CA1252388A - Process for simultaneously detecting multiple antigens using dual sandwich immunometric assay - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract of the Disclosure At least two antigens in a sample may be detected using an immunometric dual sandwich assay containing an effective amount of at least one monoclonal antibody against each antigen, which antibodies are separately conjugated with the same or different signal moieties as labels, and an effective amount of at least one unlabeled monoclonal antibody against each antigen which unlabeled antibodies are immobilized on a single support. Preferably the antibodies are all products of different cell lines and the antigens are prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate antigen.

Description

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PROCESS FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY DETECTING MULTIPLE ANTIGENS
USING DUAL SANDWICH IMMUNOMETRIC ASSAY
This inventi~n relates to immunometric assays for simultdneously detecting and/or measuring the amount of dt least two antigens in samples such dS serum, urine or other body fluids. This invention is also directed to test kits for conducting such immunometric assays.
Tmmunoassay techniques are lncreasinyly being used for liagnostic purposes to measlJre the concentration of antigens, particularly those which are physiologically harmful, in various types of hody fluids such as serum and urinr-. Immunoassay rne-tnods, which include competi-tive immunoassays as well as immunometric assays, rely on interaction between -the antigen in question and one or more antihodies to form a complex which is detectahle by means of a label on the antigen or antihody.
~ hen the antigens have more than one type of binding site they are advantageously detected by immunometric assays. In this method, a soluble antibody labeled with a signal moiety is employed in conjunction with an unlabeled antibody bound to a solid carrier that is insoluble in the fluid being tested. ~ese two types of antibodies form a ternary complex with the antigen which is detected by the lahel of the soluble antibody. This so-called "sandwicn" assay, where the antigen binds two antihodies to its surface at different locations, is descrihed generally by l~ide in Ra-lioimmllnoassay ~e-thods, ed. hy ~irkham et al. (E-linburgh: E. ~ S. Livingstone, 197n~ at pages 199-206. IJ.S. Patent No. 4,343,896 also describes use of an imrnlJnolletric assay for detec,ing an a-t least bivalent antigen in a liqui-l sa-nple.
U.S. Patent No. 4,376,110 clescribes a technique using a one-to-one sandwich immunometric assay where one monoclonal antibody is presented in a soluble labeled form and the second monoclonal antibody is bound to an insoluble carrier. This technique represents advantages over prior art techniques using polyclonal antibodies in the sandwich assay. For example, the simultaneous and reverse assays using monoclonal antibodies are more sensitive and rapid than the ~4 3~

assays using polyclonal antibodies. In addition, the formation o-f the soluble sandwich complex does not compete with formation of the desired insoluble complex. PCT Patent Publication No. WO 82tO2661 teaches a similar assay. European Patent Application 0,045,1n3 published February 3, 1982 describes an immunochemical de-termination method where at least two types of monoclonal antiboclies are used directed against the same antigen to be determined. U.S. Paten-t No.
~,47~,~92 issued Octobe~ 2, 198~ to Murad entitled "Two-site Imrnunoassays IJsing Monoclonal An-tibodies of Different Classes or Subclasses and Test Kits for Perforrning Same" discloses a further aspect of the sandwich immunometric assay where the two antibodies ernployed to detect the antigen are of different immunogloblJlin classes or suhclasses. I).K. Patent No. 2,074,727, German Patent Publication No. 3205849, and European Patent Publication Nos. 48,357 anrl 44,219 describe similar such assays.
It is often desirable, however, to detec-t rnore than one antigen in a fluid simultaneollsly due to small sample volume, low reagent cost and short overall assay time. M. Kuriyama et al., JNCI, 68, 99-105 (1982) describe the advantage of using a combination test 20 of tissue-specific markers to detect the presence of two proteins of human prostate-specif c orlgin, namely, prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate antigen~ Kuriyama et al., however, did not de-tect the two antigens by a simultaneous me-thod but rather combined the resul-ts of the separate measurements of each antigen.
Mitsuma et al., Riochem. ~iophys. Res. Cornmun., 46, 2107-21l3 (1972), Ljunggren et al., Acta Endocrinol., 81, 487-494 (1976) and Haynes e-t al., Ann. C_in. ~iochem., 14, 12-15 (1977) used indirect competitive radioimmunoassay to measure more than one component in a single tube by labeling antigens with two different iodine isotopes, 30 including 131I which has a half life of only 8 days. Vihko et al., Clin. Chem., 27, 1744-1746 (1981) disclose immobilizing two types of antibodies on different sections of small test tubes and joining thern to produce a single multicomponent tube. The hap-tens are labeled with 125I, which is detected by indirect radioimmunoassay. This method 35 represents a relatively complex procedure involving separation of the solid phase carrier.

U.S. Patent No. 4,315,907 and _. Immunol. Methods, 26, 381 (1979) describe a specific binding assay to determine multiple antigens emplo~ing solid-phase binding agents corresponding to each antigen which are differentially separable, as well as labeled bindirlg 5 agents for each antigen. Each solid-phase bound species is separated from all the other species after incubation.
C. 81ake et al., Clinical Chemistry, 28, 1469-1473 (1982) describe the sirnultaneous enzyme imrnunoassay of two -thyroid hormones which has advantages over radioisotopes in that it is stable and allows for facile differential measurementO In this assay a mixture of two conju~ates labeled with two difFerent enzymes is used to detect both antigens simultaneously in a fluid. The enzymes form pro(iucts easily distinguishable from each other by absorption spectrophoto-metry. Blake et al. used two assay compounds, i.e., two antibodies15 immobilized on two separate solid carriers, to de-tect both antigens, rather than a single assay compound.
Prostate antigen (PA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) are two distinct antigenic proteins of human prostate-specific origin. Biochemically, PA is a glycoprotein of molecular weight 20 33,000 with a pI of 6.9, whereas PAP has a molecular weigh-t of 100,000 and a multiple pI rdnging from 4.2 ~o 5.5. Antisera specifically react toward each dntigen and do no-t cross-react with each other.
Although not specific to prostate tumors, PAP and PA in comhina-tion are promising markers in detecting prostate cancer because -they may 25 reflect different aspects of neoplastic transformation in prostate cancer. Thus, detecting bo-th markers sirnultaneously represents a diagnostic tool of considerable importance.
Accordingly, the present invention discloses an improved process for simultaneously (ietecting rnore than one antigen, most 30 preferably PA and PAP, over the assay processes described in existing publications. A single immunometric assay material is used herein to detect all of the antigens in the test fluid. Thus, the optirnization of amounts of conjuga-tes to be used in -the assay mixture for the antigens is simplified. Furthermore, in the assay herein the 35 measurelnen-t is direct rather than an indirect competitive immunoassay.

Specifically, in one aspect the present invention represents an improved immunometric assay for simultaneously detecting the ¦ presence of at least two antigens in a sample, which assay comprises con-tarting the sample with at least two labelei monoclonal antibodies, each being directed against a different antigen in the sample and each being separately conjugated ~ith -the same or differen-t signal moieties as labels, and with at least two immohilized monoclonal antibodies, each being directed against a different antigen in the sample and each being immobilized on the same support.
10In a preferred embodiment the antigenic materials are prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate antigen.
In a second aspect the present invention represents a direct immunometric assay for simultaneously detecting the presence of at least two antigens in a sample which comprises the steps of:
15(a) incubating the sample with at least two immobilized monoclonal antibodies, each being directed against a different antigen in the sample and each being immobilized on the same support;
(b) incubating the incubation product of step (a) with at least two labeled monoclonal antibodies, each being directed against a d;frerent antigen in t'ne sample;
(c) detecting the amount of labeletd antibodies associated with the incuba-tion product of step (b) or the amount of unassociated labeled antibodies; and (d) determining the amount of antigens in the sample by relating the measured amounts of labeled antibodies frorn step (c) with d cont ol or with samples containing known amounts of the dntigens.
In a third aspect the present invention represents an improved immunometric assay method for detecting -the presence of at least two antigens in a sample comprising the steps of:

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(a) forming a complex of a labeled monoclonal antibody against one antigen in the sample, the antigen, and a monoclonal antibody a3ainst the sarne antigen immobilized on a support to which is also immobili7ed 3t least one other monoclonal antihody against a different antigen in the sample which antibody is complexed to that antigen, which antigen is in turn complexecl to a monoclonal antibody against that antigen; and (b) nneasuring either the amount of labeled an-tibodies bound to the complex or the amount of unbound labeled antibodies to detect the presence of the antigens in the sample.
The cornplex may be formed by a single-step or double step incubation of the reagents.
A further aspect of the invention is to provide a test kit for conducting an immunometric assay for determining the presence of at least two antigens in a sample, which comprises an ef-fective amount of at least one monoclonal antibody directed against each antigen in the sample and separately conjugated to a single label or to different labels and an effective amount of at least one unlabeled monoclonal antibody directed against each antigen in the sample where the unlabeled antibodies are immobilized on a single support.
In another embodiment of this test kit the unlabeled monoclonal antibodies are present together with an effective amount of a compound capable of immobilizing the unlabeled antibodies on a solid support.
By using the improved single immunometric assay described herein to determine the presence of multiple antigens in a test sample, one can simultaneously detect two or more antigens using one solid support rather than two or more solid supports with antihodies each specific for one antigen. Furthermore, if different labels are used for the assay, the precise amount of each antigen present in the sample can be determinecl by separately measuring the di-fferent signals producecl by the labels.

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FIGIJRE I represents a graohical plot of the spectrophoto-metric absorbance at 492 nm wavelength of a sample fluid containing prostate antigen (PA~, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and a combination of P~ and P~P using three sandwich immunometric assays (described in Example l) against these antigens, respectively, as a function of the amount of antigen or antigen mixture in the sample.
The curves designated as Assays PA3 and PA represent control assays against PAP and PA, respectively. The immunometric assay against both PAP and PA employed, which is illustrative of this invention and is designated as curve Assay PAP + PA, contains one single type of label.
FIGURE 2 represents a graphical plot of the spectrophoto-metric absorbances at ~05 nm and 550 nm wavelengths of a sample fluid containing PA and PAP using the sandwich immunometric assay described in Example 2 against these antigens, as a function of the amount of each antigen in the sample. The immunometric assay against both PA
and PAP employe1, which is illustrative of this invention and is designated as curve Assay P~P' + PA', con-tains two different types of labels.
The following terms as use~ in the specification are define~
20 below.
The term "epitope" refers to a specific site on the antigen to which only certain antibodies can hecome attached. Thus, -the term refers to a specific antiyenic determinant.
The term "soluble" describes antibo~ies which are 100%
25 soluble or are substantially (i.e., at least about 80%) soluble in the fluid mediuln containing the antigens, and conversely the term "insoluble" describes ~arriers (or supports) and antibodies which are substantially (a-t least about 80~o) or completely insoluble in the fluid medium.
The sample on which the immunometric assay of this invention is used refers to any liquid or biological sample which contains or may contain the multiple antigens to be detected. The sample includes fluids such as human or animal body fluids, e.g., blood, serum, urine, amniotic fluid, tissue extracts, cerebrospinal fluid, and the like.

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The samples may require special -treatment such as extraction before being analyzed, depending on the tendency of the antigens contained therein towar-l lability, aggregation or absorption by the storage container.
The antigens or antigenic ma-terials to he ascaye~ by thr?
procedure of this invention may he defined broadly as substances which are recognizecl and bound by antibodies. Thus, the term "antigen"
includes both immunogenic entities (eliciting an immune response) and hapten entities (no-t eliciting an immune response). Inclucled among such substances are, e.g., horrnones, cells, drugs, enzymes, proteins, peptides, cell surface antigens and other cellular components, differentation antigens, lyrnphokines, grow-th factors, bacteria, viruses, immunoglobulins, allergens, microbial antigen, toxins such as, e.g., those associated with tetanus and venom, other pathogens, and mixtures of two or more different types of these antigens.
Examples of specific antigens which may be assayed include Immunoglobulin E, tumor marker antigen, insulin, human thyroid stimulating hormone, parathyroid hormone, nerve growth factor, human growth hormone, tetanus toxin, albumin, ovalbumin, ferritin, GFA
protein, S-100 protein, blood coagulation factor VIII, human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fet3protein, carcinoernbryGnic antigen, hepatitus A
and B, and proteins of human prostate tissue such as prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate antigen, as described in European Patent Publication 0,042,428 and by K. Kuriyama et al., JNCI, 68, 99-105 (1982). Preferably the antigens present in the sample will each be multideterminant, i.e., will contain at least two epitopes which differ immunologically and are recognized and hound by cornplementary antibodies. Most preferably the mixture of anticJens comprises prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate antigen.
As an illustration of one type of assay herein, -the simultaneous dual sandwich immunometric assay of two antigens consists of one monoclonal antibody against one antigen and another monoclonal antibody against another antigen which are both immobilized on one support, such as polystyrene beads, and of one monoclonal antibody against one antigen and another monoclonal antibody against another ~ ~5~3~

antigen separately conjugated with either the same or different detection signals, as labels, whether they be, for example, enzymes, radioactive labels or fluorescent compounds.
The morocional antibo~ies which are employed in the assay of 5 this invention are yenerally obtained according to the somatic cell hybrirlization procedure described by Milstein et al., Nature, 256, 495-497 (1975) and Koehler et al., Eur. J. Immunol., 6, 511-519 (1976). ~asically in this procedure a mouse or other appropriate host animal is injected with an immunogen and -then sacrificed. The resulting antibody-producing cells, taken, e.g., from its spleen or lymphoid tissue, are fused with appropriate selectable cancer (myeloma) cells using a suitahle fusogen such as polyethylene glycol to form a hybridoma. Preferred myelorna cells are those which fuse efficiently, support stahle high level expression of antibody by the 15 selected antibody-producing cells, and are sensitive to a mediurn such as HAT meclium. Among these, preferred myeloma cell lines are murine myeloma lines such as those derived from ~OPC-21 and ~PC-11 mouse tumors available from the Salk Ins-titute Cell Distribution Center in San Diego, California. The hybridomas thus prepared are washed to 20 remove the fl~sogen and then seeded and grown in the selective media such as HAT to select only those nybridomas resistant to the medium and immortal.
The hybridomas thus selected are screened For production of individual antibodies directed against the specific antigens by, e.g., 25 radioimmunoassay and/or enzyme immunoassay and are generally screened for affinity by similar techniques. Positive clones which produce antibodies that hind to different epitopes of one particular antigen may be selected, in one technique by illustration only, by incubating the antigen first with unlabeled antibody froln one of the clones and 30 next with labeled antibody from another clone to determine whether binding of the labeled antibody was blocked hy binding of the unlabeled antibody. It is noted that the labelecl monoclonal antibodies of this inven-tion may not only be whole imrnunoglobulin, but may also be monovalent or divalent fragments of the antibodies which 35 bind to the antigen. Such fragments may be prepared by digesting the ~ ~.3,~

monoclonal antibody desired with suitahle enzymes and isolating the desired fragment from the digest.
After the hybridomas are screened to isolate individual clones which secrete -the ant-ibodies of the desired specificity, reactivity, and affinity, the clones may be subcloned by limiting dilution procedures and grown by known procedures. The monoclonal antibodies secreted by the subclones may be separa-ted from the culture medium, ascites fluid or serum by conventional immunoglobulin purification procedures such as, e.g., ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel electrophoresis, dialysis, DEAE cellulose chromatography or affinity chromatography.
The antibodies produced by and isolated from the individual hybridoma cell lines in turn are screened for their affinity for the immunogenic substance w'nich had stimulated the production of the antibodies. In a preferreri embodiment the monoclonal antibody selected from the screening will have an affinity of at least about 108 liters per mole, more preferably at least 109 liters per mole.
~ hether the unlabeled immobilized monoclonal antibody directed against one antigen can be different from the labeled 20 monnclonal antibody directed against the same antigen will deDend mainly on the type of antigen being employecl. For example, if the antigen contains two or more identical epitopes which are sufficiently distant from each other to permit the same antibodies to bind simultaneously, such as PAP, then the same antibodies can be used for 25 both the labeled and unlabeled antibodies directed against the same antigen. If, however, the antigen contains epitopes which are all d-ifferent from cach other, such as PA, the antibodies are necessarily different from each other. Preferably the monoclonal antibodies directed against each dntigen are different, and most preferably all the monoclonal antiboclies employed in the assay are from different cell lines.
The labeled monoclonal antibodies direc-ted against each antigen employed for the assay herein are monoclonal antibodies which are usually soluble in the fluid to be tested and are labeled with 3~3 signal moieties which may be the same or different for each antibody and which can be conveniently detected for diagnostic purposes~ Thus, each antibody may be conjugated separately with the same label moiety, i or each may be conjugaterl separately to different libels for ease of differential measurement. Included among such signal moieties are, for example, enzyme labels, such as alkaline phosphatase, hiotin-avidin, ~-galactosidase or horseradish peroxidase, detectable by addition of a substrate; spectroscopic or photochemical lahels, such as a fluorescent label, e.g., fluorescein isothiocyanate or rhodamine, detectable by fluorimetry, or chemilurninescent labels such as luciferin; radioactive isotopic labels, such as, e.g., 125I, 32p, 14C
or 3~1, detectable by radioactive means; spin labels; bacteriophage labels; and the like. In addition, an indirect assay may be employed wherein labeled antisera against the monoclonal antibody to be la~b~led~
-"15 are added to the medium, as described in U.S. ~ rl-~ No. ~ ,Z9~,_ - supra, so as to produce the labeled antibody in situ.
To obtain qualitative measurernents of each type of antigen present in a sample, using a single label moiety in the assay is sufficient. If it is desirable to perform quantitative measurements of the amounts of each type of antigen present in the sample, however, it may be necessary and is preferred to use the assay having different labels which can be detected by different detection signals. For example, two separate enzymes may be employed in the assay which catalyze their respective substrates, the products of which absorb at different wavelengths. The location and height of the absorbance peaks will determine the type and amount of each antigen present in the sample.
One determining factor as to which signal moiety or moieties to employ is the optimum pH at which each operates. For example, horseradish peroxidase operates at an optimum pH of about 6.0, whereas ~-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase operate optimally at alkaline pH values, with 8.1 optimum for ~-galactosidase and 10.2 optimllm for alkaline phosphatase. If more than one enzyme label moiety is being employed, the substrates for the enzymes are added such that the substrate for the enzyme operating optimally at the lower pH is added first.

~.2523~3 Any method known in the art for separately conjugating the antibodies to the signal moieties may be employed, including those methods described by U.S. Patent Nos. 3,940,475 (fluorimetry) and 3,645,090 (enzymes), Hunter et al., Nature, 144, 945 (1962), David et al., Biochemistry, 13, 1014-1021 (1974), Pain et al., J. Immunol.
Methods, 40, 219-230 (1981), and Nygren, J. Histochem. and Cytochem., 30, 407-412 (1982). The numher of different labeled antibodies in the assay of the present invention depends on the number of antigens in the sample, but is by necessity at least two, because the sample being tested will contain at least two antigens.
The monoclonal antibodies directed against each antigen which are together immobilized on a single support are generally insoluble in the fluid to be tested, are not labeled with any signal moiety, and are used to extract physically the antigens from the sample. The support or carrier on which the antibodies are immobilized is generally essentially water-insoluble and may be any support known to be useful in immunometric assays, inclllding supports in the form of, e.g., surfaces, particles, porous matrices, etc.
Examples of commonly used supports include filter paper, Sephadex, 20 polyvinylchloride, plastic beads or test tubes manufactured from polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and the like, agarose, crosslinked dextran, other polysaccharides, etc. ~he preferred such support herein is polystyrene beads.
The numher of different immobilized antibodies in the assay 25 herein will depend, as with the labeled antibodies, on the number of antigens in the sample, but is by necessity at least two, because -the sample to be tested wi?' con~ain at least two antigens.
The method for conjugating the support to the antibodies, which may occur before or during the assay as desired, is achieved by chemically or physically conjugating the antihody to an essentially water-insoluble surface, matrix or body. The method described in IJ.S.
Patent No. 3,645,852 or in Rotmans et al., J. Immunol. Methods, 57, 87-98 (1983) for conjugating a single antibody to a support may generally be employed, with the following specific modifications. The ~ ~5~3B~
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, -12-! support is first activated as necessary (e.g., the support is ! chemically modified as by treating polystyrene beads with nitric acid and a reducing agent). Secondly, the support is mixed with the ; antbodies to be conjugated therewith. This mixing is generally carried out in a buffer at a suitable pH, preferably 2-(N-morpholino)ethenesulfonic acid at pH 6, and in the presence of a crosslinking agent, preferably 3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EOAC). Approximately equivalent amounts of each antibody are added to this support medium to give a concentration of each which is appropriate for the medium to which they are added, and preferably are added to yield a final concentration of each of 0.005% by weight/volume. After incubation the mixture may be washed with buffer and stored in a buffer.
Any of the known assay methods may be employed in the 15 present invention, including the forward, reverse or simultaneolls assay. In a forward assay the immobilized antibodies are first incubated with the sample being tested to extract the antigens therefrom by forming a binary immobilized antibodies:antigens complex. The solid complex formed is then washed to remove the sample 20 and incubated with the solutions of labeled antibodies until an immobilized antibodies:antlgens labeled antibodies complex is formed. This complex is washed to remove the unreacted labeled antibodies and then tested for presence of antigens by, for example, detecting the presence of labeled antibodies relative to a control 25 sample containing no antigen.
In the simultaneous assay the unlabeled immobilized antibodies and -the labeled antibodies are hoth added to the test sample simultaneously and incubated in one step. Af-ter incubation the resulting immobilized complex is separated from the liquid and treated, e.g., washed at a suitable pH, to remove selectively the residue of the sample and the nonspecifically bound labeled monoclonal antibodies. The complex thus obtained is then tes-ted for presence of antigens as described above.

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In a reverse assay the labeled antibodies are incubated with the test sample. Then the unlabeled immobilized antibodies are added and a second incuhation is carried out. ~fter this second incubation period the solid phase is washed of the sample and the presence of antigens is detected as described above.
The amounts of antibodies to be employed are effective amounts for forming a detectable complex with the an-tigens. These amounts in turn will depend, e.g., on the type of label(s), the type of antigens, the type of antibodies and the type of assay procedure.
For example, both the simul-taneous and reverse assay procedures, but not the forward assay procedure, require excess amounts of immobilized antibodies over the amounts of each labeled antibody sufficient to bind most or all of the antigens present in the sample. Otherwise, a high dose hook effect will occur where artificially reduced quantities of antigens will be measured when very large amoun-ts of antigens are in fact present in the sample.
The conditions for incubation such as time, temperature, pH, reagent addition sequences, separation (or wash~ procedures and other conditions employed in the immunometric assay of this invention are generally those described for known immunornetric assays. For example, for the forw~rd two-step assay procedure the incubation conditions will favor binding between the antigens and the immobilized monoclonal antibodies, as at reduced temperatures of, e.g., O to 25C, and between the immobilized complex thus produced and the laheled monoclonal antibodies, as at temperatures of about O to 40C. In the reverse two-step method the opposite conditions will be desired. The pH for each me-thod is typically between about 6 and 9, preferably about 7, and the time for the antigen binding reaction to reach equilibrium is generally about 10 minutes to 2 days, depending mainly on the types of antibodies and antigens employe(l as well as the incubation temperature ancl pH.
The presence or absence of antigens in the sample may he determined by, for example, examining the immobilizing support by various known means, especially by measuring the amount of each ~ 2'~'~ 3 labeled antibody bound to the support and comparing this amount to the amount of each labeled antibody detected in a control free of one or both of the antigens or with standard curves. Detecting labeled antibodies in arnounts which are considerably higher than background 5 levels of the negative control indicates qualitatively the presence of one or both of the antigens. If the amount of labeled antihodies is compared with that obtained for standard samples with known amounts of antigens an-l the labels on the antibodies produce different signals, the amount of each antigen can be quantitatively measured.
Alternatively, the amount of antiyens in the sample being assayed can be determined by measuring the amount of unassociated labeled antibodies, i.e., those which do not form a complex during incubation and therefore remain in a soluble form. The particular detection technique employed, of course, will depend on the-type(s) and number 15 of label(s) employed. With cer-tain labels such as enzyme labels the product must be reacted with an appropriate substrate(s~ or ligand(s) to render it de-tectable and is then subjected to, e.g., spectrophotometric analysis.
In one preferred assay procedure herein one solid phase 20 support immobilizing the unlabeled monoclonal antibodies directed against each antigen, the antigenic fluid or patient sample to be tested (preferably in a buffer), and the labeled monoclonal antibody conjugates, directed against each antigen (and in a buffer and in a total amount equal to the amount of antigenic flui-l or sample being 25 employed), are mixed together and simultaneolJsly incubated for from about 30 minutes to about 2 hours at a temperature of 25 to 37C, preferahly for 2 hours at room temperature. The resulting mixture is then washed with bufferecl solution appropriate for the particular ingredients being adcled. The washed mixture is then subjected to a detection means for the label(s), such as, e.g., radioactivity to detect radioisotopes, addition of enzyme substrate(s) such as, e.g.
ortho-phenylenediamine for horseradish peroxicdase, phenolphthalein monophosphate for alkaline phosphatase or p-nitrophenyl ~-D
galactopyranoside for ~-galac-tosidase to form a colored produc-t which may be detected by its absorbance or visible color change, or 31~3~

fluorescence for the fluorescent labels. The amount of signal(s) will directly rela-te to the concentrations of antigens in the sample. If a substra-te is employed to detect an enzyme, a solution of the substrate m~y be adtled to the washed assay and the mixture then incubatecl for l5 to 30 minutes at 25-37C, preferably for 30 minutes at room temperature. If more than one enzyme label is employed, a solution of a different substrate for the second enzyme is then added and the mixture incuhated as described above. Then a solution which terrninates the enzyme action such as an acid rnay be added and the absorbance of the solution measurecl shortly thereafter to deterrnine the amount of bound antigens.
In another preferre-l assay procedure herein the solid phase support immobilizing the unlabeled antibodies and the antigenic -fluid or patient sample to be tested are mixed together, incuba-ted as described for the simultaneous assay and then aspirated. To the aspirated mixture is then added the la5eled antihody conjuga-tes and the resulting mixture is incubated as described for the simultaneous assay. The mixture is then washed with appropriate buffer solution, an-? the washed mixture is then subjected to appropriate detection 20 means for the label(s) as described above.
The examples which follow further illustrate -the embodiments of the invention. In the examples all parts and percentages are by weight per volume and all temperatures in legrees Celsius unless otherwise no-ted.

2 5 EXAMPLE I
Prost3t?c a.i-l phnsphatas? /DAP~ and pros~ate antigen !~A~
were selected as the antigens to be detecte(l. Each of these antigens has at least three distinc-t epitopes. For use in this invention the PA and PAP were ohtained from human semen fluid from Pathology Institu-te, a fertility clinic which is a part of Alta Ba-tes Hospital in Berkeley, California.

2~8 A. Preparation of Purified PA and PAP Antigens All of the steps described below were carried out at 4C.
The entire procedure was carried out in three weeks. nuring the purification of PAP and PA the molecular weight, enzyme activity, and/or immunological reactivity to comrnercially available antibodies were used to monitor the location of PAP and PA in the various steps and fractions.
About 50 frozen human semen samples containing PAP and PA, obtained dS described above in the preface to the example, were thawed in the upright position. To each sample was added 5 ml of 50 mM
sodium acetate buffer at pH 5.0 containing sodium acetate and sodium chloride. The samples were rernoved from their containers and pooled;
the empty containers were each rinsed with 20 ml of the sodium acetate buffer; and the rinse wash and samples were combined. The combined samples were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 20 minutes, the pellet was discarded, and the supernatant was collected and its volume measured. To the supernatant was added solid ammoniurn sulfat.e in an amount of 0.114 9 ammonium sulfate per ml of supernatant to yield a final 20% saturation. The mixture was stirred anri allowed to stand for 30 minutes. The resulting solution was centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 20 minutes, the pellet was discarded, and the supernatant was collected and measured for its volume. To the supernatant was added 0.424 9 ammonium sulfate per ml of supernatant to yield a final 80%
saturation. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution and then allowed to stand for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the rnixture was centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 20 minutes, the supernatant was discarded, and the pelle-t was dissolved in abollt 2n3 ml of a Tris buffer consisting of 20 mM Tris-HCl at pH 7.5 containing 0.5 M NaCI, 1 mM MnC12, 1 mM MgC12 and 1 mM CaC12.
The dissolved pellet was then dialyzed against 1 liter of the same Tris buffer using three changes of buffer. ~e sample was `- then loaded on a ConA-Sepharose column previously equilibrated with the Tris buffer. The column was washed with the Tris buffer until the absorbance of the elution at 280 nm was less than 0.02 Absorbance ~ 7'R~ D~ /n P Rl~

~.~5.'2,~3~3 units. The column was then eluted with O.S M ~-methyl-D-glucoside in the Tris buffer. ~e bound frdctions contdining PAP dnd PA were pooled and the pooled sdmple wdS concentrated to about S0 ml using dn Amicon concentrator. The sdmple WdS then split into 7 ml aliquots and edch dliquot wdS loaded on d Sephacryl S-300 rolumn previously calibrated ~ith molecular weight rndrkers, The columns were elllte~
with S0 nM of the so~ium acetate buffer described above at pH 6Ø
The fractions at molec~lar weight 100,000 containing PAP were poole~, and the fractions at molecular weight 33,000 to 34,000 containing PA
1~ were pooled.
Each pooled sample ~as dialyzed against 1 liter of 20 ~M
~;? Tris-~Cl buffer de p~ 7.5 with three changes of buffer and then ~as loaded on d DEAE-Sepharose ~ olumn prevlously equilibrated ~ith 20 ~M
TrSs-~Cl buffer at pH 7.5. The columns were then washed ~1th 20 ~M
Tris-HCl buffer at p~ 7.5 until the absorbance of the elution ~t 2~0 nm WdS less thar, 0.02 Absorbance units.
The column with the PAP sample was eluterl with salt gradient (75 mM to 250 mM NaCl in 20 rrM Tris-HCl a~ p~ 7.5). rne fractions containing PAP were pooled. PAP was shown to consist of only on2 band by pol~acrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions.
rhis mdterial is referred to herein as ?urified PAP.
The column with the PA 5dmple was eluted with sdlt grariient (0 to 200 ~M NdCI in 20 ~1 Tris-HCI at pH 7,5) rhe fractions containing PA ~ere pooled. PA waS shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under dendtllring conditions. T~is materidl is referred to herein dS purified PA.

. Pre p d ration of Antihorlies __ Two monoclonal antibodies directed a9dinst PAP fro,n different cell lines dnd two monoclondl dntibodies directed dgainst PA
from different cell lines were prepdred essentidlly by the somdtiC
cell hybridizdtion method riescribed by G. Koehler et dl., Eur. ~).
Immunol., 6, 511-519 (1976), bUt using myeloma cells fro,n d different cell line. For the anti~o~ies used in the dSSdy technique of this Trad~ Mar);

~ ~5;~

invention, BALB/c mice purchased from Charles River Lah, Cambridge, Massachusetts were initially injected intraperitoneally with a mixture of 50 ~g of purified PA or 50 ~9 of purified PAP and an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant complete (commercially obtained). After 2 weeks the mice ~ere injected intraperitoneally with a mixture of 20 ~9 of purified PAP or 20 ~9 of purified PA and an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant incomplete. The mice were -then injected with the same antigen mixtures at several weekly intervals thereafter up to about 49-52 days after the initial injec-tion. The last injection consisted of 10 ~9 o-f purified PA or 10 ~9 of purified PAP and an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant incomplete. Two or three days after the final immunization, the mice were sacrificed, and their spleens were removed. The spleen cells were suspended in nul becco's Modified Eagle's Medium (nMEM) and fused to SP2/iOAg14 myelor~a cells (available commercially, deposited in the American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn 3rive, Rockville, ~d. 20~52 as ATCC ~o. CRL 1581, and derived by cloning the murine myeloma SP-2 cell line and selecting the one clone which is sensitive to hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) medium) in a ratio of spleen to myeloma of 1:1 by cell number, using polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 1000 as a fusogen. The fusion product was plated in a microtiter plate well and then contacted with a solution of 1.0 x 10-4~ hypoxanthine, 4 x 10-7M aminopterin and 1.6 x 10-5M thymidine (HAT) in DMEM. The clones in the plate well were then grown in mass culture and centrifuged. The supernatant was then screened for positive clones using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. In this method 2.5 ~9 of purified PAP or PA per ml of phosphate buffer containing saline (PBS) at pH 7.5 was hound to indiviciual weIls of polystyrene microtiter plates by incubating them in 0.1 M sodium carbonate at pH 9.6 overnight. Binciing of weakly reacted antibodies to the plates was redIlced by washing the wells between selected steps with a Tween detergent containing 0.05 M PBS at pH 7.5. After the plates were coated with antigen, the hybridoma supernatant, diluted 1:3 by volume with DMEM, was aclded to the wells and incuhateri at room temperature for 1-2 hours. The wells were then washed with -the detergent described above. Specifically bound PA or ;~ 2~ 3~3 PAP antibodies were detected by adding rabbit anti-mouse IgG-horseradish peroxidase to the wells and incubating for 30 minutes.
The wells were again washed with the detergent described above and 0.2 ml oF 2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) substrate was 5 added to the wells. The wells were then submitted for spectrophotometric analysis. For this purpose optical density (in Absorbance units) was measured at 414 nm on d Micro Elisa reader. The background was found to be about 0.1 Absorbance units. A highly intense color of the well indicated a high density of highly positive clones of -the antibodies. ~ells showing an optical density greater than that of the background were saved. Sixty-nine out of 1233 clones against PAP and 33 out of 526 clones against PA were identi-fied as positive in this initial microtiter plate assay screening. Of these positive clones, those having an optical density greater than 1.5 Absorbance units were saved, indicating that they have high reactivity. Twenty-seven out of the 69 positive clones against PAP
and 24 out of the 33 posi-tive clones against PA were found to have high reactivity.
The highly reactive clones thus saved were tested for their 20 affinities to PA or PAP by solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques by being added to a huffer containins a radioactive tracer (labeled PA or PAP antigen), a solid phase support bound to the second antihody, and an inhibibor (unlabeled antigen) and incubated for 2 hours at 20C and centrifuged. The radioactivity of the labeled 25 antigen bound to the solid phase was cletermined. Frorn this experilnent the average affinity of each antibody for the antigen stimulating its original production (PA or PAP) could be calculated. Further details describing the precise competitive radioimmunoassay technique employed are provided in R. Mueller, J. Immunol. Methods, 34, 345-352 (1980).
Of the 27 clones which were found to bind selectively to PAP in the test described above, seven had an affinity to PAP of at least 1 x 109 liters per mole. Of the 24 clones which were found to bind selectively to PA in the test described above, nine had an affinity to PA of at least 1 x 109 liters per mole.

~ ~5~

The sixteen clones thus screened were also tested for genetic stability, ~sotype and sensitivity for PA or PAP detectionO
Genetic stability is the ability of the clones to produce tumors when injected into mice and kept in t1ssue culture and to produce monoclonal antibodies for six months after original lsolation of the clones. The monoclonal antibodies were detected by RIA as described by R. Mueller, supra, or by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) as described herein for the entire six-month period. All sixteen clones were found to be genet~cally stable.
Ihe sixteen clones were also tested for their specificity for binding to particular epitopes of their respective antigens by competitive or additive binding and immunoprecipitation studies well known in the art9 and for their detection sensitivity by EIA
techniques as described herein. Finally 9 the sixteen clones which bound selectively to PAP or PA were isotyped using a commercial kit with known procedures and all were found to be IgGs of the subclass 1.
Among the nine monoclonal antibodies directed against PA
prepared from positive clones and screened for affinity, selectivity, and stability, as well as isotype and sensitivity, were two designated as CETUS RLSD06 (Anti-PA 1) and CETUS RLSD09 (Anti-PA 2), ~hich are directed against two different epitopes of PA. Among the seven monoclonal antibodies directed against PAP prepared from positive clones and screened ~or affinity, selectivity, and stability, as well as isotype and sensitivity, were two designated as CE~JS RLTM01* (~nti-PAP 1) and CETUS RLT~0~ (Anti-PAP 2), which are directed against two different epitopes of PAP. Samples of the clones that produced these four antibodies were deposited with the Amærican Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20852, U.S.A., and the deposit numbers assigned to them and the dates of deposit, as well as the minimum detection levels (i.e., higher levels can be detected) and affinities of ach antibody, are indicated further hereinbelow in Table I.
* Trade Mark ~.~S~31~8 TABLE I
Monoclonal Antibodies to PAP and PA

Minimum Description of Detection of Affinity Antibody Antigen (ng/ml)(liters/mole) CETUS RLTM01 (Anti-PAP 1) 0.5 0.3 x 101 (deposited as a hybridoma having ATCC No. HB8526 on March 15, 1984) CETUS RLSD06 (Anti-PA 1) 0.5 1.1 x 101 (deposite1 as a hybridoma having ATCC No. HB8527 on March 15, 1984) CETUS RLTM02 (Anti-PAP 2) 0.5 0.42 x 101 (deposited as a hybridoma having ATCC No. HB8523 on March 15, 1984) CETUS RLSDO9 (Anti-PA 2) 0.5 0.41 x 101 (deposited as a hybridoma having ATCC ~o. HB8525 on March 15, 1984) All of the hybridoma cell lines above described were deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) of Rockville, MD 20852. Each hybridoma cell line deposited with ATCC has the individual ATCC designations indicated in Table I pursuant to d contract between the ATCC and the assignee of this patent application, Cetus Corporation. The contract with ATCC provides for permanent availability of the progeny of these hybridoma cell lines to the public on the issuance of the U.S. patent describing and identifying the deposits or the publications or upon the laying open to the public of any U.S. or foreign paten-t app'lication, whichever comes first, and for availability of the progeny of these hybridoma cell lines to one determined by the U.S. Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to be entitled thereto according to 35 U.S.C. 122 and the Commissioner's rules pursuant thereto (including 37 CFR 1.14 with particular reference to 886 OG 638). The assignee of the present application has

3 ~ ~

agreed that if any of these hybridoma cell lines on deposit should die or be lost or destroyed when cultivated under suitable conditions, it will be promptly replaced on notification with a viable culture of the same hybridoma cell line.
Following identification and screening oF positive clones, the cel'ls were subcloned several tirnes to ensure their monoclonal natl~re and then grown in mass culture and injected intraperitoneally into Ba'lb/c mice to prqdllce arltibody-rich ascitic fluirl. This fluid, which was recovered from the mouse by syringe, contained the desired monoclonal antibotly as well as globulin and other proteins.
The specific monoclonal antibodies desired were purified from the ascitic fluid as follows, each step being conducted at 4C.
A total of 10 ml of the mouse ascitic fluid was centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The resulting pellet was discarded and the volume 15 of supernatant determined. Solid ammonium sulfate was added in an amount o-f 0.243 9 to 1 ml of supernatant to yield a final 40%
saturation. The resulting mixture was stirred and then allowed to s-tand for 30 minutes. Then it was centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 20 minutes. The supernatant was discarded and the pellet was dissolved 20 in 10 ml of 20 mM sodium phosphate at pH 7.5. This solution was dialyzed against l liter of 20 n~ sodium phosphate at pH 7.5, with three changes of huffer, and the resulting sample was collected.
Thereafter the sample was centrifugefl at 14,000 rpm for 20 minu-tes and the pellet discarfled. The protein concentration and volume of the 25 supernatant were measlJred dnd it was loaded on a DEAE Affi-Gel ~lue column of appropriate size. Then the column was eluted with 20 mM
sodium phosphate at pH 7.5 until the absorbdnce oF the solution at 280 nm as measured by spectrophotometer was less than 0.02 Absorbance units. The fractions of the first absorbance peak with a maximum absorbance of almost 1.0 Absorbance units, exclucliny the fractions representing a very srnall peak at the beginning, were pooled and concentrated in a concentrator to about 10 ml. The resulting sample was measured for protein content and for immunological reactivity by radioimmunoassay methods known in the art. Each monoclonal antibody purified in this manner was found to be pure and to be immunologically active.

C. Conjugation of Antibodies to Immobilizing Support One antibody to PAP (CETUS RLTM01 (Anti-PAP 1)) and one antibody to PA (CETUS RLSD06 (An-ti-PA 1)) were conjugated to polystyrene beads by the following two-step procedure:
I. Chemical rnodification of polystyrene beads !

To ~000 polystyrene beads of 6.4 nm diameter obtained commercidlly was added 1 liter of a solution of 10~ fuming ni-tric acid in glacial acetic acid. This solution was then incuhated for 2 hours at 50C and then washe-l about ten times with distilled wa-ter. A total of 1 liter of a solution of 1% sodium di-thionite in 0.1~ sodium hydroxide (as a reducing agent) was added to the solution and the resulting mixture was incubated for 2 hours at 50C. Then the sample was washed with distilled water ahout ten times.
II. Covalent bonding of monoclonal antibodies to modified polystyrene beads To the polystyrene beads rnodified as described above was added, sequentially with 10 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethenesulfonic acid buffer at pH 6, 3-(3-dilnethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDAC) to a final concen-tration of 0~1%~ Then both the monoclonal antibodies (to 20 a final concentration of each of 0.005~,) were added. The to-tal amount of solution added was 600 ml. This mixture was incubated for one hour at room temperature and then washed five times with 50 mM Tris-HCl at pH 7.5. ~ mixture of l~o hovine serum albumin (BSA) in a Tris buffer consisting of 50 mM Tris-HCl at pH 7.5, 0.1 M NaCl and 0.05% of d 25 preservative was then added to the washe-l rnixture and the resulting mixture was stored at 4C until use.

. Conjugation of Antihodies ~o Enzyme Label All of the steps described in this procedure were carried out at ~C unless otherwise indicated. All of the buffers and reagents employed in the procedure were flushed with nitrogen and then sealed with paraffin. Horseradish peroxiclase (HRP) enzyme was used as the assay signal.

~ ~5~3~3 -2~-I. Preparation of horseradish peroxidase enzyme fraction The horseradish peroxidase employed, obtained commercially, had a molecular weight of 40,000 and a concentration of 25.5 mg per ml in a conjugation buffer of 0.1 M sodium phosphate and 0.1 M sodium 5 chloride at p~l 7.5. The HRP solution was dialyzed against the same conjugation buffer and recovered in an amount of about 1.7 ml. To the HRP solution was added 315 ~l of a 40 mM solution of N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyrid~yl-dithio)propionate (SPDP) in 10070 ethanol, to yield a ratio of SPDP: peroxidase of 12,600 ~M: 630.5 ~M (20:1 molar ratio). The 10 mixture was then stirred and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature and -then loaded on a Sephadex G-25 column with 50 ml bed vol ume previ ously equi l i brated wi th a sodi um aceta-te huf fer consi sti ng of 0.1 M sodium acetate at pH 4.5 and 0.1 M sodillm chloride. The voi-l volume peak was collected in about 8 to 13 fractions and then 15 concentrated to about 1.5 ml, and the concentrator was rinsed with 0.5 ml sodium acetate huffer. Then, in a reduction step, a freshly prepared stock buffer consisting of 0.5 M dithiothreitol in the sodiurT
acetate buffer was added to a final concentration of 50 rnM
di-thiothreitol. The mixture was then stirred and incubated for 20 20 minutes at room temperature. Immediately after incubation the rnixture was l oaded on a Sephadex G-25 col umn wi th a 50 ml bed vol ume previously equilibrated with sodium phosphate. ~he void volume peak was pooled from about 8 to 12 fractions and concentrated to 2.5 ml.
II. Preparation of monoclonal antibody fraction The desired monoclonal antibodies (CETUS RLTM02 (Anti-PAP 2) and CETIJS RLSD09 (An-ti-PA 2)), screened and purified as describe-l above and in a concentration of 10 mg per ml of the conjugation buffer described above, were dialyzed against the same conjugation buffer and recovered in an amount of about 1.25 ml . To each puri fied antibody 30 (immunoglobulin G) was aclded 7.9 Ill oF a 40 mM solution of SPDP in 100% ethanol, to yield a rnolar ra-tio of antibody to SPDP of 1:5. Each mixture was then stirred and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature and then loaded on a Sephadex G-25 column with 50 ml betd vol ume previ ously equi l i brated wi th sodi um phosphate buf fer. The voi d 35 volume peak fractions for each antibody were pooled and concentrated to 2.5 ml .

3~3 III. Conjugation of enzyme with antibody This step was carried out twice using the two different antibodies. The HRP enzyme fraction and the antibody fraction obtained from above Steps I and II respectively were combined and stirred, and the mixture was incubated for 22 hours at room temperature. The mixture was then loaded on d Bio-Gel P-300 column with 500 ml bed volume previously equilibrated with 0.()5 ~ PBS
solution at pH 7.5, and was eluted with PBS for about 3-4 days. The fractions containing the enzyme:antibody conjugate (at the 238,000 molecular weight position) were pooled and tested for sensitivity as described below.

E. Preparation of PA, PAP and PA/PAP Antigen Standards The procedure described in Sec. A was employed up to and including the step where the mixture of 0.424 9 ammonium sulfate per ml of supernatant was centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 20 minutes anrl the supernatant was discarded. The pellet thus recovered was dissolved in about 200 ml of PBS using 4-5 strokes slowly in a homogenizer.
The dissolved pellet was then dialyzed against 4 liters of PBS using three changes of PBS. The sample was then centrifugerl at 14,000 rpm for 20 minutes and the pellet discarded. The supernatant (300 mg/20 ml) containing PAP and PA was further passed through a Sepharlex S-300 column and eluted with PBS at p~ 7.5. Tile PAP antigen standard was pooled from the fractions at molecular weight 100,000 and the PA antigen standard was pooled from the fractions at molecular weight 34,000. A small aliquot from the pooled PAP and PA antigen standard samples was analyzed for antigen concentration by RIA or EIA
using purified PA and PAP as a standard or a commercial kit stanrlard.
A 50:50 mixture of PA and PAP by weight WdS prepared by mixing the two separate PAP and PA antigen standards together.

~.2~'~3~38 F. Simultaneous_Enzyme Immunometric Assay In the description below, the Ab designations are shorthand representations for each conjugated antibody as follows:

ConJugatf~ Description Abl CETIJS RLTM01 (Anti-PAP 1) and CEnJS RLS~05 (Anti-PA 1) bound to polystyrene beads Ah2 CETUS RLTM02 (Anti-PAP 2) separately bound to HRP
Ab3 CETUS RLSnO9 (Anti-PA 2) separa-tely bound to HRP
I. A sandwich immunometric assay, designated Assay PAP -~ PA, of the :PAP:Ab2 type Abl was evaluated by the following procedllre:
:PA:Ab3 The conjugate of immobilized monoclonal antibodies (Abl) was removed from the suspension of eSA and Tris buffer. The 50:50 mixture of PAP and PA as antigen standard described in Sec. E was added to 5%
BSA in the Tris buffer of 50 m~1 Tris-HCl of pH 7.5, 0.1 M NaCl and 20 0.05% preservative to yield a total mixture of 200 ~l of PA and PAP.
The monoclonal antibodies bound to the HRP enzyme (~h2 and Ab3) were each added to 5~O BSA in the Tris buffer to yield 20n ~l solutions of each conjugate. ~bl was combined with these solutions of ~b2 and Ab3 together with the 200 ~l of PAP/PA antigen standard, and the resulting 25 mixture was incubated for two hours at room temperatlJre. Then the mixture was washed three times with 4 ml each time of a solution of n.01 M Tris-HCl of pH 7.5, 0.15 M sodium chloride, 0.1% BS~, n.05%
nonionic detergent, and 0.05~, preservative.
To the washed mixture was added n.5 ml of a solution of ortho-phenylenediamine (acting as substrate to the HRP) made by dissolving 0.25 y of the substrate powfIer in 100 ml of a buffer at pH
6.0, consisting of 0.05 M sodium citrate, 0.1 M sodium phosphate, 0.03% urea hydrogen peroxide and 0.05% thimerosal. The resultiny mixture was stirred and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature and then 1 ml of lN HC1 solution was added to stop -the enzyme action. Within 60 minutes of adding the HCl, the absorbance of the solution at 492 nrn was measured. The absorbance measures the amount of antigen bound. The quantity of PA and PAP in the sample may be determined frorn a standard curve constructed in an identical manner with the use of various concentrations of purified PAP and PA. The results were repeated using varyiny -total amounts of PAP and PA (equal amounts of each) frorn 0 -to 200 ng/ml of test solution.
Il. A sandwich immunometric assay, designa-ted Assay PA, of the type Abl:PA:Ab3 was evaluated as a control by the procedure described above in Sec. FI except that 200 ~1 of PA, but not PAP, was used as antigen standard and 200 ~1 of Ab3 solution, but not Ab2 solution, was employed. The absorbance analysis was repeated using amounts of PA
varying from 0 to 100 ng per ml of test solu-tion.
15 111. A sandwich immunometric assay, designated Assay PAP, of the type Abl:PAP:Ab2 was evaluated as a control by the procedure described above in Sec. Fl except that 200 ~1 of PAP, but not r'A, was used as antigen s-tandard, anri 200 ~1 of Ab2 solution, but not Ab3 solution, was employed. The absorbance analysis was repeated using amounts of 20 PAP varying frorn 0 to 100 ng per ml of test solution.
The plots of absorbance versus concentration of PA, PAP, and PAP + PA for Assay PA, PAP, and PAP ~ PA, respectively, are provided in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows -that Assay PAP ~ PA, -the assay representative of this invention which contains two labeled 25 antibodies, exhibits far superior sensitivity toward the rnultiple antigens than does either control assay, which contains only one labeled antibody, toward its single antigen. Moreover, the assay herein is sufficiently sensitive to detect the presence of antigens in total amoun-ts of less than 1 ng per ml.

G. Two-Step Enzyme Immunometric Assay In the description below, the Ab designations employerl are the same as those used in Sec. F.

3~3~

-2~3-A sandwich immunometric assay which is the same as that :PAP:Ab2 described in Sec. F, namely Abl , was prepared by the :PA:Ab3 following multi-step procedure:
The conjugate Ahl was removefl frorn the suspension of BSA and ; Tris buffer. The 50:50 rnixture oF PAP and PA as antigen standar-I
described in Sec. E was added to 5~O BSA in the Tris buffer oF 50 m~
Tris-HCl of p~I 7.5 0.1 M NaCl and 0.05~/~ preservative to yield a total mixture of 200 ~l of PA and PAP. Conjugate Abl was combined with the antiyen mixture and the rnixture was stirred and incubated for one hour at roorn temperature. A total of 1 ml o-F water was then added and the rnixture was aspirated to remove the solution.
The conjugates Ab2 and Ab3 containing the HRP enzyme label were each added to 5% BSA in the Tris buffer described above to yield 200 ~l solutions of each conjugate. Each conjugate was added to the aspirated mixture of Abl and antigen standards. The resulting mixture was stirred and incubated for one hour at room temperature. Tnen the mixture was washed three times with 4 ml each time of distilled water or of the washing Tris buffer employed in Sec. F
To the washed mixture was added 0.3 ml of a solution of ortho-phenylenediamine (acting as substrate to the HRP) made by dissolving 30 mg of the suhstrate tahlet in 12 ml of a buffer at pH
6.0 consisting of 0.05 ~ socIium citrate 0.1 ~ sodium phosphate 0.03Vo urea hydrogen peroxide and 0.05% thimerosal. The resulting mixture was stirred and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature and then 1 rnl of lN HCl solution was addetI to stop the enzyme action. I~ithin 60 minutes oF adding the HCl -the absorbance of the solution at 492 nm was measurec! to determine the amounts of PA and PAP
bound. The results oF the assay were found to be essentially the same as the results obtained when the simultaneous enzyme imInunolnetric assay of Sec. F was ernployecl.

~ s~

This example illustrates the use of a test kit having two different labels in conducting the immunometric assay technique of this invention.
All of the steps described above in Example 1 were employed to prepare the test kit against PA and PAP except that one of the labeled antibody conjugates (containing CET~JS RLTM02 (Anti-PAP 2)) contained ~-galactosidase as a label and the other la~eled antibody conjugate (containing CETIJS RLSD09 (Anti-PA 2)) contained alkaline phosphatase as a label, the conjugations being carrie1 out by the following procedures. All steps were carried out at 4C unless otherwise indicated and all of the buffers and reagents employed were flushed with nitrogen and then sealed with paraffin.

A. Conjugation of ~ntibody to Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme I~ Preparation of alkaline phosphatase enzyme fraction The alkaline phosphatase employed, obtained commercially, had a molecular weight of 140,000 and a concentration of 19 mg~rnl in a conjugation buffer of 0.1 M Tris-HCl and 0.1 M sodium chloride at pH
7.4. The alkaline phosphatase solution was dialyzed against the same conjugation buffer and recovered in an amount of about 1.7 ml. To the alkaline phosphatase solution was added 85 ~l of a 40 m~1 solution of SPDP in 100% ethanol, to yield a molar ratio of SPOP : alkaline phosphatase of 25:I. The mixture was then sIirred and incuba-tecI for 30 minlltes at room temperature and then loade-l on a Sephadex G-25 column with 50 ml bed volume previously equilibrated with a sodiIlln acetate buffer consisting of 0.1 M sorIiuln acetate at p~I 4.5 and 0.1 M
sodium chloricle. The voicI volume peak was collected in about ~ to 13 fractions an-I then concentrated to about 1.5 ml, and the concentra-tor was rinsed with 0.5 ml sodium acetate buffer. Then, in a reduction step, a freshly prepared stock buffer consisting of 0.5 M
dithiothrei-tol (DTT) in the sodium acetate buffer was added to a final concentration of 50 mM DTT. The mixture was then stirred and incubated for 20 minu-tes a-t room temperature. Immediately after incubation the rnixture was loaded on a Sephadex G-25 column with a 5J

~ ~S2~

ml bed volurne previously equilibrated with Tris-HCl. The void volume peak was pooled from about 8 to 12 fractions and concentrated to 2.5 ml.
II. Preparation of monoclonal antibody fraction ~le desired monoclonal an-tibody, CEnJS RLSD09 (Anti-PA 2), screened and purified as described in Example 1 and in d concentration of q.3 mg/lnl of the conjuyation buffer described above, was dialyzed agdinst the same conjugation buffer and recovered in an amount of about 1.25 ml. To the purified antibody (irnrnunoglobulin G) was added 10 6.8 ~l of a 40 mM solution o-f SP~)P in 100% ethanol, to yield a rnolar ratio of antibody to SPDP of 1:10. The mixture was then stirred and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature and then loaded on a Sephadex G-25 column with 50 ml bed volume previously equilibrated with Tris-HCl. The void volume peak fractions were pooled and concentrated to 2.5 ml.
III. Conjugation of enzyne with antibody The alkaline phosphatase enzyme fraction and the antibody fraction obtained from above Steps AI and AII, respectively, were combined and stirred, and the rnixture was incubated for 22 hours at 20 room temperature. The mixture was then loaded on a Bio-Gel P-300 column with 500 ml bed volume previously equilibrated with a buffer consisting of 0.1 M Tris-HCl, 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7.4, 10 mM magnesium chloride and 1 mM zinc chloride. The column was eluted with the same buffer for about 3-4 days. The fractions containing the 25 enzyme:dntibody conjugate (at the 430,000 molecular weight position) were pooled and tested for sensitivity as described in Example 1.

B. Conjugation of Antibody to ~-Galactosidase I. Preparation of monoclonal antibody fraction The desired monoclonal antibocly, CETUS RLTM02 (Anti-PAP 2), screened dnd purified as clescribed in Example I and in a concentration of 10 my/rnl of a conjugation buffer of 0.1 M sodiuln phosphate at pll 7.5 and 0.1 M sodium chloride, was lialyzed against the same conjugation bu-Ffer and recovered as a solution of purified ~ 3 irmmunoglobulin G of molecular weight 158,000. To -this solution was added 7.9 ~l of a 40 mM solution of SPDP in lOO~o ethanol, to yield a moldr ratio of antibody to SPDP of 1:5. The mixture was then stirred and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature and then loaded on d Sephatlex~G-25 column with sn ml bed volume previously equilibrated with the conjugation buffer. ~rne column was eluted with the conjugation huffer and the void volume peak fractions were pooled and concentrated to 2.5 ml.
II. Conjugation of enzyme with antibody A total of 34 mg per ml of the conjugation bu-ffer of ~-galactosidase of molecular weight 540,000 commercially obtained from Boehringer ~lannheim in Indianapolis, Indiana and 10 mg per ml of the conjugation buffer of the antibody fraction obtained from above Step I
were cornbined and stirred to yield a 1:1 molar ratio of enzyme to antibody9 and the mixture was incubated for 22 hours at room temperature. The mixture was then loaded on d Bio-Gel~P-300 column with 500 ml bed volume previously equilibrated with the conjugation buffer described in Sec. BI. The column was eluted with the same buffer for about 3-4 days. The fractions containing the 20 enzyme:antibody conjugate were pooled and tested for sensitivity as described in Example 1.

C. Two-Step Enzyme Immunometric Assay In the description below, the Ab designations are shorthand representations for each conjugated antibody as follows:

Conjugate Description Ahl CETUS RLT~n1 ~(Anti-PAP 1) and CETUS RLSD06 ~Anti-PA 1) bound to polystyrene heads Ab4 CETUS RITM()2 ~ANTI-PAP 2) separately bound to ~-galacto-sidase Ab5 CE-nJS RLSD09 ~Anti-PA 2) separately bound to alkaline phosphatase ~ rP~ D ~

~ ~25~3~3 A sandwich immunometric assay, designated Assay PAP' + PA', :PAP:Ab4 of the type Abl was evaluated by the following procedure:
:PA:Ab5 The conjugate of immobilized monoclonal antihodies (Abl) from Example 1 was rernoved from the suspension of BSA and Tris buffer. The PAP and PA antigen standards described in Sec. E of Example 1 ~lere added to 5~O 13SA in the Tris buffer of 50 mM Tris-HCl of pH 7.5, 0.1 M NaCl and O.OS~/O preservative to yield a total of 200 ~l P~P stanclard and 200 ~l PA standard. The conjugates of monoclonal antibodies labeled with their respective enzymes (Ab4 and Ab5) were each added to 5% ~SA in the Tris buffer to yield 200 ~l solutions of each conjugate. Abl was combined with these solutions of antigens and the resulting mixture was stirred and incubated for two hours at room temperature. Then the mixture was aspirated to remove the solution.
The conjugates of monoclonal antibodies labeled with their respective enzymes (~b4 and Ab5) were each added to 57O BSA in the Tris buffer to yield 200 ~l solutions of each conjugate. The solution of Ab4 conjugate and the solution of Ab5 conjuga-te were added to the aspirated mixture of Abl and antigens. The resulting mixture was stirred and incubated for one hour at room temperature. Then the mixture ~as washed three times with ~ ml each time of the Tris-HCl washing buffer described in Sec. FI of Example 1.
To the washed mixture was adde~ n.5 ml of a 2.5 mM solution of p-nitrophen~l ~-D-galactopyranoside (acting as substrate to the ~-galactosidase) in lO mM Tris-~Cl at pH 8.1 containing 5~O ethanol, 10 mM MgCl2 and 0.1 mM ZnCl2. The resulting mixture was stirred and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature. Then n.5 ml of an 8 mM
solution of phenolphthalein monophosphate (acting as substrate to the 30 alkaline phosphatase) in 0.1 M diethanolamine at pH 10.2 was added to the mixture. The resulting mixture was stirred and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature. Then 1 ml of a solution of 0.5 M sodium phosphate at pH 10.2 containing 0.1 M EDTA was added to stop the enzyme action. Within 60 minutes of adding the stopping solution, the absorbance of -the solution at 405 nm was measured to detect ~-galactosidase and therefore the presence and concentration of PAP in ~.~S~3~

~33-1l the sample. The absorbance of the solution at 550 nm was then measured to detect alkaline phosphatase and thus the presence and concentration of PA in the sample.
Figure 2 illustrates plots of absorbance at 405 nm (assay for PAP concentration) and 550 nm (assay for PA concentration) of the assay of this example, namely Assay PAP' ~ PA'. The results indicate that the presence and concentration of PAP and PA in a sample can be simultaneously deterrnined using the assay herein haviny two different enzyme labels conjugated to the antibodies. The reading at 405 nm measures activity of ~-galactosidase and thus indexes the PAP
I concentration, and the reading at 550 nm measures activity of alkaline ; phosphatase and thus indexes the PA concentration in the sample.
It is noted that the above procedure will be successfully carried out if the enzyme labels and antibodies are exchanged. In addition, successful results were obtained when a simultaneous enzyme immunometric assay as described in Sec. FI of Example 1 was employed using the conjugates of this example.
The present invention is seen to provide an improved immunometric assay technique for detecting multiple antigens using as the test kit a single conjugate where at least two monoclonal antibodies directed against at least two antigens are immobilized on a ; solid support.

Claims (20)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OR
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. An immunometric assay for detecting the presence of at least two antigens in a sample which comprises contacting the sample with at least two labeled monoclonal antibodies, each being directed against d different antigen in the sample, and with at least two immobilized monoclonal antibodies, each being directed against a different antigen in the sample and each being immobilized on the same support .

2. The assay of claim 1 wherein each antigen has at least two different epitopes.

3. The assay of claim 2 wherein the monoclonal antibodies are all from different cell lines.

4. The assay of claim 1 wherein the antigens are prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate antigen.

5. The assay of claim 1 wherein the label or labels are selected from the group consisting of enzymes, radioactive isotopes and fluorescent compounds.

6. The assay of claim 1 wherein the labels on each monoclonal antibody are the same.

7. The assay of claim 1 wherein the labels on each monoclonal antibody are different.

8. The assay of claim 1 wherein the sample is a body fluid.

9. The assay of claim 1 wherein the immobilized antibodies are immobilized on polystyrene beads.

10. A direct immunometric assay for detecting the presence of at least two antigens in a sample which comprises:
(a) incubating the sample with at least two immobilized monoclonal antibodies, each being directed against a different antigen in the sample and each being immobilized on the same support;

(b) incubating the incubation product of step (a) with at least two labeled monoclonal antibodies, each being directed against a different antigen in the sample;
(c) detecting the amount of labeled antibodies associated with the incubation product of step (b) or the amount of unassociated labeled antibodies; and (d) determining the amount of antigens in the sample from the amount of labeled antibodies detected from step (c).

11. The assay of claim 10 wherein the antigens are prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate antigen.

12. The assay of claim 10 wherein at least one label is selected from the group consisting of enzymes, radioactive isotopes and fluorescent compounds.

13. An immunometric assay for detecting the presence of at least two antigens in a sample which comprises:
(a) forming a complex of a labeled monoclonal antibody against one antigen in the sample, the antigen, and an unlabeled monoclonal antibody against the same antigen immobilized on a support to which is also immobilized at least one other unlabeled monoclonal antibody against a different antigen in the sample which unlabeled monoclonal antibody is complexed to that antigen, which antigen is in turn complexed to a labeled monoclonal antibody against that antigen;
and (b) measuring either the amount of labeled antibodies bound to the complex or the amount of unbound labeled antibodies to detect the presence of the antigens in the sample.

14. The assay of claim 13 wherein each antibody has an affinity for its respective antigen of at least about 108 liters per mole and wherein the immobilized antibodies, antigens and labeled antibodies are incubated simultaneously to form the complex.

15. The assay of claim 13 wherein the antigens are prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate antigen.

16. A test kit for conducting an immunometric assay for detecting the presence of at least two antigens in a sample, which comprises an effective amount of at least one monoclonal antibody directed against each antigen in the sample and separately conjugated to a single label or to different labels, and an effective amount of at least one unlabeled monoclonal antibody directed against each antigen in the sample, where the unlabeled antibodies are immobilized on a single support.

17. The test kit of claim 16 wherein the antigens are prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate antigen.

18. The test kit of claim 16 wherein at least one label is selected from the group consisting of enzymes, radioactive isotopes and fluorescent compounds.

19. A test kit for conducting an immunometric assay for detecting the presence of at least two antigens in a sample, which comprises an effective amount of at least one monoclonal antibody directed against each antigen in the sample and separately conjugated to a single label or different labels, an effective amount of at least one unlabeled monoclonal antibody directed against each antigen in the sample and an effective amount of a compound capable of immobilizing the unlabeled antibodies on a solid support.

20. The test kit of claim 19 wherein the antigens are prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate antigen.