CA1247726A - Alignment layer orientation in raster scan thermally addressed smectic liquid crystal displays - Google Patents
Alignment layer orientation in raster scan thermally addressed smectic liquid crystal displaysInfo
- Publication number
- CA1247726A CA1247726A CA000464051A CA464051A CA1247726A CA 1247726 A CA1247726 A CA 1247726A CA 000464051 A CA000464051 A CA 000464051A CA 464051 A CA464051 A CA 464051A CA 1247726 A CA1247726 A CA 1247726A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- alignment layer
- cyanobiphenyl
- cell
- laser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/132—Thermal activation of liquid crystals exhibiting a thermo-optic effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133502—Antiglare, refractive index matching layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
Abstract
ALIGNMENT LAYER ORIENTATION IN RASTER
SCAN THERMALLY ADDRESSED SMECTIC
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS
Abstract of the Disclosure The orientation of the alignment layer in a raster-scanned thermally addressed smectic liquid crystal display device can be chosen relative to the writing orientation to accentuate a selected characteristic. A
perpendicular alignment with respect to the scan direction produces uniformly written images in both scan directions to allow high quality bidirectional writing.
In a preferred embodiment the liquid crystal cell includes a liquid crystal material comprising 4-octyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl 37.5%, 4-decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 36.8% weight percent and 4-undecyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 25.7 weight percent.
SCAN THERMALLY ADDRESSED SMECTIC
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS
Abstract of the Disclosure The orientation of the alignment layer in a raster-scanned thermally addressed smectic liquid crystal display device can be chosen relative to the writing orientation to accentuate a selected characteristic. A
perpendicular alignment with respect to the scan direction produces uniformly written images in both scan directions to allow high quality bidirectional writing.
In a preferred embodiment the liquid crystal cell includes a liquid crystal material comprising 4-octyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl 37.5%, 4-decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 36.8% weight percent and 4-undecyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 25.7 weight percent.
Description
S~9 83 032 ~ ~
~7~
ALIGNMENT LAYER ORIENTATION IN RASTER
SCAN THERMALLY ADDRESSED SMECTIC
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS
DESCRIPTION
Technical Field -- This invention relates to an improved reflective raster scanned laser addressed liquid crystal cell, and more particularly a liquid crystal cell in which the alignment layer is oriented relative to the scanning raster.
Background Art The alignment of liquid crystal molecules in liquid crystal devices is important for obtaining a high contrast ratio. The purpose of the alignment layers is to give a preferred direction to the liquid crystal molecules in th~ neighhorhood o~ the surface ~hat i~, it determines the angle the liquid crystal director makes with the plane of the alignment layer. The patent to Sprokel, U.S. 4,261,650, describes a method for producing uniform parallel alignment in liquid crystal cells and discusses random in-plane alignment;
alignment with the molecules being tilted out of the plane of the substrate surface, and parallel alignment in the plane of the substrate surface. This patent did not discuss the angle between the raster scan direction and the liquid crystal director as projected onto the plane of the alignment layer.
SA9 83 032 ~ -~
J ,~
7;;~
Dewey et al in the IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 26 No. 2, March 1982, pages 177-185 describes reflective raster-scanned laser addressed liquid crystal cells. In the Dewey et al paper, the purpose of the alignment layers was to give a preferred direction,of the liquid crystal molecules in the neighborhood of the surface in a manner similar to that described in the patent above.- The paper points out that the performance of the liquid crystal cell is - 10 highly dependent upon these aligning forces and that a strong uniform alignment tends to realign the written scattered texture thereby giving excellent bulk erase properties. The articles does not address the angle between the raster scan direction and the liquid crystal director as projected onto the plane of the alignment layer.
Numerous liquid crystal mixtures have been used for display devices. Liquid crystal mixtures are described in the IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin Vol 19, No. 4, 20 September 1976 page 1401 in which a mixture of 4-octyl-4'-cyanohiphenyl, and 4-n-decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl i5 discLosed. Another mixture is described containing 4-n-octyIoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4-n-decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl, and 4-rL-undecyL-4'-cyanobiphenyl. No percentages of this composition were disclosed.
Summarv of the Invention It is a primary object of this invention to provide an improved raster-scanned thermally addressed liquid crystal display.
It is another object of this invention to provide a raster-scanned liguid crystal display having uniform contrast in the written image;
It is another object of this invention to provide a raster-scanned liquid crystal display in which written images are produced uniformly in both scan directions.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a raster- scanned liquid crystal display having maximized contrast in unidirectional writing.
These and other objects are accomplished with the orientation of the alignment layer in a thermally addressed smectic liquid crystal display device being chosen relative to the writing orientation to accentuate a selected characteristic. A perpendicular alignment with respect to the scan direction produces uniformly written images in both scan directions to allow high quality bidirectional writing. Parallel alignment maximizes the contrast in unidirectional writing.
Antiparallel alignment increases the selective erase window and improves the resolution in unidirectionally written pages. In a preferred embodiment the liquid crystal cell includes a li~uid crystal material comprising 4-octyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl 37.5%, 4-decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 36.8% weight percent and 4~undecyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 25.7 weight percent.
Other objects of this invention wlll be apparent . from the following detailed description, reference being made to the following drawings in which specific embodiments of the invention are shown.
Brief Description of the Drawin~s FIGURES lA, B, and C are prior art liquid crystal cells showing random in-plane, uniform tilted and uniform in-plane alignment;
SA9 83 032 r~
FIGURES 2A-C (which appears with Figs. 3A-D) show the relationship be~ween the evaporation source and the alignment layer;
FIGURES 3A-3D show the relationship between the raster-scanned direction and the orientation of the 5 liquid crystal directors;
FIGURE 4 (which appears with Figs. lA-C) is a liquid crystal cell in accordance with this invention.
Descri~tion of the Preferred Embodiment The orientation of the alignment layer in a thermally addressed smectic liquid crystal device, is chosen relative to the writing direction to accentuate a selected characteristic.
-The alignment layer may be formed by vacuumevaporation of an inert inorganic material at a shallow oblique angle such as described in the patent to Janning, U.S. 3,834,792. This technique usually results in the formation of a textured dendritic structure with the axes of the dentrites formed in the general direction of the evaporation source 1 as shown in Fig. 2A. The microscopic structure of the alignment layer 2 is related to the source l-to-substrate 3 orientation . during deposition. This directionality is shown schematically in Figure 2B for the special case of a point source aligned with the centerline of the substrate. In practice the lines are in fact more parallel than shown in Fig. 2B. If a rectilinear coordinate system coincident with the sides 4 of a rectangular (or square) substrate is imposed on the cell, there are three significantly different directions, shown in Figure 2C as perpendicular, parallel and antiparallel.
As shown in Fig. 3A, the direction of the raster scan 5 forms an angle ~ with the direction of the projection of the liquid crystal director 6 onto the plane of the alignment layer. The angle ~ may vary from O
to 180C. In accordance with this invention, the angle ~
is 90 as shown in Fig. 3B, an angle of 0 in Fig. 3C and an angle of 180 in Fig. 3D.
When the alignment layer is oriented so that the liquid crystal directors 6 are positioned perpendicular to the scan direction of the raster 5 as shown in Fig. 3B, uniformly written images in both scan directions allows high quality bidirectional writing thereby improving display performance by reducing writing time.
The parallel alignment where a = oo as shown in Fig.
3C maximized the contrast in unidirectional writing. An antiparallel alignment, that is, where ~ is 180 as shown in Fig. 3C increases the selective erase window and improves the resolution in unidirectional written images. Parallel and antiparallel alignments can be combined in a single image if the display can write bidirectionally. One application of this capability would be to mix text and images with the text written in the high contrast mode and the pictures written in the high resolution mode.
A liquid crystal display cell suitable for use of this invention is shown in Fig. 4. A laser beam 7 strikes an antireflectance coating 8, designed to match the spectral output of the laser, which consists of a top layer of SiO2 and a bottom layer of TiO2 directly on the substrate surface lOB of substrate 10. Substrate 10 is typicalLy a borosilicate glass. On substrate surface lOA is a three-layer antireflectance coating 13 designed to match the spectral output of the laser which consists 6 ~ 7~
of two layers of TiO2 on either side of the middle layer of SiO2. Layer 18 is a conductive metallic absorbing layer which is typically a me~al such as chromium. A
layer 20 is a reflective conductive electrode, for example, of aluminum. Layer 19 is an insulating layer of sio2 .
In accordance with this invention the alignment layer 22 is evaporated at an angle to the substrate to provide the alignment described in either Fig. 3B, 3C or 3D. A spacing layer 28 of a material such as Mylar forms a cavity 14 which is filled with a liquid crystal mixture as will be hereinafter more fully described. Layer 27 is an insulating layer put down at 90. Layer 24 is a transparent conductor electrode layer of a material such as indium tin oxide. Substrate 12 is a borosilicate glass and layer 21 is a broad band antireflectance coating for the visible spectrum that consists of a number of layers, for example, 7 to 9 layers, consisting of materials such as TiOl, SiO2, MgF and the like.
The preferred li~uid crystal composition in the cavity 14 consists of a mixture of 37.5 + 0.5 weight ~ 4-octyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 36.8 +0.5 weight percent 4-decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl and 25.7 +0.5 weight percent 4-undecyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl. The following table shows the criticality of the liquid crystal mixture composition.
The three components of the composition cannot vary by more than + 0.5 weight percent. Concentrations that vary by more than that amount tend to give poor cell performance as far as the contrast and the presence of a ghost image are concerned.
* Trade mark ~ .
'~`'-' ' i .~4 `
7~6 LIQUID CRYSTAL MIXTURES V. NEMATIC RANGE
Example Com~ tion N_matic Range Cell Performance C08 37.5% 1 deg C Excellent 1 C10 36.8%
Cll 25.7%
C08 37.0% 1.3 deg C Fair C10 37.3%
C11 25.7%
C08 37.0% 1.4 deg C Fair 3 C10 36.8%
Cll 26.2%
C08 36.5% 2 deg C Poor 4 C10 37.8%
Cll 25.7%
C08 36.5% 2~2 deg C Poor C10 36.8%
Cll 26.7%
C08 38.5% 1.7 deg C Poor 6 C10 36.8%
Cll 24.7%
C08 = 4-octyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl C10 = 4-decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl Cll = 4-undecyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl t7?d6 Although preferred embodiments have been described, it is understood that numerous variations may be made in accordance with the principles of this lnvention.
~7~
ALIGNMENT LAYER ORIENTATION IN RASTER
SCAN THERMALLY ADDRESSED SMECTIC
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS
DESCRIPTION
Technical Field -- This invention relates to an improved reflective raster scanned laser addressed liquid crystal cell, and more particularly a liquid crystal cell in which the alignment layer is oriented relative to the scanning raster.
Background Art The alignment of liquid crystal molecules in liquid crystal devices is important for obtaining a high contrast ratio. The purpose of the alignment layers is to give a preferred direction to the liquid crystal molecules in th~ neighhorhood o~ the surface ~hat i~, it determines the angle the liquid crystal director makes with the plane of the alignment layer. The patent to Sprokel, U.S. 4,261,650, describes a method for producing uniform parallel alignment in liquid crystal cells and discusses random in-plane alignment;
alignment with the molecules being tilted out of the plane of the substrate surface, and parallel alignment in the plane of the substrate surface. This patent did not discuss the angle between the raster scan direction and the liquid crystal director as projected onto the plane of the alignment layer.
SA9 83 032 ~ -~
J ,~
7;;~
Dewey et al in the IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 26 No. 2, March 1982, pages 177-185 describes reflective raster-scanned laser addressed liquid crystal cells. In the Dewey et al paper, the purpose of the alignment layers was to give a preferred direction,of the liquid crystal molecules in the neighborhood of the surface in a manner similar to that described in the patent above.- The paper points out that the performance of the liquid crystal cell is - 10 highly dependent upon these aligning forces and that a strong uniform alignment tends to realign the written scattered texture thereby giving excellent bulk erase properties. The articles does not address the angle between the raster scan direction and the liquid crystal director as projected onto the plane of the alignment layer.
Numerous liquid crystal mixtures have been used for display devices. Liquid crystal mixtures are described in the IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin Vol 19, No. 4, 20 September 1976 page 1401 in which a mixture of 4-octyl-4'-cyanohiphenyl, and 4-n-decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl i5 discLosed. Another mixture is described containing 4-n-octyIoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4-n-decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl, and 4-rL-undecyL-4'-cyanobiphenyl. No percentages of this composition were disclosed.
Summarv of the Invention It is a primary object of this invention to provide an improved raster-scanned thermally addressed liquid crystal display.
It is another object of this invention to provide a raster-scanned liguid crystal display having uniform contrast in the written image;
It is another object of this invention to provide a raster-scanned liquid crystal display in which written images are produced uniformly in both scan directions.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a raster- scanned liquid crystal display having maximized contrast in unidirectional writing.
These and other objects are accomplished with the orientation of the alignment layer in a thermally addressed smectic liquid crystal display device being chosen relative to the writing orientation to accentuate a selected characteristic. A perpendicular alignment with respect to the scan direction produces uniformly written images in both scan directions to allow high quality bidirectional writing. Parallel alignment maximizes the contrast in unidirectional writing.
Antiparallel alignment increases the selective erase window and improves the resolution in unidirectionally written pages. In a preferred embodiment the liquid crystal cell includes a li~uid crystal material comprising 4-octyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl 37.5%, 4-decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 36.8% weight percent and 4~undecyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 25.7 weight percent.
Other objects of this invention wlll be apparent . from the following detailed description, reference being made to the following drawings in which specific embodiments of the invention are shown.
Brief Description of the Drawin~s FIGURES lA, B, and C are prior art liquid crystal cells showing random in-plane, uniform tilted and uniform in-plane alignment;
SA9 83 032 r~
FIGURES 2A-C (which appears with Figs. 3A-D) show the relationship be~ween the evaporation source and the alignment layer;
FIGURES 3A-3D show the relationship between the raster-scanned direction and the orientation of the 5 liquid crystal directors;
FIGURE 4 (which appears with Figs. lA-C) is a liquid crystal cell in accordance with this invention.
Descri~tion of the Preferred Embodiment The orientation of the alignment layer in a thermally addressed smectic liquid crystal device, is chosen relative to the writing direction to accentuate a selected characteristic.
-The alignment layer may be formed by vacuumevaporation of an inert inorganic material at a shallow oblique angle such as described in the patent to Janning, U.S. 3,834,792. This technique usually results in the formation of a textured dendritic structure with the axes of the dentrites formed in the general direction of the evaporation source 1 as shown in Fig. 2A. The microscopic structure of the alignment layer 2 is related to the source l-to-substrate 3 orientation . during deposition. This directionality is shown schematically in Figure 2B for the special case of a point source aligned with the centerline of the substrate. In practice the lines are in fact more parallel than shown in Fig. 2B. If a rectilinear coordinate system coincident with the sides 4 of a rectangular (or square) substrate is imposed on the cell, there are three significantly different directions, shown in Figure 2C as perpendicular, parallel and antiparallel.
As shown in Fig. 3A, the direction of the raster scan 5 forms an angle ~ with the direction of the projection of the liquid crystal director 6 onto the plane of the alignment layer. The angle ~ may vary from O
to 180C. In accordance with this invention, the angle ~
is 90 as shown in Fig. 3B, an angle of 0 in Fig. 3C and an angle of 180 in Fig. 3D.
When the alignment layer is oriented so that the liquid crystal directors 6 are positioned perpendicular to the scan direction of the raster 5 as shown in Fig. 3B, uniformly written images in both scan directions allows high quality bidirectional writing thereby improving display performance by reducing writing time.
The parallel alignment where a = oo as shown in Fig.
3C maximized the contrast in unidirectional writing. An antiparallel alignment, that is, where ~ is 180 as shown in Fig. 3C increases the selective erase window and improves the resolution in unidirectional written images. Parallel and antiparallel alignments can be combined in a single image if the display can write bidirectionally. One application of this capability would be to mix text and images with the text written in the high contrast mode and the pictures written in the high resolution mode.
A liquid crystal display cell suitable for use of this invention is shown in Fig. 4. A laser beam 7 strikes an antireflectance coating 8, designed to match the spectral output of the laser, which consists of a top layer of SiO2 and a bottom layer of TiO2 directly on the substrate surface lOB of substrate 10. Substrate 10 is typicalLy a borosilicate glass. On substrate surface lOA is a three-layer antireflectance coating 13 designed to match the spectral output of the laser which consists 6 ~ 7~
of two layers of TiO2 on either side of the middle layer of SiO2. Layer 18 is a conductive metallic absorbing layer which is typically a me~al such as chromium. A
layer 20 is a reflective conductive electrode, for example, of aluminum. Layer 19 is an insulating layer of sio2 .
In accordance with this invention the alignment layer 22 is evaporated at an angle to the substrate to provide the alignment described in either Fig. 3B, 3C or 3D. A spacing layer 28 of a material such as Mylar forms a cavity 14 which is filled with a liquid crystal mixture as will be hereinafter more fully described. Layer 27 is an insulating layer put down at 90. Layer 24 is a transparent conductor electrode layer of a material such as indium tin oxide. Substrate 12 is a borosilicate glass and layer 21 is a broad band antireflectance coating for the visible spectrum that consists of a number of layers, for example, 7 to 9 layers, consisting of materials such as TiOl, SiO2, MgF and the like.
The preferred li~uid crystal composition in the cavity 14 consists of a mixture of 37.5 + 0.5 weight ~ 4-octyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 36.8 +0.5 weight percent 4-decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl and 25.7 +0.5 weight percent 4-undecyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl. The following table shows the criticality of the liquid crystal mixture composition.
The three components of the composition cannot vary by more than + 0.5 weight percent. Concentrations that vary by more than that amount tend to give poor cell performance as far as the contrast and the presence of a ghost image are concerned.
* Trade mark ~ .
'~`'-' ' i .~4 `
7~6 LIQUID CRYSTAL MIXTURES V. NEMATIC RANGE
Example Com~ tion N_matic Range Cell Performance C08 37.5% 1 deg C Excellent 1 C10 36.8%
Cll 25.7%
C08 37.0% 1.3 deg C Fair C10 37.3%
C11 25.7%
C08 37.0% 1.4 deg C Fair 3 C10 36.8%
Cll 26.2%
C08 36.5% 2 deg C Poor 4 C10 37.8%
Cll 25.7%
C08 36.5% 2~2 deg C Poor C10 36.8%
Cll 26.7%
C08 38.5% 1.7 deg C Poor 6 C10 36.8%
Cll 24.7%
C08 = 4-octyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl C10 = 4-decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl Cll = 4-undecyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl t7?d6 Although preferred embodiments have been described, it is understood that numerous variations may be made in accordance with the principles of this lnvention.
Claims (4)
1. A reflective liquid crystal cell addressed by a scanning laser and having a first and second substrate being separated by a spacing member to form a cavity, said cell comprising an inplane alignment layer on said first substrate, said alignment layer being oriented in a direction taken from the group consisting of perpendicular, parallel and antiparallel to the scanning direction of the laser wherein the orientation direction of the alignment layer determines the characteristics of the written image, and wherein said cell includes a liquid crystal material in said cavity, said material comprising 4-octyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 37.5%?0.5 weight percent, 4 decyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 36.8?0.5 weight percent and 4-undecyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 25.7?0.5 weight percent.
2. A cell as described in claim 1 wherein said alignment layer is oriented perpendicular to the scanning direction of the laser to produce a uniform written image in a bidirectionally scanned area.
3. A cell as described in claim 1 wherein said alignment layer is oriented parallel to the scanning direction of the laser to maximize the contrast in a unidirectionally scanned area.
4. A cell as described in claim 1 wherein said alignment layer is oriented antiparallel to the scanning direction of the laser to increase the selective erase window and to improve the resolution in the unidirectionally written image.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US560,475 | 1983-12-12 | ||
| US06/560,475 US4585310A (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1983-12-12 | Alignment layer orientation in raster scan thermally addressed smectic liquid crystal displays |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1247726A true CA1247726A (en) | 1988-12-28 |
Family
ID=24237972
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000464051A Expired CA1247726A (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1984-09-26 | Alignment layer orientation in raster scan thermally addressed smectic liquid crystal displays |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4585310A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0144683B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6117122A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1247726A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3480956D1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60262130A (en) * | 1984-06-09 | 1985-12-25 | Sony Corp | Liquid-crystal display device |
| GB2177227B (en) * | 1985-06-14 | 1989-12-28 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | Optical non-volatile liquid crystal memory |
| US4787713A (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1988-11-29 | The Mead Corporation | Transparent laser-addressed liquid crystal light modulator cell |
| CA2123658C (en) * | 1993-05-19 | 1999-01-19 | Willis H. Smith, Jr. | Inducing tilted parallel alignment in liquid crystals |
| US6929953B1 (en) * | 1998-03-07 | 2005-08-16 | Robert A. Levine | Apparatus for analyzing biologic fluids |
| US6587097B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2003-07-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Display system |
| US6798189B2 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2004-09-28 | Koa Corporation | Current detection resistor, mounting structure thereof and method of measuring effective inductance |
| DE10329439A1 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-01-27 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Cabriolet vehicle with a hardtop |
| US20060215095A1 (en) * | 2005-03-26 | 2006-09-28 | Qin Liu | Laser-writing alignment marks on alignment layer to align liquid crystals |
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| US3655269A (en) * | 1971-01-25 | 1972-04-11 | Rca Corp | Liquid crystal display assembly having independent contrast and speed of response controls |
| US3834729A (en) * | 1971-09-23 | 1974-09-10 | Nissan Motor | Sealing unit for pressurized gas generator of automotive safety device |
| GB1452826A (en) * | 1973-10-17 | 1976-10-20 | Secr Defence | Liquid crystal compositions |
| JPS49122748A (en) * | 1973-03-24 | 1974-11-25 | ||
| FR2292253A1 (en) * | 1974-11-21 | 1976-06-18 | Thomson Csf | METHOD AND DEVICE USING A THERMO-OPTICAL EFFECT IN A LIQUID CRYSTAL FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF IMAGES IN REAL TIME AND WITHOUT MEMORY |
| US4221471A (en) * | 1977-06-24 | 1980-09-09 | Motorola, Inc. | Liquid crystal memory device and method of utilizing same |
| US4291948A (en) * | 1977-11-10 | 1981-09-29 | International Standard Electric Corporation | Liquid crystal display incorporating positive and negative smectic material |
| US4261650A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1981-04-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for producing uniform parallel alignment in liquid crystal cells |
| US4277147A (en) * | 1979-01-15 | 1981-07-07 | General Motors Corporation | Display device having reduced electrochromic film dissolution |
| JPS5624318A (en) * | 1979-08-02 | 1981-03-07 | Seiko Epson Corp | Liquid crystal matrix display panel |
| US4367924A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1983-01-11 | Clark Noel A | Chiral smectic C or H liquid crystal electro-optical device |
| US4422732A (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-12-27 | Ditzik Richard J | Beam addressed electrooptic display system |
| FR2507802A1 (en) * | 1981-06-10 | 1982-12-17 | Thomson Csf | LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE HAVING TWO ADDRESSING MODES |
-
1983
- 1983-12-12 US US06/560,475 patent/US4585310A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1984
- 1984-09-26 CA CA000464051A patent/CA1247726A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-10-20 JP JP59219413A patent/JPS6117122A/en active Granted
- 1984-10-26 EP EP84112874A patent/EP0144683B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-10-26 DE DE8484112874T patent/DE3480956D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4585310A (en) | 1986-04-29 |
| EP0144683B1 (en) | 1990-01-03 |
| EP0144683A3 (en) | 1986-01-08 |
| JPS6117122A (en) | 1986-01-25 |
| EP0144683A2 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
| JPS647365B2 (en) | 1989-02-08 |
| DE3480956D1 (en) | 1990-02-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |