CA1223950A

CA1223950A - Variable power lens system

Info

Publication number: CA1223950A
Application number: CA000480921A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Seymour P. Kern
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1984-05-16
Filing date: 1985-05-07
Publication date: 1987-07-07
Also published as: US4601545A; WO1985005466A1; AU4431085A; EP0181395A4; EP0181395A1; JPS61502221A

Abstract

VARIABLE POWER LENS SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT

There has been provided a variable lens. In one form the lens power may be varied and in another the power may be selectively fixed in a carrier material. There are no moving mechanical parts but instead an optically active molecular material such as liquid crystals. In one embodiment, the lens and control means for varying the power of the lens are mounted on a common substrate. The lens may be a single optical element or a multi-element device such as a Fresnel lens. A
variable gradient index of refraction is achievable by applying a controlled stimulus field to the lens. For example, a geometrically configured matrix of electrical voltages, each at a selected addressable location relative to the optically active material, provides the gradient in one embodiment. A
thin film embodiment finds applications in magnifying glasses, cameras, telescopes, microscopes, as well as for intraocular and contact lenses for the human eye.

Description

I
1 BACXGROU~D OF TOE INVENTION

4 FIELD OF TOE I~V~NTIO~

6 The invention relates to a lens system, and more 7 particularly, to a variable or adjustable power lens device, lo PRIOR ART
if to Variable focus lenses of various types are disclosed, For lo example, US. Patent Nos. 4,373,218 and 4,190,330 disclose 14 liquid crystal devices. In these prior art systems, the liquid Is crystal element is a relatively thick film, and thus requires 16 relatively high activation power. Patent Jo. 4,373,218 57 discloses a variable power intraocular lens formed of an I expandable sack for implantation into the anterior chamber of a lo human eye. The lens may be a liquid crystal device controlled by a separate microprocessor. The liquid crystal material is 21 contained within the expandable sock. Patent No. 4,1~0,330 22 discloses the use of liquid crystal material in a complex dual 23 lens configuration in which the focal length is varied by I application of an electromagnetic field such as a magnetic field produced by an induction coil surrounding the entire lens 26 structure. In US. Patent Nos. 4,222,641; 4,016,094; and 27 3 ,499 ,112 various liquid crystal matrix devices are disclosed 28 or color and light control. However, there is no system 29 providing variable cylinder power and axis, prism power and axis, light and color in addition to sphere 32 'I

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2 following US. Patents:

4 29,684 Gordon 53,673,616 Fedorov et at 63,974,331 Pepsin 73,g76,874 Lange et at 83,980,880 DIAgostino 93,982,239 Shorn Lowe Boyle et at ll4,044,546 Wreck l24,050,814 McFadden l34,143r265 Xrappatsch i44,239,345 Berman et at 154,241,339 Ushiyama 164,272,910 Dank l74,279,474 Belgrade l84,300,8~8 Squeakier Issue LaFuente 204,362j~33 Renoir et at 2l4,368,386 Huignard et at ~]4,374,325 Herewith 28 `

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l SUMMARY OF TIE INVENTION

3 In one form, the present invention comprises a variable power

4 lens having a thin film of optically active molecular material on a substrate, and means in operative relation Jo the material 6 for producing a variable gradient index of refraction therein.
7 In another embodiment, the invention comprises a multi-element, 8 self-powered, variable lens. The present invention may be constructed so that the power requirement is small. Suitable power supplies for the invention include for example, a solar 11 cell, a therm ionic device, a low level nuclear power source, 12 and a biological fuel cell. In miniaturized form, the 13 invention is used as an intraocular or contact lens system in 14 a human. The invention includes a lens in which the index of refraction is graded across the face and thereafter fixed at 16 the value so established. In yet another embodiment, the lens 17 is a flat structure of virtually any size, wherein a refractive z] index radiant creates a sub~tarkial change in lone power.

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, , l OBJECTS OF TOE INVENTION

3 It is therefore a principal object of the present invention 4 to provide an adjustable power lens system of thin film s construction utilizing an optically active molecular material 6 such as liquid crystals.

Is is another object of the invention to provide an 9 adjustable power lens system having an optically active molecular material on a substrate and moans in operative if relation to the material for producing a variable gradient 12 index of refraction.

it It is still another oboe t of the invention to provide a multi-element variable lens using optically active molecular 16 material.

It is still another object of the invention to provide a 19 variable power lens comprising an; optically active lens element responsive to an electric potential for changing the lens 21 power, means for controlling the electrical potential applied 22 to the lens element and a source of electrical potential, 23 wherein at least the lens element and control means are 24 contained on a common substrate 26 It is still another object of the invention to provide a 27 variable power lens comprising an optically active lens element 28 responsive to a plurality of applied electrical potentials 29 configured in the form of addressable matrix locations for providing a gradient in the refractive index of the lens Al element.

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l It is still an additional object of the invention to provide t a variable power multi-element lens such as a Fresnel lens in 3 which each element thereon comprises a controlled liquid 4 optical element that is adapted for addressable control by a respective electrode ox a plurality of electrodes to which 6 selectable electrical voltages are applied.

8 It is still an additional object of the present invention to 9 provide a contact lens to be placed upon the cornea of the human eye, the ophthalmic correction provided by such a lens if being established by the application of selectable voltages to 12 liquid crystal material contained in the lens.

14 It is still an additional object of the present invention to provide a moldable variable power lens in which an optically :: active, curable material is subjected to a selectee electromagnetic field for selection of lens parameters before mu being c Ed into a permanent lent configuration.

:Z8 I.'.,,, Jo Jo ' l BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TOE DRAWINGS

3 The aforementioned objects and advantages of the present 4 invention, as well as additional objects and advantages thereof will be more fully understood hereinafter as a result of 6 detailed descriptions of various embodiments, when taken in 7 conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

9 FIG. l is a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention and control thrower;
If 12 FIG 2 is a schematic representation of the embodiment 13 described in FIG. l as an integral device;

FIG. 3 is a side sectional representation of the device shown 16 in FIG. 2 taken along lines 3-3 thereof;
1'7 18 FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a device similar to 19 that shown in Figs 2 and 3 with multiple elements;
21 Figs Audi are schematic representations of various 22 electrode arrangements of the present invention;

24 Figs awoke show an embodiments of the present invention in the form of an intraocular lens;

27 Figs Audi are schematic representations of fresnel lens I elements which may be utilized in the present invention; and FIG. is a schematic representation of a method and 32 apparatus for fabricating a fixed value gradient index lens.

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` 2 I ¦ The above schematic representations include materials of 2 ¦ various thicknesses and sizes which have been exaggerated for 3 ¦ purposes of illustration. It should also be understood that 4 ¦ in a preferred ~m~odiment, the variable power lens of the ¦ resent invention shall have been appropriately sized.

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l ¦ DESCRIPTION OF TIE INVENTION

3 ¦ Referring first to FIX. 1, it will be seen that in one 4 embodiment of the present inven~ionr a variable lens system, represented by the reference numeral 50, comprises a variable 6 power optically active lens 52, a microprocessor or central 7 processing unit (CPV) 54, a power supply 56, a grating means or 8 a gate 58, and a sensor 60. The CPU 54 may be an integrated 9 circuit or micro-chip deposited on an organic or inorganic Ill substrate. If used in the human body, the device should be Al enclosed in a biologically inert package The CPU 54 comprises lo circuit means for generating a series of commands for lo controlling the lens 52. CPU 54 includes either fixed ROM or lo rewrite able RAM memory to store instructions regarding distribution of voltage levels described below Instructions from the CPU 54 are coupled to gate 58, which controls lo electrode arrays or inputs 62 and 64 to apply an electric yield 18 to the lens 52. A conductor matrix 71, coupled to the lug electrode arrays 62 and 64, responsive to the CPU 54 via gate 5B, produces a controlled electric field gradient in lens 54, Al as hereinafter described. Roy power supply 56 is appropriately 22 coupled to the gate 58. Upon instruction from CPU 54, the gate 23 58 delivers or controls power to matrix 71 via the arrays 62 24 and 64. The gate I may include active elements incorporated or integrated with the arrays 62 and 64 and the matrix 71.
26 Sensor 60 provides information to the CPU 54 for varying the 27 power axis, color correction, and/or light intensity entering 28 the lens 52. An electromagnetic responsive optically active material 72 is located in operative relative to matrix 71. The material I may be a pneumatic, cholesteric or emetic liquid Al crystal material or combination thereof, a charge coupled 32 device or other electrical, chemical or optically active ~.~ .
''I, I' ' ., I, I material. Electrode matrix control of liquid crystal for 2 displays is disclosed in USE Patent Nos. 3,~82,239; 4,016,094;
3 and 4,050,814 s In FIG. 2, the system 50 ox FIG. 1 is illustrated in 6 integrated circuit form. If desired certain components may be 7 remotely located from others. Corresponding components from 8 FIG. 1 carry the same reference numerals lo The system 50 comprises substrate 70 upon which is deposited If microprocessor 54, power supply 56, gate 58, and sensor 60.
2 The substrate 70 should be transparent at least in the area of 3 lens 52. Array 62 and 64 and matrix 71 may be deposited on the 14 substrate 70 in various forms including a grid matrix of lo respective horizontal and vertical transparent conductors 73 6 and 75 as shown. Electrically, chemically, or optically active material 72 (erg. liquid crystal material) is located in the 18 lens area 52 in operative relation to the matrix 71 whereby the It electric field produced thereby influences the material 72.
21 Referring to Fig 3 1 it is seen that the substrate 70 22 comprises a pair of opposed transparent plates aye and 70b.
23 These plates may be manufactured of micro sheet glass, ceramic, 24 glass-ceramic, resin, silicon silicone acrylic, or other suitable material or combination thereof. The CPU 54, power z6 supply 56, gate 58, and sensor 60 may be deposited my known 27 methods onto one or both of the sheets aye and 70b. As shown 28 further in FIG. I the input arrays 62 and 64 and conductors 73 29 and 75 are deposited on the opposed interior faces of the sheets aye and 70b. A chamber 76 is provided wherein there may 31 be incorporated the electrically, chemically or optically 32 active material 72 (sometimes hereinafter active material 72~.
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I If a liquid crystal is used as the active material 72, an 2 alignment layer (not shown) of a known type it provided on the 3 substrate aye and 70b in a well known manner.

s In at least one embodiment of the present invention, 6 application ox voltage across the assay material 72 causes its 7 index of refraction o change The voltage applied across the 8 active material 72 may be variable and selectively placed and 9 the optical response of the active material 72 is variable in lo accordance with the voltage applied. The grid matrix 71 of l respective horizontal and vertical conductors 73 and 75 allows 12 the electrostatic field produced by the applied voltage to be 13 selectively controlled at discrete points so that a gradient lo index of refraction, varying across the face thereof, is produced. Those having skill in the optics art will understand 16 that the gradient in refractive index results in a device which 17 selectively bends light as a function ox position across the 18 lens.

The CPU 54 selectively enexgizes~one or more of the l respective horizontal and vertical inputs 62 and 64 via the 2 gate 58. The respective conductors 73 and 75 are separated by 3 a finite distance d of about 1 to 100 microns as illustrated in 4 FIG. 3. The space between the electrodes is small thereby minimizing response time and power requirements. In the 6 projection of FIG. 2, the conductors 73 and 75 appear to 27 intersect at cross points, e.g. I If t for example, an 8 electrical signal is selectively impressed upon the vertical 9 electrode 75c and horizontal electrode 73c, an electron static Ha field is created there between at the cross point, 78c. The l field Ha creates a change in the molecular arrangement of the 2 active material 72 causing it to alter its refractive index in I, ,, '"".'~' -I 1 .` ~''',';~ ,, .. . .
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.-1 accordance with the magnitude of the applied voltage. Each of 2 the cross points 78 in the lens 52 may be accordingly addressed 3 and energized such thaw a voltage gradient appears across thy lens 52, and thus, the power of the lent may be finely s controlled The electrodes 73 and 75 are preferably 6 transparent conductors, for example, indium oxide or tin oxide 7 films. Other matrix arrangements in which, for example, 8 conductors 73 and 75 are on the same side of the active 9 material 72 and a common or ground plane is on the opposite side of material 72, are also contemplated.
if 12 If the active material 72 is a thin film, it is possible to 13 create a relatively large and fast index change with 14 considerably less power than with more complex devices such as liquid crystal twist cells. Also, the electrode matrix 16 configuration herein before described, provides optical leverage 17 because differences in index create the lens effect in the same manner as lens curvature.

If the response time is sufficiently reduced, the device may 21 be operated as an electronic camera shutter. In a multi element 22 device, hereinafter described, the lens and shutter have no 23 moving parts 2'1 l The system 50 may be a totally integrated device including 26 charge coupled components to provide lens power. Also, the 27 system may be hybrid formed such thaw the surfaces of the I plates aye and 70b have curvature as shown. Likewise, the 29 plates aye and 70b may be curved and parallel as in an ophthalmic lens. At any raze, a close approximation of the 31 desired focal length of the lens system 50 may be provided by 32 manipulation of the surfaces of the substrate 70. Accordingly ; "

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-l where a narrow range of powers is needed, only a minor change 2 is necessary in order to correct for the various anticipated 3 focal positions.

s The system 50 may be encapsulated in suitable materials 80 6 such as materials selected from the group consisting of 7 silicones, polymethacrylate, Sterno, praline, ceramic, glass, 8 nylon and mylar.

0 For certain applications the materials should hermetically if seal the system 50 and prevent deterioration of the materials 12 there within. In addition, when used in a bionic device, the 13 encapsulating materials 80 should be bio-compatible or inert 14 substances.
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16 In FIG. 4, an alternate embodiment 150 of the invention is 17 disclosed. Substrate 70 includes front and rear micro sheets 18 aye and 70b and intermediate sheets 70c, 70d, eye and 70f~ The 19 sheets are each separated by a finite distance d' of about 1-50 microns, as shown, to allow for the formation of a film of 21 optically active material I in the respective spaces or 22 chambers aye. In accordance with the principle of the 23 present invention, the aforementioned power supply 56, CPU 54, 24 and gate 58, sensor 60, and other elements such as a radio receiver may be deposited on the substrate 70 in the blocks 26 labeled y no L erroneous numeral 80.

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I Jo l It should be understood that appropriate integrated circuit 2 techniques may be utilized for producing the microprocessor 54 3 and power supply 5Z r etc. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, 4 the system 150 may include a single optical element liquid s crystal device in the chamber aye, a multi-element device in 6 chamber 74b and shutter in chamber 74c~ on addition, although 7 five chambers aye are shown, additional chambers may be 8 added. Further one chamber may ye multiplexed for a variety g of functions, and the surfaces and chambers may be curved lo instead ox straight as shown in FIG. 4.
if 12 In operation, the magnification of an image changes with the 13 applied electrical field gradient across the lens. Variation lo in the refractive index gradient of the material changes the power of the lens Various electrode arrangements as 16 illustrated in Figs Audi, may be provided in order to create 17 different optical effects. For example, electrodes may be alternately powered concentric electrodes 90 on a single 19 substrate for creating a cylindrical lens effect (FIX. 5c).
Similarly, various combinations may be provided for creating a 21 most useful spheric lens effect. The electrodes may be in the 22 form of a dot matrix of oppose transparent electrodes 92 with 23 individually addressable dots 94 on one or both surfaces, FIG.
Al pa; conductive radial lines 96 emanating from, or to, a central point, FIG. 5b; or concentric squares 98 and the like, FIG. Ed.

27 In the embodiment shown in Figs Ahab a system 250 may be 28 miniaturized for use as an intraocular or contact lens. For 29 example, the entire structure may be 5-7 millimeters in diameter overall. The lens portion I may be some fraction of 31 the same, for example 2.5-5 millimeters in diameter. The 32 remaining area may be devoted to the CPU 54, the gate 58, the Jo . .., ..
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l sensor 60 and the power supply 56. It is estimated that the 2 amount of area xeq~ired for the CPU 54, the gate 58 t and the 3 sensor 60 is approxlma~ely 30 to 40% of the total area. Thus, 4 a substantial portion of the system 250 is available for a s radioactive electrical ion generator, a photoelectric or solar 6 cell, a therm ionic device or the like 8 In the embodiment of the present invention as an intraocular 9 lens, it is intended that the system 250 operate for long periods of time (e.g. 50 years. The voltage required to create a suitable electric field should be in the order of Owl I to 20 volts. It is possible to create a power supply 56 13 utilizing a low level nuclear source such as strontium 90, 14 which can operate for as long as for 50 years and produce a us uniform and reliable power source in the order of Lowe 16 nonwhites. Such voltages are believed capable of producing a 17 lens power gradient across the lens in the range of -20 and ~20 18 dotters which is sufficient for most corrections. The entire 19 range can be achieved in multi-element lens configurations such 20 as Fresnel lenses.

22 If a photoelectric device is utilized, the period of I operation may also be measured in years because the I photoelectric device receives energy from the ambient light and 25 converts the same into usable electric power. Because by 26 definition, the system 250 look for light as the image, the 27 same light produces sufficient photo energy to maintain the 28 power supply 56 operative for driving itself In the 29 embodiment of the present invention as a contact lens, a rechargeable power supply may be provided.

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l In the embodiment of Figs pa and 6b, an antenna may be 2 provided for radio or wireless control, and a radio receiver 3 (not shown may be incorporated into the integrated structure 4 of the CPU 54, gate 58 and sensor OWE The antenna may be part s of the lens supporting structure such as around the periphery 6 ox the lens.

8 In an alternative contact lens configuration, a conventional 9 lens structure 100 is provided with an accessible compartment lo designed to accommodate a thin film optically active integrated If lens structure 104 of the type illustrated in Figs 1 and 2.

lo The lens surface may be formed with fresnel shapes, which are 14 particularly useful with liquid crystal optically active 15 molecular materials. For example, in Figs pa end 7b front and ; side sectional elevations of a circular resnel lens 350 are : 17 shown Concentric ring fresnel surfaces 112 are separated by a lo spacing S. Active materiel 72 may be deposited on one or both 19 surfaces 114 and 115 of the lens 350. The spacing S of the 20 fresnel surfaces 112 may be as close as possible to the 21 wavelength of the light without creating fiignificant 22 distortion. In Figs 7c and Ed a fresnel lens 350l having 23 parallel fresnel surfaces 118 is illustrated The fresnel 24 surfaces are formed of electrically conductive material. Each 25 . such surface is separately addressable for controlling the 26 lens There may also be an electrode on surface 114 opposite 27 fresnel surfaces 112 and 118 for gross lens control.

28 Furthermore, the lens itself may be conventional but have 29 adjacent one or both of its surfaces, a contiguous layer of optically active material for varying lens power.

32 l 'I' I. , l Another embodiment of the invention is schematically 2 illustrated in FIG. 8. A moldable material 119 is deposited in 3 a mold 120 including opposed mold surfaces 122 and 124 forming 4 mold cavity 126. The material 119 may be in the form of an organic polymer P mixed with optically active material A The 6 mixture is deposited in the mold 120. Electrodes 130 are in 7 operative communication with the material 119 in the mold 8 cavity 126. The electrodes 130 may be coupled to a CPU (not 9 shown in FIG. 8), which may address electrodes 130 and create a lo gradient electric field Erg within the mold 120. In one if embodiment the moldable material fig is porous, for example, a lo hydrophilic contact lens material, for receiving optically lo active material therein. The material 119 is injected into 14 mold 120. The electric field Erg is applied over electrodes 130 lo to establish a gradient refractive index in the mold material lo 119. Thereafter the material it either heat cured by a lo resistive heater 132, chemically cured or simply allowed to set ; lo depending upon the selected material 119.
It In another embodiment, a hydrophilic contact lens blank is Al impregnated with a liquid crystal material and placed in 22 operative relation with the electrode 1300 The liquid crystal 23 it thus oriented in accordance with the field and a lens power 24 established. It may also be possible to deposit the mold us material directly in the eye as a liquid film, and apply a low 26 power electric field directly to the film to produce a contact 27 lens which may be worn for an indefinite period and disposed 38 f.

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I It is intended that the components be made as light weight as 2 possible For example, the envelope or structural components 3 described herein may be formed of various ornery or inorganic 4 materials including gels. Such materials may be hermetically s sealed, depending on their intended use.

7 In yet another embodiment, the present invention may include 8 a wireless receiver for receiving control signals from a remote g control device. Such a system may provide a miniaturized 0 interactive game or display device, and may be in the form of a 11 non-invasive or temporarily inserted device e.g., a contact-12 like lens.

It will now be understood that the present invention comprises an adjustable power lens system having an optically 16 active molecular Motorola Various novel embodiments have been disclosed that exhibit features no shown in the prior art.
18 Thin film construction/ integrated lens and control, multi-19 element configuration, gradient inducing addressable control signal matrices, contact lens configurations, curable material Al fabrication, multiple element complex lens and shutter 22 combinations and variable cylinder power and axis, prism power I and axis light and color in addition to sphere.
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Those having ordinary skill in the relevant arts will now 26 apprehend various modifications and/or additions to the 27 invention herein disclosed. By way of example, other lens 28 configurations and control scheme, as well as other optically 29 active materials will as a result of the teaching herein now come to mind. however, such modifications and additions are 31 contemplated as being within the scope of the invention which 32 is limited only by the claims appended hereto.
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Claims

I claim:

1. A variable lens comprising:
a variable power optical device including an optically active lens responsive to an energy stimulus for changing the power of the lens;
control means for controlling the energy stimulus;
a source of energy for generating the energy stimulus for driving the control means and the lens;
a substrate for housing the lens, control means and energy source, each integrally deposited on the substrate.

2. The lens as set forth in claim 1 wherein the energy stimulus is an electrical field and further including a plurality of transparent grid electrodes deposited on the substrate and responsively coupled to the control means, said electrodes forming a matrix of addressable locations for producing a gradient electric field of electric potential across said lens, whereby a gradient in the refractive power of said lens is produced.

3. The lens of claim 2 wherein said electrodes are formed of opposed spaced grid electrodes, intersecting in projection, for producing the addressable locations.

4. The lens of claim 2 wherein said substrate comprises at least two opposed plates of glass microsheet having at least one of said spaced electrodes deposited on each of opposed adjacent faces of the plates, and said control means and power source being deposited on at least one of said plates.

5. The lens of claim 2 wherein said control means comprises a microprocessor and further including a set of gates deposited on said substrate, said gates coupled to said microprocessor, power source and electrodes for gating power from said power source to said electrodes in accordance with selected output of said microprocessor.

6. The lens of claim 2 wherein said electrodes are spaced up to about 100 microns apart.

7. The lens of claim 2 wherein the electrode is a transparent conductive material selected from the group consisting of indium oxide and tin oxide.

8. The lens of claim 1 wherein said lens system is hermetically sealed within an encapsulating material.

9. The lens of claim 8 wherein said encapsulating material is bio-compatible inert material.

10. The lens of claim 1 wherein the lens further includes one of a light diode and color correcting cell.

11. The lens of claim 1 wherein said lens includes at least one of a nematic and cholesteric liquid crystal material therein.

12. The lens of claim 1 wherein the optically active material is a thin film layer of said material of about 5 to 100 microns thick.

13. The lens of claim 1 wherein the energy supply is capable of generating the energy required to drive the system for a period of years.

14. The lens of claim 1 being sized for insertion into the eye of a human.

15. The lens of claim 1 wherein said lens is capable of varying its power from about +20 diopters to about -20 diopters and the control means requires as little as about 1 to about 100 nanoAmps of current.

16. The variable lens recited in claim 1 wherein said energy stimulus is at least one of the following: electric field, magnetic field, electromagnetic field, light field, sonic field, radiation field.

17. A lens system comprising: a plurality of closely spaced electrodes having addressable pairs of discrete locations, means for addressably impressing on each said electrode pair electric energy of a selected amount thereby producing different electrical fields at different electrode pair locations, optically active material located in intimate relation with the electrodes and being responsive to the electric fields for producing a corres-ponding index of refraction in the active material at each respective location, and optically active material being configured in a relatively thin film of up to about 100 microns in thickness between said electrodes to thereby minimize the power necessary to drive the active material to the various indices of refraction, the different indices of refraction creating a gradient index of refraction across said system, the electrodes being in the form of a matrix of addressable dots.

18. A lens system comprising: a plurality of closely spaced electrodes having addressable pairs at discrete locations, means for addressably impressing on each said electrode pair electric energy of a selected amount thereby producing different electrical fields at different electrode pair locations, optically active material located in intimate relation with the electrodes and being responsive to the electric fields for producing a corres-ponding index of refraction in the active material at each respective location, said optically active material being configured in a relatively thin film of up to about 100 microns in thickness between said electrodes to thereby minimize the power necessary to drive the active material to the various indices of refraction, the different indices of refraction creating a gradient index of refraction across said system, a substrate material for supporting the electrodes, said substrate material having at least one of a curved surface, prismatic surface, and fresnel surface.

19. The lens of claim 18 wherein said substrate material is a gel.

20. The lens of claim 18 wherein said substrate material is selected from the group of materials consisting of glass, glass-ceramic silicone, silicon resin, acrylic nylon, plastic, styrene, methyl methacrylates, cellulose acetates and gas permeable substances.

21. The lens of claim 18 wherein said electrodes are in the form of at least one of concentric lines and a linear array.

22. The lens of claim 18 wherein said substrate material includes an alignment layer.

23. The lens of claim 18 wherein the means of address-ably impressing the electric fields comprises a micro-processor having means for storing, accessing and display-ing information in the form of visual indicia in said lens and memory means for controlling said microprocessor.

24. The lens of claim 23 wherein control means includes means for establishing wireless communication between said matrix and said microprocessor.

25. The lens of claim 23 wherein the control means is remote from the microprocessor and the lens system includes an antenna and receiver responsively coupled to the memory means.

26. The lens of claim 18 wherein said optically active material is varied for producing at least one of sphere, cylinder, prism and axis variations therein.

27. A light transmission device comprising: a carrier mixed with an electrically and optically active material, said device at least momentarily operatively coupled to a matrix of programmable electrodes, said electrodes being programmed to produce a gradient electric field across said matrix.

28. The device of claim 27 wherein the carrier is a curable liquid polymer.

29. The device of claim 27 wherein the carrier is a hydrophilic contact lens blank.

30. A variable lens comprising: a fresnel surface having a selected optical power; an energy stimulus responsive optically active material deposited in optical relation with the fresnel surface for varying said optical power in response to an energy stimulus input; and control means for generating said energy stimulus input; wherein said fresnel surface comprises a plurality of optical elements formed of separately addressable electrodes, each of said electrodes coupled to the control means.

31. The lens of claim 30 wherein said optically active material is a relatively thin film of liquid crystal of up to about 100 microns thick.

32. The lens of claim 30 wherein said energy stimulus is at least one of the following: electric field, magnetic field, electromagnetic field, light field, sonic field, radiation field.

33. A variable power fresnel lens comprising:
a plurality of optically active lens elements arranged in a fresnel lens pattern and responsive to a source of energy stimulus for changing the index of refraction over the lens surface, a source of energy stimulus and means for applying said energy stimulus to said lens elements in a controlled manner for selecting the optical power of said lens.

34. The lens recited in claim 33 wherein said energy stimulus is at least one of the following: electric field, magnetic field, electromagnetic field, light field, sonic field, radiation field.