted arms, or pivoted carriers for raising and subsequently tipping receptacles
    • B65F3/06Arrangement and disposition of fluid actuators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/14Other constructional features; Accessories
    • B65F1/1484Other constructional features; Accessories relating to the adaptation of receptacles to carry identification means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/02Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with means for discharging refuse receptacles thereinto
    • B65F3/04Linkages, pivoted arms, or pivoted carriers for raising and subsequently tipping receptacles
    • B65F3/041Pivoted arms or pivoted carriers
    • B65F3/043Pivoted arms or pivoted carriers with additional means for keeping the receptacle substantially vertical during raising
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/02Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with means for discharging refuse receptacles thereinto
    • B65F2003/022Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with means for discharging refuse receptacles thereinto the discharging means comprising a device for determining the weight of the content of refuse receptacles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/02Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with means for discharging refuse receptacles thereinto
    • B65F2003/0223Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with means for discharging refuse receptacles thereinto the discharging means comprising elements for holding the receptacle
    • B65F2003/024Means for locking the rim
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/02Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with means for discharging refuse receptacles thereinto
    • B65F2003/025Constructional features relating to actuating means for lifting or tipping containers
    • B65F2003/0253Means for synchronising or coupling two or more discharging devices, e.g. for allowing the discharge of one large container or the simultaneous discharge of two or more containers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/02Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with means for discharging refuse receptacles thereinto
    • B65F2003/025Constructional features relating to actuating means for lifting or tipping containers
    • B65F2003/0256Means for vibrating or shaking the containers for facilitating emptying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F2210/00Equipment of refuse receptacles
    • B65F2210/112Coding means to aid in recycling
    • B65F2210/1123Bar-codes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F2210/00Equipment of refuse receptacles
    • B65F2210/164Printers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/001Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse for segregated refuse collecting, e.g. vehicles with several compartments

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION

A device for emptying containers, especially garbage containers is provided with an electrical control circuit for controlling its pressure motor(s), this containing a switch that is operated by the container that is installed and a time switch that determines the timing of the valve control for the sequence of movements. The device can be fitted with additional barrier elements that screen off the working area and which incorporate switches that permit automatic operation of the device only when they are in the safety position. The automatic control of the device can be configured for single chute, twin chute or double chute operation.
A particular development of the present invention is seen in the creation of a fully automatic emptying device in which each container that is to be emptied is identified by means of a program and switching unit, the identification data for the container compared with data in memory, and an automatically controlled sequence suitable for the container in question prepared from this. In addition, the filled weight, the empty weight and the condition of the container can be monitored and input into the control system.

Description

~ 2~ 9S9 The present device relates to a device for emptying containers, particularly garbage containers, lnto collectors, in which a lifting and tilting system or a tilting system that is driven by at least one fluid motor is provided with a lifting and tilting frame that accommodates the container that is to be emp-tied, the fluid motor~s) being controllad by means of a hydraulic valve that is incorporated in the hydraulic circuit, said valve, together with its associated operating device, being connected either directly or indirectly to a control circuit that contains a timing switch that determines the times of the valve control for the se~uence of movements.

A device of this kind is described in DE-A 27 21 059, in which a manually operated pressure switch is attached to the side of the chute ~Schuettung-Translator) as the element that initiates the emptying process. secause of this it is necsssary to first of all set the container that is to be emptied into the tilt or lift and tilt frame, or at least put it in a suitable position and then operate the manual switch that initiates the emptying process. In this connection, in practice it is unavoid-able that on occasion, the container that is mounted or placed in position is not properly gripped by the lift and tilt or lift frame. The device that is known from published DE-OS 27 21 059 filed May 11, 1977 to Severin Xupper and Josef Hoffmann is thus prone to increased risk of accidents.

In addition~ DE-PS 10 28 935 issued 9th October 1958 to Hans Zoller describes a garbage can tipper in which the control valve for the fluid motor is provided with a manual operating control that, when the valve if in the operating position for the fluid motor, can be moved behind a restraining bolt, with which a disconnector, that is also arranged in the h~draulic power cir-cuit, is associated such that it moves the manual operating con-trol behind the restraining bolt and releases it for the return of the control valve as soon as the appropriate compressed air loading has been reached on the disconnector. The disconnector ~4~
., ~ 5 ~

itself is controlled by an overflow valve that is operated by the pivot shaft of the tilting or lifting and tilting device. If one wishes to make it possible to shake the container that is to be emptied once it is in the emptying positionf it is possible to provide a suitable operating cam for the overflow valve on the pivot shaft of the tilting or lifting and tilting device and a choke in the supply line to the disconnector. This will cause a multiple back-and-forth movement in the end tilt position of the lifting or lifting and tilting device, until such time as suffi-cient pressure acts on the disconnector to r~lease the manualoperating element from the restraining bolt so that the control valve can move back lnto its starting position. This known device requires, on the one hand, a pneumatic pressure power cir-cuit and makes it necessary to initiate the emptying process by manual operation of the control valve and requires that the man-ual operating element of the control valve be locked.

Both known devices require operation by a single person in that the container that is to be emptied must be suspended on a suitable device of the lifting tilting frame or the tilting frame, or else that the operator holds the container that is to be emptied and operates the control valve, which frequently leads to incorrect mounting of the container on the lifting and t~lting or tilting frame and/or to incorrect operation of the control valve. In most instances, using the above-described known devices, two operators are normally required so as to ensure the proper installation of the container that is to be emptied on the lifting and tilting or the tilting framework and safe and proper operat~on of the operating valve.

In contrast to this, the present invention essentially improves a device of the type described in the introduction hereto in that as far as possible automatlc control of the empty-ing process is made possible, this making it possible for the container that is to be emptied to be placed by one operator alone in the lifting and tilting or tilting frame and ~hich ~.2~ 5~

enables the operator to leave the device during the dumping pro-cess, for example to move an already emptied container and pick up another container that is to be emptied. In this connection the improved device is to be driven by a pressure system of any kind, be it hydraulic or pneumatic; it is to be of simple con-struction, be simple to operate, be safe and economical to run.
In addition, the present invention shall ensure that during the automatic emptying process, the device shall present no hazard to the operating personnel or bystanders.

Thus, the present invention provldes that the control circuit for the pressure valve contains a switching element for initiating the control se~uence, said switching element being operated by the container that is installed on the lifting and tilting or tilting frame of the emptying device.

~ y the arrangement of th!e switching element that initi ates the control sequence, foreseen by the present invention, for direct operation by the container that is to be emptied, all that is required of the operator is that he install and mount the con-tainer correctly and securely on the emptying devi.ce so as toensure that said container is simultaneously installed and mounted correctly, and then that hle start the control sequence for the emptying process.

5~

'l`his means ~ a~ even in ~.he case of one-man opera~ion i~ is possible to acllieve a greater level of safety during the automatic course of the emptying process.
The switching element -that is operated by the contairler can be a contact switc}l that works in conjuc-tion with wedges on the container. Such contact switches offer -the advantage that they are operated mechanically only when -the container has been ins-talled in the correc-t posit:ion.
The switching element that is operated by the container can be made up of one or a plurality of non-corltact-type sensors that work in conjunction with par-ts of the container. Various t:ypes of sensors can be used, for example, sonic sensors that respond to ex-temely high frequency sound waves -that are reflected from -the walls of the container. Magnetic switches can also be used, these responding to magne-tic elemen-ts attached to the walls oE the container. In addition, many sorts of optical or elec-trical sensors are sui-table.
~ further possibility according to -the present invention lies in the fact that swi-tch elements that are operated by the container can be made up of light barriers that work in conjunction with the container. For safety reasons it is preferred -~hat several such light barriers be provided, these being installed close -to the lif-ting and tilting or tilting frame, all of these being covered by the walls of the cont:ainer before t:he switching sequence is ~.25~9S9 initiated, so that it is impossible to -the switching process to be initiated by any random object entering tlle area of a light barrier.
~ ormally, t:lle signal tha-t is generated by a switch element that is operated by the container is passed to-the corresponding part of the control circuit through cable connection. ~lowever, it is also possible to pass the signals from tlle container-operated switch element to a receiver by means oE a miniature transmitter and a miniature receiver by a wireless method, for example, by ultrasonic or electromagne-tic waves, said receiver being incorporated in the control circui-t of the pressure valve.
Since the switch element -that is operated by the container-~hat is to be emptied is generally fixed and in many instances installed on -the tilt or lift and tilt rame, and since, on the other hand, many containers oE different shapes with, in part, a variety of configurations of their side walls can be in use on any one occasion, it is recommended that, within the context o -the present invention, a manually operated switch be incorporated in parallel to the switch tha-t is operated by ~he container that is to be emptied or ~lat such a swi-tch be incorporated in parallel to the receiver that is built into the control circuit. The additional manual switch is used so -tha~ the operating personnel can initiate the emptying process by ~9~

means oE tllis manually operat:ed swi-tch in -the event -that. a container that is unsuitable for the automatic initiation of tlle switch element is installed on the emptying device. ln this connection, the manually operated switch used for starting the control se~uence can be mounted on the operating device for the con-trol valve and a common manually operated element for the manually operated switch and the control valve can be provided.
In a preferred version of the present inventin the electrical circuit for the timed valve control can be configured so that on release o~ the swi-tch that is operated by the installed container the tilting or lifting and tilting device is controlled -to return to the s-tart position, preferably as soon as this switch is released or if the circuit that is completed by the switch is broken.
This means that if the container that is to be emptied is either picked up incorrectly or insecurely by the lifting and tilting or the tilting device the emptying process that has been initiated will be halted immediately and regressed so that the container tha-t is to be emp-tied can be reinstalled correctly. In this regard, it is particularly advantageous that the switch that is operated by -the container that is to be emptied is held in the closed position by said container, and the time switch so configured that iE the event tha-t the electrical current that passes through the swi-tch that is operated by -the ~9~

container to be emptied fails -the time switch moves to the position for re-turning tlle til-~:ing or liftiny and -til-ting device to its starting posi-tion.
In a fur-ther version of the present invention, it is foreseen that the electrical control circuit is controlled by a secondary control circuit that is pressure operated, such that a changeover valve that is either manually or electrically operated and connected -to a pressure source is operated through the time switch of the control circuit -that is configured as a time reIay. In this case, the pressure valve that is provided for controlling the pressure motor(s) is designed for pressure operation. The arrangemen-t of an additional pressure control circuit can, under some circumstances, be advantageous i a control current source that is insufficient for an electrical operating device for the control valve in the power pressure circuit or an insufficiently secure electrical control current source is not available. Ano-ther advantage results from the fact that because fo the the use of, for example, a pneuma~.ic secondary control pressure circuit, there is a buffer between the electrical switch elements and -the pressure medium power circuit or the valves in the pressure medium power circui-t.
By such a buffer the force that is needed to opera~e the valves that are arranged in the power pressure medium circui~ can be amplified and tlle con-trol energy increased.

~9~

The control valve that is local:ed in -tlle pressure medium power circuit: can be a two-position valve Wit}l a neutral and an operating position. This is particularly advantageous in because the operatirlg device for such a two-position valve can be particularly simple. ln a hydraulic pressure power circuit it is recommellded that such a two-position valve be connected to a bypass line tlla-t is joined-to-the return line of the pressure medium power circuit when in the neutral position.
In order to provide for a moderate shaking of the container t.ha~.is to be emp-tied, when the tilt device is hydraulically operated a valve that'rhythmically interrupts or restricts the supply of-the pressure medium and which is operated by the control circuit can be incorporated in the first part of the pressure medium power circuit to the driving element for the tilting device.
The present invention can be used for single dumping as well as for multiple dumping, for example, double or triple dumping, and the like, which is to say dumping in which two or more separately operable individual lifting and tilting devices or individual tilting devices are arranged next to each other. incorporated. In the same way, the present invention can be applied to so-called combination dumping operations, namely, those during which two or more individual lifting and tiltind devices or individual -tilting deviced are arranged adjacent to each other and can by ~:~5~9S9 choice be operated separately or t.ogether so -that -the individual lifting and tilting devices or individual tiltiny devices can be used separa-tely and independently oE each other for emptyillg smaller containers and the tot:ality of the lifting and tilting devices or til-~.ing devices can be used for emptying larger containers.
For use during combina-tion dumping operations one can foresee, within -the framework of the present invention, that the automa-tic sequence of the emptying process -takes place both during separate operationon all the individual lifting and tilting devices or individual tilting devices and an automatic sequence of the emptying process of a modified kind also takes place in combined operation of the lifting and tilting devices or the tilting devices. For simpler applications, however, the invent-ion offers the possibili-ty of providing the au-tomatic sequence of the emptying process only for operation as a single lifting and tiltind device or individual tilting device and providing an improved manual control operation for operation as a combination dumping device. This offers the advantage that the operator himself controls the emptying process during combination dumping and adapt himself to the factors of the individual case that are so much more marked in the case of larger containers.
Withill the framework of the presen-t inven-tion, a version is thus proposed in which two identical pressure medium power circuits are provided for each lifting alld til-ting device or tilting device, these being switchable in parallel and separately operable by means oE a cllangeover valve that. is conEigured as a shut-off and switching valve that can be operated elect:rically and if necessary manually, -this being connected, together with the control current circuits that are provided for each individual lifting and tilting device or individual tilting device, througll a common swi-tch, to a power source and which, when tlle switch is closed, is in the shut-off position. Because of the fact that there are in this version two separate control current circuits Eor both lifing and tilting devices or tilting devices, when the power source is connected, automatic emptying procedures can be completed witll both lifting and tilting devices or tilting devices, independen-tly of each other. On the other hand, if the two individual lif-ting and tilting or individual tilting devices are to be operated sychronously in order to empty larger containers, tlle au-toma-tic control system is shut down. In this case, the changeover valve that is situated between the two pressure medium power circuits is in such a position ~.hat. the pressure motors oE
both lifting and tilting or tilting devices are supplied from a common source of pressure medium. The shut-down of the automatic control sys~.em during joint operatiorl allows for the fact that with larger containers, the duration for the emptying process can vary very widely.

~5~

The economy of -tlle simple version of tlle inventiorl is not always provided by a fixed time constant of the time switch that determines the -time control for the sequence of movement:s. Other condi-tions result--as discussed below--i the filled weigllt of the container is determined by mearls of additional devices prior to emptying and this additional information is considered during automa-tic control of-the emptying process.
During the joint opera-tion of both individual lifting and tilting devices or individual tilting devices, wi-thin the context of ~lle presen-t invention it can be foreseen that in configuring the control valves for the pressure motors a second changeover valve can be arranged as two position valves in addition to the chaneover valve tha-t is arranged between the two pressure medium power circuits, this second changeover valve being controlled in the opposite manner to the first changeover valve and being incorporated in a ~ower circuit prior to -the connection o the pressure medium connecting line in the pressure medium supply line of the pressure motors. This means that simply by disconnecting the power source from the two control current circuits and the electrically operated control valves, e.g., by means of a main switch, the device for ~he joint operation of both lifting and tilting devices or tilting devices is ready Eor emptying large containers.

Since the oyerating personnel are occupied with fetching the next container -to be emptied while the automatic emptying process is going on, and the emptying process is completed without supervision, there have to be safety precautions to safeguard other par-ties, for example, passers-by. To this end, within the framework of tlle present invention, rmovable barriers can be provided on the side walls of the collector container, -these barriers being arranged in a safety position such as to block off the working area of the lifting ana tilting or the tilting aevice. ~ccording to the present invention, -these barrier elements are connected directly or indirectly to a shut-off valve that is in the pressure medium supply line of the pressure medium power circui-t or of ~he pressure medium power circuits, this being arranged in such a manner tha~.
the pressure medium supply to the power circuit(s) is only open when the barrier is in the safety position. This ensures that tlle automatic emptying of the containers is only possible when the barriers are closed.
Insofar as in one version of the presen-t inven-tion, during the joint operation of both lifting and tilting or tilting devices -to empty large containers the elec-trical control for au-tomatic operation is switched off, it is possible to do away with shutting down the power pressure medium circuit with the barriers are open, since ~uring manual operation an operator mus-t always be present during dumping, and this operator can assume responsibility for safety in the working area. Within -the framework of -the present inven-tion measures can be adopted so that the device can be switclled from positive securing of the working area by means of the barrier elements or eleimina-tion of -the safety provided by the barrier elements.
~ s an al-ternative to shutting down the pressure medium supply to t-.he power circuit(s), within the framework of the present inven-tion it is also possible that the barrier elements be connected to a main switch that is incorporated ahead of the electrical control circuit(s), this being inserted only when the barrier elements are in the safe-ty posi-tio~l.
The barrier elements can be config~red as drop arms -that are arranged on the side walls of the collector container such that -they can pivot and are connected t:o each other in the manner of a stirrup. ~'hese barriers can be operable by hand and held in tlle working and non-workiny positions by means of springs. However, it is also possible to operate the barrier elements by means of fluid motors.
In a special, fully automatic version of the device according to the present invention the con-trol current circuit is connected to a program and switching device that contains input devices for recognition da-ta, such as type, e-tc., of -the container that is -to be emp-tied, memories wi-th ~L2599~g data on the container -that is to be emptied, switching arrangements Eor determining the mos-t suitable manner of control for emptying the current container, and swi-tching devices for setting up -the control method tha-t has been determined on the electricl con-trol circui-t. In this version, the device according to the presen-t invention is for all practical purposes fully automatic. The recogni-tion data can be input by the operating personal using a keyboard, for example, by means of sensors or push-buttons.
~owever, it is also possible to use an optico=electrical reader and coded data on the container that is to be emptied as the input device for the recognition information in the area of the lif-ting and tilting or the tilting device. The coded data on the side fo the container tha-t is -to be emptied on each occasion will be moved past the reader with it is brought to the lifting and tilting or the tilting device. This means that all the necessary information will be read off the container automatically. The recognition data that is either inpu-t or read off the container will be compared in the program ànd switching device with stored data on the container that is to be emptied. The program and switching unit contains switching arrangements and circuits tha-t generate a proposal for con-trolling the device, this proposal being the most suitable for ernptying the container -that has been brought -to the device. 'l'he individual controls of the control method so established are then se-t on the elements oE the elect:ricl control circuit:.
The control circuit-then con-trols tl~e con-trol valves-that are ins-talled in the power pressure medium circuit is a suitable manner. Such a version of the device according -to the present invention can thus be used for emptying a nulnber of various container types, always provided tllat the necessary mechanical systems are available on -the dumping chute(s).
An advantageous further development of this fully-automatic version of -the present inven-tion lies in the fac-t that the electrical con-trol current- circuit and the valve control system contain additional interconnected elements to set the starting position of the lifting and tilting or tilting device most suitable for the particular container that is to be emptied, if necessary with a connection to a device that determines -the present fillea weight of the collector container. In practice, this addi-tional device means that once the height or the type of te container -that is to be emptied has been established, the lifting and tilting or the tilting frame is pre-set -to a suitable height. When this is done, the current filled weight of the collector container, for example, a gargabe truck, can be considered since--particularly in the case of a garbage truck--the collector container (the truck body) sinks lower on the springs of the vehicle as the filled ~LZ~ii99S9 weight increases. ~n especially favourable version of this additional device can be achieved in -that by using the reader discussed above, which reads off the identification markings from the side of -the container, i-t is also possible to read off da-ta concerning a suitable height adjustment for the tilting or lifting and tilting frame. This can be achieved in a particularly advantageous way if the electro-optical reader is attached directly to the til-ting frame or th lifting and tilting frame and moves with i-t during -the adjustment phase until such time as the proper adjustment vis-a-vis the height adjustment mark on the container is reached.
As further supplemental feature of the fully automatic version of the invention the electrical control current circuit and the valve control system can contain additiollal interconnect.ed elements to adjust the most sui-table emptying speed for the particular container that is to be emptied, if necessary with a connection ~o a device tha-t de-termines -the weight of the con-tainer tha-t is to be emptied. Normally--as is explained in the exemplary version that follows--when a large container is being emptied, half the emp-tying speed relative to emptying smaller containers is set. Elowever, using such an additional device additional changes and adaptations to the emptying speed can be made. ' ~ furt}ler supplemen~.al possibility for the above described fully automa-tic version of the present invention lies in the fact that a recordiny and print-out device ~or the identification data tha-t is picked off, at least tlle weigh-t of tlle container -that is to be emp-tied on each occasion, is connected to the program and switching unit.
This addition is of particular advantage when it is important to know the weigh~ of t~le ma~erial tha-t is dumped from the containers in-to the collector con-tainer. As an example, it is common practice in garbage removal to compute charges on the basis of tlle weight of tlle garbage tha-t is removed. ~n additional recording and print-out device -tllat records the pick-up loca-tion in the identification dat.a that is picked off and then prints this ou~., together with the weight of tlle par-ticular con-tainer contents provides immediate accounting documenta-tioin for garbage removal charges.
It can also be important to know the weight of the filled container and of the empty container for controlling the dumping operation itself itself. As an example, devices to determine -the weight of the container before and after the emptying process can be provided on the lifting and tilting or the -til-ting device, whereas -the program and switclling unit contains circui-ts to compare the nominal and actual values of the emp-ty weight of -the con-tainer, these being so configured -tha-t if the nominal value is exceeded by 1~

s~

a speciEic amou~ the electrical control current circuit generates a repeated tilting process in the form of shakirlg, while if necessary a device can also be pxovided such that if the actual weight is less than the nominal value an alarm is given and/or a correponding entry is made in-the recording device. The latter eventuality serves to protect the chute and t:he container that is to be emptied since a weight that is below the nominal value of the container weight means, generally speaking, that some parts of the container are missing and could have fallen down the chute.
The recording of such nominal value deficits in the weight of the container can be used as a basis for exchanging the particular container as quickly as possible.
Finally, within the context of the above discussed fully automatic exemplary version of t~le invention it is also possible to arrange optical and/or mechanical and/or magnetic sensors in the area of the lifting and tiltiny or of-the tilting device so as to determine the proper condition of the container that is to be emptied, and connect such devices with the program and switching unit such that the emptying process is only initiated providing the container is in proper condition and/or any deficiencies noted in the condition of the container are recorded in ~he registration device together with identifica-tion data. This additional device makes it possible to monitor -the condi-tion ~z~9~

oE t:lle containers each time they are emptied so that any deficiencies in their condition can be spot-ted promptly, checked out as to cause, and rectiEied.
Exemplary versions of the present invention are described in grea-ter detail on -the basis of -the drawings appended here-to. These drawings show tlle following:
Figure 1: A side view of a liEting and tilting device according to the present invention, Wit}l the barrier elemen-ts open, without a container that is to be emptied;
Figure 2: A side view of a lifting and tilting device similar to that in Figure 1, wi-th the barrier elements closed and a garbage container in position;
Figure 3: A schematic drawing of the hydraulic power and con-trol system for single dumping, as used in a device as in Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 4: A rear view oE an emptying device according -to the present invention used for combination dumping, i.e., with two lifting and tilting devices that can be used singly or in combina-tion, as desired, said devices being installed adjacent to each o-ther;
Figure 5: A schematic drawing of the hydraulic power and control system used for 2 double or twin dumping process;

125995~

Figure 6: A schematic drawin~ of the hydraulic power and control system used in the device as in Figure 4.
The examples shown in Figures 1 arld 2 are a lifting and tilting device used to empty garbage cans 1 into -t,he collector 2 of a garbage truck with a receiver section 3.
The receiver section 3 can be configured as a single chute or as a double chute or twin chute, in the latter case with two til-ting or lifting and tilting devices 4 that operate independently of each otller. The lifting and tilting device 4 has an arm 5 or a pair of arms 5 to which a lifting and tilting frame 6 is attached by means of a quadrila-teral linkage that is not shown llerein. Depending on tlle type of container 1 that is to be emptied,-the lifting and tilting frame in tllis example is fitted in its upper part with a carrier rail 7 that engages below tlle edge of the container 1 and in its lower part with a support 8 tha-t res-t:s against the side of the container 1. The cylinder and piston unit 9 that is shown schema-tically serves to raise and lower the lift and tilt frame 6. The con-tainer 1 is locked by-tlle edge of the container being pressed by the carrier rail 7 against the rest 10 that is a-ttached to -the arms 5. The arms 5 are powered by means of llydraulic cylinder-piston units 11 which in-the example that is shown are configured as pivot motors. The cylinder and pis-ton units 9 of -t.lle lifting device and the cylinder and pis-ton units 11 of -the pivot motors of each lifting and tilting device 4 are combined in a colmnon power pressure medium circuit (l'igure 3). This power pr~ssure medium circuit is laid out so -that at the start of operations the cylinder and pis-ton uni-t 9 of the lifting device and then -the cylinder and piston unit 11 of the pivot moto.^s of each lifting and til-ting device are pressurized. In -the examples that are shown in Figures 1 and 2 the switch 12 provided for switching on-the electrical controls for au-tomatic operation, which is operated by the container 1, is attatched to the side of the lifting and til-ting frame 6 that faces the side of the container, beneath the carrier rail 7. ~owever, i-t would also be possible to arrange this switch in another place on the lifting and tilting frame 6, for example, in the vicinity of the rest 8. Instead of a contact switch 12 it would also be possible -to use a light barrier or the like.
Since the numerous containers tllat are in use at the same time can be of very varied s~lapes, with considerable variations in the amount of slope in their side walls, it is recommended that in addition to -the switch 12 tha-t is operated by the container 1 there is also a manually operated switch 13 located at a place on the receiver IIOUSillY that can be easily reached by -the opera-tor. In the example t.hat is shown -this manually operated switch 13 is combined Wit}l the con-trol valve 36 tha-t is incorporated in the power pressure medium circuit in such a way -that bo~
parts have a common electromagnetic operating mechanism ~6a and a common manually operated switch 14. In this example, the manually operated switch 13 is conEigured as a magnetic sensor which, when the operating rod that passes axially through the electromagnetic operating device 36a and the control valve 36 approaches, moves from one switch position to the other.
In order to protect bystanders and passers-by, two barrier elements 15 are arranged so as to be able to pivot on the side walls of the garbage truck. These barrier elements can be arranged in the form of a stirrup on a common pivot shaft. ln the example in Figure 1 the barrier elements 15 can be moved manually from and in-to the safety position. They are held, once they have passed through a dead point, in their uppermost and lowest posi-tions by a restraining spring 15. In the example shown in Figure 2 a pressure motor 15a or a pair of pressure motors 15a are used to position the barrier elements 15. In the examples that are shown, the barrier elemen-ts 15 operate a switch 16 wllen in their safety position.
The operation of a device according -to E'igures 1 or 2, conEigured as a single chute device, is explained below on the basis of Figure ~:

~s~

A hydraulic system is provided to power the liEting and tilting device 4, and this is supplied from a pressure pump 33. ~ pressure line 34 runs from this pump :33 through a non-returrl valve 35 to a control valve 36 that is configured as a two-posi-tion valve. ~ pressure supply line 37 is connected to this control valve 36 and this passes to the pressure motors that are arranged in parallel, namely the lifting cylinder 9 and the tilting cylinder 11. A
pressure relief valve 38 with an operating element 39 is connected to the pressure supply line 37. A pressure relief line 40 passes from this pressure relief valve 38 to a pressure return valve 41 that is incorporated in -the pressure medium return line 42 so as to improve the return of the pressure medium and thus the rearwards movement of the cylinder and piston units 9 and 11. In addition, a bypass line 43 runs from the control valve 36 to the pressure medium return valve 41. l~he pressure medium return line 42 passes in-to a pressure medium reservoir 43a, from which the pressure medium pump 33 draws the amount of pressure medium required by the sys-tem and introduces it through the pressure line 34 into the pressure medium power circuit.
In order to con-trol the pressure medium power circuit a, conrol current circuit is provided, this consisting of the switch 12 that is mounted on the lifting and tilting frame and opera-ted by the container 12 and the time relay 45 ~hat is connected in series with this. This time relay 45 is connected to the elec-trical operating device for the changeover valve 36 of the pressure medium power circui-t.
The time constant of the time relay 45 is se-t-to such a-i-ime interval as is required by -the lif-tincl and til-ting device in order to lift, pivoi:, and empty the container.
If the switch 1~ is now opera-ted by a container that is to be emptied, and the control current circuit is -t:hereby connected to the power supply 44, in the exemplary version that is shown in the drawings there is an elec-trical contact between the power supply 44 and the elec-trical operating device for the changeover valve 36, t~liS being produced by the time relay 45 for a period of time that corresponds to its time constant. This results in the fact that the operating device holds the control valve 36 in its operating position agains-t -the force of the spring during the time that the current is flowing. If the control valve 36 has been brought to its working position, the pa-th of the pressure medium runs from the pressure medium pump 33 throuyh the pressure line 34 -to the pressure medium supply line 37 and from there to-the cylinder and piston units 9 and 11. The piston cross-sections of these two assemblies are so matched that depending on the starting power that is to be applied to the unit in question, t~le lifting cylinder 9 is more rugged than the pivot drive cylinder 11. Thus, ~ Z~35~

-the cylinder 9 is first activated until such time as tlle lifting process is almost finished and as a result of the smaller pressure increase that then occurs the tilting pllase is initiated by means oE tlle tilting cylinder 11. The pressure relief val~e 3~ that is shown in Figure 3 means that in the end tilt position a tilt limi-ting lever installed on the pivo-t shaft of the lifting and tiltiny device 4 and which is rotated according to i-ts displacement, comes into contact with its adjuster screw on the operating arm 39 of the pressure relief valve 38. The pressure relief valve, up to now in its closed position, it then brought to a partially open position against the force of the spring, to that pressure is released in the pressure supply line 37, through -the pressure relief line 40 t the pressure medium return valve 4. In the event of a sufficiently large control interval be-tweenthe operation of the relief valve 38 and the end position of the tilt limiting lever the presure relief valve 38 is then opened sufficiently for a large pressure drop -to take place in the pressure feed line 34.
This substantial drop in pressure permits the lifting and tilting device with the container tha-t is to be emptied to swing back by an amoun-t such that the pressure relief valve 38 is closed once again. lf the pressure medium changeover valve is still in the working position, the pressure medium that is still flowing will cause the lif-ting and tilting device to tilt once again until the adjus-ter screw of the 9.~g tilt limiting lever once again contac-ts -the operating element. 39 of the pressure relief valve 38 and thus -the drop ln pressure in the pressure medium supply line 37 with the pressure relief valve is open causes a corresponding rearward tilting of t.he lif~ and tilt device with the container that is to be emptied. In this way i-t is possible to generate a kind of shaking motion such as to ensure the complete emptying of the container.
The complete rearward tilting and placing of the container on the ground is initiated in that. after -the expiry of the selected time delay, the time relay 45 breaks the contact between the electrical operating device of the changeover valve 36 and the power supply 44, which means tllat the changeover valve is returned by its return spring to the res-t position. The pressure medium coming from the pressure source 33 through -the pressure line 34 then flows through the bypass line 43, through the return valve 41, when it thereby exerts a suction effect in the return line 42, thereby amplifying the return flow effect of the pressure medium flowing from the cylinders 9 and 11 through the pressure medium supply line 37 and the pressure medium return line 42.
As can also be seen in Figure 3, a valve 80 that interrupts or restricts the pressure medium supply rhythmically is incorporated in tthe path of the pressure ~.2~ '3 medium power circuit 37 to the cylinder and piston unit 11.
This valve~30 is switched on by the time relay 45 at a time when the tilting process has proceeded to a selec-ted extent.
~'his means that-tlle container will be shakerl gen-tly, t:his resulting in complete emptying of the con-tainer. The valve 80 is shut off by ttle time relay 45 when the rearward tilting motion is initiated.
In -the switcll shown in Figure 3, which is arranged in parallel to the switch 12 -tha-t is operated by the container 1 that is installed in the lif-ting and tilting Erame 6, what is involved is a manually operated switch for switching on the control current circuit, as is laid out, for example, in Figures 1 and 2.
If the emptying device is mounted on a garbage truck it is expedient to use-the vehicle batteries as the power supply 44. In the case of a stationary collector, it is also conceivable that the control current circuit can be connected to the power utility.
In addition to the control valve 36 that is shown in Figure 3 as a two-position valve, it is also possible to use a three-position valve with an operating, reverse, and rest position. In this case there will be a need for complicated construc-tional elements for -the control current circuit, or a costly operating element for a changeover valve of this kind, such as, for example, a second time relay -that, once the switch contacts have been opened by the first, i.e.,
2~

~2S~g once the container has been emptied, returns -the -three-position switch -to the reverse position by means of the operatiny device.
As is shown in ~igure 3, in the pressure medium line 34 there is a two-position shut-off valve 34a which, together with its electromagnetic operating device is connec-ted through ~.he switch 16 tha-t is operated by the barrier element 15 to the electrical con-trol current circuit. When the switch 16 is closed the shut-off valve 34a is moved to the position that. is shown in E~igure 3, in which it opens up the passage for the hydraulic pressure medium to the pressure medium line 34. When the switch 34 is open the shut-off valve 34a is moved by its spring to -the second position, in which a bypass line 43b that leads back to the pressure medium reservoir 43a is connected to the pressure side of the pump 33.
If the emptying device according to Figure 1 or Eigure -2 is configured as a twin- or double chute, i~e., with two adjacent lifting and tilting devices 4, then two identical control systems can be provided as in Figure 3. Ilowever, it is preferable -to use a control system as in Figure 5. ~ith a control layout as in Figure 5, the method of operation oE
the twin or double chute is as follows. The corresponding elements from ~'igure 3 and Figure 5 bear the same reference numbers, although in Figure 4 tllis also bear the:Letters a) and b).
ln the version-that is shown in Figure 5 which is of a double chute, bo-th of the pressure medium power circuits have a common pressure pump that is followed by a pressure medium flow spli-tter 46 that is independent of pressure, so that each pressure medium power circuit has a dedicated source of pressure medium. Also, in the example shown in Figure 5 it is expedient-tollave a dedicated power supply 44 Eor each control current circuit.
Unlike the single lifting and tilting device that is used in Figure 3 the control current circui-t of each of the two single lifting and tilting devices does no-t work directly on the control valves 36a, 3~b of the power pressure medium circuit, but controls a pneumatic control pressure medium circuit. Each of these two con-trol pressure medium circuits consists oE a changeover valve 47a, 47b -that is fitted for manual opera-tion and connec-ted to the corresponding control current circui-t, and is connec-ted to a supply line 4~a, 48b. This pneumatic control pressure medium line 4~a, 4~b is connected to an opera-ting cylinder 49a, 49b that is acted on by a return spring, and the pis-tOIl rod 50a, 50b of these serve as-the opera-ting element for the ' control valve 36a, 36b. A common pressure medium source 50 is provided for bo-th pneumatic con-trol pressure medium
3~

~2~ ;9 circui-ts, and tllis source is connected through the branch lines 51a, 51b to the pneumatic valves 47a, 47b. ln a garbage truck -the pressure source tha-t is used for the vehicle brake system can be used for the pressure source 50.
If a container that is -to be empt:ied is now set on the lifting and tilting frame of one of these single dumping chutes and the time relay 45a, 45b activated, the pneuma-tic valve 47a, 47b is held in-the switch position for the period of time set by the time relay 45a, 45b, so tha-t the pneumatic cylinder 49a, 49b is acted UpOII by -the compressed air that flows from -the pressure source 50, -through -the control pressure medium lines, the control valve 36a, 36b of the corresponding power pressure medium circuit beiny moved to the opera-ting posi-tion thereby. This means that the supply of pressure medium to the hydraulically operated operating cylinders 9a, lla, or 9b, llb will be release~ and the emptying process will begin. The tilt-back and set-down process of the lifting and tilting frame with the now empty container is comple-ted because of the fact tha-t the time relay 45a, 45b interrupts the power circui-t between the pneumatic valve 47a, 47b tha-t is fitted for electrical operation and the power supply 44. This brings the pneurnatic valve 47a, 47b into the neutral position by the actio of its spring, so that the pneumatic pressure source 50 is disconnec-ted frm the pressure medium con-trol circuit.

~.2~ 1S~1 ~ecause of tlle pres~ure drop -that -takes place in the supply line 4~a, 48b ~he piston of -th pneumatic cylinder 49a, ~;9b, that is acted upon by the ret:urn force of a spring, is moved to the rest position, which means that t.he con-trol valve 36a, 3Gb of the power pressure medium circui-t is moved to the rest position by the piston rod 50a, 50b.
system.
The emptying device that is shown in ~'igure 4 is a so-called combination chute by means of which i-t is possible to empty both smaller and larger garbage cont:ainers. To tllis end there are two adjacen-t lifting and tilting devices 17a, 17b on the rear of a receiver chute system l~. These -two lifting and tilting devices 17a, 17b are powered by means of dedicated cylinder and piston units (not shown~ with separate pressure medium power circuits, so that -these can be operated singly in order -to empty smaller containers. In single opera-tion, the method of opera-tion of the combination chute receiver is comparable with the two single chutes as has been described above. The lift-ing device of each single lifting and tilting device consists of the familiar quadrilateral system that is combined with the back plate 20a, 20b of the lifting and tilting frame 21a, 21b. The container is locked by the edge of tlle container being pressed by the carrier rails 22a, 22b against -the back plate 24a, 24b that is a-ttached at the ends of the arms 23a, 23b.
In order to empt:y large containers, i.e., by synchronized operation of t:he two individual chutes 17a, 17b a combine(:l supportirlg and connec-ting beam is at-tached, e.g., by bolts, to the carrier rails 22a, 22b. In the example that is showrl, this carrier and support beam has -tooth-like projections 26a, 26b arranyed at intervals on its upper surface so tllclt it can grip containers such as garbage cans that have various upper edge confiyurations. In addition, there could also be a buffer 27, indicated by dashea lines, arranyed as desired between the two counter supports 20a, 20b.
In order to empty a conventional larye garbaye contailler having lugs fi~.-ted to its sides, in the version selected in Figure 2 on the two lif-ting and tiltiny frames 21a, 21b there are in addition two pivotting arms 28a, 28b that have lifting claws 29a, 29b for the luys that are fit-ted to the container.
Since the time required to empty a large container can vary very considerably, so tha-t during electrical control of the movement sequence by a set time constant for the valve control of the power pressure medium circuit i-t may be necessary un(ler certain circumstances to use a double emptying procedure, it is arranged that ~.he elec-trical control for -the automatic operation is only switched on during single operation of the two lif-ting and tilting devices 17a, 171~. For this reason a dedicated control current circuit is assigned t.o the power pressure medium 'lS9 circuits of the two single lifting and til-ting devices. lt is expedient -that t:he switch that is operated by -the container and used-to switch on the control sequence is so positioned on the lifting and t:ilting frame 21a, 21b tilat it does not come into contact with the sides of the contairler when the connecting and supporting beam 25 is ins-talled, i.e., when the combination chute is converted for synchronized operation of the sirlgle chutes for emptying larger containers.
Because of the various shapes of the containers it is, however, reco~mnended tha-t an additional main switch by provided to switch off the electrical control circui-t during the simultaneous operation of the two chutes 17a, 17b in order to emp-ty a large container; this addi-tional switch can be so configured and mounted that when the connecl:ing and supporting beam 25 is installed, or other connec-ting elements are installed between the two lifting and til-ting devices 21a, 21b it is brought into the position in which the automatic control is switched off. In this case the two power pressure medium circuits of the two lifting and -tilting devices 17a, 17b are connected to each other by means of the changeover valves such tha-t tileir pressure motors are in parallel and supplied from a single pressure source. ln order to ini-tiate the emptying process, one of the two hand operating switches 31a, 31b ~hat are at-tached to the chute housing must be opera~ed. ~t -the same time, :~2~

this manually operated switch serves t:o provide manual control of the lifting and tilting devices 17a, 17b during the single operation oE the chutes, i.e., when the -two pressure medium circui-ts are separated, in the event that electrical control for au-tomatic oyera-tion should ever fail.
For the case that -the container installed in the lifting and tilting frame 21a, 21b should fail to operate the switch 30a, 30b there are on the collector housing -two deten-t-locking manually operated switches 32a, 32b. In -this case, once the garbage can has been installed, only one opera-tion will be needed, after which the emptying process will proceed automatically, so that the operator is no-t bound to the device during-this period, as he is during manual control of the emptying process.
The manner in which such a device works is described below on the basis of Figure 6:
Figure 6 is a schematic drawing of a hydraulic power system and an electrical control systeln for a combined dumping chute as is shown in Figure Z. As in the drawing of a hydraulic system for a twin dump chute as in Figure 4, in this combina-tion chute -there are two hydraulic power pressure medium circuits, although these can be combined or separated from each other by means of a changeover valve 53, , as desired. Facll of these pressure medium circuits has a dedicated pressure medium source which, in the example that ~2~

is shown can be configured in each ins-tance by a branch line 54a, 54b of a flow splitter 54, tha-t is independent of pressure, in conjunction Witll a pressure pump 55 -that is arranged ahead of this flow splitter. In each power pressure medium circuit a pressure medium line 56a, 56b leads from this presi3ure medium source 54a, 54b through a non-return valve 57a, 57b to -the chang~eover valve 52a, 52b in question. This changeover valve 52a, 52b is connected to a bypass line 58a, 58b, in the neutral position, and this is connected througll a pressure medium return valve 59a, 59b on the pressure medium return line 60a, 6Ub. In the working position, this changeover valve 52a, 52b is connec-ted to a pressure medium supply line 61a, 61b that supplies the hydraulic working medium to the pressure motors 62a, 63a or 62b, 63b that are in parallel.
In addition, in the version that is shown in Figure 6, in the pressure medium supply line 61a, between its connection t the pressure medium connec~or line 64 of the two pressure medium circuits and the control valve 52a there is a changeover valve 65 that is only in the shut-off position during synchronized operation of bo-th chu-tes. All the other constructional elements of -the two power pressure medium circuits and the control current circuits are arrangedin the same manner. ~s can be seen from Figure 5, connected to each pressure medium supply line 61a, 61b there is a pressure relief valve 66a, 66b wi-th an opera-ting element 67a, 67b. ~ressure relief lines 68a, 68b pass from these pressure relief valves 66a, 66b t.o -the pressure medium valves 59a, 59b. The control of the pressure medium power circuits takes place as in the version shown in Figure 3, by direct action on the changeover valves 52a, 52b that are fitted for elec-trical operation.
In each instance the electrical control circui-ts consist of a time relay 69a, 69b, an operating switcll 70a, 70b tha-t is mounted on the lifting and-tilting frame of each individual chute, and a manual operating element 71a, 71b that is parallel to these. In order to ensure that in an unsecured working area the automa-tic control of both individual chutes is put out of operation there is a switch 74 in the common connector line 72 of both control current circuits with the power supply 73, said switch being operated by the barrier elements when -they are in the safety position. ~etween this switch contact 74 and the power supply 73 there is also a locking switch 75. As can be seen from Figure 5, the changeover valve 53 in the connector line 64 of the two pressure medium circuits and the changeover valve 65 in only one pressure medium circuit supply line 61a is ~itted for electrical operation and connected, together wi-th the control current circuits to t.he power supply 73. ~oth changeover valves 53 and 65 are switched oppositely such that in single operation of both chu-tes -the changeover 9~

valves 65 is in-the open position. In this case ~ e swit:ch 75 is closed, i.e., unlocked. If, on the other lland,-tlle lock is applied or tlle connecting and supporting beam is installed, and the swi-tch contact 75 opened, then the changeover valve 65 incorporated in the pressure medium supply line Gla moves under the action oE the spring to the closed position and the changeover valve 53 in the connector line 64 moves under the action of the spring to the open position which puts all the pressure medium assemblies 62a, 62b, 63a, 63b in parallel and the emptyillg device is ready for synchrorlized opera-tion of both single chutes so as to empty a large container. In order to switch on the pis-ton assemblies of both chutes -the changeover valve 52b in the version that is shown in-the illustration must be manually operated by means of the element 76b. Then both lifting cylinders 63a, 63b and both -tilting cylinders 62a, 62b will be supplied with identical pressure mediun~ flows as in the case of individual control, only one lifting cylinder 63a and one tilting cylinder 62a.
In the example in Figure 6, because of-the version of the changeover valve 52a, 52b as a two-position valve for the joint operation of both chutes the arrangement of a changeover valve in the pressure medium supply line 61a of a pressure medium circuit is needed. I-t would also be possible to configure the pressure medium changeover valves 52a and 52b as three-position valves for null-, raise- and 3~

~5~9~

lower positions, so that this additional changeover valve 65 would be eliminated and the joint operation of the two lifting and tilting devices could be achieved by operat:ing the left-hand as well as the right-hand changeover valves 52a, 52b. ~t any rat:e, in the case of a changeover valve configured as a three-position switch, a more costly electrical operating device would be :required so as to permit the automatic operation of bo-th chu-tes during single operation.
Apart from tlle exemplary versions tha-t are shown it is also possible-to create a fully automatic emptying device within the framework of the present invention, with which i-t is possible to empty containers of any size automatically.
Such a fully-automated emptying device is, for example, provided with a program and switching unit, into which identification data such as type, size, location of the container to be emptied are input. In addition, such a fully automa-ted device has a memory in its control system, and this contains data concerning the container tha-t is earmarXed to be emptied. By this means a comparison can be made within the circuits between the identification data that has been inpu-t and the data already stored therein. On the basis of t:his comparison of the identifica-tioll data that has been inpu-t, and -the data already in -the memory, a suitable emptying procedure or control sequence for the ~.5~5~3 container in ~uestion is prepared and set in the appropriate control elementsof the emptying device. Using such a fully automatic emptyiny device it is possible to bring the lifting and tilting or the til-ting frame into a suitable position for emptying t.he container evetn before t.he emptying process is initiated. The emptying speed can be selected beforehand. All the parameters of the emptying process can be selected in advance and set by the use of tiliS fully automatic device, on the basis of the data on the iden-tified container, and of its con-tents. In addition such a fully automa-tic device can include a device that monitors the weight of the container that has been emp-tied, -that refers back to tile emptying control sequence and repeats -the emptying process if the weigil-t of the empty container still exceeds the nominal value, which is to say that the container has no-t been emptied completely.
Finally, recording and print-out devices can be incorporated in such a fully automatic emptyirlg device, and these can identify the container that has been emptied and determine the weight of the contents removed from each container, as well as any damage or other irregularities in the container that ihas been emptied.
4~

Claims (54)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A device for emptying containers, in particular garbage containers, into a collector, in which a lifting and tilting device or tilting device adapted to be actuated by at least one fluid actuated motor includes a frame adapted to hold the container that is to be emptied, each pressure motor being controlled by a valve in a pressure medium control circuit, said valve including an operating mechanism connected to an electrical control circuit containing a time switch adapted to determine the valve control timing for the sequence of movements for the empty-ing of the container, said electrical control circuit for the valve containing a switch element adapted to initiate the sequence of movements, said switch being arranged to be operated by the container installed on the frame, said electrical control circuit is connected to a program and switching unit that con-tains input devices for identification data of the particular container to be emptied, memories for data on the containers to be emptied, circuits for determining the the of control suitable for emptying the container, and circuits for setting the control method so determined on the control circuit.
2. A device according to claim 1, in which an optico-electrical reader for identification markings on the side of the containers to be emptied is arranged as in input device for the identification data and tilting device or the tilting device.
3. A device according to claim 2, in which at least one of the pressure medium and the electrical control circuits and the valve contain additional interconnected elements for setting the initial position of the lifting and tilting or tilting frame suitable for the container to be emptied, when required, with a connection to a device that determines the filled weight of the collector.
4. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which at least one of the pressure medium and the electrical control cir-cuits and the valve contain additional interconnected elements for determining the emptying speed suitable for the particular container to be emptied, if necessary with a connection to a device that determines the weight of the container to be emptied.
5. A device according to claim 1, including a record-ing and printout device for the identification data that is picked off and at least the filled weight of the particular con-tainer to be emptied is connected to the program and switching device.
6. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which devices to determine the weight of the container before and after the emptying process are provided on the lifting and tilting device or the tilting device and the program and switching unit contains circuits to compare the nominal and actual values for the empty weight of the container, to cause at least one of the pressure medium and the electrical control circuits to start another emptying process in the form of a shaking motion when the actual value exceeds the nominal value by a specific amount, and if necessary devices are provided adapted, when the actual weight is below the nominal value, to trigger an alarm or cause an app-ropriate entry to be made by a recording device.
7. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which devices to determine the weight of the container before and after the emptying process are provided on the lifting and tilting devices or the tilting device, and the program and switching unit contains circuits to compare the nominal and actual values of the empty weight of the container, such that when the nominal value exceeds the actual value by a specified amount, the valve is switched on so as to interrupt or restrict the supply of pressure medium to the fluid actuated motors of the tilting device in a rhythmical manner.
8. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which in the area of the lifting and tilting device or the tilting device there are at least one of optical, mechanical and magnetic sen-sors to determine the proper condition of the container to be emptied, said sensors being connected to the program and switch-ing unit such that the emptying process can only be initiated providing the container that is to be emptied is serviceable or shortcomings in the condition of the container have been recorded in a recording device together with the identification data for the particular container to be emptied.
9. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the switch element is a contact switch adapted to operate in conjunc-tion with parts of the container.
10. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the switch element comprises at least one non-contact type sensor which operates in conjunction with parts of the container.
11. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the switch element includes at least one light barrier which operates in conjunction with the container.
12. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the switch element is provided with a wireless transmitter, a receiver for the wireless signals being incorporated in the con-trol circuit.
13. A device according to claim 1, also including a manually operated switch adapted to switch on the sequence.
14. A device according to claim 13, in which the manu-ally operated switch is attached to the operating mechanism of the valve, and a common manual operating element is provided for the manually operated switch and the valve.
15. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which an electrical circuit for the timing of the valve is provided to control the return of the tilting device or the lifting tilting device on release of the switch element by the container.
16. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the switch element is arranged to be held by the container in the closed position, and the time switch being arranged to immedi-ately change into its control position for guiding the tilting device or the lifting tilting device back into its starting posi-tion when the switch element is released.
17. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the valve includes a pressure operating device connected to a control pressure medium circuit, that contains a changeover valve adapted for electrical or manual operation and is connected to a pressure medium source, which is connected to a dedicated control on the time switch.
18. A device according to claim 17, in which the pres-sure medium operating device of the valve is a working cylinder, the piston rod of which serves as the operating element of the valve and is biassed by a spring return device.
19. A device according to claim 17 or 18, in which the valve is a control valve for a neutral and a working position and in the neutral position is switched to a bypass line connected to a return line of the circuit.
20. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which during hydraulic operation of the tilting device a valve that rhythmically interrupts or restricts the supply of pressure medium and is operated by the electrical control circuit is incorporated in a first portion of the pressure medium control circuit.
21. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, for emptying containers of different sizes, in which two single lifting and tilting devices or tilting devices are arranged adjacent to each other, these being operable either separately or together as desired, two identical pressure medium power circuits are pro-vided for the pressure motor of each lifting and tilting or tilt-ing device, the pressure medium power circuits being connectable in parallel or to be separate by a changeover valve in the form of a shutoff or switch valve and which is fitted for either elec-trical or manual operation and which is connected, together with the electrical control circuit provided for each single lifting and tilting device or tilting device, through a common switch to a power supply and which is in the closed position when the switch is in the closed position.
22. A device according to claim 21, in which a second changeover valve is provided that is controlled oppositely to the first changeover valve and is incorporated in one of the two pressure medium control circuits of the hydraulic system upstream of the connection of the pressure medium connector line of the pressure motors.
23. A device according to claim 1, in which on the side walls of the collector there are barrier elements that can be moved into safety positions that close off the working area of the lifting and tilting device or the tilting device, these bar-rier devices being connected with a shutoff valve located in the pressure medium supply line of the pressure medium control cir-cuit such that the pressure medium supply to the pressure medium control circuit is opened only when the barrier elements are in the safety position.
24. A device according to claim 23, in which the shut-off valve includes an electrical monitoring device that permits shutoff only when the electrical control for automatic operation is switched on.
25. A device according to claim 24, in which the shut-off valve is held in the closed position by means of a spring device and is moveable to the open position by means of an oper-ating device that overrides the spring device.
26. A device according to claim 25, in which the shut-off valve is provided with a selector which in one of its posi-tions holds the shutoff valve in the open position for the pres-sure medium to the pressure medium control circuit regardless of the position of the barrier elements.
27. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which on the side wall of the collector there are barrier elements move-able to a rest or a safety position, these barrier elements hav-ing a switch which is a main switch in the electrical supply line ahead of the electrical control circuit and which is closed only when the barrier elements are in the safety position.
28. A device according to claim 23, 24 or 25, in which the barrier elements are in the form of drop-type barriers and are mounted on the side of the collector so as to permit them to pivot.
29. A device according to claim 23, 24 or 25, in which pressure motors are provided to move the barrier elements into the safety position and the rest position.
30. A device for emptying containers, particularly garbage containers, into collectors, in which a lifting and tilt-ing device or a tilting device powered by at least one fluid actuated motor including a frame adapted to hold the container to be emptied, each pressure motor being controlled by a valve in a pressure medium control circuit, said valve including an operat-ing mechanism connected to an electrical control circuit contain-ing a time switch determining the valve control timing for the sequences of movements for the emptying of the container, said time switch being connected to a switch element for its operation and for starting the control sequence, the switch element con-nected to the time switch being located in the attachment region for the container to be emptied, and connected to the frame and provided with operating devices that respond to the container attached at any given time and the operating region being secur-able in the periphery of the tilting device or lifting and tilt-ing device by barriers having a blocking effect on the control circuit.
31. A device according to claim 30, wherein the switch element connected to the time switch has an operating device that responds to mechanical contact with the attached container.
32. A device according to claim 30, wherein the switch element connected to the time switch is a non-contacting sensor type that is actuated by an attached container.
33. A device according to claim 32, wherein the switch element connected to the time switch is a part of a light barrier actuated by an attached container.
34. A device according to claim 30, 31 or 32, compris-ing a manually operable control valve, the pressure medium con-trol valve being operable by the time switch and also manually.
35. A device according to claim 30, 31 or 32, wherein an electric control circuit for timing the valve control is pro-vided and is such that, on releasing the switch element operated by the attached container the tilting device or the lifting and tilting device is guided back into its starting position.
36. A device according to claim 30, 31 or 32, wherein the switch element operated by the container is such as to be held by the container attached to the tilting device or lifting and tilting device in a closed position and the time switch pro-vided in the control circuit is such that on opening the switch element operated by the container the time switch immediately changes into its control position for returning the tilting device or lifting and tilting device into its starting position.
37. A device according to claim 30, wherein on the side walls of the collector container there are provided barrier ele-ments that are mechanically movable into a safety position later-ally blocking the operating region in the circumference of the lifting and tilting device or tilting device.
38. A device according to claim 37, wherein the control mechanism of the tilting device or lifting and tilting device has at least one control circuit containing the switch element, an electric switch being assigned to the barrier elements, said switch, as the main switch, being disposed in the electrical feed line ahead of the control circuit and being inserted only in the safety position of the barrier elements.
39. A device according to claim 37, wherein the barrier elements are barrier-like levers and are swingably disposed on the side walls of the collector container.
40. A device according to claim 39, wherein fluid actu-ated motors are provided for adjusting elements in the safety position and in the neutral position.
41. A device for emptying refuse bins into a collecting container, said device comprising in combination a tipping frame for holding a refuse bin, said tipping frame being movable bet-ween a first, bin-receiving position and a second, bin-emptying position, a source of pressurized fluid, a fluid-actuated motor for shifting said tipping frame between said first and second positions, valve means connected with said source of pressurized fluid and said fluid-actuated motor for controlling the shifting movement of the tipping frame between said first and second posi-tions, by the fluid-actuated motor, said valve means comprising an actuating mechanism, a timer for controlling the actuating mechanism of the valve means, switch means responsive to place-ment of a refuse bin on the tipping frame for automatically ini-tiating operation of the timer, said timer being characterized by a predetermined timing interval, said interval being at least sufficiently long to enable the fluid-actuated motor to shift the tipping frame from its first position to its second position after operation of the timer is initiated by the switch means, said timer, upon expiration of said timing interval, effecting movement of the actuating mechanism of the valve means to a posi-tion causing said tipping frame to return to its first, bin-receiving position.
42. A device according to claim 41, wherein said switch means is operated by mechanical engagement with a part of the refused bin.
43. A device according to claim 41, including a manu-ally-operable switch separate from said first-mentioned switch means, said manually-operable switch being connected to the said timer in parallel to said first-mentioned switch means.
44. A device according to claim 43, wherein said manu-ally-operable switch is disposed on the actuating mechanism of the valve means and has an exposed lever by which it can be oper-ated.
45. A device according to claim 41, including a pair of barrier elements pivotally mounted on the lateral walls of the collecting container which can be moved into a safety position in which they block off laterally the area around the tipping frame.
46. A device according to claim 45, including a shut-off valve interposed between the source of pressurized fluid and the valve means and an electrical switch connected with said shut-off valve, said shut-off valve being closed and preventing movement of the tipping frame when the barrier elements are not in their safety positions.
47. A device according to claim 46, wherein said shut-off valve has biasing means maintaining it normally in a shut-off condition.
48. A device according to claim 45, including a fluid-actuated motor connected with the barrier elements for moving them toward and away from their safety position.
49. A device according to claim 41, wherein said timer effects movement of the actuating mechanism of the valve means to a position causing said tipping frame to return to its first, bin-receiving position in the event that the switch means is opened during the said predetermined timing interval.
50. A device according to claim 41, including a rever-sing valve hydraulically connected to the pressurized fluid source and electrically interposed between the timer and the valve means, said reversing valve having a manually engageable member enabling it to be manually operated, so as to permit by-passing of the said timer.
51. A device according to claim 41, wherein said pres-surized fluid source comprises a pressure fluid reservoir, a pressure fluid pump and a pressure fluid feed line extending from said pressure fluid pump to said valve means, a pressure fluid supply line extending from said fluid-actuated motor to said valve means, a first pressure fluid return line extending from said valve means to said pressure fluid reservoir, a second pressure fluid return line extending from said pressure fluid supply line to said pressure fluid reservoir and including a pressure relief valve arranged to be normally in closed position and to be moved into its open position when the said tipping frame comes into its bin-emptying position, and a by-pass line extending from said valve means to said pressure fluid reservoir, said valve means, during movement of said tipping frame toward its bin-emptying position, connecting said pressure fluid feed line with said pressure fluid supply line and said by-pass line with said first pressure fluid return line, or connecting said pressure fluid feed line with said by-pass line and said pressure fluid supply line with said first pressure fluid return line for venting the fluid into said pressure fluid reservoir from said pressure fluid pump and from said pressure fluid-actuated motor during movement of the tipping frame toward its bin-receiving position.
52. A device according to claim 51, including a valve disposed between the fluid actuated motor and source of pressuri-zed fluid for rhythmically interrupting the fluid pressure app-lied to the fluid-actuated motor so as to vibrate the refuse bin while it is tilted and thereby assist in the emptying thereof into the container.
53. A device for emptying refuse bins into a collecting container, said device having two tipping frames adapted to hold two refuse bins, respectively and having two fluid-actuated motors respectively operating said frames and controlled by two valves in a hydraulic pressure source, said valves each being connected with an actuating mechanism, each of the latter being operated by a control circuit having a timing device regulating the opening and closing of the respective valve, in which each of the control circuits contains a switch for initiating the control sequence, said switches being actuated when the refuse bin is placed on either tipping frame of the emptying device, and an additional valve for selectively connecting the fluid-actuated motors in parallel and to the hydraulic pressure source when it is desired that the frame operate in synchronism together.
54. A device according to claim 53, in which there are two hydraulic lines connected to the pressure source and having a common junction, and a second reversing valve which is controlled inversely to the first reversing valve is provided and is inser-ted in one of the two hydraulic lines of the hydraulic system upstream of the junction of the hydraulic lines with respect to the pressure source for the motors.
CA000474757A 1984-02-20 1985-02-20 Device for emptying containers, especially garbage containers Expired CA1259959A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19843405997 DE3405997A1 (en) 1984-02-20 1984-02-20 DEVICE FOR EMPTYING CONTAINERS, IN PARTICULAR WASTE CONTAINERS
DEP3405997.0 1984-02-20

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US (1) US4722656A (en)
EP (2) EP0173727A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07112881B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE35122T1 (en)
AU (1) AU573811B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1259959A (en)
CS (1) CS275990B6 (en)
DD (1) DD233355A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3405997A1 (en)
ES (1) ES8606174A1 (en)
GR (1) GR850433B (en)
PT (1) PT79991B (en)
WO (1) WO1985003689A2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA851246B (en)

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ATE35122T1 (en) 1988-07-15
DE3405997C2 (en) 1987-01-08
US4722656A (en) 1988-02-02
AU573811B2 (en) 1988-06-23
JPH07112881B2 (en) 1995-12-06
ES8606174A1 (en) 1986-04-16
WO1985003689A3 (en) 1985-10-24
EP0173727A1 (en) 1986-03-12
PT79991B (en) 1986-10-28
EP0156445B1 (en) 1988-06-15
PT79991A (en) 1985-03-01
ZA851246B (en) 1985-10-30
CS8501162A2 (en) 1991-06-11
AU4111285A (en) 1985-09-10
GR850433B (en) 1985-05-13
DE3405997A1 (en) 1985-08-22
JPS61501266A (en) 1986-06-26
DD233355A5 (en) 1986-02-26
EP0156445A2 (en) 1985-10-02
CS275990B6 (en) 1992-03-18
WO1985003689A2 (en) 1985-08-29
EP0156445A3 (en) 1986-03-19
ES540519A0 (en) 1986-04-16

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