CA1216659A - Apparatus for generating a set of color mixture signals associated with a set of coordinate axes from a pair of quadrature related color mixture signals associated with a different set of coordinate axes - Google Patents
Apparatus for generating a set of color mixture signals associated with a set of coordinate axes from a pair of quadrature related color mixture signals associated with a different set of coordinate axesInfo
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- CA1216659A CA1216659A CA000455503A CA455503A CA1216659A CA 1216659 A CA1216659 A CA 1216659A CA 000455503 A CA000455503 A CA 000455503A CA 455503 A CA455503 A CA 455503A CA 1216659 A CA1216659 A CA 1216659A
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- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
- H04N9/67—Circuits for processing colour signals for matrixing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
- H04N9/643—Hue control means, e.g. flesh tone control
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure Apparatus is provided for generating a set of color mixture signals associated with a set of coordinate axes from a pair of quadrature related color mixture signals associated with a different set of coordinate axes supplied from a source. Means are provided for determining the magnitude of the vector sum of the pair of quadrature related color mixture signals. Means are also provided from determining the angle between the vector sum and one axis of the set of coordinate axes associated with the quadrature related color mixture signals. A
source of angle values provides the angles between the one axis of the set of coordinate axes associated with the quadrature related color mixture signals and the coordinate axes associated with the color mixture signals to be generated. Means are then provided for forming the algebraic sums of the angle between the vector sum and the axis of the set of coordinate axes associated with the quadrature related color mixture signals and the angle values from the source. Means are provided for producing trigonometric ratios associated with the algebraic sums.
Finally, means are provided for producing the products of the magnitude of the vector sum times the trigonometric ratios. The products are the generated color mixture signals.
source of angle values provides the angles between the one axis of the set of coordinate axes associated with the quadrature related color mixture signals and the coordinate axes associated with the color mixture signals to be generated. Means are then provided for forming the algebraic sums of the angle between the vector sum and the axis of the set of coordinate axes associated with the quadrature related color mixture signals and the angle values from the source. Means are provided for producing trigonometric ratios associated with the algebraic sums.
Finally, means are provided for producing the products of the magnitude of the vector sum times the trigonometric ratios. The products are the generated color mixture signals.
Description
~2~iL66S9 -1- RCA 79, 459 APPARATUS FOR GEN~RATIN& A SET OF
COLOR MIXTURE SIGNALS ASSOCIATED WIl'H
A SET OF COORDINATE AXES FROM A PAIR
OF QUADRATURE RELAT~:D COLOR MIXTURE SIGNALS
ASSOCIATED WITH A DIFFER~:NT SET OF COORDINATE ~XES
This invention relates to color signal processing in a TV receiver and more particularly to combined circuitry for digitally performing auto-flesh, tint control, gain control and matrixing I and Q color mixture signals to (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) color mixture signals.
Currently TV receivers are being developed which will perform signal processing with digital or binary circuitry. Generally, digital counterparts of analog circuits which perform like functions require orders of magnitude more devices. However, the devices required to realize the digital circuits can be integrated on silicon dies (i.e. IC's) to a greater extent than their analog counterparts so that ultimately the number of discrete circuit elements comprising the signal processing circuitry in a TV receiver will be dramatically reduced.
In order to appreciate such a parts reduction using digital circuits it is necessary to perform the requisite processing functions with efficient use of circuitry. To this end circuit elements should desirably incorporate some commonality of functions if the number of digital integrated circuits is to remain low (e.g. less than 6).
The present invention is apparatus for generating a set of color mixture signals associated with a coordinate axes set from a pair of quadrature related color mixture signals associated with a different coordinate axes set. Received color mixture signals are demodulated to generate the magnitude, C, of their vector sum and the angle, ~, between the vector sum and a reference axis. The angles are augmented by angle values where i is an index to the coordinate axes,) for ~166~9
COLOR MIXTURE SIGNALS ASSOCIATED WIl'H
A SET OF COORDINATE AXES FROM A PAIR
OF QUADRATURE RELAT~:D COLOR MIXTURE SIGNALS
ASSOCIATED WITH A DIFFER~:NT SET OF COORDINATE ~XES
This invention relates to color signal processing in a TV receiver and more particularly to combined circuitry for digitally performing auto-flesh, tint control, gain control and matrixing I and Q color mixture signals to (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) color mixture signals.
Currently TV receivers are being developed which will perform signal processing with digital or binary circuitry. Generally, digital counterparts of analog circuits which perform like functions require orders of magnitude more devices. However, the devices required to realize the digital circuits can be integrated on silicon dies (i.e. IC's) to a greater extent than their analog counterparts so that ultimately the number of discrete circuit elements comprising the signal processing circuitry in a TV receiver will be dramatically reduced.
In order to appreciate such a parts reduction using digital circuits it is necessary to perform the requisite processing functions with efficient use of circuitry. To this end circuit elements should desirably incorporate some commonality of functions if the number of digital integrated circuits is to remain low (e.g. less than 6).
The present invention is apparatus for generating a set of color mixture signals associated with a coordinate axes set from a pair of quadrature related color mixture signals associated with a different coordinate axes set. Received color mixture signals are demodulated to generate the magnitude, C, of their vector sum and the angle, ~, between the vector sum and a reference axis. The angles are augmented by angle values where i is an index to the coordinate axes,) for ~166~9
-2- RCA 79,459 projecting the vector sum onto the respective axes for generating the color mixture signals. The augmented angles are sequentially applied to circuitry which produces values corresponding to a trigonometric function of the applied augmented angles. Finally, means responsive to the trigonometric function of the augmented angles, and the magnitude C, produces products of C times the trigonometric function. These products are the generated set of color mixture signals.
In the drawings:
FIGURE 1 is a vector diagram showing the relationship of the I, Q, (R-Y), (B-Y) and chrominance vectors for an NTSC composite video signal;
FIGURE 2 is a coordinate diagr&m of the (R-Y), (B-Y~ and (G-Y) color mixture signal axes;
FIGURE 3 is a block diagram of color signal processing apparatus embodying the present invention;
FIGURE 4 is a more detailed block diagram of the FIGURE 3 apparatus realized with digital signal processing elements; and FIGURF 5 is a graphic representation of the auto-flesh transfer function.
Many TV designers choose to process color signals using the I and Q color mixture signals rather than the (R-Y) and (B-Y) color mixture signals to extend the bandwidth of chrominance information. At some point it is necessary to convert the I and Q signals to the (R-Y) and ~B-Y) color mixture signals to facilitate matrixing to R,G,B color signals for driving the display tube.
FIGURE 1 shows the general relationship of the I
and Q quadrature color mixture signals to the NTSC (R-Y) and (B-Y) quadrature color mix~ure signals and to the instantaneous chrominance vector C. The I axis is 33 degrees from the (R-Y) axis and 57 degrees from the -(B-Y) axis. Knowing the magnitude of the chrominance vector C
(e.g C = ~ and the angle ~ that vector C is from the I axis (e.g. ~=tan (Qa/Ia)) the instantaneous value
In the drawings:
FIGURE 1 is a vector diagram showing the relationship of the I, Q, (R-Y), (B-Y) and chrominance vectors for an NTSC composite video signal;
FIGURE 2 is a coordinate diagr&m of the (R-Y), (B-Y~ and (G-Y) color mixture signal axes;
FIGURE 3 is a block diagram of color signal processing apparatus embodying the present invention;
FIGURE 4 is a more detailed block diagram of the FIGURE 3 apparatus realized with digital signal processing elements; and FIGURF 5 is a graphic representation of the auto-flesh transfer function.
Many TV designers choose to process color signals using the I and Q color mixture signals rather than the (R-Y) and (B-Y) color mixture signals to extend the bandwidth of chrominance information. At some point it is necessary to convert the I and Q signals to the (R-Y) and ~B-Y) color mixture signals to facilitate matrixing to R,G,B color signals for driving the display tube.
FIGURE 1 shows the general relationship of the I
and Q quadrature color mixture signals to the NTSC (R-Y) and (B-Y) quadrature color mix~ure signals and to the instantaneous chrominance vector C. The I axis is 33 degrees from the (R-Y) axis and 57 degrees from the -(B-Y) axis. Knowing the magnitude of the chrominance vector C
(e.g C = ~ and the angle ~ that vector C is from the I axis (e.g. ~=tan (Qa/Ia)) the instantaneous value
-3- RCA 79,459 of the (R-Y) and (B-Y~ signals can be determined. The instantaneous signals (R-Y)a and (B~Y)a are the projections of the chrominance vector on the ~R-Y) and (B-Y) axes which may be produced fxom the relationships ~R-Y)a=Ccos(33~
(B-Y)a=-Ccos(57+~) (2) Noting the relationship of the ~G-Y) axis to the (R-Y) axis in FIGURE 2 it will be recognized that the signal (G~Y)a is given the by relationship (G-Y)a=-Ccos(66 ~) (3) The composite video signal, E~, of an NTSC system may be mathmatically described by:
EM = Ey~(EQ sin (wt+33) + EI cos (wt+33)) (4) where Ey/ EQ and EI are the instantaneous voltages of the Y, Q and I signal components and the term in the outer parentheses represents the chrominance signal. If this same signal is represented in terms of (R Y3 and (B-Y) color mixture signals the composite signal is given by EM = Ey~(0.493 (EB Ey) sin wt + 0.887 (ER-Ey) cos wt) (5) where EB and ER are the instantaneous voltages of the Blue and Red color signals and the term enclosed in the outer parentheses is again the chrominance component of the composite signal.
In order to generate non-attenuating (R-Y) and (B-Y) color mixture signals from transmitted composite signal of the form described by equation (4) it is necessary to compensate for the factors 0.493 and 0.877 included in equation (5). This may be done by multiplying the magni-tude of the chrominance signal, C, by a vector projection coefficient gB, (e.g. 1/0.493) when the vector is effectively projected onto the (B-Y) axis and by a projection coefficient gR, (e.g. l/0.877) when it is projected onto the (R-Y) axis. Similarly, the magnitude, ~2~ g
(B-Y)a=-Ccos(57+~) (2) Noting the relationship of the ~G-Y) axis to the (R-Y) axis in FIGURE 2 it will be recognized that the signal (G~Y)a is given the by relationship (G-Y)a=-Ccos(66 ~) (3) The composite video signal, E~, of an NTSC system may be mathmatically described by:
EM = Ey~(EQ sin (wt+33) + EI cos (wt+33)) (4) where Ey/ EQ and EI are the instantaneous voltages of the Y, Q and I signal components and the term in the outer parentheses represents the chrominance signal. If this same signal is represented in terms of (R Y3 and (B-Y) color mixture signals the composite signal is given by EM = Ey~(0.493 (EB Ey) sin wt + 0.887 (ER-Ey) cos wt) (5) where EB and ER are the instantaneous voltages of the Blue and Red color signals and the term enclosed in the outer parentheses is again the chrominance component of the composite signal.
In order to generate non-attenuating (R-Y) and (B-Y) color mixture signals from transmitted composite signal of the form described by equation (4) it is necessary to compensate for the factors 0.493 and 0.877 included in equation (5). This may be done by multiplying the magni-tude of the chrominance signal, C, by a vector projection coefficient gB, (e.g. 1/0.493) when the vector is effectively projected onto the (B-Y) axis and by a projection coefficient gR, (e.g. l/0.877) when it is projected onto the (R-Y) axis. Similarly, the magnitude, ~2~ g
-4- RCA 79,459 C, is multiplied by a projection coefficient gG when che vector is projected onto the (G-Y) axis.
In typical commercially produced TV receivers, provision is made for adjusting the overall tint of the reproduced image (static tint control) and to automatically force colors generally considered to include flesh tones to appear as "true" flesh tones. Both of these functions require that the chrominance vector be rotated one way or the other from its actual position.
This rotation is performed by adding to or subtracting from the actual value of ~.
FIG~RE 3 is a simplified circuit diagram of processing circuitry for generating (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) signals from I and Q signals as well as providing static tint control, auto-flesh, dynamic chrominance signal gain (ACC) and saturation control. The FIGURE 3 apparatus is located in the color signal processing path of a TV
receiver at a point after which the chrominance signal has been separated from the composite video signal (for example by comb filtering) and after the chrominance subcarrier has been demodualted to recover the I and Q
quadrature related components. It will be assumed that the I and Q signals are in sampled data format occurring at the color subcarrier rate of FSc.
In the figure the demodulated I and Q signals are respectively applied to terminals 10 and 11 from which they are routed to a magnitude determining circuit 12 and an angle determining circuit 13. Magnitude determining circuit 12 produces signal samples at the FSc rate which corresponds to the instantaneous magnitude C of the vector sum of the instantaneous I and Q signals and which is thus equal to the magnitude of the chrominance vector. Angle determining circuit 13 generates signal samples at the FSc rate which represent the angle, ~, between the vector sum of signals I and Q and the I axis i.e., ~ equals the arctangent (Q/I). The signal representing the angle ~, hereinafter the signal ~, is applied to a summing circuit 15 wherein a constant angle value (TINT) is added to 12~59
In typical commercially produced TV receivers, provision is made for adjusting the overall tint of the reproduced image (static tint control) and to automatically force colors generally considered to include flesh tones to appear as "true" flesh tones. Both of these functions require that the chrominance vector be rotated one way or the other from its actual position.
This rotation is performed by adding to or subtracting from the actual value of ~.
FIG~RE 3 is a simplified circuit diagram of processing circuitry for generating (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) signals from I and Q signals as well as providing static tint control, auto-flesh, dynamic chrominance signal gain (ACC) and saturation control. The FIGURE 3 apparatus is located in the color signal processing path of a TV
receiver at a point after which the chrominance signal has been separated from the composite video signal (for example by comb filtering) and after the chrominance subcarrier has been demodualted to recover the I and Q
quadrature related components. It will be assumed that the I and Q signals are in sampled data format occurring at the color subcarrier rate of FSc.
In the figure the demodulated I and Q signals are respectively applied to terminals 10 and 11 from which they are routed to a magnitude determining circuit 12 and an angle determining circuit 13. Magnitude determining circuit 12 produces signal samples at the FSc rate which corresponds to the instantaneous magnitude C of the vector sum of the instantaneous I and Q signals and which is thus equal to the magnitude of the chrominance vector. Angle determining circuit 13 generates signal samples at the FSc rate which represent the angle, ~, between the vector sum of signals I and Q and the I axis i.e., ~ equals the arctangent (Q/I). The signal representing the angle ~, hereinafter the signal ~, is applied to a summing circuit 15 wherein a constant angle value (TINT) is added to 12~59
-5- RCA 79,459 effect a rotation of the chrominance vector to adjust overall scene tint. The amount by which signal ~ is augmented, i.e., incremented or decremented, is determined by the viewer applying incremental values to summing circuit 15 via connection 16 while he is viewing the reproduced image on the display tube. In effect the viewer rotates the chrominance vector until the displayed color satisfies his color preference. Once the proper incremental value is established it is thereafter continuously applied to the angle a, producing the augmented angle ~'. Note static tint control is performed, in principle, to realign the phasing of the system to its design parameters and has the effect of rotating the I and Q axis relative to the received chrominance signal.
The angle signal, ~', from element 16, is applied to an autoflesh element 30 wherein the angle is nonlinearly altered to produce fleshtone correction.
Autoflesh element 30 may be a ROM programmed to produce angles ~ responsive to the input angles ~'. The angles ~
are equal to the angle 8' when the chrominance signal does not represent the range of colors considered to be fleshtones. When the chrominance signal does represent colors in the fleshtone range element 30 produces angles which are a nonlinear function of input angles ~'. For example angle ~ may equal (~'-Ksin2~') in the fleshtone range. This function is illustrated in FIGURE 5.
The FIGURE 5 function will perform flesh correction for angles ~' which are ~90 degrees from the I
axis and no correction outside this range. Auto-flesh correction is accomplished by virtue of element 30 rotating the chrominance vector toward the I axis when angle ~' is in the range of angles associated with flesh colors. The nearer the chrominance vector is to the I
axis the less the required correction; and from FIGURE 5 it is seen that the correction tends toward zero i.e., when a ~ is near æero. The farther the chrominance vector is from the I axis while in the flesh color range, the 12~6~9
The angle signal, ~', from element 16, is applied to an autoflesh element 30 wherein the angle is nonlinearly altered to produce fleshtone correction.
Autoflesh element 30 may be a ROM programmed to produce angles ~ responsive to the input angles ~'. The angles ~
are equal to the angle 8' when the chrominance signal does not represent the range of colors considered to be fleshtones. When the chrominance signal does represent colors in the fleshtone range element 30 produces angles which are a nonlinear function of input angles ~'. For example angle ~ may equal (~'-Ksin2~') in the fleshtone range. This function is illustrated in FIGURE 5.
The FIGURE 5 function will perform flesh correction for angles ~' which are ~90 degrees from the I
axis and no correction outside this range. Auto-flesh correction is accomplished by virtue of element 30 rotating the chrominance vector toward the I axis when angle ~' is in the range of angles associated with flesh colors. The nearer the chrominance vector is to the I
axis the less the required correction; and from FIGURE 5 it is seen that the correction tends toward zero i.e., when a ~ is near æero. The farther the chrominance vector is from the I axis while in the flesh color range, the 12~6~9
-6- RCA 79,459 less the required correction to preclude the reproduced color appearing artificial. In FIGURE 5 the limits o~ the fleshtone range are presumed at ~ so degrees and it can be seen that the non-linear correction again tends toward zero near these limits.
The FIGURE 5 function in the fleshtone range i.e. ~ Ksin2~', provides a maximum correction of K
degrees of rotation at midrange. When the instantaneous chrominance vector is actually i45 degrees from the I
axis, the angle ~ produced by element 30 is (~'-K) deg~ees. The value K is predetermined by the designer and will generally fall in the range of 14-26 degrees. The function ~=~'-Ksin2~' produces pleasing fleshtone correction. However, it should be appreciated that other functions ~=f(~') may be substituted therefore according to the designers preferences.
Referring again to FIGURE 3, the fleshtone corrected signal ~ is applied to adder circuit 18 wherein it is further augmented by the angular values ~R~ ~B and ~G needed to project the chrominance vector onto the (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) axes. The values ~R~ ~B and ~G~
available from a storage element 19 are multiplexed at a three times FSc rate into adder 18 which produces three successive signal samples (a~R~~ B-~) and ~G-~) The signals from adder 18 are applied to a cosine table 22 which produces samples corresponding to the cosines of the applied signal. Cosine table 22 could, for example, be a ROM. The signals from adder 18 are applied as address codes to the ROM. The ROM produces samples corresponding to the cosines of the applied address codes. The cosine values are thereafter applied to one input port of a multiplier 23.
The magnitude signal C generated by element 12 is applied to one input port of a second multiplier circuit 20 wherein it is multiplied by gain factors GR, GB
and GG. Each of the gain factors Gi may be a composite factor composed of the vector projection coefficient gi, a dynamic chroma gain factor, ACC, and a chroma saturation 121t~5~
The FIGURE 5 function in the fleshtone range i.e. ~ Ksin2~', provides a maximum correction of K
degrees of rotation at midrange. When the instantaneous chrominance vector is actually i45 degrees from the I
axis, the angle ~ produced by element 30 is (~'-K) deg~ees. The value K is predetermined by the designer and will generally fall in the range of 14-26 degrees. The function ~=~'-Ksin2~' produces pleasing fleshtone correction. However, it should be appreciated that other functions ~=f(~') may be substituted therefore according to the designers preferences.
Referring again to FIGURE 3, the fleshtone corrected signal ~ is applied to adder circuit 18 wherein it is further augmented by the angular values ~R~ ~B and ~G needed to project the chrominance vector onto the (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) axes. The values ~R~ ~B and ~G~
available from a storage element 19 are multiplexed at a three times FSc rate into adder 18 which produces three successive signal samples (a~R~~ B-~) and ~G-~) The signals from adder 18 are applied to a cosine table 22 which produces samples corresponding to the cosines of the applied signal. Cosine table 22 could, for example, be a ROM. The signals from adder 18 are applied as address codes to the ROM. The ROM produces samples corresponding to the cosines of the applied address codes. The cosine values are thereafter applied to one input port of a multiplier 23.
The magnitude signal C generated by element 12 is applied to one input port of a second multiplier circuit 20 wherein it is multiplied by gain factors GR, GB
and GG. Each of the gain factors Gi may be a composite factor composed of the vector projection coefficient gi, a dynamic chroma gain factor, ACC, and a chroma saturation 121t~5~
7- RCA 79,459 factor, SAT, (i.e. Gi-gi Acc SAT). The factor Gi may be periodically updated at the line or field rate, by for example a microprocessor, and stored in a buffer 21. The factors are thereafter multiplexed to the multiplier 20 at the three times FSc rate to produce successive samples (CxGR), (CxGB~ and (CxGG) which coincide in time with the production of the cosine values corresponding to the angles (~ ) respectively. The samples CxGi are applied to a second input port of multiplier 23 which produces the samples (R-Y)a=GRC~s(~R-~) (6) (B-Y)~=GBCCos(~a B-~) (7) (G-Y)a=GGCCos(~G-~) (8) that are demultiplexed at the FSc rate onto output lines 25, 26 and 27 respectively.
The (R-Y), (B-Y), (G-Y) signals were formed by projecting the chrominance vector onto the respective axes using cosine values. The projections may be performed by using alternate trigonometric ratios such as the sines of the appropriate angles. Depending upon the trigonometric functions used, differing values ~R~ ~B and ~G may be required as well as the sense of the values included in the algebraic sums, and adder 18 and storage element 19 must be arranged accordingly. In general terms the algebraic sums would be represented (~ ) For example if the projections were produced using sine ratios, the angle ~R (from FIGURE 1) is 57 and the corresponding algebraic sum is (~R+~) It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art of TV signal processing, that the (R-Y), and (B-Y) signals may not lie on orthogonal axis in particular receivers. Thus angles ~i different from those derived from the standard NTSC color axis relations shown in FI&URE 1 will be employed.
FIGURE 4 is an illustrative example of how the circuits of FIGURE 3 may be realized using conventional circuit elements. In FIGURE 4, the signals being processed are assumed to be in digital format such as ~21~6~9
The (R-Y), (B-Y), (G-Y) signals were formed by projecting the chrominance vector onto the respective axes using cosine values. The projections may be performed by using alternate trigonometric ratios such as the sines of the appropriate angles. Depending upon the trigonometric functions used, differing values ~R~ ~B and ~G may be required as well as the sense of the values included in the algebraic sums, and adder 18 and storage element 19 must be arranged accordingly. In general terms the algebraic sums would be represented (~ ) For example if the projections were produced using sine ratios, the angle ~R (from FIGURE 1) is 57 and the corresponding algebraic sum is (~R+~) It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art of TV signal processing, that the (R-Y), and (B-Y) signals may not lie on orthogonal axis in particular receivers. Thus angles ~i different from those derived from the standard NTSC color axis relations shown in FI&URE 1 will be employed.
FIGURE 4 is an illustrative example of how the circuits of FIGURE 3 may be realized using conventional circuit elements. In FIGURE 4, the signals being processed are assumed to be in digital format such as ~21~6~9
-8- RCA 79,459 pulse code modulated, PCM, binary format (either two's complement~d signals or binary signals plus a sign bit).
Depending on the signal sample rate and the processing speed of the devices, compensating delays may be required in certain of the signal paths, but one skilled in the art of circuit desi~n would know where such delays would be necessary in his particular system.
In FIGURE ~ the Ia and Qa PCM signals are applied to respective terminals 10 and ll. These signals are respectively applied to absolute value circuits 50 and 51 which pass the magnitudes of the Ia and Qa signals.
The magnitudes of Ia and Qa are applied as address codes to ROM's 53 and 54 which are programmed to produce the logarithms of the address codes applied to their respective address input ports. The signal corresponding to the log IIal is subtracted from the signal corresponding to the log IQal in subtractor 55 which produces output signal codes corresponding to log (IQal/~Ial). These signal codes are applied along with the sign bits of signals Ia and Qa as input address codes to ROM 57 (the Ia and Qa sign bits being the most significant bit of the composite address code). ROM 57 is programmed to produce output codes corresponding to the arctangent (Qa/Ia), i.e., angles ~. Since the codes produced by subtractor 55 were generated from the magnitudes IIal and IQal, they only represent the range of angles from zero to 90 degrees. The Ia and Qa sign bits added to the address codes, to ROM 57, provide the information needed to expand the angle information from zero to 360 degrees or from zero to +180 degrees.
Assume that the N least significant bits of the ROM 57 address input are coupled to subtractor circuit 55, the N+1st bit is coupled to the Ia sign bit and the N+2nd bit is coupled to the Qa sign bit. Assume also that the sign bits are 0's for positive Ia or Qa values and l's for negative Ia or Qa values. ROM 57 is programmed to output the arctangent of the antilog of the N least significant bits of the applied address code for the N+1st and N+2nd ~2~6~S9
Depending on the signal sample rate and the processing speed of the devices, compensating delays may be required in certain of the signal paths, but one skilled in the art of circuit desi~n would know where such delays would be necessary in his particular system.
In FIGURE ~ the Ia and Qa PCM signals are applied to respective terminals 10 and ll. These signals are respectively applied to absolute value circuits 50 and 51 which pass the magnitudes of the Ia and Qa signals.
The magnitudes of Ia and Qa are applied as address codes to ROM's 53 and 54 which are programmed to produce the logarithms of the address codes applied to their respective address input ports. The signal corresponding to the log IIal is subtracted from the signal corresponding to the log IQal in subtractor 55 which produces output signal codes corresponding to log (IQal/~Ial). These signal codes are applied along with the sign bits of signals Ia and Qa as input address codes to ROM 57 (the Ia and Qa sign bits being the most significant bit of the composite address code). ROM 57 is programmed to produce output codes corresponding to the arctangent (Qa/Ia), i.e., angles ~. Since the codes produced by subtractor 55 were generated from the magnitudes IIal and IQal, they only represent the range of angles from zero to 90 degrees. The Ia and Qa sign bits added to the address codes, to ROM 57, provide the information needed to expand the angle information from zero to 360 degrees or from zero to +180 degrees.
Assume that the N least significant bits of the ROM 57 address input are coupled to subtractor circuit 55, the N+1st bit is coupled to the Ia sign bit and the N+2nd bit is coupled to the Qa sign bit. Assume also that the sign bits are 0's for positive Ia or Qa values and l's for negative Ia or Qa values. ROM 57 is programmed to output the arctangent of the antilog of the N least significant bits of the applied address code for the N+1st and N+2nd ~2~6~S9
-9- RCA 79,459 address bits both equal to "0". For the N+l~t and N~2nd address bits being respectively 01, 11 and 10, corresponding to the three quadrants occurring clockwi~e starting from the lower righthand quadrant, ROM 57 is programmed to output signals corresponding to 180 ~inus;
180 plus; and 360 minus the arctangent of the antilog of the N least significant bits of the address code. In this manner ROM 57 produces angles over the range of 0-360 degrees.
The angle codes produced by ROM 57 are applied to adder 58 wherein static tint control is performed.
Static tint control signals may be generated by the output of a ring counter 72, for example, which is selectively connected to oscillator 74 by a viewer controlled switch 73. Output values from counter 72 are applied to a second input port of adder circuit 58. The output codes from ring counter 72 are arranged to cycle through a series of consecutive increasing positive values and a series of consecutive negative values to respectively add to or subtract from the values of ~ and thereby to rotate the chrominance vector in either direction.
PCN codes corresponding to angle ~' from adder 58 are applied to autoflesh circuit 71 which produces flesh corrected PCM codes corresponding to angles ~ as described with reference to FIGURES 3 and 5. (Note in some applications the auto-flesh function may be programmed directly into the arctangent table incorporated in ROM 57.) FIGURE 4b illustrates a more detailed auto-flesh circuit 71' which has provisions for inactivation and which requries less memory than a full range of 0 to 360 angles. In element 71' the ROM 90 contains only enough memory angles, ~, for the number of input angles which occur in the fleshtone range. For all other angles for which ~-~ the input angles ~ are routed around the ROM 90 and applied to an input port of multiplexer 91. The output of ROM 90 is applied to a se~ond input port of multiplexer 91. Multiplexer 91, responsive to a logic ~2~659
180 plus; and 360 minus the arctangent of the antilog of the N least significant bits of the address code. In this manner ROM 57 produces angles over the range of 0-360 degrees.
The angle codes produced by ROM 57 are applied to adder 58 wherein static tint control is performed.
Static tint control signals may be generated by the output of a ring counter 72, for example, which is selectively connected to oscillator 74 by a viewer controlled switch 73. Output values from counter 72 are applied to a second input port of adder circuit 58. The output codes from ring counter 72 are arranged to cycle through a series of consecutive increasing positive values and a series of consecutive negative values to respectively add to or subtract from the values of ~ and thereby to rotate the chrominance vector in either direction.
PCN codes corresponding to angle ~' from adder 58 are applied to autoflesh circuit 71 which produces flesh corrected PCM codes corresponding to angles ~ as described with reference to FIGURES 3 and 5. (Note in some applications the auto-flesh function may be programmed directly into the arctangent table incorporated in ROM 57.) FIGURE 4b illustrates a more detailed auto-flesh circuit 71' which has provisions for inactivation and which requries less memory than a full range of 0 to 360 angles. In element 71' the ROM 90 contains only enough memory angles, ~, for the number of input angles which occur in the fleshtone range. For all other angles for which ~-~ the input angles ~ are routed around the ROM 90 and applied to an input port of multiplexer 91. The output of ROM 90 is applied to a se~ond input port of multiplexer 91. Multiplexer 91, responsive to a logic ~2~659
-10- RCA 79,459 high signal from OR gate 93 routes the angles ~ around ROM
90 and directly to its output port, and applies angles from ROM 90 when the OR gate output is low.
OR gate 93 produces a high output level responsive to the on/off switch 94 being in the OFF
position or when the decoder 92 output connection is high.
Decoder 92 is arranged to receive the angle fl codewords and to output a high level for angles ~ outside the fleshtone range. Signals from ROM 90 are applied to the circuit output only when the angles ~ are in the fleshtone range and therefor ROM 90 need only contain angles ~ for angles ~ in this range.
Referring again to FIGURE 4a, PCM codes ~ from element 71 are applied to subtractor 75 to which signal codes corresponding to the (R-Y), ~B-Y) and (G-Y) matrixing angles ~aR, ~B and ~G are applied. The ~ codes are applied to subtractor circuit 75 at an FSc sample rate. The three matrixing angle codes from storage element 77 (e.g., a ROM) are each multiplexed into the subtractor circuit 75 for each ~ codeword, sequentially generating the three difference angles (~R-~ B-~) and ~G-~)- This may be performed by clocking the ROM, at a 3FSc rate, resulting in the difference angles occurring at a 3FSc rate. The difference angles (~ ) are applied to element 78 which may be a ROM programmed to generate the logarithms of the cosines of the angles applied as address codes thereto, which logarithms are applied to adder circuit 79. The log cosines (~ ) are summed therein with the log (GiC), the chrominance magnitude modified by the gain coefficients, to prcduce signal code words corresponding to log (GiCcos~ )). These signal codewords are applied to antilog circuit 83 which generates the sequence of signals (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) that are demultiplexed into latches 80, 81 and 82.
The magnitude, C, of the vector sum of I and Q
in the FIGURE 4 embodiment is generated according to the equation ~2~
90 and directly to its output port, and applies angles from ROM 90 when the OR gate output is low.
OR gate 93 produces a high output level responsive to the on/off switch 94 being in the OFF
position or when the decoder 92 output connection is high.
Decoder 92 is arranged to receive the angle fl codewords and to output a high level for angles ~ outside the fleshtone range. Signals from ROM 90 are applied to the circuit output only when the angles ~ are in the fleshtone range and therefor ROM 90 need only contain angles ~ for angles ~ in this range.
Referring again to FIGURE 4a, PCM codes ~ from element 71 are applied to subtractor 75 to which signal codes corresponding to the (R-Y), ~B-Y) and (G-Y) matrixing angles ~aR, ~B and ~G are applied. The ~ codes are applied to subtractor circuit 75 at an FSc sample rate. The three matrixing angle codes from storage element 77 (e.g., a ROM) are each multiplexed into the subtractor circuit 75 for each ~ codeword, sequentially generating the three difference angles (~R-~ B-~) and ~G-~)- This may be performed by clocking the ROM, at a 3FSc rate, resulting in the difference angles occurring at a 3FSc rate. The difference angles (~ ) are applied to element 78 which may be a ROM programmed to generate the logarithms of the cosines of the angles applied as address codes thereto, which logarithms are applied to adder circuit 79. The log cosines (~ ) are summed therein with the log (GiC), the chrominance magnitude modified by the gain coefficients, to prcduce signal code words corresponding to log (GiCcos~ )). These signal codewords are applied to antilog circuit 83 which generates the sequence of signals (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) that are demultiplexed into latches 80, 81 and 82.
The magnitude, C, of the vector sum of I and Q
in the FIGURE 4 embodiment is generated according to the equation ~2~
-11- RCA 79,459 C=~ lcos~l (9) To this end the angles ~ from element 57 are applied as address codes to a ROM 59 which is programmed to produce the log Icosl of the angle ~ signal codes applied to its address input. The log Icos~l codewords from ROM 59 are applied to one input port of a subtractor circuit 60 wherein they are subtracted from the log III codewords from ROM 53 to produce a signal corresponding to log( I I l/lcos~ I ). This signal is applied to adder 70 and the ACC circuit including reference 61, comparator 62 and integrator 630 The ACC circuit generates a control signal which is proportional to the average difference between the magnitude of the chrominance signal and a predetermined value. The control signal is applied to an input port of the microprocessor 66 along with horizontal and vertical synchronizing signals and a chrominance saturation control signal. A ROM 67 supplies the coefficients gr' gb and gg to the microprocessor 66 which periodically calculates the products Gi=ACC-SAT-gi equal to the products of the ACC control signal, the saturation control signal and the respective projection coefficient.
The coefficients Gi may also include a term to compensate for the different color phosphor efficiencies of the particular image display tube employed in the receiver. The microprocessor generates the logarithms of the composite gain factors Gi and outputs them to a buffer 68. From buffer 68 the log (Gi) gain factors are multiplexed at a 3FSc rate into adder 70 where they are added to the log(lI I / I cos~ I ) signal to produce signal samples corresponding to log (GiC). These samples or codewords are applied to adder 79 where they are combined with the log (cos(~ )) signals.
The coefficients Gi may also include a term to compensate for the different color phosphor efficiencies of the particular image display tube employed in the receiver. The microprocessor generates the logarithms of the composite gain factors Gi and outputs them to a buffer 68. From buffer 68 the log (Gi) gain factors are multiplexed at a 3FSc rate into adder 70 where they are added to the log(lI I / I cos~ I ) signal to produce signal samples corresponding to log (GiC). These samples or codewords are applied to adder 79 where they are combined with the log (cos(~ )) signals.
Claims (14)
1. In a TV signal processing system including a source of a first pair of quadrature related color mixture signals associated with a first set of coordinate axes, apparatus for generating a second set of color mixture signals associated with a second set of coordinate axes, comprising:
means responsive to said first pair of color mixture signals for determining the magnitude of the vector sum, C, thereof;
means responsive to said first pair of color mixture signals for determining the angle, .theta., between said vector sum and one axis of said first pair of axes;
a source of angle values .DELTA..theta.i' i being an index, said angle values being respectively equal to the angular separation between said one of said first pair of axis and each of said second set of coordinate axes;
means responsive to said angle values for forming signal values equal to algebraic sums of said angle value .DELTA..theta.i and angle .theta. for each value of .theta. and .DELTA..theta.i;
means for producing signal values corresponding to trigonometric ratios (TRi) associated with said algebraic sums of said angles; and means responsive to said trigonometric ratio values TRi and the magnitude, C, for producing products of C times TRi, wherein said products are said second set of color mixture signals.
means responsive to said first pair of color mixture signals for determining the magnitude of the vector sum, C, thereof;
means responsive to said first pair of color mixture signals for determining the angle, .theta., between said vector sum and one axis of said first pair of axes;
a source of angle values .DELTA..theta.i' i being an index, said angle values being respectively equal to the angular separation between said one of said first pair of axis and each of said second set of coordinate axes;
means responsive to said angle values for forming signal values equal to algebraic sums of said angle value .DELTA..theta.i and angle .theta. for each value of .theta. and .DELTA..theta.i;
means for producing signal values corresponding to trigonometric ratios (TRi) associated with said algebraic sums of said angles; and means responsive to said trigonometric ratio values TRi and the magnitude, C, for producing products of C times TRi, wherein said products are said second set of color mixture signals.
2. The apparatus set forth in Claim 1 wherein the means for producing the products C times TRi sequentially produces the products for all indexed values (i) and further includes means to demultiplex said products to separate output connections wherein each of said separate output connections outputs products associated with only one of the respective indicies.
3. The apparatus set forth in Claim 1 wherein the means for producing the trigonometric ratios is a ROM
programmed to produce output values corresponding to the cosines of input signals applied thereto.
programmed to produce output values corresponding to the cosines of input signals applied thereto.
4. The apparatus set forth in Claim 2 further including means for altering the angles .theta. to automatically adjust said vector sum for flesh colors, comprising:
means connected between said means for determining the angle .theta. and said means for forming said algebraic sums and responsive to the values H for non-linearly adjusting the values of .theta. in the range of angles where said vector sum represents flesh color so that the adjusted angle, .theta.', corresponds to said vector sum tending more nearly to represent normal fleshtones.
means connected between said means for determining the angle .theta. and said means for forming said algebraic sums and responsive to the values H for non-linearly adjusting the values of .theta. in the range of angles where said vector sum represents flesh color so that the adjusted angle, .theta.', corresponds to said vector sum tending more nearly to represent normal fleshtones.
5. The apparatus set forth in Claim 4 wherein the means for altering the angles .theta. for adjusting fleshtones includes a ROM having an address input port connected to receive the values of angle .theta. as address codes and programmed to produce at an output port thereof adjusted angles a .theta.' for said vector sum representing colors in the range of fleshtones.
6. The apparatus set forth in Claim 5 wherein said ROM is programmed to produce adjusted angles .theta.' according to the function .theta.'=.theta.-Ksin(M.theta.) for angles .theta. in said range, and K and M are predetermined constants.
7. The apparatus set forth in Claim 1 further including:
a source of vector projection coefficients gi, where i equals said indicies associated with said angular values;
means connected between said magnitude determining means and said means for producing the products C times said trigonometric ratios, and responsive to said coefficients gi for altering the magnitude C by factors equal to said coefficient values.
a source of vector projection coefficients gi, where i equals said indicies associated with said angular values;
means connected between said magnitude determining means and said means for producing the products C times said trigonometric ratios, and responsive to said coefficients gi for altering the magnitude C by factors equal to said coefficient values.
8. The apparatus set forth in Claim 7 further including:
a source of gain control signals;
means responsive to said gain control signals for multiplying said coeffients gi by said gain control signals to produce modified coefficients gi' for altering the magnitude C.
a source of gain control signals;
means responsive to said gain control signals for multiplying said coeffients gi by said gain control signals to produce modified coefficients gi' for altering the magnitude C.
9. The apparatus set forth in Claim 4 further including static tint control means for adjusting the overall tint of the reproduced image, comprising:
a source of static tint control signals;
means connected between the means for determining the angle .theta. and the means for adjusting flesh colors and responsive to said static tint control signals for incrementing and decrementing the values of angle .theta.
according to the values of said static tint control signals.
a source of static tint control signals;
means connected between the means for determining the angle .theta. and the means for adjusting flesh colors and responsive to said static tint control signals for incrementing and decrementing the values of angle .theta.
according to the values of said static tint control signals.
10. In a color TV receiver including a source of digital quadrature related color mixture signals I and Q, apparatus for generating a set of color mixture signals associated with a set of coordinate axes from said I and Q
signals, comprising:
means responsive to said I and Q signals for generating a signal corresponding to instantaneous values of the magnitude, C, of the vector sum thereof;
means responsive to said I and Q signals for generating a signal corresponding to angles .theta. between said vector sum and a coordinate axis associated with the I
signal;
means, including a ROM, responsive to the angle .theta. signal for adjusting angles .theta. occurring in a range of values wherein said vector sum represents color signals corresponding to a range of fleshtones, said ROM being programmed to produce at an output thereof adjusted angles for values of angle .theta. in said range applied as address codes to an address input port of said ROM;
a source of angle values .DELTA..theta.R, .DELTA..theta.B and .DELTA..theta.G;
means responsive to said angle values .DELTA..theta.R, .DELTA..theta.B
and .DELTA..theta.G and said means for adjusting angles .theta., for sequentially producing angle values (.DELTA..theta.R-.theta.), (.DELTA..theta.B-.theta.) and (.DELTA..theta.G-.theta.);
means responsive to said angle values (.DELTA..theta.R-.theta.), (.DELTA..theta.B-.theta.) and (.DELTA..theta.G-.theta.) for producing the cosine values thereof;
a source of coefficient values gR, gB and gG for relating a transmitted chrominance signal developed from I
and Q components to (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) color mixture signals;
means responsive to said coefficient values and said magnitude signal for sequentially generating signal values corresponding to the products gR times C, gB times C, and gG times C;
means responsive to the products generated by the lastmost described means and said cosine values for generating signal values corresponding to the products gRC
cos (.DELTA..theta.R-.theta.) gBc cos (.DELTA..theta.B-.theta.) and gGC cos (.DELTA..theta.G-.theta.), and wherein the products gRC cos (.DELTA..theta.R-.theta.) correspond to (R-Y) color mixture signal, the products gBC cos (.DELTA..theta.B-.theta.) correspond to (B-Y) color misture signal and the products gGC cos (.DELTA..theta.G-.theta.) correspond to a (G-Y) color mixture signal.
signals, comprising:
means responsive to said I and Q signals for generating a signal corresponding to instantaneous values of the magnitude, C, of the vector sum thereof;
means responsive to said I and Q signals for generating a signal corresponding to angles .theta. between said vector sum and a coordinate axis associated with the I
signal;
means, including a ROM, responsive to the angle .theta. signal for adjusting angles .theta. occurring in a range of values wherein said vector sum represents color signals corresponding to a range of fleshtones, said ROM being programmed to produce at an output thereof adjusted angles for values of angle .theta. in said range applied as address codes to an address input port of said ROM;
a source of angle values .DELTA..theta.R, .DELTA..theta.B and .DELTA..theta.G;
means responsive to said angle values .DELTA..theta.R, .DELTA..theta.B
and .DELTA..theta.G and said means for adjusting angles .theta., for sequentially producing angle values (.DELTA..theta.R-.theta.), (.DELTA..theta.B-.theta.) and (.DELTA..theta.G-.theta.);
means responsive to said angle values (.DELTA..theta.R-.theta.), (.DELTA..theta.B-.theta.) and (.DELTA..theta.G-.theta.) for producing the cosine values thereof;
a source of coefficient values gR, gB and gG for relating a transmitted chrominance signal developed from I
and Q components to (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) color mixture signals;
means responsive to said coefficient values and said magnitude signal for sequentially generating signal values corresponding to the products gR times C, gB times C, and gG times C;
means responsive to the products generated by the lastmost described means and said cosine values for generating signal values corresponding to the products gRC
cos (.DELTA..theta.R-.theta.) gBc cos (.DELTA..theta.B-.theta.) and gGC cos (.DELTA..theta.G-.theta.), and wherein the products gRC cos (.DELTA..theta.R-.theta.) correspond to (R-Y) color mixture signal, the products gBC cos (.DELTA..theta.B-.theta.) correspond to (B-Y) color misture signal and the products gGC cos (.DELTA..theta.G-.theta.) correspond to a (G-Y) color mixture signal.
11. The apparatus set forth in Claim 10 further comprising:
a source of gain control signals;
means for multiplying each of said coefficients by said gain control signals to produce modified coefficients gR', gB' and gc', which modified coefficients are applied to the means for sequentially generating the products gR times C, gB times C and gG times C.
a source of gain control signals;
means for multiplying each of said coefficients by said gain control signals to produce modified coefficients gR', gB' and gc', which modified coefficients are applied to the means for sequentially generating the products gR times C, gB times C and gG times C.
12. In a color TV signal processing system including a source of quadrature related color mixture signals I and Q associated with coordinate axes I and Q, apparatus for generating (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) color mixture signals associated with coordinate axes (R-Y) (B-Y) and (G-Y) respectively displaced from a reference axis by angles .DELTA..theta.R, .DELTA..theta.B, and .DELTA..theta.G, said apparatus comprising:
means for determining the magnitude, C, of the vector sum of the I and Q signals;
means for determining the angle .theta. between said vector sum and said reference axis;
means for generating respective algebraic sums of the angles .theta. and said angle values .DELTA..theta.R, .DELTA..theta.B and .DELTA..theta.G;
means for generating respective trigonometric ratios (for example cosines) associated with said algebraic sums, for projecting said vector sums onto said (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) axes;
means for multiplying the magnitude, C, by respective projection coefficients gR' gB and gG; and means for multiplying said respective trigonometric ratios associated with the angle indicies R, B, and G by the respective products of said coefficients times magnitude C associated with coefficient indicies R, B and G, wherein the results of said multiplication are respective (R-Y), (B-Y), and (G-Y) color mixture signals.
means for determining the magnitude, C, of the vector sum of the I and Q signals;
means for determining the angle .theta. between said vector sum and said reference axis;
means for generating respective algebraic sums of the angles .theta. and said angle values .DELTA..theta.R, .DELTA..theta.B and .DELTA..theta.G;
means for generating respective trigonometric ratios (for example cosines) associated with said algebraic sums, for projecting said vector sums onto said (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) axes;
means for multiplying the magnitude, C, by respective projection coefficients gR' gB and gG; and means for multiplying said respective trigonometric ratios associated with the angle indicies R, B, and G by the respective products of said coefficients times magnitude C associated with coefficient indicies R, B and G, wherein the results of said multiplication are respective (R-Y), (B-Y), and (G-Y) color mixture signals.
13. The apparatus set forth in Claim 12 further comprising:
means for multiplying said coefficients by a chrominance gain control signal prior to multiplying magnitude C by said coefficients.
means for multiplying said coefficients by a chrominance gain control signal prior to multiplying magnitude C by said coefficients.
14. The apparatus set forth in Claim 12 further comprising:
means for applying the angles .theta. to a ROM
programmed to output angle values adjusted for fleshtone correction before summing with the angle values .DELTA..theta.R, .DELTA..theta.Band .DELTA..theta.G.
means for applying the angles .theta. to a ROM
programmed to output angle values adjusted for fleshtone correction before summing with the angle values .DELTA..theta.R, .DELTA..theta.Band .DELTA..theta.G.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/501,908 US4523221A (en) | 1983-06-07 | 1983-06-07 | TV Receiver circuitry for performing chroma gain, auto-flesh control and the matrixing of I and Q signals to (R-Y), (B-Y) and (G-Y) signals |
| US501,908 | 1983-06-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1216659A true CA1216659A (en) | 1987-01-13 |
Family
ID=23995518
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000455503A Expired CA1216659A (en) | 1983-06-07 | 1984-05-30 | Apparatus for generating a set of color mixture signals associated with a set of coordinate axes from a pair of quadrature related color mixture signals associated with a different set of coordinate axes |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4523221A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS607285A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR920004106B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1216659A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3421231C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2547476B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2141308B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK101691A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1176277B (en) |
| MY (1) | MY100459A (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4558348A (en) * | 1983-12-30 | 1985-12-10 | Rca Corporation | Digital video signal processing system using asynchronous a-to-d encoding |
| JPS60203092A (en) * | 1984-02-25 | 1985-10-14 | ドイチエ・アイテイーテイー・インダストリーズ・ゲゼルシヤフト・ミト・ベシユレンクタ・ハフツンク | Skin color control integrated circuit in ntsc television receiver |
| JPS60260282A (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1985-12-23 | Toshiba Corp | Chrominance signal processing circuit |
| US4692889A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1987-09-08 | Rca Corporation | Circuitry for calculating magnitude of vector sum from its orthogonal components in digital television receiver |
| US4710892A (en) * | 1984-10-29 | 1987-12-01 | Rca Corporation | Phase calculation circuitry in digital television receiver |
| US4682213A (en) | 1985-10-24 | 1987-07-21 | Rca Corporation | Magnitude independent hanging dot detector |
| DE3884597D1 (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1993-11-04 | Itt Ind Gmbh Deutsche | DIGITAL COLOR SIGNAL PROCESSING CIRCUIT. |
| JPH07101940B2 (en) * | 1989-11-16 | 1995-11-01 | 株式会社東芝 | Color signal processing circuit |
| DE4106306A1 (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-03 | Broadcast Television Syst | METHOD FOR COLOR CORRECTION OF A VIDEO SIGNAL |
| BE1007006A3 (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1995-02-14 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | TONE DETECTION CIRCUIT. |
| TW242732B (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1995-03-11 | Victor Company Of Japan | Digital chrominance signal processing circuit |
| US5896121A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1999-04-20 | Tektronix, Inc. | Data-dependent color display for vectorscopes |
| US6518897B1 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2003-02-11 | Trw Inc. | Angle quantization using log division |
| US7327404B2 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2008-02-05 | Mediatek Incorporation | Methods and systems for color image processing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1388129A (en) * | 1963-01-11 | 1965-02-05 | Philips Nv | Circuit for a receiver suitable for receiving a fully or partially single sideband signal |
| US3536827A (en) * | 1967-11-15 | 1970-10-27 | Bell & Howell Co | Color hue error correction apparatus |
| US3591707A (en) * | 1969-01-08 | 1971-07-06 | Gen Electric | Color television demodulator |
| US3649748A (en) * | 1969-05-12 | 1972-03-14 | Magnavox Co | Method and apparatus for modifying electrical signals |
| US4001879A (en) * | 1969-09-20 | 1977-01-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Automatic hue-control apparatus for color television receivers |
| US3617621A (en) * | 1970-03-17 | 1971-11-02 | Rca Corp | Color compensating circuits |
| US3663744A (en) * | 1970-07-22 | 1972-05-16 | Rca Corp | Selective tint correction circuits |
| US3852807A (en) * | 1972-04-27 | 1974-12-03 | Motorola Inc | Automatic hue control circuit |
| US3873760A (en) * | 1972-10-18 | 1975-03-25 | Gen Electric | Flesh tone correction using color difference signals |
| US3996608A (en) * | 1975-05-23 | 1976-12-07 | Rca Corporation | Hue correction apparatus having a restricted range |
| US4084178A (en) * | 1976-05-05 | 1978-04-11 | Admiral Corporation | Automatic hue control circuit |
| JPS5852391B2 (en) * | 1978-01-20 | 1983-11-22 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Color signal processing device for color television receivers |
| US4272778A (en) * | 1980-03-03 | 1981-06-09 | Rca Corporation | Color-difference signal processing circuits |
| FR2479629B1 (en) * | 1980-04-01 | 1985-11-08 | Thomson Csf | METHOD FOR DEMODULATING AN AMPLITUDE MODULATED SIGNAL, DEMODULATOR IMPLEMENTING THIS METHOD AND TELEVISION SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE |
| US4300154A (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1981-11-10 | Zenith Radio Corporation | Color demodulation and matrixing system |
| DE3304084C2 (en) * | 1983-02-08 | 1985-08-29 | Deutsche Itt Industries Gmbh, 7800 Freiburg | Integrated circuit for adjusting the skin tone of NTSC television receivers |
-
1983
- 1983-06-07 US US06/501,908 patent/US4523221A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1984
- 1984-05-30 CA CA000455503A patent/CA1216659A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-06-05 KR KR1019840003131A patent/KR920004106B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-06-06 IT IT21281/84A patent/IT1176277B/en active
- 1984-06-06 FR FR848408878A patent/FR2547476B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-06-06 JP JP59117442A patent/JPS607285A/en active Granted
- 1984-06-06 GB GB08414482A patent/GB2141308B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-06-07 DE DE3421231A patent/DE3421231C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1986
- 1986-12-29 MY MYPI86000250A patent/MY100459A/en unknown
-
1991
- 1991-12-12 HK HK1016/91A patent/HK101691A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8421281A0 (en) | 1984-06-06 |
| KR850000877A (en) | 1985-03-09 |
| DE3421231C2 (en) | 1993-10-14 |
| FR2547476A1 (en) | 1984-12-14 |
| GB2141308A (en) | 1984-12-12 |
| GB8414482D0 (en) | 1984-07-11 |
| US4523221A (en) | 1985-06-11 |
| JPS607285A (en) | 1985-01-16 |
| MY100459A (en) | 1990-10-15 |
| HK101691A (en) | 1991-12-20 |
| IT8421281A1 (en) | 1985-12-06 |
| FR2547476B1 (en) | 1989-10-13 |
| DE3421231A1 (en) | 1984-12-13 |
| IT1176277B (en) | 1987-08-18 |
| GB2141308B (en) | 1986-12-03 |
| JPH0450793B2 (en) | 1992-08-17 |
| KR920004106B1 (en) | 1992-05-25 |
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