CA1252593A - Glue solutions based on organic polymers and non-aqueous solvents - Google Patents
Glue solutions based on organic polymers and non-aqueous solventsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1252593A CA1252593A CA000442192A CA442192A CA1252593A CA 1252593 A CA1252593 A CA 1252593A CA 000442192 A CA000442192 A CA 000442192A CA 442192 A CA442192 A CA 442192A CA 1252593 A CA1252593 A CA 1252593A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- pvc
- glue
- polymers
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/09—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
- C08J3/11—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids from solid polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/09—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
- C08J3/091—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids characterised by the chemical constitution of the organic liquid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J201/00—Adhesives based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
- C08L2666/28—Non-macromolecular organic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
- C08L2666/54—Inorganic substances
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1089—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor of discrete laminae to single face of additional lamina
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A glue is disclosed which comprises a solution of at least one water-insoluble synthetic organic polymer, such as PVC or ABS, in a solvent which essentially consists of one or several compounds selected from the group consisting of 5- or 6-membered water-miscible lactones or lactams having a melting point of at the most -10°C, a boiling point of at least 200°C and a flash point of at least 90°C, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or ?-butyrolactone. The polymer or polymers may be present in a concentration of between 0.5 and 50°%, in particular about 10% by weight.
The glue may be used at tropical temperatures without problems arising from solvent vapours and without fire risks. The glue is particularly useful for gluing soft PVC articles to hard PVC articles without loss of the soft character of the soft PVC, and for gluing different polymers, such as PVC on polycarbonate or polycarbonate on polyacrylate.
A glue is disclosed which comprises a solution of at least one water-insoluble synthetic organic polymer, such as PVC or ABS, in a solvent which essentially consists of one or several compounds selected from the group consisting of 5- or 6-membered water-miscible lactones or lactams having a melting point of at the most -10°C, a boiling point of at least 200°C and a flash point of at least 90°C, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or ?-butyrolactone. The polymer or polymers may be present in a concentration of between 0.5 and 50°%, in particular about 10% by weight.
The glue may be used at tropical temperatures without problems arising from solvent vapours and without fire risks. The glue is particularly useful for gluing soft PVC articles to hard PVC articles without loss of the soft character of the soft PVC, and for gluing different polymers, such as PVC on polycarbonate or polycarbonate on polyacrylate.
Description
~525~3 The present invention relates to novel glues for joining articles made S ~rolll water-insoluble synthetic organic polymer materials.
The use of polymer materials in e.g. the building industry has had as a consequence that it is necessary to join, by gluing, prefabricated or fitted articles mainly made from PVC or ABS. Examples of such la components arc roof gutters, roofings, window frames or PVC tubing for tap water or sewage junctions.
The types of glue commonly used so far practically all consist of a 10-30~o by weight solution of PVC in one or several of the following solvents: Butylacetate, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide or tetra-lS hydrofuran. These solvents all have a relatively low boiling pointand~or flash point and are hazardous to the health when inhaled and, in varyin9 degrees, by skin contact. Thus, official safety demands dictated by the fire hazards involved and official demarlds dictated by the occupational hazards involved are so strict that the compliance to
The use of polymer materials in e.g. the building industry has had as a consequence that it is necessary to join, by gluing, prefabricated or fitted articles mainly made from PVC or ABS. Examples of such la components arc roof gutters, roofings, window frames or PVC tubing for tap water or sewage junctions.
The types of glue commonly used so far practically all consist of a 10-30~o by weight solution of PVC in one or several of the following solvents: Butylacetate, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide or tetra-lS hydrofuran. These solvents all have a relatively low boiling pointand~or flash point and are hazardous to the health when inhaled and, in varyin9 degrees, by skin contact. Thus, official safety demands dictated by the fire hazards involved and official demarlds dictated by the occupational hazards involved are so strict that the compliance to
2~) SUCtl demands renders the use of such solyents costly and in some instances almost impossible.
Furthermore, all directions for use of currently available glues de-mand at the very least a careful de-greasing of the components with a de-greasing agent, normally of the same type as the thinner recom-25 mended for the glue, thus further subjecting the user to skin contactwith a solvent and solvent vapours.
Technically, the low boiling point of most of the currently used solvents leads to problems when gluing at elevated temperatures or in P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 1982 12 01 ~5ZS~33 strong sunli~ht, such as the gluing of PVC -tubes in subtropical or tropical regions where it is common that such gluing operations ~an only be carried out at night.
The present invention obviates or substantially reduces the above-discussed disadvantages of the glues according to the prior art both as regards flammability, occupational ha~ards and en~iromnental problems, and difficulties in connection with ~luing at elevated temperatures.
Tha invention relates to a glue comprisin~ a solution of at laast one water~insoluble synthetic organic polymer in a solvent which assentially consists of one or several compounds selected from the group consisting of 5- or 6- membered water-miscible lactones or lactams having a melting point of at the most -10C, a boiling point of at least 200C and a flash point of at least 90C.
The invention further relates to a method for making a flued ~olnt between surfaces of articles made from a material comprising water-insoluble synthetic organic polymers, said metho~ comprising applying a glue solution which consists essentially of a solvent of at least one 5- or 6- membered water-miscible lactone or lactam having a melting point not greater than -10C, a bolling point of at least 200C. and a flash point at least 90C, and at least one water-insoluble synthetic or n~tural organic polymer dissolved therein, on at least one of the ~u~faces to be ~oined; joining said surfaces; and allowing a ~olnt to develop.
Among the lactams, N-alkylated lactams, in particular N-methylated lactams are preferred, since N-alkylated lactams have lower melting points than N-unsubstituted lactams.
In the present context, the term "alkylated" designates substitution with a C1 4 alkyl group which may be straight or branched, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and tert.butyl.
5~33 Preferred lactones are lactones which are either unsubstituted or alkyiated in the 4- 0-~5-position.
The lactams may be unsubstituted on the ring carbon atoms or alky-lated in the 4-or 5-position.
S As examples of 5~ or G-membered water-miscible lactones or lactams l~vîng a melting point at the most -10C and a boiling point of a least 200C may be mentioned N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (also known as NMP), butyrolactone, N,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ~-valerolactone, ~-valerolactone and ~-caprolactone.
10 A preferred lactam is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and a preferred lactone is ~-butyrolactone. Each of these preferred solvents may be used per se, or a mixture thereof may be used. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is especially preferred because of its low toxicity (>7 g/kg in rats).
In the present context, the term "essentially consists of" indicates lS that apart from one or several of the lactones or lactams indicated, the solvent is preferably free of any substantial amounts of other sol-vents, but it will be realized that minor amounts of other solvents, even solvents not fulfilling the criteria set out above, may be added to the solvents used in the glues according to the invention without ~n substantially impairing the above-mentioned performance qualities, and such admixtures are within the scope of the present invention.
The polymer or polymer mixture dissolved in -the solvent to form the glue of the invention may be any water-insoluble synthetic organic polymer which is soluble in the lactam or lactone solvent to yield an 2~ effective polymer glue. As examples of polymers which may be used may be mentioned PVC, ABS, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, polyacrylamide, polyamide and polystyrene. Among the~se, PVC and ABS are especially important due to their widespread use in articles destined for the building, construction and plumbing fields, 30 etc. The polymer or polymer mixture dissolved in the solvent to form the glue of the invention may be newly made polymer, or it may be polymer waste from the production of polymer articles.
P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 1982 12 01 ~25~3 As a gener31 rule, the polymer or polymers in a glue is/are prefer-ably identical or substantially identical to the polymer or polymers which are to be joined by means of the glue in question. In other words, the polymer in a glue for gluing PVC is preferably PVC, the polymer in a glue for gluing ABS is preferably ABS, etc. However, it has also been found that two different polymer materials may be glued by means of a glue according to the invention which comprises only one of the polymers. Thus, both soft and hard PVC may be glued onto polycarbonate by means of a 10% solution of polycarbona-te in Nl\lP, and polycarbonate may be glued onto polyacrylate by means of a lOn~s solution of polycarbonate in NMP.
For use in the various applications the viscosity of the glue may be adjusted within a wide range by increasing or decreasing the concen-tration of the polymer or polymers in the glue.The polymer or polymers are preferably present in the glue according to the invention in a concentration between 0. 5 and 50% by weight, or preferably a concen-tration between 2 and 40QO by weight, usually between 3 and 30% by wei~ht. For most practical applications, a suitably glue will contain the polymer or polymers in a concentration of between 5 and 20%, in particular 8 and 16~>o such as about 10%, by weight.
If desired, a thixotropic agent such as colloidal silica may be incorpo-rated in the glue according to the invention in order to avoid drip-ping of the glue without resorting to an otherwise undesired high concentration of the polymer or polymers. The colloidal silica may, for ~25 e~ample, be of the type sold under the trademarks "Aerosil" (from l:)egussa, BRD) or "HDK" (from Wacker Chemie, BRD) and may be incorporated in any suitable amounts such as from about 0.1 to about
Furthermore, all directions for use of currently available glues de-mand at the very least a careful de-greasing of the components with a de-greasing agent, normally of the same type as the thinner recom-25 mended for the glue, thus further subjecting the user to skin contactwith a solvent and solvent vapours.
Technically, the low boiling point of most of the currently used solvents leads to problems when gluing at elevated temperatures or in P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 1982 12 01 ~5ZS~33 strong sunli~ht, such as the gluing of PVC -tubes in subtropical or tropical regions where it is common that such gluing operations ~an only be carried out at night.
The present invention obviates or substantially reduces the above-discussed disadvantages of the glues according to the prior art both as regards flammability, occupational ha~ards and en~iromnental problems, and difficulties in connection with ~luing at elevated temperatures.
Tha invention relates to a glue comprisin~ a solution of at laast one water~insoluble synthetic organic polymer in a solvent which assentially consists of one or several compounds selected from the group consisting of 5- or 6- membered water-miscible lactones or lactams having a melting point of at the most -10C, a boiling point of at least 200C and a flash point of at least 90C.
The invention further relates to a method for making a flued ~olnt between surfaces of articles made from a material comprising water-insoluble synthetic organic polymers, said metho~ comprising applying a glue solution which consists essentially of a solvent of at least one 5- or 6- membered water-miscible lactone or lactam having a melting point not greater than -10C, a bolling point of at least 200C. and a flash point at least 90C, and at least one water-insoluble synthetic or n~tural organic polymer dissolved therein, on at least one of the ~u~faces to be ~oined; joining said surfaces; and allowing a ~olnt to develop.
Among the lactams, N-alkylated lactams, in particular N-methylated lactams are preferred, since N-alkylated lactams have lower melting points than N-unsubstituted lactams.
In the present context, the term "alkylated" designates substitution with a C1 4 alkyl group which may be straight or branched, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and tert.butyl.
5~33 Preferred lactones are lactones which are either unsubstituted or alkyiated in the 4- 0-~5-position.
The lactams may be unsubstituted on the ring carbon atoms or alky-lated in the 4-or 5-position.
S As examples of 5~ or G-membered water-miscible lactones or lactams l~vîng a melting point at the most -10C and a boiling point of a least 200C may be mentioned N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (also known as NMP), butyrolactone, N,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ~-valerolactone, ~-valerolactone and ~-caprolactone.
10 A preferred lactam is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and a preferred lactone is ~-butyrolactone. Each of these preferred solvents may be used per se, or a mixture thereof may be used. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is especially preferred because of its low toxicity (>7 g/kg in rats).
In the present context, the term "essentially consists of" indicates lS that apart from one or several of the lactones or lactams indicated, the solvent is preferably free of any substantial amounts of other sol-vents, but it will be realized that minor amounts of other solvents, even solvents not fulfilling the criteria set out above, may be added to the solvents used in the glues according to the invention without ~n substantially impairing the above-mentioned performance qualities, and such admixtures are within the scope of the present invention.
The polymer or polymer mixture dissolved in -the solvent to form the glue of the invention may be any water-insoluble synthetic organic polymer which is soluble in the lactam or lactone solvent to yield an 2~ effective polymer glue. As examples of polymers which may be used may be mentioned PVC, ABS, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, polyacrylamide, polyamide and polystyrene. Among the~se, PVC and ABS are especially important due to their widespread use in articles destined for the building, construction and plumbing fields, 30 etc. The polymer or polymer mixture dissolved in the solvent to form the glue of the invention may be newly made polymer, or it may be polymer waste from the production of polymer articles.
P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 1982 12 01 ~25~3 As a gener31 rule, the polymer or polymers in a glue is/are prefer-ably identical or substantially identical to the polymer or polymers which are to be joined by means of the glue in question. In other words, the polymer in a glue for gluing PVC is preferably PVC, the polymer in a glue for gluing ABS is preferably ABS, etc. However, it has also been found that two different polymer materials may be glued by means of a glue according to the invention which comprises only one of the polymers. Thus, both soft and hard PVC may be glued onto polycarbonate by means of a 10% solution of polycarbona-te in Nl\lP, and polycarbonate may be glued onto polyacrylate by means of a lOn~s solution of polycarbonate in NMP.
For use in the various applications the viscosity of the glue may be adjusted within a wide range by increasing or decreasing the concen-tration of the polymer or polymers in the glue.The polymer or polymers are preferably present in the glue according to the invention in a concentration between 0. 5 and 50% by weight, or preferably a concen-tration between 2 and 40QO by weight, usually between 3 and 30% by wei~ht. For most practical applications, a suitably glue will contain the polymer or polymers in a concentration of between 5 and 20%, in particular 8 and 16~>o such as about 10%, by weight.
If desired, a thixotropic agent such as colloidal silica may be incorpo-rated in the glue according to the invention in order to avoid drip-ping of the glue without resorting to an otherwise undesired high concentration of the polymer or polymers. The colloidal silica may, for ~25 e~ample, be of the type sold under the trademarks "Aerosil" (from l:)egussa, BRD) or "HDK" (from Wacker Chemie, BRD) and may be incorporated in any suitable amounts such as from about 0.1 to about
3~ by weight. Also, a viscosity-adjusting agent may be incorporated, such as baryte in a concentration of from 1 to 10% by weight, a 30 di-2-ethylhexylamine-neutralized carboxyvinyl polymer (such as "Carbopol" 9341 from Goodrich Chemicals) in a concentration of from about 0.5 to about 1% by weight, or a hydroxyethyl cellulose (such as "Cellosize" QP 1001~/1 from Union Carbide) in a concentration of from about 0.5 to about 2,j by weight.
P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 1982 12 01 One of the advantages of the glue according to the invention is that it permits the gluing of components which were not, in the prior art, easily gluable by means of the known compositions.
As examples of such systems which are now easily gluable may be S mentioned gluing of soft or softened PVC to hard PVC where prior art glues based on conventional solvents often failed, probably due to undesired interaction with the plasticizers in the soft PVC. According to the invention this permits e. g. the easy gluing of soft PVC hoses to hard PVC fittings in connection with the installation of e.g. swimming 1() pools, or in connection with the construction of laboratory apparatus (gluing of soft PVC hoses to hard PVC tubes, dishwashers, washing machines, etc. ) .
A further possibility is the gluing or repair of soft PVC articles where a glue according to the invention may ba constructed with a 15 ~ufficient body and viscosity to fill cracks or fissures and other irre~3ularities and join them to attain the original dense structure, with retention of the general soft character of the original article.
This is ascribable to the characteristics of the glue of the invention to the effect that it does not interfere with or extract plasticizer from 2a tl~e PVC, in contrast to conventional glues, the solvents of which are also much more efficient solvents of the plasticizer.
In a te~tbook on NMP (cf. '`NMP, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone Handbook", GAF Corporation, N.Y. 197~, page 47), it is mentioned that NMP may improve performance in such applications as rubber and vinyl cements, 25 and it is also suggested to use Nl~/IP as a solvent welding agent. The te~tbook, however, does not state or indicate that NMP may be used as the sole or substantially the sole solvent in glues, and the mention of Nl\llP as a solvent welding agent does not anticipate the use of NMP
as a glue solvent. The technology of gluing is distinct from welding 30 of plastics in many regards: Firstly, gluing does not solely depend ~Jpon dissolution of the plastic parts to be joined. Secondly, gluing will serve to fill voids between the articles to be joined because of the body constituted by the solid contents of the glue itself. Thirdly, solvent welding cannot be used in practice in several applications P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 1982 12 01 5~3 because the solvent would tend to drip or spread over a too large area. Fourthly, solvent welding would tend to apply too much solvent at the junction with the result that the polymer material adjacent to the joint would soften to a too high degree and it would take a too 5 long period before the full strength had been developed through migration of tl1e solvent.
The invention is illustrated in the following non-limiting exarnples.
Preparation of an NMP-based glue containing PVC
10 In a closed vessel 10o by weight of PVC-granulate are added to NMP
(trademarl~ Vinnol~ from Wacker Chemie, BRD) at room temperature und~r vigorous stirring until a homogeneous solution is obtained.
Preparation of an NMP-based glue containing PVC-waste 15 In a closed vessel 10-O by weight of PVC granulate (made from waste from the production of hard PVC articles) are added to NMP under vi~orous stirring at room temperature until a homogeneous solution is obtained .
20 Preparation of an NMP-based glue containing ABS
By following the procedure described in Examples 1 and 2, but sub-stituting ABS granulate for PVC granluate, a solution of 10% by weight of ABS in NMP is prepared.
P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 1982 12 01 ~S~5~
EXAI~IPLE 4 Preparation of an NMP-based glue containing PVC and ABS
By following the procedure described in Examples 1 and 2 a solution of 5 parts by weight of PVC granulate and 5 parts by weight of ABS
~3ranulate in 90 parts by weight of NMP is prepared.
E~A~IPLE 5 Pressure testing of glued joints From a length of PVC-tube with a nominal diameter of about 50 mm were cut two pieces with a length of about 50 cm. To each of the I0 four ends of the two pieces of tubing were glued a closed tube sleeve with an inside diameter of about 50.5 mm. One of the sleeves of each l~ngth of tube was fitted with a pressure coupling and a manometer.
The gluing was performed by means of a 10% by weight solution of PVC in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone prepared as described in Example 1.
The gluing was performed by applying a thin layer of glue to the outside surface of the tube end about 3 cm up the length of the tube, fitting the sleeve over the end of the tube, rotating the sleeve on the tube end to distribute the glue and leaving the joints to set.
Tube No. 1 had a diameter at one end of between 50.0 mm and 50.2 2U mm and at the other end of 50.0 mm and 50.2 mm, which ends were fitted with closed sleeves with an inside diameter of 50.5 mm and 50.4 mm, respectively, thus producing joints with a gap between the surfaces of 0.3-0.5 mm and 0.2-0.4 mm, respectively. After the glue had been applied and the sleeves fitted, the glue was allowed to set for 4 hours at room temperature. Thereafter, the gluing was pressure tested at 10 kg/cm2 water pressure for 15 minutes and thereafter at 19-20 kg/cm2 water pressure for 15 minutes. No leaks were observed.
Tube No. 2 had end diameters of 49.9-50.3 mm and 49.9-50.3 mm, and the ends were fitted with closed sleeves with inside measures of P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 19O2 12 01 ~25~5~33 50~5 mm and 50.3-50.5 mm, respectively, thus producing joints with a gap between the surfaces of 0.2-0.6 mm and 0.2-0.6 mm, respectively.
The sleeves were glued to the tube in the same manner as above, and the glue was allowed to set for 4 hours at room temperature. Pressure 5 testing was performed at 8 kg/cm2 water pressure for 15 minutes followed by 19-20 kg/cm2 water pressure for 15 minutes. No leaks were observed.
EXAMPLE ~
Gluing of soft PVC onto hard PVC
10 To the outside surface of the end of a piece of hard PVC tube (outside diameter 16 mm) a glue prepared according to Example 1 was applied ca. 1 cm up the length of the tube. A piece of soft PVC hose (inside diameter 13 mm) was thereafter fitted over the end of the tube and rotated slightly to distribute the glue, whereafter the glue was allowed lS to set. The gluing showed no cracking or brittling of the hose, and it was not possible to pull the hose off.
P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 1982 12 01
P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 1982 12 01 One of the advantages of the glue according to the invention is that it permits the gluing of components which were not, in the prior art, easily gluable by means of the known compositions.
As examples of such systems which are now easily gluable may be S mentioned gluing of soft or softened PVC to hard PVC where prior art glues based on conventional solvents often failed, probably due to undesired interaction with the plasticizers in the soft PVC. According to the invention this permits e. g. the easy gluing of soft PVC hoses to hard PVC fittings in connection with the installation of e.g. swimming 1() pools, or in connection with the construction of laboratory apparatus (gluing of soft PVC hoses to hard PVC tubes, dishwashers, washing machines, etc. ) .
A further possibility is the gluing or repair of soft PVC articles where a glue according to the invention may ba constructed with a 15 ~ufficient body and viscosity to fill cracks or fissures and other irre~3ularities and join them to attain the original dense structure, with retention of the general soft character of the original article.
This is ascribable to the characteristics of the glue of the invention to the effect that it does not interfere with or extract plasticizer from 2a tl~e PVC, in contrast to conventional glues, the solvents of which are also much more efficient solvents of the plasticizer.
In a te~tbook on NMP (cf. '`NMP, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone Handbook", GAF Corporation, N.Y. 197~, page 47), it is mentioned that NMP may improve performance in such applications as rubber and vinyl cements, 25 and it is also suggested to use Nl~/IP as a solvent welding agent. The te~tbook, however, does not state or indicate that NMP may be used as the sole or substantially the sole solvent in glues, and the mention of Nl\llP as a solvent welding agent does not anticipate the use of NMP
as a glue solvent. The technology of gluing is distinct from welding 30 of plastics in many regards: Firstly, gluing does not solely depend ~Jpon dissolution of the plastic parts to be joined. Secondly, gluing will serve to fill voids between the articles to be joined because of the body constituted by the solid contents of the glue itself. Thirdly, solvent welding cannot be used in practice in several applications P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 1982 12 01 5~3 because the solvent would tend to drip or spread over a too large area. Fourthly, solvent welding would tend to apply too much solvent at the junction with the result that the polymer material adjacent to the joint would soften to a too high degree and it would take a too 5 long period before the full strength had been developed through migration of tl1e solvent.
The invention is illustrated in the following non-limiting exarnples.
Preparation of an NMP-based glue containing PVC
10 In a closed vessel 10o by weight of PVC-granulate are added to NMP
(trademarl~ Vinnol~ from Wacker Chemie, BRD) at room temperature und~r vigorous stirring until a homogeneous solution is obtained.
Preparation of an NMP-based glue containing PVC-waste 15 In a closed vessel 10-O by weight of PVC granulate (made from waste from the production of hard PVC articles) are added to NMP under vi~orous stirring at room temperature until a homogeneous solution is obtained .
20 Preparation of an NMP-based glue containing ABS
By following the procedure described in Examples 1 and 2, but sub-stituting ABS granulate for PVC granluate, a solution of 10% by weight of ABS in NMP is prepared.
P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 1982 12 01 ~S~5~
EXAI~IPLE 4 Preparation of an NMP-based glue containing PVC and ABS
By following the procedure described in Examples 1 and 2 a solution of 5 parts by weight of PVC granulate and 5 parts by weight of ABS
~3ranulate in 90 parts by weight of NMP is prepared.
E~A~IPLE 5 Pressure testing of glued joints From a length of PVC-tube with a nominal diameter of about 50 mm were cut two pieces with a length of about 50 cm. To each of the I0 four ends of the two pieces of tubing were glued a closed tube sleeve with an inside diameter of about 50.5 mm. One of the sleeves of each l~ngth of tube was fitted with a pressure coupling and a manometer.
The gluing was performed by means of a 10% by weight solution of PVC in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone prepared as described in Example 1.
The gluing was performed by applying a thin layer of glue to the outside surface of the tube end about 3 cm up the length of the tube, fitting the sleeve over the end of the tube, rotating the sleeve on the tube end to distribute the glue and leaving the joints to set.
Tube No. 1 had a diameter at one end of between 50.0 mm and 50.2 2U mm and at the other end of 50.0 mm and 50.2 mm, which ends were fitted with closed sleeves with an inside diameter of 50.5 mm and 50.4 mm, respectively, thus producing joints with a gap between the surfaces of 0.3-0.5 mm and 0.2-0.4 mm, respectively. After the glue had been applied and the sleeves fitted, the glue was allowed to set for 4 hours at room temperature. Thereafter, the gluing was pressure tested at 10 kg/cm2 water pressure for 15 minutes and thereafter at 19-20 kg/cm2 water pressure for 15 minutes. No leaks were observed.
Tube No. 2 had end diameters of 49.9-50.3 mm and 49.9-50.3 mm, and the ends were fitted with closed sleeves with inside measures of P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 19O2 12 01 ~25~5~33 50~5 mm and 50.3-50.5 mm, respectively, thus producing joints with a gap between the surfaces of 0.2-0.6 mm and 0.2-0.6 mm, respectively.
The sleeves were glued to the tube in the same manner as above, and the glue was allowed to set for 4 hours at room temperature. Pressure 5 testing was performed at 8 kg/cm2 water pressure for 15 minutes followed by 19-20 kg/cm2 water pressure for 15 minutes. No leaks were observed.
EXAMPLE ~
Gluing of soft PVC onto hard PVC
10 To the outside surface of the end of a piece of hard PVC tube (outside diameter 16 mm) a glue prepared according to Example 1 was applied ca. 1 cm up the length of the tube. A piece of soft PVC hose (inside diameter 13 mm) was thereafter fitted over the end of the tube and rotated slightly to distribute the glue, whereafter the glue was allowed lS to set. The gluing showed no cracking or brittling of the hose, and it was not possible to pull the hose off.
P~V F3227 jC Prior. tekst HRA/ER 1982 12 01
Claims
WE CLAIM:
1. A method for making a glued joint between surfaces of articles made from a material comprising water-insoluble synthetic organic polymers, said method comprising applying a glue solution which consists essentially of a solvent of at least one 5- or 6- membered water-miscible lactone or lactam having a melting point not greater than -10°C., a boiling point of at least 200°C. and a flash point of at least 90°C., and at least one water-insoluble synthetic or natural organic polymer dissolved therein, on at least one of the surfaces to be joined;
joining said surfaces, and allowing a joint to develop.
2. The method as claimed in claim l wherein the lactams are N-alkylated.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the N-alkylated lactam is an N-methylated lactam.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lactones are unsubstituted or alkylated in the 4- or 5- position.
5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lactams are unsubstituted on the ring carbons or alkylated in the 4- or 5-position.
6. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the solvent consists of a mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and .gamma. -butylolactone.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent consists of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent consists of .gamma. -butyrolactone.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer is at least one member selected from the group consisting of PVC, ABS, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, polyacrylamide, polyamide and polystyrene.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the polymer is PVC.
11. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the polymer is ABS.
11. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the polymer is a mixture of PVC and ABS.
13. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the polymer or polymers is/are present in a concentration of between 0.1 and 50%
by weight.
14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the polymer or polymers is/are present in a concentration of between 3 and 30 by weight.
15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the polymer or polymers is/are present in a concentration of between 5 and 20 by weight.
16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the polymer or polymers is/are present in a concentration of between 8 and 16-by weight.
17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the polymer or polymers is/are present in a concentration of about 10% by weight.
18. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glue solution consists essentially of N-methyl-1-pyrrolidone solvent and PVC
dissolved therein.
19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the article is made of PVC.
20. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glue solution further contains a thixotropic agent.
21. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the thixotropic agent is colloidal silica.
22. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glue solution further contains a viscosity-adjusting agent.
1. A method for making a glued joint between surfaces of articles made from a material comprising water-insoluble synthetic organic polymers, said method comprising applying a glue solution which consists essentially of a solvent of at least one 5- or 6- membered water-miscible lactone or lactam having a melting point not greater than -10°C., a boiling point of at least 200°C. and a flash point of at least 90°C., and at least one water-insoluble synthetic or natural organic polymer dissolved therein, on at least one of the surfaces to be joined;
joining said surfaces, and allowing a joint to develop.
2. The method as claimed in claim l wherein the lactams are N-alkylated.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the N-alkylated lactam is an N-methylated lactam.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lactones are unsubstituted or alkylated in the 4- or 5- position.
5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lactams are unsubstituted on the ring carbons or alkylated in the 4- or 5-position.
6. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the solvent consists of a mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and .gamma. -butylolactone.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent consists of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent consists of .gamma. -butyrolactone.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer is at least one member selected from the group consisting of PVC, ABS, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, polyacrylamide, polyamide and polystyrene.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the polymer is PVC.
11. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the polymer is ABS.
11. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the polymer is a mixture of PVC and ABS.
13. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the polymer or polymers is/are present in a concentration of between 0.1 and 50%
by weight.
14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the polymer or polymers is/are present in a concentration of between 3 and 30 by weight.
15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the polymer or polymers is/are present in a concentration of between 5 and 20 by weight.
16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the polymer or polymers is/are present in a concentration of between 8 and 16-by weight.
17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the polymer or polymers is/are present in a concentration of about 10% by weight.
18. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glue solution consists essentially of N-methyl-1-pyrrolidone solvent and PVC
dissolved therein.
19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the article is made of PVC.
20. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glue solution further contains a thixotropic agent.
21. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the thixotropic agent is colloidal silica.
22. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glue solution further contains a viscosity-adjusting agent.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK534282A DK153684C (en) | 1982-12-01 | 1982-12-01 | PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING A LIMITED JOINT BETWEEN SURFACES OF SUBSTANCES MADE BY WATER INSOLuble, SYNTHETIC ORGANIC POLYMERS |
| DK5342/82 | 1982-12-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1252593A true CA1252593A (en) | 1989-04-11 |
Family
ID=8141658
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000442192A Expired CA1252593A (en) | 1982-12-01 | 1983-11-29 | Glue solutions based on organic polymers and non-aqueous solvents |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4675354A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0111250B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS60500017A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE26588T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU568619B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1252593A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3370968D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK153684C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES527656A0 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI80288C (en) |
| GR (1) | GR79020B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL70224A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY103684A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT77706B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1984002143A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4729928A (en) * | 1987-04-10 | 1988-03-08 | Schiappa Attilio V | Durable high gloss water-based coating composition |
| US5416142A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1995-05-16 | Oatey Company | Method of bonding and bonding compositions |
| US5470894A (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1995-11-28 | Patel; Naresh D. | Low VOC (volatile organic compounds), solvent-based CPVC pipe adhesives which maintain joint adhesive performance |
| US5252634A (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1993-10-12 | Patel Naresh D | Low VOC (volatile organic compounds), solvent-based thermoplastic pipe adhesives which maintain joint adhesive performance |
| SE501427C2 (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1995-02-13 | Nobel Paint & Adhesives Ab | Adhesives containing low molecular weight esters of organic dicarboxylic acids for bonding plastic particles and methods of making a bonded joint |
| US5562794A (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 1996-10-08 | Basf Corporation | Low solvent, thermoplastic polyurethane containing solvent cement |
| US5821289A (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-10-13 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Low volatile organic solvent based adhesive |
| US5817708A (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-10-06 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Low volatile organic solvent based adhesive |
| US6087421A (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-07-11 | Ips Corporation | Pentanone-based CPVC adhesives having reduced content of heterocyclic solvents for joining CPVC substrates |
| AU3499400A (en) | 1999-02-23 | 2000-09-14 | Ips Corporation | Low voc (volatile organic compounds), dimethyl-2-piperidone solvent-based, pvc and cpvc pipe and component adhesives and primers containing minimal or no tetrahydrofuran |
| US6429242B1 (en) | 2000-04-06 | 2002-08-06 | Camie-Campbell, Inc. | Solvent weld cement composition in aerosol form |
| US6887926B1 (en) | 2001-11-16 | 2005-05-03 | Oatey Co. | Bonding compositions for chlorinated polymers and methods of using the same |
| US7592385B2 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2009-09-22 | Oatey Company | Universal solvent cement |
| EP2404953A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-11 | Nordcoll A/S | Solvent based glue composition |
| SE540725C2 (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-10-23 | Ohla Plast & Faergteknik Ab | Use of composition comprising polyvinyl chloride dissolved in1-bytylpyrrolidin-2-one for joining floor panels made of po lyvinyl chloride |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US903023A (en) * | 1907-10-21 | 1908-11-03 | Gustav Stuebgen | Storm-lantern. |
| NL71803C (en) * | 1949-08-18 | |||
| US2958614A (en) * | 1955-06-16 | 1960-11-01 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Resin coatings for glass materials |
| US3031428A (en) * | 1956-11-19 | 1962-04-24 | Goodrich Co B F | Spinning dope solutions of a vinylidene cyanide interpolymer and method of making |
| US2957206A (en) * | 1957-07-22 | 1960-10-25 | Nalco Chemical Co | Production of ion selective permeable membrane and composition therefor |
| GB867278A (en) * | 1958-05-30 | 1961-05-03 | American Marietta Co | Solvent compositions, and resin solutions and compositions comprising resins dissolved in solvent compositions |
| US3404117A (en) * | 1966-07-06 | 1968-10-01 | Gaf Corp | Adhesive film-forming compositions which in the dry state are insoluble in water and dry cleaning solvents |
| DE2253361A1 (en) * | 1972-10-31 | 1974-05-09 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Polyethylene terephthalate powder - having a narrow particle size range and suitable for coating metals obtd. by pptn. from a lactone |
| US4010143A (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1977-03-01 | Motorola, Inc. | Molding compound containing N-methyl-Z pyrrolidone and method |
| GB1572481A (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1980-07-30 | Du Pont | Adhesive compositions |
| US4152313A (en) | 1977-11-17 | 1979-05-01 | Champion International Corporation | Vinyl film-wood laminates and adhesive therefor |
| DE3032891A1 (en) * | 1980-09-01 | 1982-04-15 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | METHOD FOR REDUCING THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLVENT VAPOR |
| JPS57185369A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-15 | Unitika Ltd | Aromatic polyamide adhesive |
-
1982
- 1982-12-01 DK DK534282A patent/DK153684C/en active
-
1983
- 1983-11-14 IL IL70224A patent/IL70224A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-17 AU AU22603/83A patent/AU568619B2/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-17 JP JP58503668A patent/JPS60500017A/en active Granted
- 1983-11-17 WO PCT/DK1983/000108 patent/WO1984002143A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1983-11-17 US US06/820,889 patent/US4675354A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-11-23 PT PT77706A patent/PT77706B/en unknown
- 1983-11-29 CA CA000442192A patent/CA1252593A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-30 ES ES527656A patent/ES527656A0/en active Granted
- 1983-11-30 GR GR73108A patent/GR79020B/el unknown
- 1983-11-30 EP EP83112033A patent/EP0111250B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-11-30 DE DE8383112033T patent/DE3370968D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-30 AT AT83112033T patent/ATE26588T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-30 DE DE198383112033T patent/DE111250T1/en active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-07-31 FI FI843024A patent/FI80288C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-12-29 MY MYPI88001569A patent/MY103684A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI843024A (en) | 1984-07-31 |
| DE111250T1 (en) | 1984-12-06 |
| MY103684A (en) | 1993-08-28 |
| EP0111250B1 (en) | 1987-04-15 |
| DK153684C (en) | 1990-02-26 |
| US4675354A (en) | 1987-06-23 |
| EP0111250A1 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
| JPS643915B2 (en) | 1989-01-24 |
| ES8504894A1 (en) | 1985-04-16 |
| JPS60500017A (en) | 1985-01-10 |
| AU568619B2 (en) | 1988-01-07 |
| IL70224A0 (en) | 1984-02-29 |
| IL70224A (en) | 1987-10-20 |
| WO1984002143A1 (en) | 1984-06-07 |
| ATE26588T1 (en) | 1987-05-15 |
| FI80288B (en) | 1990-01-31 |
| DK534282A (en) | 1984-06-02 |
| PT77706B (en) | 1986-07-14 |
| FI80288C (en) | 1990-05-10 |
| FI843024A0 (en) | 1984-07-31 |
| ES527656A0 (en) | 1985-04-16 |
| DE3370968D1 (en) | 1987-05-21 |
| PT77706A (en) | 1983-12-01 |
| AU2260383A (en) | 1984-06-18 |
| DK153684B (en) | 1988-08-15 |
| EP0111250B2 (en) | 1992-06-10 |
| GR79020B (en) | 1984-10-02 |
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