CA1237042A - Solid rinse aids and methods of warewashing utilizing solid rinse aids - Google Patents
Solid rinse aids and methods of warewashing utilizing solid rinse aidsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1237042A CA1237042A CA000488565A CA488565A CA1237042A CA 1237042 A CA1237042 A CA 1237042A CA 000488565 A CA000488565 A CA 000488565A CA 488565 A CA488565 A CA 488565A CA 1237042 A CA1237042 A CA 1237042A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- rinse aid
- solid
- weight
- solid rinse
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0052—Cast detergent compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/32—Amides; Substituted amides
- C11D3/323—Amides; Substituted amides urea or derivatives thereof
Abstract
Abstract Methods of warewashing utilizing a solid rinse aid, and the solid rinse aid which comprises a surfactant and urea, and preferably a dispensing rate adjusting additive, are disclosed.
Description
~3~
M&G 163.~9-U_-01 S D RINSE AIDS AND METHODS OF
WA~EWASHING UTILIZING SOLID RINSE RIDS
Fiel_ of the Invention The present invention relates to solid rinse aids and methods of warewashing wherein a solid rinse aid is used in a rinse cycle.
Background of the Invention Both institutional and consumer automatic dish-washers or warewashing machines have been in use for many years. These dishwashers typically function with two or more cycles, including various combinations of a soak or prewash, a main wash, a rinse, a sanitize and a dry cycle. A dishwasher detergent composition is typically utilized during the wash cycle to remove soil and stains. Oftent the detergent composition will include water softeners, bleaching and sanitizing agents, and an alkali source.
For many reasons, separate rinse additives or aids are an important part of the automatic dishwasher operation. In general, rinse aids minimize spotting and promote faster drying, by causing the rinse water to sheet ofl of the clean dishes evenly and quickly. Rinse aids are generally used in a cycle separate from cycles using the detergent composition, although some detergent residue may be present in the rinse water. --Rinse aids are currently available in liquid or solid form. The use of a solid rinse aid can be much preferred. Solid rinse aids can be more conven-ient, safe and economical than liquids because they do not spill or splash. In addition, dispensers for solid rinse aids tend to be less expensive and more durable because generally they have no moving parts. However, many surfactants with good rinse performance are com-monly available only in a liquid or paste form at room temperature. The invention provides solid rinse aids from liquid, ~aste-like, or solid surfactants.
~3~0'1L2 Solid rinse aids are available for consumer and institutional warewashing machines. For use in a typical consumer machine, each solid rinse aid generally incorporates a disposable container or baslcet which is hung directly inside the machine. This container is also referred to as a dispenser. Circulation of waxer within the machine in the normal course of the machine cycles slowly dissolves the solid rinse aid, thus dispensing it. the water temperature in consumer machines typically falls between 60-1~30 F.
Institutional machines are generally either low temperature machines with a water temperature of from about 120-140 F., or high temperature machines with a water temperature of about 160-180 F. A low tempera-ture warewashing system can be more desirable than a high temperature system because it avoids the heating - expenses associated with the hotter water. In addition, it is much simpler to dispense a rinse aid in a low temperature system. In a low temperature system, a quantity of rinse water can be added to the sump of the automatic dishwashing machine and circulated to rinse the dishes, before draining. In such a system, the rinse aid need only be provided to the sump, and will function as the water circulates.
By contrast 7 in a high temperature system dissolved rinse aid is injected into the rinse water line prior to entering the machine and is then sprayed over the dishes from a rotating spray arm. A continuous stream of hot water is commonly provided through the spray arm for rinsing. Consequently, a rinse aid for use in a high temperature system must be dispensed into and suffi-ciently dissolved in the hot water stream against a back pressure before the water leaves the spray arm and contacts the dishes. This generally requires a more complex dispensing system.
There are two aspects to surfactant solubility which must be considered in the context of a solid rinse aid. First, the surfactant itself must be sufficiently , . , .
~,3~
water soluble to unction as a rinse aid. This requires a surEactant solubility of at least about 5-10 ppm, or more commonly, about 40-80 ppm in water somewhere between 60-180 F. depending upon the warewashing system. Many surfactants meet this requirement.
However, some solid surEactants, which in view of their solubility and performance could be very effective rinse aids, are not in use because their low water solubility prevents effective dispensing. This illus-trates the second and more important aspect of solu-bility, namely, the surfactant must be soluble enough to dispense in an effective quantity during the short time that water impinges the solid to dispense it. For example, a solid surfactant may be soluble enough to function as an effective rinse aid if an appropriate amount were dissolved in the rinse water; however; if an - attempt were made to dispense the solid into the rinse water in the typical way, that is, by solubilziing a portion through impingement with a brief water spray, - 20 the solid may not solubilize quickly enough to be useful. In the context of this invention, the solid rinse aid (which may have been formed of a solid, paste-like, or liquid surfactant according to the invention) is soluble enough to dispense in an effective amount, even if the surfactant alone would be too insoluble for effective dispensing.
Brief Description of the Invention -We have found what a solid rinse aid can be formed from a urea occlusion composition or compound which comprises urea and a surfactant and can be used in methods of warewashing to achieve desirable re.sultsO
The solid rinse aid and methods of use reduce spotting of the dishes, and promote faster drying by allowing the rinse water to sheet off of the clean dishes quickly and evenly. The solid rinse aid can be formed of surfac-tants which generally exist as a liquid, semi-solid or solid at room temperature. In addition, the solid rinse aid compositions of this invention can have - ~J3~7~:3~2 _ ", increased solubility as compared Jo the surfactants themselves which are lilted in the rinse aids, al lowing the utilization of surfactants which are gener-ally too water insoluble to function well as rinse aids, or to be appropriatély dispensed.
Thus the present invention provides a method of warewashing including at least a wash water cycle and a rinse water cycle, which comprises dispensing, in a rinse cycle, an effective amount of a surfactant from a wat:;er soluble solid block rinse aid said rinse aid consisti.ng essentially of:
a) about 5-40~ by weight urea;
b) about 60-90% by weight of a polymeric synthetic organic sufactant havinga molecular weight of about 700-14,000 comprising a polyethylene oxide block and a poly-propylene oxide block; and c) sufficient water to provide a water:urea weight ratio of about 1:3 to 1:6.
In another embodiment. the invention provides a solid rinse aid consisting essentially of:
a) about 5-40% by weight urea;
b) about 60-90% by weight of a polymeric synthetic organic sufactant havinga.molecular weight of about 700-14,000 comprising a polyethylene oxide block and a poly-propylene oxide block; andc) sufficient water to provide a water:urea weight ratio of about 1:3 to 1:6.
Detailed Description of the Invention A major component of the solid rinse aids of the invention is the surfactant or surfactant system.
The surfactants useful in the context of this inventio,n are generally polyether (also known as polyalkylene oxide, polyoxyalkylene or polyalkylene glycol) com-pounds. More particularly, the polyether compounds are generally polyoxypropylene or polyoxyethylene glycol compounds. Typically, the surfactants useful in the context of this invention are synthetic organic polyp 3~
- 4a -oxypropylene-polyoxyethyl.ene block copolymer~ the surfactant molecules must h,ave a particular stereo chemistry which facilitates occlusion by or with urea, - as discussed in more detail hereinafter. As a general rule, the useful surfactants will have a molecular weight in the range of about 700 to 14,000.
Certain types of polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer ~urfactants have been found to be particularly useful. Those surfactants comprising a center block of polyoxypropylene units (PO), and having a block of polyoxyethylene LEO) units to each side of the center PO block, are generally useful in the context of this invention, particularly where the average molecular weight ranges from about 900 to 14,000, and the percent of weight EO ranges from about 10 to 80.
These types of surfactants are sold commercially as "Pluronics" by the BASF Wyandotte Corporation, and are available under other trademarks from other chemical suppliers.
~0 Also useful in the context of this invention are surfactants having a center block of polyoxyethyl-ene units, with endblocks of polyoxypropylene units.
These types of surfactants are known as "Reverse Plur-~5 `;:
3~7~
onics", also available from Wyandotte.
Alcohol ethoxylates having EO and PO blocks can also be useful in the context of this invention.
Straight chain primarily aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates can be particularly useful since the stereo chemistry of these compounds can permit occlusion by urea, and they can provide effective sheeting action. Such ethoxylates are available from several sources, including BASF
Wyandotte where whey are known as "Plurafac" surfac-tants. A particular group of alcohol ethoxylates foundto be useful are those having the general forlnula R-(EO)m(PO)n, where m is an integer around 5, e.g. 2-7, and n is an integer around 13, e.g. 10-16. R
can be any suitable radical, such as a straight chain alkyl group having from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
Another compound found to be useful is a surfactant - having the formula R-C-O~(EO)m(po)m(Eo)m(po)mr wherein m is an integer from about 18-22, preferably 20, and the surfactant has a molecular weight of from about
M&G 163.~9-U_-01 S D RINSE AIDS AND METHODS OF
WA~EWASHING UTILIZING SOLID RINSE RIDS
Fiel_ of the Invention The present invention relates to solid rinse aids and methods of warewashing wherein a solid rinse aid is used in a rinse cycle.
Background of the Invention Both institutional and consumer automatic dish-washers or warewashing machines have been in use for many years. These dishwashers typically function with two or more cycles, including various combinations of a soak or prewash, a main wash, a rinse, a sanitize and a dry cycle. A dishwasher detergent composition is typically utilized during the wash cycle to remove soil and stains. Oftent the detergent composition will include water softeners, bleaching and sanitizing agents, and an alkali source.
For many reasons, separate rinse additives or aids are an important part of the automatic dishwasher operation. In general, rinse aids minimize spotting and promote faster drying, by causing the rinse water to sheet ofl of the clean dishes evenly and quickly. Rinse aids are generally used in a cycle separate from cycles using the detergent composition, although some detergent residue may be present in the rinse water. --Rinse aids are currently available in liquid or solid form. The use of a solid rinse aid can be much preferred. Solid rinse aids can be more conven-ient, safe and economical than liquids because they do not spill or splash. In addition, dispensers for solid rinse aids tend to be less expensive and more durable because generally they have no moving parts. However, many surfactants with good rinse performance are com-monly available only in a liquid or paste form at room temperature. The invention provides solid rinse aids from liquid, ~aste-like, or solid surfactants.
~3~0'1L2 Solid rinse aids are available for consumer and institutional warewashing machines. For use in a typical consumer machine, each solid rinse aid generally incorporates a disposable container or baslcet which is hung directly inside the machine. This container is also referred to as a dispenser. Circulation of waxer within the machine in the normal course of the machine cycles slowly dissolves the solid rinse aid, thus dispensing it. the water temperature in consumer machines typically falls between 60-1~30 F.
Institutional machines are generally either low temperature machines with a water temperature of from about 120-140 F., or high temperature machines with a water temperature of about 160-180 F. A low tempera-ture warewashing system can be more desirable than a high temperature system because it avoids the heating - expenses associated with the hotter water. In addition, it is much simpler to dispense a rinse aid in a low temperature system. In a low temperature system, a quantity of rinse water can be added to the sump of the automatic dishwashing machine and circulated to rinse the dishes, before draining. In such a system, the rinse aid need only be provided to the sump, and will function as the water circulates.
By contrast 7 in a high temperature system dissolved rinse aid is injected into the rinse water line prior to entering the machine and is then sprayed over the dishes from a rotating spray arm. A continuous stream of hot water is commonly provided through the spray arm for rinsing. Consequently, a rinse aid for use in a high temperature system must be dispensed into and suffi-ciently dissolved in the hot water stream against a back pressure before the water leaves the spray arm and contacts the dishes. This generally requires a more complex dispensing system.
There are two aspects to surfactant solubility which must be considered in the context of a solid rinse aid. First, the surfactant itself must be sufficiently , . , .
~,3~
water soluble to unction as a rinse aid. This requires a surEactant solubility of at least about 5-10 ppm, or more commonly, about 40-80 ppm in water somewhere between 60-180 F. depending upon the warewashing system. Many surfactants meet this requirement.
However, some solid surEactants, which in view of their solubility and performance could be very effective rinse aids, are not in use because their low water solubility prevents effective dispensing. This illus-trates the second and more important aspect of solu-bility, namely, the surfactant must be soluble enough to dispense in an effective quantity during the short time that water impinges the solid to dispense it. For example, a solid surfactant may be soluble enough to function as an effective rinse aid if an appropriate amount were dissolved in the rinse water; however; if an - attempt were made to dispense the solid into the rinse water in the typical way, that is, by solubilziing a portion through impingement with a brief water spray, - 20 the solid may not solubilize quickly enough to be useful. In the context of this invention, the solid rinse aid (which may have been formed of a solid, paste-like, or liquid surfactant according to the invention) is soluble enough to dispense in an effective amount, even if the surfactant alone would be too insoluble for effective dispensing.
Brief Description of the Invention -We have found what a solid rinse aid can be formed from a urea occlusion composition or compound which comprises urea and a surfactant and can be used in methods of warewashing to achieve desirable re.sultsO
The solid rinse aid and methods of use reduce spotting of the dishes, and promote faster drying by allowing the rinse water to sheet off of the clean dishes quickly and evenly. The solid rinse aid can be formed of surfac-tants which generally exist as a liquid, semi-solid or solid at room temperature. In addition, the solid rinse aid compositions of this invention can have - ~J3~7~:3~2 _ ", increased solubility as compared Jo the surfactants themselves which are lilted in the rinse aids, al lowing the utilization of surfactants which are gener-ally too water insoluble to function well as rinse aids, or to be appropriatély dispensed.
Thus the present invention provides a method of warewashing including at least a wash water cycle and a rinse water cycle, which comprises dispensing, in a rinse cycle, an effective amount of a surfactant from a wat:;er soluble solid block rinse aid said rinse aid consisti.ng essentially of:
a) about 5-40~ by weight urea;
b) about 60-90% by weight of a polymeric synthetic organic sufactant havinga molecular weight of about 700-14,000 comprising a polyethylene oxide block and a poly-propylene oxide block; and c) sufficient water to provide a water:urea weight ratio of about 1:3 to 1:6.
In another embodiment. the invention provides a solid rinse aid consisting essentially of:
a) about 5-40% by weight urea;
b) about 60-90% by weight of a polymeric synthetic organic sufactant havinga.molecular weight of about 700-14,000 comprising a polyethylene oxide block and a poly-propylene oxide block; andc) sufficient water to provide a water:urea weight ratio of about 1:3 to 1:6.
Detailed Description of the Invention A major component of the solid rinse aids of the invention is the surfactant or surfactant system.
The surfactants useful in the context of this inventio,n are generally polyether (also known as polyalkylene oxide, polyoxyalkylene or polyalkylene glycol) com-pounds. More particularly, the polyether compounds are generally polyoxypropylene or polyoxyethylene glycol compounds. Typically, the surfactants useful in the context of this invention are synthetic organic polyp 3~
- 4a -oxypropylene-polyoxyethyl.ene block copolymer~ the surfactant molecules must h,ave a particular stereo chemistry which facilitates occlusion by or with urea, - as discussed in more detail hereinafter. As a general rule, the useful surfactants will have a molecular weight in the range of about 700 to 14,000.
Certain types of polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer ~urfactants have been found to be particularly useful. Those surfactants comprising a center block of polyoxypropylene units (PO), and having a block of polyoxyethylene LEO) units to each side of the center PO block, are generally useful in the context of this invention, particularly where the average molecular weight ranges from about 900 to 14,000, and the percent of weight EO ranges from about 10 to 80.
These types of surfactants are sold commercially as "Pluronics" by the BASF Wyandotte Corporation, and are available under other trademarks from other chemical suppliers.
~0 Also useful in the context of this invention are surfactants having a center block of polyoxyethyl-ene units, with endblocks of polyoxypropylene units.
These types of surfactants are known as "Reverse Plur-~5 `;:
3~7~
onics", also available from Wyandotte.
Alcohol ethoxylates having EO and PO blocks can also be useful in the context of this invention.
Straight chain primarily aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates can be particularly useful since the stereo chemistry of these compounds can permit occlusion by urea, and they can provide effective sheeting action. Such ethoxylates are available from several sources, including BASF
Wyandotte where whey are known as "Plurafac" surfac-tants. A particular group of alcohol ethoxylates foundto be useful are those having the general forlnula R-(EO)m(PO)n, where m is an integer around 5, e.g. 2-7, and n is an integer around 13, e.g. 10-16. R
can be any suitable radical, such as a straight chain alkyl group having from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
Another compound found to be useful is a surfactant - having the formula R-C-O~(EO)m(po)m(Eo)m(po)mr wherein m is an integer from about 18-22, preferably 20, and the surfactant has a molecular weight of from about
2,000 to 3,000, preferably about 2,500, a percent 2S EO of about 36 to 44, preferably about 40, and where R
is a straight chain alkyl group having from about 8 Jo 18 carbon atoms.
Certain sur~actants have been wound to be particu-larly preferred for use in this invention, in view of the ease with which they combine with urea to form the solid rinse aids of the invention, and for the excep-tionally effective sheeting action they provide as rinse aids. One of the most preferred s~rfactants is a bloc copolymer of the structure (po)n(Eo)n(Eopo)n(po)m(Eopo)n(Eo)n(po)n~
where m is an integer from 1-3 and each occurrence of n, independently, is an integer from 17-27, and EOPO
represents a random mixture of EO and PO units at a . . a , "I. .
l~.P~3~7~
ratio of EO to PO oE Erom about 6:100 to g:l00. Most preferably, the copolymer will be of the structure (PO )23(E O)26(EOPO)20(PO)l(EOPO)20(E(~)26(PO)23~
where EOPO represents a random mixture oE EO and PO
5 units at a ratio of EO to PO of about 7:93. The pre-ferred compound has an average molecular weight of between about 3,500-5,SU0, preferably about 4,500, and a welght percent of EO of about 25-35%, preferably about 30%. I, 10A preferred combination comprises the above-described copolyrner having blocks of randomly mixed EO
and and PO units, and a surfactant having the formula (PO)(EO)(PO)(EO)(PO), with molecular weight of around 1,800-2,200 and a percent EO of about 25-30%. Prefer-15ably, the ratio of one copolymer to the other will range from about 2:1 to 0.5:10 Most preferably, the combina-- tion will comprise around 50% of each of the two co-polymers.
Another preferred surfactant system comprises 20from about 20 to 80% of the copolymer having blocks of randomly mixed EO and PO units previously described, from about 1-5% of a nonylphenolethoxylate, and irom about 20 to 80% of a surfactant having the formula .
,~
25R-C-O-(EO)m(po)m(Eo)m(po)ml wherein m is an integer from about 18-22, preferably 20, and the surfactant has a molecular weight of from about 2,000 to 3~000l preferably about 2,500/ a percent - 30EO of about 36 to 44, preferably about 40, and where R
is a straight chain alkyl group having from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms. More preferably, the components will be present in amounts of from 45 to 50%, 2 to 4%, and 45 to 50%, respectively.
35The surfactant or surfactant system will comprise up to about 95~ by weight of the total rinse aid compo-sltion. Typically, the weight-percent surfactant will O
~L~3~
be in the range of about 60-90%, or more preferably, for improved rinse aid Eormation and sheeting action, in the range of about 80-90~.
Urea Solid rinse aid compositions of this invention comprise a urea occlusion composition of an effective occlusion forming amount of urea and a compatible surfactant as previously described. It is theorized that the urea reacts with the surfactant to form crys-talline urea adducts or occlusion compounds, wherein the urea molecules are wrapped in a spiral or helical formation around the molecules of surfactant. Gener-ally, urea will form occlusion compounds with long straight-chain molecules of 6 or more carbon atoms but not with branched or bulky molecules.
The solid rinse aid compositions of this inven-tion can comprise up to about 40% by weight urea.
Typically, the compositions will have a minimum of about 5% urea. We have found that the preferred compositions, for reasons of economy, desired hardness and solubility,comprise about 8 to 40% urea. Mcst preferably, the compositions generally comprise about 10 to 15~ urea.
Urea may be obtained from a variety of chemical suppliers, including Sohio Chemical Company, Nitrogen Chemicals Division. Typically, urea will be available in prilled form, and any industrial grade urea may be used in the context of this invention. -:
Water The composition of this invention further com- -prises water, to aid in the occlusion reaction, by solubilizing the urea. The composition of the inven-tion should comprise sufficient water to solubilize the urea. Typically, this requires a water:urea ratio greater than about 1:6. More preferably, for more effective formation and performance of the solid rinse aid, the water:urea ratio will be from about 1:3 to 1:5, and most preferably, about l ap water, distilled water, deionized water or the like may be used. Water ~3t~0~
is the preferred solvent because of its nontoxicity and ready availability.
Dispensing Rate Adjusting Additive Preferably, the solid rinse aid compositions of the invention include an effective dispensing rate modifying amount of a urea compatible additive, or dispensing rate adjusting additive. A dispensing rate adjusting additive is generally needed to provide for the desired rate cSf solubilization, when the solid rinse aid is in use.
Many factors, or dispensing variables, affect the rate of of solubilization or release of the surfac-tant from the solid rinse aid. We have found that the four major variables which affect the dispensing rate of this invention in either consumer or instutitional uses are the temperature of the incoming water, pressure of - the rinse water, length of time of the cycle during which water contacts the solid rinse aid to solubilize it, and, in a consumer setting, the design of the dispenser which may shield portions of the solid rinse aid from direct contact with the circulating water, or in an institutional setting, the presence and design of a screen in the dispenser between the solid rinse aid and the spray nozzle which directs water to the solid rinse aid. While these variables can be adjusted to more nearly provide the desired dispensing rate, never-theless we have found it desirable to include a dis-- pensing rate adjusting additive within the composition itselfO Use of the solid rinse aid which includes a dispensing rate adjusting additive according to this invention generally provides acceptable dispensing through the dispenser under typical conditions found in consumer and institutional use. The variables such as temperature, pressure, time and a screen can then be adjusted if necessary to obtain Gore precisely the dispensing rate preferred in a particular situation.
We have found that without a dispensing rate adjusting additive, the solid rinse aids of the inven-, . . , , ~l~.3~
tion can dispense more rapidly than necessary or de-sired. Consequently, we recommend that an effective dispensing rate modifying amount, (generally up to about 5~ for institutional uses and up to 30% for consumer uses), of a urea compatible dispensing rate adjusting additive be included in the solid rinse aid compositions of this invention. Generally, any organic low molecular weight water insoluble additive which would not inter fere with rinse'performance may be utilized as the dispensing rate adjusting additive. Preferred addil:ives include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, alkanolamide compounds such as stearic or palmitic alkanolamide, silicone dimethyl polysiloxane compounds, and free acids of organic phosphate esters.
A most preferred dispensing rate adjustinq addi-- tive comprises a phosphate ester of cetyl alcohol often available as a mixture of mono and di-cetyl phosphates.
This preferred additive is generally available as a nontoxic, nonhazardous solid or powder from well known chemical suppliers. This additive provides good disk pensing rate modification and also has good defoaming properties. Defoaming properties are useful particu larly for low temperature warewashing machines, because in low temperature machines the rinse water is used in the succeeding wash cycle, where defoaming is particu-larly desirable. -- For institutional solid rinse aids, the additive may be used in quantities up to about 5% by weight of the total solid rinse aid composition. More preferably, it will be used in sufficient quantity to form about 0.3-1.0% by weight of the total composition, particu-larly where a phosphate ester of cetyl alcohol is used and where the dispenser is subjected to a rinse water temperature of about 120 to 180 F., water pressure of around 10-60 p.s.i., and a dispensing cycle of about 0.5 to 15 seconds. With or without a typical screen, generally the solid rinse aid will then dispense at a , . . . .
r ~.~,3 t 0~
rate of about 0.3 to 0~8 grams per dispensing cycle, a rate we have found to be desirable or reasons of both efEective sheeting action and economy in a typical institutional warewashing machine having one rack for dishes and providing about 2-1/2 gallons of rinse water in which the rinse aid of each dispensing cycle will be dissolved. A particularly preferred rate is around 0.35-0.45, or about 0.4 grams per cycle. Expressed as parts per million, this dispensing provides a concen-tration of about 32 to 85 p.p.m. rinse aid in the rinsewater. More preferably the cohcentration will be between about 37 to 48, or around 41-43 p.p.m.
For the consumer product, the additive is used in quantities up to about 30% by weight of the total composition. Preferably the additive will be used to form about 3-30~ of the total composition, or more - preferably, about 5-10%. In consumer uses, the solid rinse aid is simply hung within the dishwashing machine.
It is solubilized by the action of water circulating through the machine, regardless of the cycle, and dispenses to some extent throughout the prewash, main wash, etc. However, the product is designed to dispense in the final rinse in a quantity sufficient to provide the desited sheeting performance. Under typical con-sumer conditions such as rinse water temperature ofabout 60-160 F., water pressure of about 10-100 p.s.i., and a final rinse time of about 2 to 10 minutes, the product will generally dispense at a rate of about 0.3-0.8 grams per final rinse cycle, or preferably, at around 0 35-0.45, or about 0.4 grams. As in the insti-tutional setting, this typically provides a concentra-tion of rinse aid in the rinse water of about 32 to 85 p.p.m. More preferably, the concentration will be between about 37 to 48, or most preferably, around 41-43 p.p.m.
Other Components The so]id rinse aid compositions of the invention may also include components such as dyes, preservatives and the lik`e.
1~3 7~3~
Dyes provide for a more pleasing appearance of the rinse aid. Any water soluble dye which does not interfere with the other desirable properties of the invention may be used. Suitable dyes include Fastusol Blue, available from Mobay Chemical Corp., Acid Orange 7, available from American Cyanamid, Basic Violet 10, available from Sandoz, Acid yellow 23, available from GAF, Sap Green, available from Keystone Analine and Chemical, ~letanll Yellow, available from Keystone Analine and Chemical, Acid Blue 9, available from Elilton Davis, Hisol Fast Red, available from Capitol Color and Chemical, Fluorescein, available from Capitol Color and Chemical, and Acid Green ~5, available from Ciba-Geigy.
While preservatives typically are not necessary in the context of this invention, they may be included where desired. Suitable preservatives include formalde-hyde, glutaraldehyde, methy p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate~ chloromethyl isophthiozolinone, methyl isophthiozolinone, and a Of Cll, C16 dimethylbenzyl Jo aluminum chloride such as that available as Hyamine 3500*
from Rohm & Haas, and the like. Suitable preservatives may be obtained from a variety of well known chemical suppliers.
Where used, these additional components can be provided in quantities as well known in the art ethod of Preparation The solid rinse aids of the invention can be -- prepared by any suitable procedure. We have found the following procedure to be preferable. First, the surfactant is charged into a suitable steam jacketed mixing vessel. If the surfactant is a solid, it is melted either before placing it in the vessel, or after placing it in the vessel but before the addition of water. As the surfactant is mixed, the water is slowly and continuously added. When the water has been added, the resulting solution is heated by pressurized steam, with mixing, to approximately 110 F. The urea is then slowly added, as the heating and mixing continues. With * Trademark the addition of the urea, the viscosity of the mixture increases and the mix speed is adjusted accordingly.
The dispensing rate adjusting additive dye, preserva-tive and other components are added, with continued mixing.
After the addition of these components, the mixture continues to be mixed and heated until it reaches about 220 F. To avoid water loss, urea degradation and the release of ammonia, at about 220 F. the source of heat is re~noved. Cooling is initiated by adding water to the steam jacket. The mixing continues.
Mixing should be continued with cooling to at least about 180 F. At about 180 F. or less, the mixture can be poured into containers and allowed to cool to room temperature, at which time it will be relatively solid. With time (2-4 days), the product cures or hardens.
The container may be formed of plastic material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like, or any other suitable material. For convenient use in typical currently available institutional warewashing machines, it is suggested that the shape or form of the container be cylindrical, with a height of about 4 to 8 inches and a diameter of about l to 4 inches. For consumer pur-poses, the container can surround the solid rinse aid dispenser or basset, so that the composition solidifies directly in the dispenser. For the consumer product~-it is suggested that the container be cylindrical in shape, about 2 inches high and about l inch in diameter.
The containers can be individual molds which may be prc,vided with removable tightly sealed covers and which may serve as packaging for the solid rinse aid It is of course also envisioned that the solid rinse aids may be removed from the containers for repackaging prior to sale.
Method of Use The solid rinse aids of the invention may be utilized in warewashing systems without monitoring the concentration of active ingredient in the rinse water.
The composition itself has a great impact on the dis-pensing rate and thus the concentration The solid rinse aids of the invent:ion are ~ormu-lated to dispense at a rate of about 0.3-0.8, or pre-ferably about 0.35-0.45, grams per cycle under typical warewashing rinse conditions. These conditions 'nave been discussed previously, and include about 2.5 gallons of rinse water. j~For machines utilizing about 5 gallons of rinse water, such as double rack institutional machines, the dispensing rate, expressed in grams per cycle, should be double. Expressed as parts per mil-lion, the rinse aid should dispense at an appropriate rate to provide a rinse aid concentration in the rinse water of about 32 to 85 p.p.m., more preferably about 37 to 48, or most preferably, around 41-43 p.p.m.
- In an institutional low temperature system, the solid rinse aid is placed in a dispenser where water to be added to the rinse water impinges the solid rinse aid before it enters the machine. Typically, this means that water sprays through a spray nozzle onto the product and dissolve:, some of the product, providing an effluent. The effluent is directed by gravity to the warewashing machine, where it commonly collects in a sump and is circulated and recirculated over the dishes In an institutional high temperature system, the rinse water is sprayed onto the dishes through a spray arm ox the machine. In the use of this invention, the rinse water sprays first through a spray nozzle onto the product, providing an effluent, which then flows into a holding tank and is then pumped into the line which brings the hot rinse water into the spray arm.
In a consumer machine, the solid rinse aid in its dispenser is hung or otherwise placed within the ma-chine. Circulating water regardless of the cycle)dissolves and distributes some of the product.
In all three uses, the active ingredients of the solid rinse ald are dissolved in the rinse water and act
is a straight chain alkyl group having from about 8 Jo 18 carbon atoms.
Certain sur~actants have been wound to be particu-larly preferred for use in this invention, in view of the ease with which they combine with urea to form the solid rinse aids of the invention, and for the excep-tionally effective sheeting action they provide as rinse aids. One of the most preferred s~rfactants is a bloc copolymer of the structure (po)n(Eo)n(Eopo)n(po)m(Eopo)n(Eo)n(po)n~
where m is an integer from 1-3 and each occurrence of n, independently, is an integer from 17-27, and EOPO
represents a random mixture of EO and PO units at a . . a , "I. .
l~.P~3~7~
ratio of EO to PO oE Erom about 6:100 to g:l00. Most preferably, the copolymer will be of the structure (PO )23(E O)26(EOPO)20(PO)l(EOPO)20(E(~)26(PO)23~
where EOPO represents a random mixture oE EO and PO
5 units at a ratio of EO to PO of about 7:93. The pre-ferred compound has an average molecular weight of between about 3,500-5,SU0, preferably about 4,500, and a welght percent of EO of about 25-35%, preferably about 30%. I, 10A preferred combination comprises the above-described copolyrner having blocks of randomly mixed EO
and and PO units, and a surfactant having the formula (PO)(EO)(PO)(EO)(PO), with molecular weight of around 1,800-2,200 and a percent EO of about 25-30%. Prefer-15ably, the ratio of one copolymer to the other will range from about 2:1 to 0.5:10 Most preferably, the combina-- tion will comprise around 50% of each of the two co-polymers.
Another preferred surfactant system comprises 20from about 20 to 80% of the copolymer having blocks of randomly mixed EO and PO units previously described, from about 1-5% of a nonylphenolethoxylate, and irom about 20 to 80% of a surfactant having the formula .
,~
25R-C-O-(EO)m(po)m(Eo)m(po)ml wherein m is an integer from about 18-22, preferably 20, and the surfactant has a molecular weight of from about 2,000 to 3~000l preferably about 2,500/ a percent - 30EO of about 36 to 44, preferably about 40, and where R
is a straight chain alkyl group having from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms. More preferably, the components will be present in amounts of from 45 to 50%, 2 to 4%, and 45 to 50%, respectively.
35The surfactant or surfactant system will comprise up to about 95~ by weight of the total rinse aid compo-sltion. Typically, the weight-percent surfactant will O
~L~3~
be in the range of about 60-90%, or more preferably, for improved rinse aid Eormation and sheeting action, in the range of about 80-90~.
Urea Solid rinse aid compositions of this invention comprise a urea occlusion composition of an effective occlusion forming amount of urea and a compatible surfactant as previously described. It is theorized that the urea reacts with the surfactant to form crys-talline urea adducts or occlusion compounds, wherein the urea molecules are wrapped in a spiral or helical formation around the molecules of surfactant. Gener-ally, urea will form occlusion compounds with long straight-chain molecules of 6 or more carbon atoms but not with branched or bulky molecules.
The solid rinse aid compositions of this inven-tion can comprise up to about 40% by weight urea.
Typically, the compositions will have a minimum of about 5% urea. We have found that the preferred compositions, for reasons of economy, desired hardness and solubility,comprise about 8 to 40% urea. Mcst preferably, the compositions generally comprise about 10 to 15~ urea.
Urea may be obtained from a variety of chemical suppliers, including Sohio Chemical Company, Nitrogen Chemicals Division. Typically, urea will be available in prilled form, and any industrial grade urea may be used in the context of this invention. -:
Water The composition of this invention further com- -prises water, to aid in the occlusion reaction, by solubilizing the urea. The composition of the inven-tion should comprise sufficient water to solubilize the urea. Typically, this requires a water:urea ratio greater than about 1:6. More preferably, for more effective formation and performance of the solid rinse aid, the water:urea ratio will be from about 1:3 to 1:5, and most preferably, about l ap water, distilled water, deionized water or the like may be used. Water ~3t~0~
is the preferred solvent because of its nontoxicity and ready availability.
Dispensing Rate Adjusting Additive Preferably, the solid rinse aid compositions of the invention include an effective dispensing rate modifying amount of a urea compatible additive, or dispensing rate adjusting additive. A dispensing rate adjusting additive is generally needed to provide for the desired rate cSf solubilization, when the solid rinse aid is in use.
Many factors, or dispensing variables, affect the rate of of solubilization or release of the surfac-tant from the solid rinse aid. We have found that the four major variables which affect the dispensing rate of this invention in either consumer or instutitional uses are the temperature of the incoming water, pressure of - the rinse water, length of time of the cycle during which water contacts the solid rinse aid to solubilize it, and, in a consumer setting, the design of the dispenser which may shield portions of the solid rinse aid from direct contact with the circulating water, or in an institutional setting, the presence and design of a screen in the dispenser between the solid rinse aid and the spray nozzle which directs water to the solid rinse aid. While these variables can be adjusted to more nearly provide the desired dispensing rate, never-theless we have found it desirable to include a dis-- pensing rate adjusting additive within the composition itselfO Use of the solid rinse aid which includes a dispensing rate adjusting additive according to this invention generally provides acceptable dispensing through the dispenser under typical conditions found in consumer and institutional use. The variables such as temperature, pressure, time and a screen can then be adjusted if necessary to obtain Gore precisely the dispensing rate preferred in a particular situation.
We have found that without a dispensing rate adjusting additive, the solid rinse aids of the inven-, . . , , ~l~.3~
tion can dispense more rapidly than necessary or de-sired. Consequently, we recommend that an effective dispensing rate modifying amount, (generally up to about 5~ for institutional uses and up to 30% for consumer uses), of a urea compatible dispensing rate adjusting additive be included in the solid rinse aid compositions of this invention. Generally, any organic low molecular weight water insoluble additive which would not inter fere with rinse'performance may be utilized as the dispensing rate adjusting additive. Preferred addil:ives include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, alkanolamide compounds such as stearic or palmitic alkanolamide, silicone dimethyl polysiloxane compounds, and free acids of organic phosphate esters.
A most preferred dispensing rate adjustinq addi-- tive comprises a phosphate ester of cetyl alcohol often available as a mixture of mono and di-cetyl phosphates.
This preferred additive is generally available as a nontoxic, nonhazardous solid or powder from well known chemical suppliers. This additive provides good disk pensing rate modification and also has good defoaming properties. Defoaming properties are useful particu larly for low temperature warewashing machines, because in low temperature machines the rinse water is used in the succeeding wash cycle, where defoaming is particu-larly desirable. -- For institutional solid rinse aids, the additive may be used in quantities up to about 5% by weight of the total solid rinse aid composition. More preferably, it will be used in sufficient quantity to form about 0.3-1.0% by weight of the total composition, particu-larly where a phosphate ester of cetyl alcohol is used and where the dispenser is subjected to a rinse water temperature of about 120 to 180 F., water pressure of around 10-60 p.s.i., and a dispensing cycle of about 0.5 to 15 seconds. With or without a typical screen, generally the solid rinse aid will then dispense at a , . . . .
r ~.~,3 t 0~
rate of about 0.3 to 0~8 grams per dispensing cycle, a rate we have found to be desirable or reasons of both efEective sheeting action and economy in a typical institutional warewashing machine having one rack for dishes and providing about 2-1/2 gallons of rinse water in which the rinse aid of each dispensing cycle will be dissolved. A particularly preferred rate is around 0.35-0.45, or about 0.4 grams per cycle. Expressed as parts per million, this dispensing provides a concen-tration of about 32 to 85 p.p.m. rinse aid in the rinsewater. More preferably the cohcentration will be between about 37 to 48, or around 41-43 p.p.m.
For the consumer product, the additive is used in quantities up to about 30% by weight of the total composition. Preferably the additive will be used to form about 3-30~ of the total composition, or more - preferably, about 5-10%. In consumer uses, the solid rinse aid is simply hung within the dishwashing machine.
It is solubilized by the action of water circulating through the machine, regardless of the cycle, and dispenses to some extent throughout the prewash, main wash, etc. However, the product is designed to dispense in the final rinse in a quantity sufficient to provide the desited sheeting performance. Under typical con-sumer conditions such as rinse water temperature ofabout 60-160 F., water pressure of about 10-100 p.s.i., and a final rinse time of about 2 to 10 minutes, the product will generally dispense at a rate of about 0.3-0.8 grams per final rinse cycle, or preferably, at around 0 35-0.45, or about 0.4 grams. As in the insti-tutional setting, this typically provides a concentra-tion of rinse aid in the rinse water of about 32 to 85 p.p.m. More preferably, the concentration will be between about 37 to 48, or most preferably, around 41-43 p.p.m.
Other Components The so]id rinse aid compositions of the invention may also include components such as dyes, preservatives and the lik`e.
1~3 7~3~
Dyes provide for a more pleasing appearance of the rinse aid. Any water soluble dye which does not interfere with the other desirable properties of the invention may be used. Suitable dyes include Fastusol Blue, available from Mobay Chemical Corp., Acid Orange 7, available from American Cyanamid, Basic Violet 10, available from Sandoz, Acid yellow 23, available from GAF, Sap Green, available from Keystone Analine and Chemical, ~letanll Yellow, available from Keystone Analine and Chemical, Acid Blue 9, available from Elilton Davis, Hisol Fast Red, available from Capitol Color and Chemical, Fluorescein, available from Capitol Color and Chemical, and Acid Green ~5, available from Ciba-Geigy.
While preservatives typically are not necessary in the context of this invention, they may be included where desired. Suitable preservatives include formalde-hyde, glutaraldehyde, methy p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate~ chloromethyl isophthiozolinone, methyl isophthiozolinone, and a Of Cll, C16 dimethylbenzyl Jo aluminum chloride such as that available as Hyamine 3500*
from Rohm & Haas, and the like. Suitable preservatives may be obtained from a variety of well known chemical suppliers.
Where used, these additional components can be provided in quantities as well known in the art ethod of Preparation The solid rinse aids of the invention can be -- prepared by any suitable procedure. We have found the following procedure to be preferable. First, the surfactant is charged into a suitable steam jacketed mixing vessel. If the surfactant is a solid, it is melted either before placing it in the vessel, or after placing it in the vessel but before the addition of water. As the surfactant is mixed, the water is slowly and continuously added. When the water has been added, the resulting solution is heated by pressurized steam, with mixing, to approximately 110 F. The urea is then slowly added, as the heating and mixing continues. With * Trademark the addition of the urea, the viscosity of the mixture increases and the mix speed is adjusted accordingly.
The dispensing rate adjusting additive dye, preserva-tive and other components are added, with continued mixing.
After the addition of these components, the mixture continues to be mixed and heated until it reaches about 220 F. To avoid water loss, urea degradation and the release of ammonia, at about 220 F. the source of heat is re~noved. Cooling is initiated by adding water to the steam jacket. The mixing continues.
Mixing should be continued with cooling to at least about 180 F. At about 180 F. or less, the mixture can be poured into containers and allowed to cool to room temperature, at which time it will be relatively solid. With time (2-4 days), the product cures or hardens.
The container may be formed of plastic material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like, or any other suitable material. For convenient use in typical currently available institutional warewashing machines, it is suggested that the shape or form of the container be cylindrical, with a height of about 4 to 8 inches and a diameter of about l to 4 inches. For consumer pur-poses, the container can surround the solid rinse aid dispenser or basset, so that the composition solidifies directly in the dispenser. For the consumer product~-it is suggested that the container be cylindrical in shape, about 2 inches high and about l inch in diameter.
The containers can be individual molds which may be prc,vided with removable tightly sealed covers and which may serve as packaging for the solid rinse aid It is of course also envisioned that the solid rinse aids may be removed from the containers for repackaging prior to sale.
Method of Use The solid rinse aids of the invention may be utilized in warewashing systems without monitoring the concentration of active ingredient in the rinse water.
The composition itself has a great impact on the dis-pensing rate and thus the concentration The solid rinse aids of the invent:ion are ~ormu-lated to dispense at a rate of about 0.3-0.8, or pre-ferably about 0.35-0.45, grams per cycle under typical warewashing rinse conditions. These conditions 'nave been discussed previously, and include about 2.5 gallons of rinse water. j~For machines utilizing about 5 gallons of rinse water, such as double rack institutional machines, the dispensing rate, expressed in grams per cycle, should be double. Expressed as parts per mil-lion, the rinse aid should dispense at an appropriate rate to provide a rinse aid concentration in the rinse water of about 32 to 85 p.p.m., more preferably about 37 to 48, or most preferably, around 41-43 p.p.m.
- In an institutional low temperature system, the solid rinse aid is placed in a dispenser where water to be added to the rinse water impinges the solid rinse aid before it enters the machine. Typically, this means that water sprays through a spray nozzle onto the product and dissolve:, some of the product, providing an effluent. The effluent is directed by gravity to the warewashing machine, where it commonly collects in a sump and is circulated and recirculated over the dishes In an institutional high temperature system, the rinse water is sprayed onto the dishes through a spray arm ox the machine. In the use of this invention, the rinse water sprays first through a spray nozzle onto the product, providing an effluent, which then flows into a holding tank and is then pumped into the line which brings the hot rinse water into the spray arm.
In a consumer machine, the solid rinse aid in its dispenser is hung or otherwise placed within the ma-chine. Circulating water regardless of the cycle)dissolves and distributes some of the product.
In all three uses, the active ingredients of the solid rinse ald are dissolved in the rinse water and act
3 7~
upon the dishes during rinsing.
The invention will be further understood by reference to the following Examples which include the preferred embodiment.
Example I
Into a 5 gallon steam jacketed ELB mixing vessel was charged 33.84 lbs. or ~4.6% by weight of the total composition of a polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene glycol surfactantlhaving the structure (Po)23(EO)26(Eopo)2o(po)(Eopo)2o(Eo)26(po)23 wherein EOPO represents a random mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units at a ratio of EO to PO
of about 7:93, having an average molecular weight of about 45a0 and a weight % of EO of about 30~ Mixing was begun at a speed of about 100 r.p.m. using a Lightnin mixer, and continued until the ultimate product was poured into molds. After 30 minutes, 1.7 lbs. or about 3.0~ by weight of the total composition tap watf~r was gradually added. When the addition of water was completed, the solution was heated using steam. When the temperature reached about 110 F., without discontinuing heating, 4.8 lbs. or about 12.0% by weight of the total composition prilled urea was slowly added. With the addition of urea, the viscosity of the solution increased and the mix speed - was increased accordingly.
Mixing and heating continued until the solution reached 220 F. The source of heat was then immediately removed. After removal of the solution from the heating source, 72.5 g. or about 0.4% by weight of the total composition of a mixture of mono and diphosphate esters of cetyl alcohol and about 1.09 g. or 0. on6% by weight of the total composition of Fastusol Blue dye were added.
Mixing continued while the solution was allowed to cool. When the temperature of the solution reached , _ I' ~ql f ~J a d' ~V'~
about 18C I., it was poured into 16 oz. cylindrical containers and allowed to harden in the molds at room temperature for approximately 4 days.
A solid rinse aid from the above batch was tested for performance as follows.
Six substrates (one each of china, melamine, glass plate, steel, knife, and glass tumbler) were appropriately placed in a ~obart FW-60-SR low tempera-ture warewashingi"machine, a machine typical of those currently in use in institutional settings. A solid rinse aid formed above was utilized at concentrations of 50 p.p.m., 100 p.p.m., 150 p.p.m., and 200 p.p.m./ as follows: a portion of a solid rinse aid formed above was weighed out, placed in a beaker and dissolved in water. This solution was added to the warewashing machine to achieve the desired concentrations.
The rinse aid solutions at the desired concen-trations were cycled over the substrates for thirty seconds. Upon visual inspection of the substrates after cycling at each concentration, the solid rinse aid was rated for sheeting action as follows: 0 = no sheeting, 1 = partial sheeting, 2 = complete sheeting.
Thus, the maximum value for sheeting action would be 12, indicating total sheeting on all six substrates.
Results were as hollows:
-p.p.m. Sheeting Action The sheeting action of 10 was due to partial sheeting on the melamine and glass plate substrates.
These results indicate very effective rinse aid performance.
., . , .
3~
Example II
Solid rinse aids were made as in Example I, but without any dispensing rate adjusting additive, i.e.
without mono and diphosphate esters of cetyl alcohol.
After formation and hardening, 4 samples, 2A
through 2D, were tested for dispensing rate. Each sample was weighed, then placed in the dispenser of a Hobart FW-60-SR low temperature warewashing machine.
The machine was,operated by means of a timer which cycled water to the dispenser precisely as would occur during rinsing. The cycles were 3 seconds in length, and lO cycles were conducted with respect to each sample.
After cycling, the remaining block of solid rinse aid was removed from the dispenser and dried by allowing any excess water to drain away, at ambient conditions, for about 15 minutes. The solid rinse aid was then weighed.
The difference in weight of the solid rinse aid before cycling and after cycling, divided by the number of cycles, provided the average dispensing rate.
Each sample was tested at both 140 F., and 120 The dispensing rate results were as follows:
140 F. 120 F. - -Same Dispensed* Dispensed* -2A 0O48 grams 0.84 grams 2B 0.76 grams 0.78 grams 30 2C 0.57 grams 0.61 grams 2D 0.64 yrams 0.57 grams _________________ * Per 3-second cycle Example III
Three batches of solid rinse aid were prepared as in Example I, but instead of adding 0.4% by weight 7~
oE a mixture ox mono and diphosphate esters o cetyl alcohol, were added 1%, 3~, and 5%, respectively, for formulations 3A, 3B, and 3C.
The solid rinse aids were tested for dispensing rate as in example II, except that instead of cycling 10 times, a sample of each solid rinse aid was cycled a minimum of 20 times, at a water temperature of 130 F.
The results were as follows:
130 F.
Sample Dispensed*
3A 0.3 grams 3B 0.18 grams 3C 0.05 grams _______ _________ * per 3-second cycle This Example illustrates the effectiveness of a dispensing rate adjusting additive in modifying the dispensing rate. In this surfactant and urea combina-tion, a five fold increase in the amount of the cetyl alcohol esters reduced the dispensing rate by a factor of six.
The foregoing description and Examples are exemp-lary of the invention. However, since persons skilled in the art can make various embodiments without depart-ing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention is embodied in the claims hereinafter ap-pended.
s
upon the dishes during rinsing.
The invention will be further understood by reference to the following Examples which include the preferred embodiment.
Example I
Into a 5 gallon steam jacketed ELB mixing vessel was charged 33.84 lbs. or ~4.6% by weight of the total composition of a polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene glycol surfactantlhaving the structure (Po)23(EO)26(Eopo)2o(po)(Eopo)2o(Eo)26(po)23 wherein EOPO represents a random mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units at a ratio of EO to PO
of about 7:93, having an average molecular weight of about 45a0 and a weight % of EO of about 30~ Mixing was begun at a speed of about 100 r.p.m. using a Lightnin mixer, and continued until the ultimate product was poured into molds. After 30 minutes, 1.7 lbs. or about 3.0~ by weight of the total composition tap watf~r was gradually added. When the addition of water was completed, the solution was heated using steam. When the temperature reached about 110 F., without discontinuing heating, 4.8 lbs. or about 12.0% by weight of the total composition prilled urea was slowly added. With the addition of urea, the viscosity of the solution increased and the mix speed - was increased accordingly.
Mixing and heating continued until the solution reached 220 F. The source of heat was then immediately removed. After removal of the solution from the heating source, 72.5 g. or about 0.4% by weight of the total composition of a mixture of mono and diphosphate esters of cetyl alcohol and about 1.09 g. or 0. on6% by weight of the total composition of Fastusol Blue dye were added.
Mixing continued while the solution was allowed to cool. When the temperature of the solution reached , _ I' ~ql f ~J a d' ~V'~
about 18C I., it was poured into 16 oz. cylindrical containers and allowed to harden in the molds at room temperature for approximately 4 days.
A solid rinse aid from the above batch was tested for performance as follows.
Six substrates (one each of china, melamine, glass plate, steel, knife, and glass tumbler) were appropriately placed in a ~obart FW-60-SR low tempera-ture warewashingi"machine, a machine typical of those currently in use in institutional settings. A solid rinse aid formed above was utilized at concentrations of 50 p.p.m., 100 p.p.m., 150 p.p.m., and 200 p.p.m./ as follows: a portion of a solid rinse aid formed above was weighed out, placed in a beaker and dissolved in water. This solution was added to the warewashing machine to achieve the desired concentrations.
The rinse aid solutions at the desired concen-trations were cycled over the substrates for thirty seconds. Upon visual inspection of the substrates after cycling at each concentration, the solid rinse aid was rated for sheeting action as follows: 0 = no sheeting, 1 = partial sheeting, 2 = complete sheeting.
Thus, the maximum value for sheeting action would be 12, indicating total sheeting on all six substrates.
Results were as hollows:
-p.p.m. Sheeting Action The sheeting action of 10 was due to partial sheeting on the melamine and glass plate substrates.
These results indicate very effective rinse aid performance.
., . , .
3~
Example II
Solid rinse aids were made as in Example I, but without any dispensing rate adjusting additive, i.e.
without mono and diphosphate esters of cetyl alcohol.
After formation and hardening, 4 samples, 2A
through 2D, were tested for dispensing rate. Each sample was weighed, then placed in the dispenser of a Hobart FW-60-SR low temperature warewashing machine.
The machine was,operated by means of a timer which cycled water to the dispenser precisely as would occur during rinsing. The cycles were 3 seconds in length, and lO cycles were conducted with respect to each sample.
After cycling, the remaining block of solid rinse aid was removed from the dispenser and dried by allowing any excess water to drain away, at ambient conditions, for about 15 minutes. The solid rinse aid was then weighed.
The difference in weight of the solid rinse aid before cycling and after cycling, divided by the number of cycles, provided the average dispensing rate.
Each sample was tested at both 140 F., and 120 The dispensing rate results were as follows:
140 F. 120 F. - -Same Dispensed* Dispensed* -2A 0O48 grams 0.84 grams 2B 0.76 grams 0.78 grams 30 2C 0.57 grams 0.61 grams 2D 0.64 yrams 0.57 grams _________________ * Per 3-second cycle Example III
Three batches of solid rinse aid were prepared as in Example I, but instead of adding 0.4% by weight 7~
oE a mixture ox mono and diphosphate esters o cetyl alcohol, were added 1%, 3~, and 5%, respectively, for formulations 3A, 3B, and 3C.
The solid rinse aids were tested for dispensing rate as in example II, except that instead of cycling 10 times, a sample of each solid rinse aid was cycled a minimum of 20 times, at a water temperature of 130 F.
The results were as follows:
130 F.
Sample Dispensed*
3A 0.3 grams 3B 0.18 grams 3C 0.05 grams _______ _________ * per 3-second cycle This Example illustrates the effectiveness of a dispensing rate adjusting additive in modifying the dispensing rate. In this surfactant and urea combina-tion, a five fold increase in the amount of the cetyl alcohol esters reduced the dispensing rate by a factor of six.
The foregoing description and Examples are exemp-lary of the invention. However, since persons skilled in the art can make various embodiments without depart-ing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention is embodied in the claims hereinafter ap-pended.
s
Claims (24)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS.
1. A method of warewashing, including at least a wash water cycle and a rinse water cycle, which comprises dispens-ing, in a rinse cycle, an effective amount of a surfactant from a water soluble solid block rinse aid said rinse aid consisting essentially of:
a) about 5-40% by weight urea;
b) about 60-90% by weight of a polymeric synthetic organic surfactant having a molecular weight of about 700-14,000 comprising a polyethylene oxide block and a polypropyl-ene oxide block; and c) sufficient water to provide a water:urea weight ratio of about 1:3 to 1:6.
a) about 5-40% by weight urea;
b) about 60-90% by weight of a polymeric synthetic organic surfactant having a molecular weight of about 700-14,000 comprising a polyethylene oxide block and a polypropyl-ene oxide block; and c) sufficient water to provide a water:urea weight ratio of about 1:3 to 1:6.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the solid block rinse aid comprises about 5-15% by weight urea.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the solid block rinse aid comprises about 80-90% by weight surfactant.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the polyether compound is a polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene glycol polymer.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the polyoxyethylene/-polyoxypropylene glycol polymer has the structure (PO)n(EO)n(EOPO)n(PO)m(EOPO)n(EO)n(PO)n where PO represents propylene oxide units and EO represents ethylene oxide units, EOPO represents a random mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units at a ratio of EO to PO of about 6:100 to 9:100, m is an integer from 1-3, each occurrence of n, independently, is an integer from 17-27, and where the polymer has an average molecular weight of between about 3,500-5,500 and a weight percent of EO of about 25-35%.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the solid rinse aid further comprises an effective dispensing rate modifying amount of a urea compatible additive.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the additive com-prises a low molecular weight substantially water-insoluble compound.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the additive comprises an alkanolamide compound, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, a silicone dimethyl polysiloxane compound, a free acid of an organic phosphate ester compound, or mixtures thereof.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the additive comprises a cetyl alcohol phosphate ester compound.
10. The method of claim 6 wherein the additive is present in the solid rinse aid at up to about 30% by weight of the solid rinse aid.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the additive is present in the solid rinse aid at up to about 5% by weight of the solid rinse aid.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymeric synthetic organic surfactant is an aliphatic alcohol alkoxylate or an aliphatic carboxylic acid alkoxylate.
13. A water soluble solid block rinse aid consisting essentially of:
a) about 5-40% by weight urea;
b) about 60-90% by weight of a polymeric synthetic organic surfactant having a molecular weight of about 700-14,000 comprising a polyethylene oxide block and a polypropyl-ene oxide block; and c) sufficient water to provide a water:urea weight ratio of about 1:3 to 1:6.
a) about 5-40% by weight urea;
b) about 60-90% by weight of a polymeric synthetic organic surfactant having a molecular weight of about 700-14,000 comprising a polyethylene oxide block and a polypropyl-ene oxide block; and c) sufficient water to provide a water:urea weight ratio of about 1:3 to 1:6.
14. A rinse aid as in claim13 comprising about 5 to 15%
by weight urea.
by weight urea.
15. A rinse aid as in claim14 comprising about 80-90%
by weight surfactant.
by weight surfactant.
16. The solid rinse aid of claim 13 wherein the polyether compound is a polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene glycol polymer.
17. A solid rinse aid of claim 16 wherein the polyoxy-ethylene/polyoxypropylene glycol polymer has the structure (PO)n(EO)n(EOPO)n(PO)m(EOPO)n(EO)n(PO)n where PO represents propylene oxide units and EO represents ethylene oxide units, EOPO represents a random mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units at a ratio of EO to PO of about 6:100 to 9:100, m is an integer from 1-3, each occurrence of n, independently, is an integer from 17-27, and where the polymer has an average molecular weight of between about 3,500-5,500 and a weight percent of EO of about 25-35%.
18. The solid rinse aid of claim 13 further comprising an effective dispensing rate modifying amount of a urea compatible additive.
19. The solid rinse aid of claim 18 wherein the additive comprises a low molecular weight substantially water insoluble compound.
20. The solid rinse aid of claim 19 wherein the addi-tive comprises an alkanolamide compound, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, a silicone dimethyl polysiloxane compound, a free acid of an organic phosphate ester compound, or mixtures thereof.
21. The solid rinse aid of claim 19 wherein the additive comprises a cetyl alcohol phosphate ester compound.
22. The solid rinse aid of claim 18 wherein the additive is present in the solid rinse aid at up to about 30% by weight of the solid rinse aid.
23. The solid rinse aid of claim 22 wherein the additive is present in the solid rinse aid at up to about 5% by weight of the solid rinse aid.
24. The solid rinse aid of claim 13 wherein the polymeric synthetic organic surfactant is an aliphatic alcohol alkoxylate or an aliphatic carboxylic acid alkoxylate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/671,673 US4624713A (en) | 1984-11-15 | 1984-11-15 | Solid rinse aids and methods of warewashing utilizing solid rinse aids |
| US671,673 | 1984-11-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1237042A true CA1237042A (en) | 1988-05-24 |
Family
ID=24695458
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000488565A Expired CA1237042A (en) | 1984-11-15 | 1985-08-13 | Solid rinse aids and methods of warewashing utilizing solid rinse aids |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4624713A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0182461B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH078996B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE39127T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU586826B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8504818A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1237042A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3566677D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK162941C (en) |
| FI (1) | FI78501C (en) |
| GR (1) | GR852060B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE58203B1 (en) |
| MC (1) | MC1703A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX166798B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO165552C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ213083A (en) |
| SG (1) | SG41589G (en) |
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-
1984
- 1984-11-15 US US06/671,673 patent/US4624713A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1985
- 1985-08-13 NZ NZ213083A patent/NZ213083A/en unknown
- 1985-08-13 CA CA000488565A patent/CA1237042A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-08-16 AU AU46257/85A patent/AU586826B2/en not_active Expired
- 1985-08-26 GR GR852060A patent/GR852060B/el unknown
- 1985-09-05 EP EP85306289A patent/EP0182461B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-05 DE DE8585306289T patent/DE3566677D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-05 AT AT85306289T patent/ATE39127T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-09-09 NO NO853513A patent/NO165552C/en unknown
- 1985-09-12 IE IE225585A patent/IE58203B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-09-13 JP JP60201929A patent/JPH078996B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-09-26 DK DK437185A patent/DK162941C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-09-30 BR BR8504818A patent/BR8504818A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-01 FI FI853795A patent/FI78501C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-01 MX MX000080A patent/MX166798B/en unknown
- 1985-10-31 MC MC851799A patent/MC1703A1/en unknown
-
1989
- 1989-07-11 SG SG415/89A patent/SG41589G/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO165552C (en) | 1991-02-27 |
| FI853795A0 (en) | 1985-10-01 |
| BR8504818A (en) | 1986-07-22 |
| EP0182461B1 (en) | 1988-12-07 |
| FI78501C (en) | 1989-08-10 |
| DK437185D0 (en) | 1985-09-26 |
| DE3566677D1 (en) | 1989-01-12 |
| NZ213083A (en) | 1988-07-28 |
| DK437185A (en) | 1986-05-16 |
| FI78501B (en) | 1989-04-28 |
| MX166798B (en) | 1993-02-08 |
| FI853795L (en) | 1986-05-16 |
| MC1703A1 (en) | 1986-09-22 |
| AU586826B2 (en) | 1989-07-27 |
| NO853513L (en) | 1986-05-16 |
| DK162941C (en) | 1992-05-25 |
| SG41589G (en) | 1990-07-06 |
| IE58203B1 (en) | 1993-07-28 |
| ATE39127T1 (en) | 1988-12-15 |
| NO165552B (en) | 1990-11-19 |
| JPS61120900A (en) | 1986-06-07 |
| GR852060B (en) | 1986-03-11 |
| JPH078996B2 (en) | 1995-02-01 |
| DK162941B (en) | 1991-12-30 |
| US4624713A (en) | 1986-11-25 |
| IE852255L (en) | 1986-05-15 |
| EP0182461A1 (en) | 1986-05-28 |
| AU4625785A (en) | 1986-05-22 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |