CA1257702A

CA1257702A - Method of continuously measuring a successively conveyed lengthy body

Info

Publication number: CA1257702A
Application number: CA000489791A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Torahiko Hayashi
Original assignee: Rheon Automatic Machinery Co Ltd
Current assignee: Rheon Automatic Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date: 1984-08-31
Filing date: 1985-08-30
Publication date: 1989-07-18
Also published as: ES546576A0; KR900007288B1; KR870002440A; JPH0332003B2; EP0174168B1; EP0174168A1; US4905512A; ES8700432A1; DD237894A5; AU4649885A; ATE36068T1; JPS6161004A; DE3564032D1; NZ213158A

Abstract

ABSTRACT

METHOD OF CONTINUOUSLY MEASURING A
SUCCESSIVELY CONVEYED LENGTHY BODY

A method of continuously measuring a successively conveyed lengthy body. Light sensors are located above and laterally of the conveying path of a conveyor and measure the distances from the sensors to various points on the surfaces of the lengthy body while being conveyed. The sectional area of the body is then calculated by a computer, and further the weight of the body is calculated. Various kinds of light sensors are applicable to the method of this invention.

Description

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METHOD OF CONTINUOUSLY M~ASURING A
SUCCESSIVELY CONVEYED LENGTHY BODY

Back~round bf the present Invention 1 Field of the Invention .
The present invention relates to the measurement of the volume or weight of a successively conveyed lengthy body, and particularly to a method of measuring distances from a sensor or sensors to various points on the surface of a successively conveyed lengthy body on a conveyance path and calculating a sectional area thereby obtaining the volume or weight of the body per unit length. The present invention further relates to a method of measuring distances from sensors to the surfaces of the lengthy dough body which is successively conveyed in the production o bread or confectionery products, calculating the sectional area o~ the body, and then calculating the volume or weight of the body without using any conventional mechanical method.

2. Description of Prior Art The measurement of the weight of a body which is successively conveyed has conventionally been made by various methods, for instance, a balance method, a spring expansion and compression method, and a strain meter method. Apparatuses using these ` ~.

, -~1 2r5 77(~

methods are disposed midway of a conveyor by which a body to be measured is carried, and weight measurements per unit length of the body are integrated to obtain the weight value of the body of a required length.
These mechanical methods have proved to be satisfactory, to a certai~ extent, when a powdery or granular material is conveyed. ~lowever, none of them could attain accurate measurements because the torque in the conveying direction caused by the conveyance of the material influences the measurement of the weight. Further, it is theoretically impossible for these methods to measure a lengthy rigid body.
Japanese Patent Early-Publication (KOKAI TOKKYO KOHO) No.
14128/S5 teaches an apparatus for measuring the weight of massive substance, in which an X-ray generator and aligned X-ray linear sensors are oppositely disposed. The massive substance to be measured is moved relative to the X-ray generator and the X-ray linear sensors detect the X-rays transmitted through the massive substance thereby computing the weight of the massive substance.
This apparatus is based on a theory that the amount of transmitted X-rays depends on the mass of substance through which X-rays are transmitted, so that rapid and accurate measurement is expected.
There is no teaching in this prior art publication that the apparatus can also be used in the measurement of lengthy bodies.
Again, a specially designed cover is required to protect the ~L~577~

~-r~y generator from the leakage of X-rays, and X-ray linear sensors should also be d;sposed underneath the massive substance in alignment. Furthermore, in view of safty, the apparatus of the prior art is not applicable to the measurement of food, for example, dough or confectionery.
Summary of t~he Invention I~ is an object of the present invention to provide a method of continuously measuring a successively conveyed lengthy body by providing sensors to measure the distance between the sensors and the surface of the body. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of con~inuously measuring a successively conveyed lengthy body by providing sensors above and laterally of the body to accurately measure the distance from the sensors and the surface of the body and calculating the sectional area and in turn the volume and furthermore the weight of the body.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method of measuring a successively fed lengthy body, by which a ~uantitative feeding of, for instance, a pasty product material into a dividing station in the process of making bread or a product to be cooked can be satisfactorily conducted. It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a method of continuously measuring a successively fed lengthy body, by which the weight of a raw material or an elongate solid material is ~25t7~

measured and the material is divided into portions of desired weight.
In one aspect of this invention, a method of continuously measuring a successively conveyed lengthy body is provided, which comprises moving a sensor back and forth in a horizontal and transverse direction above the conveying path of a conveyor from one side to the other, operating the sensor to measure the dist~nce from the sensor to various points on the surfaces of a lengthy body while being conveyed on the conveyor, calculating the height of the lengthy body at each point measured, calculating the sectional area of each section of the lengthy body comprising the points measured, and calculating the volume of a fraction of the body by multiplying the sectional area by a predetermined length of the fraction of the body.
I~n another aspect of this invention, a method of continuously measuring a successively conveyed lengthy body is provided, which comprises operating a plurality of sensors to measure the distances ~rom the sensors to various points on the surfaces of a lengthy body while being conveyed on a conveyor, the plurality of sensors being disposed in a horizontal and transverse direction above the conveying path of the conveyor, calculating the height of the lengthy body at each point measured, calculating the sectional area of each section of the lengthy body comprising the points measured, and calculating the volume of a fraction of the body by - s ~ 577(~

multiplying the sectional area by a predetermined length of the fraction of the body.
Various kinds of sensors are applicable to the present invention. For example, an infrared ray sensor composed of an infrared ray generator and an infrared ray sensing element may be utilized.~ This infrared ray sensor works as a unit~ so that it can attain measurement of distances without the help of any other sensing elements. Similarly, by utilizing ultraviolet ray sensors, visible light sensors, or laser beam sensors, which also work as a unit as light or beam generators and light or beam sensing elements, a simple and accurate method of measuring distances between the sensors and the surfaces of the successively conveyed lengthy body is realized.
Thus, according to the present invention, the volume or ~eight~of a lengthy body can be simply and continuously measured ~itll great accuracy regardless of whether the body to be conveyed is a powdery or granular material, whether the body is in the form o~ a lengthy rigid body such as an elongate pillar, or whether the body is a pasty product such as bread dough or a material to be cooked.
On the basis of the distance information from sensors, a computer may calculate the sec~ional area of the body and then the volume or the weight of the body per unit length is calculated.
The computed values are compared with predetermined control values, - 6 - ~ ~ 5 ~ 7()~

and the computer transmits commands, for example, to a dough dividing apparatus and so forth.
In one mode of the invention, a sensor located above the conveying path is adapted to move back and forth in a horizontal and transverse direction above a lengthy body to be measured and emits rays ~r beams and senses the reflection from the surface of the body. The sensor, thus, detects the distances from the sensor to various points on the body's surface and transmits electric signals as distance information to a computer which then calculates the height of the object, the sectional area of each section of the lengthy body, and the volume of a fraction of the object.
~ Yhen the lengthy body is thicker and has recess portions in the side ~Yalls, no accurate measurement may be obtained, consequently, in each side of the conveying path additional sensors are provided.
Furthermore, a plurality of fixedly disposed sensors may also be utilized in the present invention. These sensors are located in a horizontal and transverse direction above the conveying path to n~easure the distances in a stationary condition without moving sensors thereby to obtain more accurate measurements.
Since the method of this invention can achieve the measurement of the weight of any lengthy body which is successively conveyed on a conveyor, the method serves as a method of controlling the quantity and quality of products in a mass production process.

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Brief Description of the_Drawings Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate movement of a sensor (sensors) measuring the distances from the sensor to various points on the surfaces of the lengthy body.
Figs. 3 and 4 are plan views showing transverse trails of a sensor a~bove the lengthy body.
Pig. 5 is a side elevation view showing another embodiment of this invention in which a plurality of aligned sensors are disposed above a successively conveyed lengthy body.
Fig. 6 is a plan view of the embodiment of Fig. 5, showing two rows of measuring points spaced apart by a distance ~ at which points sensors measure the distance from them to the lengthy body.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with~reference to the drawings.
In Fig. 1, dough 2 is conveyed on a conveyor belt 1 above ~hich a sensor 3 is located. The sensor 3 reciprocates in a horizontal and transverse direction above the dough 2, and the directions of its movement are shown by the arrows _ and m'. The sensor 3 emits light and senses its reflection from portions on the surfaces of the body at each measuring point that is spaced apart from the adjacent points by a certain distance m".
The light emitted from the sensor 3 and the reflection from the dough surface are indicated by vertical lines ~1. The sensor S~7~)~

3 is composed of a light emission element and a reflection sensing element which constitute the sensor working as a unit.
Light emitted from the light emission element reflects at the dough surface, and the reflection is detected by the reflection sensing element. This reflection has distance lnforlllatiol~ responding to the distance from the sensor 3 to the dough surface and is converted into an electric signal.
The sensor 3, while moving reciprocally above the dough 2 which is being conveyed, transmits the electric signal at each measuring poin~ to a computer. The computer, upon receiving the signal, calculates the height of dough at each measuring point and multiplies the value of the dough height by the value of the dis~ance m'' to obtain a finely divided sectional area of the dough.
This area is then integrated to obtain a sectional area, which will be referred to as "sectional area A," when the sensor 3 completes its transverse movement covering the stretch indicated by the arro~ m. The computer multiplies the value of the sectional area by a predetermined length e that corresponds to the distance of the dough conveyed in a unit time interval, to obtain the volume of the relevant portion of the dough and then multiplies the volume of the dough by the specific gravity P of the dough to obtain the ~eight of the dough per unit length e. The sensor 3 then moves as shown by an arrow m' to the original position, while measuring distances in the same manner as described above. Thus the ~;~577~:
g sectional area of the dough covered by the return stroke of the sensor 3 is obtained, and this area will be referred to as "sectional area _". The sectional area B is then multiplied by Q_ and further multiplied by _ to obtain the weight of the dough portion for the succeeding length Q. If the weight measurements of the dough portions are expressed as Xl, X2..., they may be expressed by the following equations:

X = A x Q x P, X = s x Q x P
~ -2 When the dough is thicker, a sensor 4 and a sensor 5, which are provided at each side of the conveyor 1, perpendicularly reciprocate to horizontally measure the distances from the travelling sensors 4 and 5 to points on the dough surfaces thereby supple-menting the distance information with information about each side of the dough. This process is desirable because, if the dough is tall, measurement taken by the overhead sensor 3 is liable to be inaccurate. These reciproca-tive movements of the sensors 4 and 5 are shown by the arrows _ and n' in Figure 2. Measurements are taken incremently as shown at n" (see Figure 2) each time the dough moves a distance Q. An example of the supplement of the measurement is carried out in such a manner that the sensors 4 and 5 operate while the operation of the sensor 3 is suspended and vice versa, so that the sensors 4, 5 cover the predetermined distances from both sides of the conveyor while the sensor 3 covers the remaining portion.
The point where the sensor 4 or 5 stops operation and the sensor 3 starts working may be determined as desired. Shifting the measure-ment from the sensor 4 or 5 to the sensor 3 or vice versa is carried out by preprogrammed instructions from the computer.
The transverse movement of the overhead sensor 3 is further shown in Figures 3 and 4. In these figures r the dough 2 is ~57~

conveyed by the conveyor belt 1, and the trails of the sensor 3 are shown by the lines J and K. In ~igure 3, the speed of the sensor 3 relative to the speed of the dough is much higher than the case of Figure 4, and the halt time at each side of the dough is longer. Thus, the halt time substantially corresponds to the distance Q. The trail of the sensor 3 is made by its reciprocative movemen~, which begins at a point a and continues through points _, c, d, e ... Points on the lines J and K are those where the sensor 3 takes measurement. When the relative speed of the sensor 3 is lower and the halt time is very short, the trail may be as shown in Figure 4. In this case, measurements must be adjusted accordingly.
Another embodiment of this invention is shown in Figure 5, in which a plurality of aligned sensors 6 are provided in a horizontal and transverse direction above the conveyor belt 1, each being spaced apart from the adjacent ones by a short distance m'''. The plurality o~ sensors can concurrently measure the distance, and this arrangement results in more accurate measurement.
A plurality of measuring points for this embodiment are shown in ~0 Figure 6.
Sensors 4 and 5 are provided on both sides of the conveyor. When a thick dough is conveyed, they are operated to accurately measure the distances from them to points on the side wall portions of the dough. When the sensors 4 and 5 are operated, measuring by the sensor 6 is suspended, and vice versa. As will be seen in the drawing, measurement is conducted at each time when the dough moves a distance Q, and the computer calculates the dough weight in the similar manner as mentioned in the preceding 77~)~
- lOa -embodiments. In either embodiment, the shorter the length Q, -the greater the accuracy of measurement of the present invention.
As described above, the present invention does not use any mechanical measuremen~. Therefore, various accidents attributable to external causes can be prevented. In using the mechanical measurement, if, for instance, a balance is disposed beneath the conveyor belt to mechanically measure the weight of dough 2 ~ 7 7t~

conveyed by the belt, the tension of the belt tends to disturb the measurement of the weight of the dough 2, and no accurate weight measurement can be obtained. According to the present invention, tile sectional area of dough being successively conveyed can be continuously measured by the sensor to continuousl~y measure the volume and weight of each of very minute portions of the dough, so that the weight of a specified length o~ the dough can be easily computed by integration. According to the present invention, no particular device, such as the X-ray protector or X-ray sensing elements are required.
Although the embodiments of this invention have principally referred to the measurement of the volume or weight of dough, this invention is in no way limited to the measurement of dough and can also be utilized for the measurement of a plastic material, a viscoelastic material and a rigid lengthy material.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method of continuously measuring a successively conveyed lengthy body, comprising moving a sensor back and forth in a horizontal and transverse direction above the conveying path of a conveyor from one side to the other, operating the sensor to measure the distances from the sensor to various points on the surfaces of a lengthy body while being conveyed on the conveyor, calculating the height of the lengthy body at each point mea-sured, calculating the sectional area of each section of the lengthy body comprising the points measured, and calculating the volume of a fraction of the body by multiplying the sectional area by a predetermined length of the fraction of the body.

2. A method of claim 1, further comprising moving a sensor disposed at each side of the conveying path, upwardly and downwardly in a vertical direction, thereby to measure the dis-tances from each sensor to various points of each side surface of the lengthy body while being conveyed on the conveyor, and calcu-lating the width of the lengthy body at each point measured to obtain a more accurate sectional area of the section being mea-sured.

3. A method of continuously measuring a successively conveyed lengthy body, comprising operating a plurality of sen-sors to measure the distances from the sensors to various points on the surfaces of a lengthy body while being conveyed on a con-veyor, the plurality of sensors being disposed in a horizontal and transverse direction above the conveying path of the con-- Page 1 of Claims -veyor, calculating the height of the lengthy body at each point measured, calculating the sectional area of each section of the lengthy body comprising the points measured, and calculating the volume of a fraction of the body by multiplying the sectional area by a predetermined length of the fraction of the body.

4. A method of claim 3, further comprising operating a plurality of sensors disposed in a vertical direction at each side of the conveying path, thereby to measure the distances from each sensor to various points of each side surface of the lengthy body while being conveyed on the conveyor, and calculating the width of the lengthy body at each point measured to obtain a more accurate sectional area of the section being measured.

5. A method of determining the material flow rate of bulk material transported by a conveyor mechanism the speed of which is measured by impulse counters, said method including con-tinuously determining the contour of the free surface of the bulk material, at right angles to the direction of transport, by means of continuous non-contact distance measurement using at least one transmitter-receiver mechanism coupled with a computer, and computing the cross section of the bulk material; said method comprising the steps of: using as said transmitter-receiver mechanism at least two laser distance-measuring devices which operate exclusively for distance measuring by using a pulse tran-sit time measuring principle and which emit and receive reflect-ing laser beams for such distance measuring; directing said laser beams approximately at right angles to the direction of transport of said bulk material having a cross section on said conveyor - Page 2 of Claims -mechanism; and distributing several measuring points over the bulk material cross section and thus continuously ascertaining contour of the bulk material transported by the conveyor mechanism in order to determine material flow rate of the bulk material on the conveyor mechanism.

6. A method in accordance with Claim 5 , charac-terized in that from two to seven laser distance measuring devices are used, whereby one of several measuring points distri-buted over the bulk material cross section is allocated to any one of the laser distance measuring devices.

7. A device for determining the material flow rate of bulk materials transported in a conveyor belt, comprising a plur-ality of laser distance measuring devices arranged side-by-side above and in a plane perpendicular to the direction of transport of the conveyor belt, whereby the contours of the free surface of the bulk material can be continuously determined.

8. A device according to Claim 7 , wherein the device incorporates a computer for calculating from the contours of the free surface and the belt speed the material flow rate.

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