CA1206633A - Optical time-division switching system employing optical bistable devices - Google Patents
Optical time-division switching system employing optical bistable devicesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1206633A CA1206633A CA000442179A CA442179A CA1206633A CA 1206633 A CA1206633 A CA 1206633A CA 000442179 A CA000442179 A CA 000442179A CA 442179 A CA442179 A CA 442179A CA 1206633 A CA1206633 A CA 1206633A
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- CA
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- Prior art keywords
- optical
- switching
- signals
- input
- output
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/002—Construction using optical delay lines or optical buffers or optical recirculation
Abstract
- 3? -"Optical Time-Division Switching System Employing Optical Bistable Devices"
ABSTRACT
In an optical time-division switching system, time-division multiplexed calling and called station signals are arranged in incoming time slots and applied through an incoming common optical medium to a first optical switching circuit that switches the signals to optical bistable devices in which the signals are stored as binary 1's or 0's. A second optical switching circuit is coupled to the bistable devices for reading the stored calling station signal in the time slot of the called station and reading the stored called station signal in the time slot of the calling station to rearrange the signals in outgoing time slots. The signals in the outgoing time slots are applied through an outgoing common optical medium to a time-division demultilexer which sequentially distributes the signals to the calling and called stations.
ABSTRACT
In an optical time-division switching system, time-division multiplexed calling and called station signals are arranged in incoming time slots and applied through an incoming common optical medium to a first optical switching circuit that switches the signals to optical bistable devices in which the signals are stored as binary 1's or 0's. A second optical switching circuit is coupled to the bistable devices for reading the stored calling station signal in the time slot of the called station and reading the stored called station signal in the time slot of the calling station to rearrange the signals in outgoing time slots. The signals in the outgoing time slots are applied through an outgoing common optical medium to a time-division demultilexer which sequentially distributes the signals to the calling and called stations.
Description
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TITLE OF THE INVENTION
"Optical Time-Division Switching System Employing Optical Bistable Devices"
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
5The present invention relates to an optical ~ime-division switching system.
Since the introduction of optical fibers various attempts have been made to develop optical systems having a high speed and large traffic handling capacity. In particular, optical time division digital transmission systems are the most attractive system for future applications. However, the current switching system handles electrical signals; conversion of electrical to optical energy or vice versa is necessary at every junction between optical transmission system~ and electrical switching systems. Another disadvantage resides in the fact that while optical transmission systems are capable of transmitting signals at speeds higher than 100 megabits per second, electrical time-division switching systems are not capable of switching at comparable speeds.
To overcome these disadvantages efforts have been made to develop optical switching systems. An optical switching system, shown and described in Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 53-117311, employs optical waveguides of different lengths as delay lines to which ~, optical signals of different time 510ts are selectively applied through an optical switch to effect the switching of the signals from one time slot to another. Since the maximum delay time is exclusively determined by the length of the waveguides, the prior art system has not sufficient flexibility to accornmodate a varying number of customer stations and facilities from one switching of-fice to another. Furthermore, waveguides of substantial length would be required to handle signals of a long frame length, result-ing in a large equipment size. Another disadvantage of this system is that a switching loss tends to occur at the connection between the optical switch and the delay lines.
SUMl~RY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has for its object the provision of a time-division optical switching system which gives flexibility to the design of frame length and allows compact equipment, and ensures a high level of optical output.
The present invention accomplishes this object by the use of optical bistable devices for storing signals of different time slots to allow them to be retrieved at times determined by dialed information.
The switching system of the invention includes control means for generating a switching instruction in response to a selection signal from a plurality of lines or trunks, means for time-division multiplexing signals from said lines or trunks and applying the multiplexed signals to a common incoming optical medium and means for demultiplexing time-division multiplexed ~6~i33 signals from a common outgoing optical medium and applying the de-multiplexed signals to said lines or trunks, said system comprising, a plurality of optical bistable devices, firs-~ optical switching means responsive to said switching instruction for selectively switching said mul-tiplexed signals from said common incoming optical medium to said optical bistable devices to individually store said signals therein, and second optical switching means responsi-~e to said switching instruction for selectively switching said signals stored in said bistable devices to said outgoing optical mediumO
The frame length can thus be determined by the number of such bistable devices and the period of each time slot in which writing and reading operation is effected.
Optical devices having a hysteresis characteristic can be employed for storing optical binary signals. A bistable laser diode is available for such purposes. An injection current is applied from an external source to the laser diode to keep it excited to hold an optical binary signal. An optical circuit having a feed-back loop is also available for storing an optical binary signal.
This type of circuit needs an external light source to keep it in a prede~termined binary state.
BRIEE DESCRIPTION OF T~IE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the aceompanying drawings, in whleh:
Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of an optical time-division switching system embodying the present invention;
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a first embodiment of the switching unit of Figure 1 employing laser diodes as bistable devices;
Figure 3a is a schematic i.llustration of -the laser diode of Figure 2, and Figures 3b to 3d show opexating charac-teristics of the laser diode;
Figures 4 and 5 are circuit diagrams of drivers employed in the embodimen~s of the present invention;
Figures 6 and 7 are timing diagrams useful for describing the operation of the Figure 2 embodimenti Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a second embodiment of the switehing unit of Figure 1 employing optical dir~ctional coupler circuit having a feedback loop as the bis-table deviGes;
Figure 9 is an illustration of the detail of the optical bistable device using a direetional eoupler of Figure 8i Figure 10 is an illustration of the operating eharae-teristic of the eireuit of Figure 9;
Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 8 showing a modified ve~sion of the embodiment shown in Figure 8;
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Figure 12 is a timing diagram associated with the embodiment of Figure lli and Figure 13 is an illustration of a second modification of the second embodiment.
_ETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings in which corresponding parts are indicated by the same reference numerals throughoutO
In the embodiment of Figure 1, an optical time-division switching system is schematirally illustrated as comprising a multiplexer 10 and a demultiplexer 11 which are synchronized with a clock supplied from a clock generator 12.
Fox purposes of illustration, four channels 21, 22, 23 and 24 are shown as incoming channels and four channels 31, 32, 33, 34 are shown as outgoing channels. The incoming channels 21-24 and outgoing channels 31-34 are carried via coaxial cable pairs 41-44 between stations A, B, C and D and line circuits 51-54, respectively. The line circuits 51-54 are of the well known type which serves as an interface between the coaxial cables 41-44 and a multiplexer 10 and a demultiplexer 11 as well as a unit for generating a signal indicating the presen¢e of a request for service from the customers.
Each station is shown as a video telephone set , .
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including a video camera CAM and a display unit DSP respectively connected to the incoming and outgoing channels of the associated line circuit~ The multiplexer 10 is of the type known in the time-division switching art which se~uentially couples individual customer sta~ions to a common outgoing channel 13, so that the signals from stations A to D are arranged in a recyclic sequence of #l to #4 incoming time slots.
Connected to the outgoing channel 13 is an electro-optical converter 14 which converts the time-division multiplexed electrical signal to a corresponding optical signal for delivery via a common optical waveguide 15 to an input terminal of a switching network 16 constructed according to the present invention. The switching network 16 has an output terminal which is coupled via a common optical waveyuide 17 to an opto-electrical converter 18 which converts the optical signal into a corresponding electrical signal for application to an incoming channel 19 of the demultiplexer 11. The demultiplexer 11 sequentially distributes the signals of the outgoing time slots #1 to #4 of the switching network 16 to the line circuits 51-54.
As will be described, the switching network 16 includes an array of optical bistable devices which are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the customer stations. In the _ 7 ~
optical bistable devices are sequentially stored the multi-plexed signals in response to write instructions from a pro-cessor 20. The stored signals are read in response to readout instructions from the processor. The processor 20 is of the type known in the -time-division switching art and may include a scanner for scanning the line circuits 51-54 to detect the presence of a request for service and interpLets dialed informa-tion to determine the time slots of the calling and called stations. From the time slot numbers of the calling and called sta~ions the processor 20 derives a first read instruction for enabling the switching network 16 to read the stored calling station signal in the time slot of the called station and a second read instruction for enabling it to read the stored called station slgnal in the time slot of the calling s-tation.
Details of the switching network 16 are illustrated in Figure 2. The time-division multiplexed optical signal supplied from the multiplexer 10 comprises an optical stream 25 of digital signals , _, c, d corresponding respectively to the stations A to D arranged in incoming time slots #1 to ~4.
For the purpose of illustration, it is assumed that each digital signal comprlses a binary 1 or 0. The switching network 16 comprises a write-in optical switch 60 which sequentially writes the optical digital signals _, _, c~ d into optical bistable ~Z~6~;33 deviees 81-84 respeetively in response to write-in voltage pulses from drivers DRl. The switching network 16 further ineludes a read-out op~ical switeh 100 whieh is identical in strueture to the write-in optical switch 60 and is res-ponsive to readout voltage pulses supplied from drivers DR3 to selectively read the stored digital signals a, b, c, _ out of the optical bistable deviees 81-84 in aecordance with dialed information.
The write-in optieal switeh 60 comprises a lithium niobate substrate 66 on whieh is diffused a pattern of titanium to form four optieal waveguides 61, 62, 63, 64 which are eoupled via optical waveguides 71, 72, 73, 74 to optieal bistable devices 81, 82, 83, 84, respectively.
The waveguide 63 is coupled at the input end to the eommon optical waveyuide 15 and is in close proximity to the waveguide 62 at a point 67 where directional eoupling, or switehing oecurs. The waveguide 62 is in close proximity to the waveguide 61 at a point 66 where switehing oeeurs.
The waveguide 63 is further in close proximity to the waveguide 64 at a point 68 where switching oceurs. The switching points 66-68 are provided with ~irst and second electrodes in pairs, the first electrodes being eoupled to drivers DRl-2 to DRl-4, 9 _ respectively, and -the second electrodes being grounded.
By sequential application of a write-in voltage pulse to the electrodes of the switching points 6~, 67, 68, the waveguide 15 is coupled se~uen~ially to the bistable devices 81-84 via waveguides 71-74. The siynal on the waveguide 15 is fur~her controlled by an additional switching point 69 which is formed by a portion of the waveguide 63 provided with an electrode which is coupled to the driver DRl-l and an adjacent waveguide 65 on which a grounded electrode is provided.
Each of the optical bistable devices 81-84 comprises a bistable laser as shown in Figure 3a. This laser comprises a current~injection type semiconductor body 85 formed of GALaAs/GaAs or InGaAsP/InP in a double hetero-junction structure having an el~ctrode 86 coupled to a current injection terminal 87. The electrode has such a nonuniform pattern that it creates a region in which no current is injected. Such a region acts as a saturable absorber in the laser so that with the optical input being zero the output of the laser exhibits marked hysteresis characteristic as shown in Figure 3b~
In Figure 3b, the optical output of the bistable laser is plotted as a function of the injected current. As shown the laser output increases sharply to a saturakion point C
when the injection current has increased from io to ~2~;?663~
- ~ and sharply drops when the current has decreased to ~
and thus finds stability at points A and B corresponding to levels P0 and Pl, respectively. Fig. 3c is a plot of the device's output as a function of the optical input with the injection current being maintained at ib When -the optical input is zero the output stabiulizes at point A and as it increases to Pa, the output sharply increases until a saturation point E is reached. As the input has decreased to zero the output shifts to the stability point B.
Therefore, the laser stabilizes at point A or B when the optical input is zero.
From Figs. 3b and 3c a truth table shown in Fig. 3d can be derived. The truth table shows that when the injection current is ib and the optical input is zero, the bistable laser 81 retains the previous state and when the device is stabilized at point B, Fig. 3b, a brief reduction of the injection current from ib ~ io causes the output to shift from point B through point D to the poin~ A where it stabilizes, thereby resetting the laser. If the laser is stabilized at point A, Fig. 3c, a brief increase in the optical input from zero to a level Pt which is higher than Pa will cause the output to follow the path from point A
through point E to the stability point B which indicates that the bistable laser is triggered into a set condition.
Assume further that the injection current is io and the ~ 6i633 optical input is Pt, the laser output will assume a value P2 which depends on -the operating characteristic of the device~
However, this laser output level is not utili2.ed in the present invention. A further discussion on the bistable optical laser is found in an Article "Bistable Operation o~ Semiconductor Lasers By Optical Injection" by H. Kawaguchi, Electronics Letters~ October 1, 1981, Vol. 17, No. 20, pages 741-742.
Therefore, by switching the injection current to zero in response to a given command signal from the processor, the stored binary data can be era~ed and by controlling the optical switch 60 in response to a second command signal from the processor 20 an optical binary data is written from a selected one of the waveguides 71-74 into the associated optical bistable device.
Figures 4 and 5 are illustrations of examples of the drivers DRl, DR2 and DR3. In Figure 4, the driver DR2 comprises an n-p-n tra~sistor TRl having its base coupled to be responsive to a command signal ~rom the processor 20 and its emitter coupled to a negative voltage source -V and its collector coupled in series with a resistor Rl to an associated one of the optical bistable devices 81-84. The emitter-collec~or path of the transistor TR1 is in shunt with a second resistor R2. The transistor TRl narmally remains conductive to generate a higher injection current - 12 ~ 33 i which is given by V/(Rl + rl + r2), where rl and r2 are the internal resistances of the optical bistable device and the transistor TRl, respectively, and where r2 is much smaller than R2. In response to a negative-going pulse from the processor 20 r the transitor TRl is turned off so that the injection current i is reduced to a lower value given by V/(Rl + R2 * rl).
In Fig. 5, the driver used to drive the optical switches 60 and 100 comprises a pair of transistors TR2 and TR3 having their emitters coupled together to a constant current source CC which in turn connected to the negative voltage supply -V and their collectors coupled to a positive voltage supply +V with a resistor R3 being connected in the collector circuit of transistor TR3. The base of transistor TR2 is connected to the processor 20 and that of transistor TR3 is connected to ground. A cirGuit node CN between the collector of transistor TR3 and resistor R3 is coupled to an associated one of the directional couplers of the optical switch 60 or 100. The voltage developed at the node CN varies between zero voltage level and a positive voltage Vl in response to a command signal applied to the base of transistor TR2.
The operation of the switching networ~ 16 of Fig. 2 will now be described with reference to a timing diagram shown in Fig. 6. It is assumed that the train of digital - 13 - ~ 6~3 S ~ als e~ 25 is a series of NRZ (non-return-to-zero) binary lls and O's of the stations A, ~, C, D which are designated as a, b, c, d and assigned to incoming time slots #l to #4 for purposes of illustration. An optical input having the level of Pt represents a binary 1 and an optical input having a zero level represents a binary 0, as indicated by the train of optical pulses 25 in Fig. 6. A binary 1 is written into any one of optical bistable devices 81-84 when the latter is injected from the associated one of the write~in waveguides 71~74 with a light input having the level Pt upon coincidence with a current drop in the injection current i from the level ib to the level io that occurs in the first half period of each time slot.
binary 0 is written into the optical bistable devices in response to there being a simultaneous presence of a zero light input and the occurrence of the injection current drop from ib to io. The injection-current control transistor TRl of each current driver DR2 normally remains conductive to supply an injection current ib ~Fig. 3b) to 2n each of the optical bistable lasers 81-~4. Thus, the transistor TRl associa-ted with the optical bistable device into which an information bit is to be stored is turned off by a write-in pulse supplied from the processor 20.
The voltage driver DRl-l is normally activated to supply a voltage Vl to the directional coupler 69 to - 14 ~ 33 optically isolate the write-in waveguides 71-74 from the incoming waveguide lS. Likewise, the voltage driver DR3-4 is normally activated by t'ne processor 20 to apply voltage Vl to the directional coupler 108 of the optical switch 100 S to isolate the read-out waveguides 91-94 from the outgoing waveguide 17.
For purposes of illustration it is assumed that a connection is to be established between stations A and D
and between stations B and C. This is achieved by interchanging the binary information of stations A and D
between the #l and #4 time slots. Likewise, the binary information of stations ~ and C are interchanged between the #2 and #3 time slots. The description is only concerned with transposing the station A information from the #1 time slot to the #4 time slot for the purpose of-simplicity .
When the processor 20 detects the presence of aservice request from the station A, the processor then operates on dialed information subsequently received from it and interprets that the station D is being called and c ~ rr ent issues an injectionlcontrol pulse having a duration one half the period of the time slot to the current driver DR2-1 at the beginning of the #1 time slot. The driver DR2-1 responds to it by reducing the injection current from the level ib to the level i.o during the first half period .
- 15 - ~ 633 of the #l time slot as illustrated in FigO 6. Upon the lowering of the injection current to io the bistable device 81 is reset to an optical output level Pa according to the truth table, Fig. 3d.
Immediately following the trailing edge of the control pulse supplied to the driver DR2-1, a write instruction is given in the form of a negative-going pulse having a duration one-half the period of time slot to the voltage driver DRl-l to turn it off and a posi.tive-going pulse of the same duration to drivers DRl-2 and DRl-4 to turn them on. Driver DRl~l removes the switching potential from the directional coupler 69 to allow the optical input Pt of station A on waveguide 15 to pass therethrough to the directional coupler 67. Drivers DRl-2 and DRl-4 apply a Jir~cfion 4/
switching potential Vl to the ai~ct-~eAa couplers 57 and 66 as shown in Fig. ~, whereby the incoming signal is switched by directional couplers 67 and 66 to waveguide 71, thence to the bistable device 81~ The injection of the opti.cal input Pt to the device 81 thus coincides with the injection of current ib thereto from the driver DR2-1. From the truth table, it is seen that the device 81 is triggered into a set conditionr increasing its laser output from the level PO to Pl and holding the level Pl until the injection current drops to io in the #l time slot of the next frame, as shown in Fig. 6. Therefore, a binary 1 is stored in the - 16 ~2~ 3 device 81 for the entire duration of the #l to #4 time slots to be read out by the readout optical switch 100.
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:, In like manner digital ~ s of stations B, C and D are subsequently written into the bistable devices 82, 83 and 84, respectively.
A reading operation is then effected on the bistable device 81 in response to a read instruction given by the processor 20 during the #4 time slot to the voltage drivers DR3-1, DR3-3 and DR3-4 in the form of a pulse having the duration of time slot so that driver DR3-4 removes the switching potential from the directional collpler 10~ establishing an optical path to the outgoing waveguide 17 and drivers DR3-1 and DR3-3 provide a switching potentia]. Vl to the directional couplers 106, 107, establishing an optical path from the output of bistable device 81 through waveguide 91, directional couplers 106, 107, 108 to the outgoing optical waveguide 17. There~ore, the binary l's and O's of the station A now appear in the #4 time slot of the called station Do In like manner, the station D signal is switched to the #l time slot to which the calling station A is assigned by having the processor 20 programmed to generate a read instruction whereby the information stored iII the bistable device 84 is read in the #l time slot. Likewise, the station B signal is switched to the #3 time slot by reading - 17 ~ 33 the bistable device 82 in the #3 time s]ot to which the station C is assigned, and the station C signal is switched to the #2 time slot to which the station B is assigned by reading the bistable device 83 in the #2 time slot. As a result, the binary signals of stations A, B, C, D axe arranged in the order of D, C, B, A in the outgoing time slots as shown in Fig. 6 and applied to the optoelectrical converter 18, Fig. 1, and thence to the time~ is~n demultiplexer 11 which sequentially distributes the digital samples d, c, b, a to the line circuits 51, 52, 53, 54, respectively, thereby establishing a connection between stations A and D and a connection between stations B and C.
In the timing diagram of Fig. 6, the injection current io occurs at times exclusively with times in which the optical input Pt occurs so that the set condition of the truth table, Fig. 3d, is met. The switching network 16 of the invention may be operated in a manner that allows io and Pt to occur simultaneously so that the optical bistable devices momentarily assume the indefinite value P2 However, this condition is immediately followed by a situation in which Pt and Ib occur simultaneously so that the definite value Pl can be taken.
This method of operation is illustrated in Fig. 7 which differs from Fig. 6 in that the write pulse from the drivers DRl has the duration of the time slot so that the i33 optical input Pt ~o the bistable devices has th~ duration of the time slot and that the injection current io is only r quired -to occur within the period of the optical input Pt. The injection current drop from ib to io thus causes the bistable device to assume an optical output value P2 which is shown shaded in Fiyure 7. However, the current rise to ib occurs in the presence of the optical input Pt to meet the set condition of the bistable device, allowing it to generate an optical output Pl. The reset condition of the truth table is met when the injection current drop occurs in the absence of optical input.
Figure 8 is an illustration of a second embodiment of the switching network 16. This embodiment differs from the embodiment of Fig~re 2 in that the injection-current controlled bistable lasers 81-84 are replaced with optical directional couplers 181-184 having closed loops. As will be described the directional couplers 181-184 exhibit bistability exclusively depending on the amount of light incident thereon. For this purpose, an optical bias source 120 is provided to supply bias light to optical switshes 121-124 of a known switched direc-tional coupler type which are controlled by drivers in response to instructions from the processor 20 and thence to optical couplers 131-134. The optical couplers 131-134 combine the bias light with the optical digital signals on waveguides 71-71 and the combined optical outputs are applied to the inputs of the bistable devices 181-184, respectivel~.
Figure 9 is an illustration of the detail of each of the optical bistable devices 181-184. These optical bistable devices each comprise a LiNbO3 substrate 185 on which is formed a pair of titanium-diffused optical waveguides 186 and 187 which are spaced fax apart except at the location where switching accurs, at which point the waveguides are in clos~
proximity. A pair of electrodes 188 and 189 are provided on 10 those portions of the waveguides which are in close proximity to each other. The wa~eguide 186 has its input end optically coupled with an associated one of the waveguides 71-74 and has its output end optically coupled with a half-silvered mirror, or beam splitter 190 which reflects a portion of the incident light to an optoelectrical converter 191 which in turn is coupled through an amplifier 192 to the electrode 188. The electrode 189 is grounded.
~ feedback loop is thus formed which maintains the electrode 188 at a high potential as long as the optical 20 input exceeds a higher threshold value Pa (Figure 10) and switches the potential to a lower level when the optical inpu~ drops below a lower threshold level Pc. The beam splitter 190 passes the remainder of the incident light as ~2~6~ii33 an optical output of the bistable optical device to an associated one of the waveguides 91-94~ The hysteresis characteristic shown in Fig. 10 is utilized to advantage by , r the optical bias which ~e~ holds the optical input level of the bistable devices 181-184 at a point Pt above the higher threshold Pa to store a binary 1 in response to an optical information bit having a level (Pt - Pb).
The operation of the Fig. 8 embodiment is as follows. The optical switches 121-124 are selectively briefly switched off to block the bias light so that a selected one of the bistable devices 181-184 is cleared.
Immediately following the clearing, an optical information bit having the level ~Pt - Pb) is applied to the selected bistable device in the presence of the bias light Pb. The input optical level is raised to a level Pt which sufficient to generate an optical output Pl which is held by the bias light which exists after the optical binary 1 ceases to exist, thus storing a binary 1 in the selected bistable device. When the optical input is a binary 0, the total amount of the optical input to the selected bistable device is Pb which is insufficient to generate an optical output Pl and thus it remains at an output level P0 signifying a binary 0.
A modification of the embodiment of Fig. 8 is illustrated in Fig. 11. The modified embodiment differs - 21 - ~2~663~
from the Fig. 8 embodiment in that the optical switches 60, 121-124 are replaced with an array of write-in optical switches 221-224 of a known directional coupler type having two input ports and two output ports and the optical switch 100 is replaced with an array of readout optical switches 321-324 which are identical to switches 221-22~.
Optical switches 221-224 have their first input ports coupled from the bias light source 120 and their second inputs coupled from the first output ports of other optical switches with the exception that switch 224 takes the information input from the waveguide 15 and the first output port of the switch 221 is left unconnected. The second ouput ports of the switches 221-224 are connected respectively to the bistable devices 181-184. Optical switches 321-324 have their first input ports coupled respectively from the outputs of the bistable devices 181-184 and their second input ports coupled from the first output port of the other switches and their second output ports are left unconnected.
In operation, write-in optical switches 221-224 are controlled by the processor 20 such that in the absence oE
a control potential Vl they cross-couple their first and second input ports to their second and first output ports, respectlvely, and in the presence of the control potential ~1 the first and second input ports are coupled to the ~Z~ 33 first and second output ports, respectively. Thus, the optical information on waveguicle 15 can be switched to the first output port of the ne~t switch in response to the control voltage Vl and the bias light is applied to the associated bistable device. Likewise, the absence of control voltage Vl on readout switches 321~324 causes them to establish cross-coupling between their input and output ports and the presence of the control voltage causes them to pass the optical information at their first input port to pass to the second input port of the next re~dout switch.
The write-in switches 221-224 are normally impressed with the contro~ voltage Vl to pass the bias light to the bistable devices 181-184 and apply the optical information on incoming waveguide 15 through switches 224, 223, 222 and 221 to the open-end termination of the first output port of the switch 221. Likewise, the readout switches 331-334 are normally biased by the control voltage Vl to pass the optical outputs of devices 181-184 to the open-end terminations of their second output ports.
This embodiment requires the optical information bit to ha~e a level in excess of Pt to write in a binary 1.
The operation of the embodiment of Fig. 11 will best be understood with reference to Fig. 12. Normally, the control voltage Vl is not applied to the write-in - - .
- 23 ~ ~ ~ ~6~3 switches 221-224 to permit the bias light Pb to be injected to the bistable devices 181-184. When a control voltage V
is applied to the write-in switch 221 for a period smaller than the pulse duration of the optical signal 25 OQ
waveguide 15 in synchronism with the ~1 time slot of the incoming signal to which the station A is assigned, the bias light is disconnected from the bistable device 181, while the optical information on waveguide 15 is instead admitted thereto. If the signal 25 is a binary 1, the optical input level of the bistable device 181 is raised to Pt, causing it to switch to a higher optical output level Pl. The turn-off the control voltage Vl allows the bias light to be reapplied to the bistable device 181, so that it maintains the high optical level output Pl until a binary 0 occurs in the #1 time slot of the third frame.
The binary 0 is likewise written into the device 181 by briefly applying the control voltage Vl to the switch 221 to reduce the optical input level to P0. The removal of the control voltage from switch 221 after this brief period reapplies the bias light to the bistable device 181. However, the input level of device 181 is not sufficient to turn it to higher output level, so that its output remains at Po representing the binary 0.
Likewise, the control voltage Vl is sequentially applied to switches 222 to 22~ to write the optical bits of - 24 ~ 6~33 the #2 to #4 time slots in~o the bistable devices 182 to 184, respectively~
The optical binary 1 is read out of the device 181 in response to a readout control voltage Vl applied to the switch 321 in synchronism with the ~4 time slot of the outgoing signal to thereby establish a connection between stations A and D.
The Figure 11 embodiment can be modified as shown in Figure 13. In Figure 13, the incoming common waveguide 15 is coupled to the input of an optical coup.ler 400 having its outputs coupled by way of waveguides 401-404 to the second input ports of the optical switches ~21-224, respectively, and the outgoing con~on waveguide 17 is coupled from the first output ports of switches 321-324 by way of waveguides 411-414 and an optical coupler 420. The operation of the Figure 13 embodiment is generally similar to that of the Figure 11 embodiment with the exception that, since the incoming wave-guides 401-404 are individually associated with write-in switches 221-224 and likewise the outgoing waveguides 411-414 are indi-vidually associated with readout switches 321-324, these switches can be exclusively controlled.
The foregoing description shows only preferred embodi-ments of the present invention. Various modifications are apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention which is only limited by the appended claims. Therefore, the embodiments shown and described are only illustrative, not restrictive.
- 25 - ~Z~3~
For example, in the first embodiment, the wri-te-in switch 60 may be controlled so that the calling station s.ignals are stored in the bistable devices in the time slots of the called stations, rather than in the sequential order as describedl and the readout switch 100 is operated in a sequential manner. This alteration applies to the other embodiments. Furthermore, more than one binary digit may be assigned to each time slot by the use of more than one optical bistable device for each time slot.
,.
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
"Optical Time-Division Switching System Employing Optical Bistable Devices"
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
5The present invention relates to an optical ~ime-division switching system.
Since the introduction of optical fibers various attempts have been made to develop optical systems having a high speed and large traffic handling capacity. In particular, optical time division digital transmission systems are the most attractive system for future applications. However, the current switching system handles electrical signals; conversion of electrical to optical energy or vice versa is necessary at every junction between optical transmission system~ and electrical switching systems. Another disadvantage resides in the fact that while optical transmission systems are capable of transmitting signals at speeds higher than 100 megabits per second, electrical time-division switching systems are not capable of switching at comparable speeds.
To overcome these disadvantages efforts have been made to develop optical switching systems. An optical switching system, shown and described in Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 53-117311, employs optical waveguides of different lengths as delay lines to which ~, optical signals of different time 510ts are selectively applied through an optical switch to effect the switching of the signals from one time slot to another. Since the maximum delay time is exclusively determined by the length of the waveguides, the prior art system has not sufficient flexibility to accornmodate a varying number of customer stations and facilities from one switching of-fice to another. Furthermore, waveguides of substantial length would be required to handle signals of a long frame length, result-ing in a large equipment size. Another disadvantage of this system is that a switching loss tends to occur at the connection between the optical switch and the delay lines.
SUMl~RY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has for its object the provision of a time-division optical switching system which gives flexibility to the design of frame length and allows compact equipment, and ensures a high level of optical output.
The present invention accomplishes this object by the use of optical bistable devices for storing signals of different time slots to allow them to be retrieved at times determined by dialed information.
The switching system of the invention includes control means for generating a switching instruction in response to a selection signal from a plurality of lines or trunks, means for time-division multiplexing signals from said lines or trunks and applying the multiplexed signals to a common incoming optical medium and means for demultiplexing time-division multiplexed ~6~i33 signals from a common outgoing optical medium and applying the de-multiplexed signals to said lines or trunks, said system comprising, a plurality of optical bistable devices, firs-~ optical switching means responsive to said switching instruction for selectively switching said mul-tiplexed signals from said common incoming optical medium to said optical bistable devices to individually store said signals therein, and second optical switching means responsi-~e to said switching instruction for selectively switching said signals stored in said bistable devices to said outgoing optical mediumO
The frame length can thus be determined by the number of such bistable devices and the period of each time slot in which writing and reading operation is effected.
Optical devices having a hysteresis characteristic can be employed for storing optical binary signals. A bistable laser diode is available for such purposes. An injection current is applied from an external source to the laser diode to keep it excited to hold an optical binary signal. An optical circuit having a feed-back loop is also available for storing an optical binary signal.
This type of circuit needs an external light source to keep it in a prede~termined binary state.
BRIEE DESCRIPTION OF T~IE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the aceompanying drawings, in whleh:
Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of an optical time-division switching system embodying the present invention;
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a first embodiment of the switching unit of Figure 1 employing laser diodes as bistable devices;
Figure 3a is a schematic i.llustration of -the laser diode of Figure 2, and Figures 3b to 3d show opexating charac-teristics of the laser diode;
Figures 4 and 5 are circuit diagrams of drivers employed in the embodimen~s of the present invention;
Figures 6 and 7 are timing diagrams useful for describing the operation of the Figure 2 embodimenti Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a second embodiment of the switehing unit of Figure 1 employing optical dir~ctional coupler circuit having a feedback loop as the bis-table deviGes;
Figure 9 is an illustration of the detail of the optical bistable device using a direetional eoupler of Figure 8i Figure 10 is an illustration of the operating eharae-teristic of the eireuit of Figure 9;
Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 8 showing a modified ve~sion of the embodiment shown in Figure 8;
: , ~
- 5 - ~2~63~
Figure 12 is a timing diagram associated with the embodiment of Figure lli and Figure 13 is an illustration of a second modification of the second embodiment.
_ETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings in which corresponding parts are indicated by the same reference numerals throughoutO
In the embodiment of Figure 1, an optical time-division switching system is schematirally illustrated as comprising a multiplexer 10 and a demultiplexer 11 which are synchronized with a clock supplied from a clock generator 12.
Fox purposes of illustration, four channels 21, 22, 23 and 24 are shown as incoming channels and four channels 31, 32, 33, 34 are shown as outgoing channels. The incoming channels 21-24 and outgoing channels 31-34 are carried via coaxial cable pairs 41-44 between stations A, B, C and D and line circuits 51-54, respectively. The line circuits 51-54 are of the well known type which serves as an interface between the coaxial cables 41-44 and a multiplexer 10 and a demultiplexer 11 as well as a unit for generating a signal indicating the presen¢e of a request for service from the customers.
Each station is shown as a video telephone set , .
6~
including a video camera CAM and a display unit DSP respectively connected to the incoming and outgoing channels of the associated line circuit~ The multiplexer 10 is of the type known in the time-division switching art which se~uentially couples individual customer sta~ions to a common outgoing channel 13, so that the signals from stations A to D are arranged in a recyclic sequence of #l to #4 incoming time slots.
Connected to the outgoing channel 13 is an electro-optical converter 14 which converts the time-division multiplexed electrical signal to a corresponding optical signal for delivery via a common optical waveguide 15 to an input terminal of a switching network 16 constructed according to the present invention. The switching network 16 has an output terminal which is coupled via a common optical waveyuide 17 to an opto-electrical converter 18 which converts the optical signal into a corresponding electrical signal for application to an incoming channel 19 of the demultiplexer 11. The demultiplexer 11 sequentially distributes the signals of the outgoing time slots #1 to #4 of the switching network 16 to the line circuits 51-54.
As will be described, the switching network 16 includes an array of optical bistable devices which are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the customer stations. In the _ 7 ~
optical bistable devices are sequentially stored the multi-plexed signals in response to write instructions from a pro-cessor 20. The stored signals are read in response to readout instructions from the processor. The processor 20 is of the type known in the -time-division switching art and may include a scanner for scanning the line circuits 51-54 to detect the presence of a request for service and interpLets dialed informa-tion to determine the time slots of the calling and called stations. From the time slot numbers of the calling and called sta~ions the processor 20 derives a first read instruction for enabling the switching network 16 to read the stored calling station signal in the time slot of the called station and a second read instruction for enabling it to read the stored called station slgnal in the time slot of the calling s-tation.
Details of the switching network 16 are illustrated in Figure 2. The time-division multiplexed optical signal supplied from the multiplexer 10 comprises an optical stream 25 of digital signals , _, c, d corresponding respectively to the stations A to D arranged in incoming time slots #1 to ~4.
For the purpose of illustration, it is assumed that each digital signal comprlses a binary 1 or 0. The switching network 16 comprises a write-in optical switch 60 which sequentially writes the optical digital signals _, _, c~ d into optical bistable ~Z~6~;33 deviees 81-84 respeetively in response to write-in voltage pulses from drivers DRl. The switching network 16 further ineludes a read-out op~ical switeh 100 whieh is identical in strueture to the write-in optical switch 60 and is res-ponsive to readout voltage pulses supplied from drivers DR3 to selectively read the stored digital signals a, b, c, _ out of the optical bistable deviees 81-84 in aecordance with dialed information.
The write-in optieal switeh 60 comprises a lithium niobate substrate 66 on whieh is diffused a pattern of titanium to form four optieal waveguides 61, 62, 63, 64 which are eoupled via optical waveguides 71, 72, 73, 74 to optieal bistable devices 81, 82, 83, 84, respectively.
The waveguide 63 is coupled at the input end to the eommon optical waveyuide 15 and is in close proximity to the waveguide 62 at a point 67 where directional eoupling, or switehing oecurs. The waveguide 62 is in close proximity to the waveguide 61 at a point 66 where switehing oeeurs.
The waveguide 63 is further in close proximity to the waveguide 64 at a point 68 where switching oceurs. The switching points 66-68 are provided with ~irst and second electrodes in pairs, the first electrodes being eoupled to drivers DRl-2 to DRl-4, 9 _ respectively, and -the second electrodes being grounded.
By sequential application of a write-in voltage pulse to the electrodes of the switching points 6~, 67, 68, the waveguide 15 is coupled se~uen~ially to the bistable devices 81-84 via waveguides 71-74. The siynal on the waveguide 15 is fur~her controlled by an additional switching point 69 which is formed by a portion of the waveguide 63 provided with an electrode which is coupled to the driver DRl-l and an adjacent waveguide 65 on which a grounded electrode is provided.
Each of the optical bistable devices 81-84 comprises a bistable laser as shown in Figure 3a. This laser comprises a current~injection type semiconductor body 85 formed of GALaAs/GaAs or InGaAsP/InP in a double hetero-junction structure having an el~ctrode 86 coupled to a current injection terminal 87. The electrode has such a nonuniform pattern that it creates a region in which no current is injected. Such a region acts as a saturable absorber in the laser so that with the optical input being zero the output of the laser exhibits marked hysteresis characteristic as shown in Figure 3b~
In Figure 3b, the optical output of the bistable laser is plotted as a function of the injected current. As shown the laser output increases sharply to a saturakion point C
when the injection current has increased from io to ~2~;?663~
- ~ and sharply drops when the current has decreased to ~
and thus finds stability at points A and B corresponding to levels P0 and Pl, respectively. Fig. 3c is a plot of the device's output as a function of the optical input with the injection current being maintained at ib When -the optical input is zero the output stabiulizes at point A and as it increases to Pa, the output sharply increases until a saturation point E is reached. As the input has decreased to zero the output shifts to the stability point B.
Therefore, the laser stabilizes at point A or B when the optical input is zero.
From Figs. 3b and 3c a truth table shown in Fig. 3d can be derived. The truth table shows that when the injection current is ib and the optical input is zero, the bistable laser 81 retains the previous state and when the device is stabilized at point B, Fig. 3b, a brief reduction of the injection current from ib ~ io causes the output to shift from point B through point D to the poin~ A where it stabilizes, thereby resetting the laser. If the laser is stabilized at point A, Fig. 3c, a brief increase in the optical input from zero to a level Pt which is higher than Pa will cause the output to follow the path from point A
through point E to the stability point B which indicates that the bistable laser is triggered into a set condition.
Assume further that the injection current is io and the ~ 6i633 optical input is Pt, the laser output will assume a value P2 which depends on -the operating characteristic of the device~
However, this laser output level is not utili2.ed in the present invention. A further discussion on the bistable optical laser is found in an Article "Bistable Operation o~ Semiconductor Lasers By Optical Injection" by H. Kawaguchi, Electronics Letters~ October 1, 1981, Vol. 17, No. 20, pages 741-742.
Therefore, by switching the injection current to zero in response to a given command signal from the processor, the stored binary data can be era~ed and by controlling the optical switch 60 in response to a second command signal from the processor 20 an optical binary data is written from a selected one of the waveguides 71-74 into the associated optical bistable device.
Figures 4 and 5 are illustrations of examples of the drivers DRl, DR2 and DR3. In Figure 4, the driver DR2 comprises an n-p-n tra~sistor TRl having its base coupled to be responsive to a command signal ~rom the processor 20 and its emitter coupled to a negative voltage source -V and its collector coupled in series with a resistor Rl to an associated one of the optical bistable devices 81-84. The emitter-collec~or path of the transistor TR1 is in shunt with a second resistor R2. The transistor TRl narmally remains conductive to generate a higher injection current - 12 ~ 33 i which is given by V/(Rl + rl + r2), where rl and r2 are the internal resistances of the optical bistable device and the transistor TRl, respectively, and where r2 is much smaller than R2. In response to a negative-going pulse from the processor 20 r the transitor TRl is turned off so that the injection current i is reduced to a lower value given by V/(Rl + R2 * rl).
In Fig. 5, the driver used to drive the optical switches 60 and 100 comprises a pair of transistors TR2 and TR3 having their emitters coupled together to a constant current source CC which in turn connected to the negative voltage supply -V and their collectors coupled to a positive voltage supply +V with a resistor R3 being connected in the collector circuit of transistor TR3. The base of transistor TR2 is connected to the processor 20 and that of transistor TR3 is connected to ground. A cirGuit node CN between the collector of transistor TR3 and resistor R3 is coupled to an associated one of the directional couplers of the optical switch 60 or 100. The voltage developed at the node CN varies between zero voltage level and a positive voltage Vl in response to a command signal applied to the base of transistor TR2.
The operation of the switching networ~ 16 of Fig. 2 will now be described with reference to a timing diagram shown in Fig. 6. It is assumed that the train of digital - 13 - ~ 6~3 S ~ als e~ 25 is a series of NRZ (non-return-to-zero) binary lls and O's of the stations A, ~, C, D which are designated as a, b, c, d and assigned to incoming time slots #l to #4 for purposes of illustration. An optical input having the level of Pt represents a binary 1 and an optical input having a zero level represents a binary 0, as indicated by the train of optical pulses 25 in Fig. 6. A binary 1 is written into any one of optical bistable devices 81-84 when the latter is injected from the associated one of the write~in waveguides 71~74 with a light input having the level Pt upon coincidence with a current drop in the injection current i from the level ib to the level io that occurs in the first half period of each time slot.
binary 0 is written into the optical bistable devices in response to there being a simultaneous presence of a zero light input and the occurrence of the injection current drop from ib to io. The injection-current control transistor TRl of each current driver DR2 normally remains conductive to supply an injection current ib ~Fig. 3b) to 2n each of the optical bistable lasers 81-~4. Thus, the transistor TRl associa-ted with the optical bistable device into which an information bit is to be stored is turned off by a write-in pulse supplied from the processor 20.
The voltage driver DRl-l is normally activated to supply a voltage Vl to the directional coupler 69 to - 14 ~ 33 optically isolate the write-in waveguides 71-74 from the incoming waveguide lS. Likewise, the voltage driver DR3-4 is normally activated by t'ne processor 20 to apply voltage Vl to the directional coupler 108 of the optical switch 100 S to isolate the read-out waveguides 91-94 from the outgoing waveguide 17.
For purposes of illustration it is assumed that a connection is to be established between stations A and D
and between stations B and C. This is achieved by interchanging the binary information of stations A and D
between the #l and #4 time slots. Likewise, the binary information of stations ~ and C are interchanged between the #2 and #3 time slots. The description is only concerned with transposing the station A information from the #1 time slot to the #4 time slot for the purpose of-simplicity .
When the processor 20 detects the presence of aservice request from the station A, the processor then operates on dialed information subsequently received from it and interprets that the station D is being called and c ~ rr ent issues an injectionlcontrol pulse having a duration one half the period of the time slot to the current driver DR2-1 at the beginning of the #1 time slot. The driver DR2-1 responds to it by reducing the injection current from the level ib to the level i.o during the first half period .
- 15 - ~ 633 of the #l time slot as illustrated in FigO 6. Upon the lowering of the injection current to io the bistable device 81 is reset to an optical output level Pa according to the truth table, Fig. 3d.
Immediately following the trailing edge of the control pulse supplied to the driver DR2-1, a write instruction is given in the form of a negative-going pulse having a duration one-half the period of time slot to the voltage driver DRl-l to turn it off and a posi.tive-going pulse of the same duration to drivers DRl-2 and DRl-4 to turn them on. Driver DRl~l removes the switching potential from the directional coupler 69 to allow the optical input Pt of station A on waveguide 15 to pass therethrough to the directional coupler 67. Drivers DRl-2 and DRl-4 apply a Jir~cfion 4/
switching potential Vl to the ai~ct-~eAa couplers 57 and 66 as shown in Fig. ~, whereby the incoming signal is switched by directional couplers 67 and 66 to waveguide 71, thence to the bistable device 81~ The injection of the opti.cal input Pt to the device 81 thus coincides with the injection of current ib thereto from the driver DR2-1. From the truth table, it is seen that the device 81 is triggered into a set conditionr increasing its laser output from the level PO to Pl and holding the level Pl until the injection current drops to io in the #l time slot of the next frame, as shown in Fig. 6. Therefore, a binary 1 is stored in the - 16 ~2~ 3 device 81 for the entire duration of the #l to #4 time slots to be read out by the readout optical switch 100.
r) 4 /S
:, In like manner digital ~ s of stations B, C and D are subsequently written into the bistable devices 82, 83 and 84, respectively.
A reading operation is then effected on the bistable device 81 in response to a read instruction given by the processor 20 during the #4 time slot to the voltage drivers DR3-1, DR3-3 and DR3-4 in the form of a pulse having the duration of time slot so that driver DR3-4 removes the switching potential from the directional collpler 10~ establishing an optical path to the outgoing waveguide 17 and drivers DR3-1 and DR3-3 provide a switching potentia]. Vl to the directional couplers 106, 107, establishing an optical path from the output of bistable device 81 through waveguide 91, directional couplers 106, 107, 108 to the outgoing optical waveguide 17. There~ore, the binary l's and O's of the station A now appear in the #4 time slot of the called station Do In like manner, the station D signal is switched to the #l time slot to which the calling station A is assigned by having the processor 20 programmed to generate a read instruction whereby the information stored iII the bistable device 84 is read in the #l time slot. Likewise, the station B signal is switched to the #3 time slot by reading - 17 ~ 33 the bistable device 82 in the #3 time s]ot to which the station C is assigned, and the station C signal is switched to the #2 time slot to which the station B is assigned by reading the bistable device 83 in the #2 time slot. As a result, the binary signals of stations A, B, C, D axe arranged in the order of D, C, B, A in the outgoing time slots as shown in Fig. 6 and applied to the optoelectrical converter 18, Fig. 1, and thence to the time~ is~n demultiplexer 11 which sequentially distributes the digital samples d, c, b, a to the line circuits 51, 52, 53, 54, respectively, thereby establishing a connection between stations A and D and a connection between stations B and C.
In the timing diagram of Fig. 6, the injection current io occurs at times exclusively with times in which the optical input Pt occurs so that the set condition of the truth table, Fig. 3d, is met. The switching network 16 of the invention may be operated in a manner that allows io and Pt to occur simultaneously so that the optical bistable devices momentarily assume the indefinite value P2 However, this condition is immediately followed by a situation in which Pt and Ib occur simultaneously so that the definite value Pl can be taken.
This method of operation is illustrated in Fig. 7 which differs from Fig. 6 in that the write pulse from the drivers DRl has the duration of the time slot so that the i33 optical input Pt ~o the bistable devices has th~ duration of the time slot and that the injection current io is only r quired -to occur within the period of the optical input Pt. The injection current drop from ib to io thus causes the bistable device to assume an optical output value P2 which is shown shaded in Fiyure 7. However, the current rise to ib occurs in the presence of the optical input Pt to meet the set condition of the bistable device, allowing it to generate an optical output Pl. The reset condition of the truth table is met when the injection current drop occurs in the absence of optical input.
Figure 8 is an illustration of a second embodiment of the switching network 16. This embodiment differs from the embodiment of Fig~re 2 in that the injection-current controlled bistable lasers 81-84 are replaced with optical directional couplers 181-184 having closed loops. As will be described the directional couplers 181-184 exhibit bistability exclusively depending on the amount of light incident thereon. For this purpose, an optical bias source 120 is provided to supply bias light to optical switshes 121-124 of a known switched direc-tional coupler type which are controlled by drivers in response to instructions from the processor 20 and thence to optical couplers 131-134. The optical couplers 131-134 combine the bias light with the optical digital signals on waveguides 71-71 and the combined optical outputs are applied to the inputs of the bistable devices 181-184, respectivel~.
Figure 9 is an illustration of the detail of each of the optical bistable devices 181-184. These optical bistable devices each comprise a LiNbO3 substrate 185 on which is formed a pair of titanium-diffused optical waveguides 186 and 187 which are spaced fax apart except at the location where switching accurs, at which point the waveguides are in clos~
proximity. A pair of electrodes 188 and 189 are provided on 10 those portions of the waveguides which are in close proximity to each other. The wa~eguide 186 has its input end optically coupled with an associated one of the waveguides 71-74 and has its output end optically coupled with a half-silvered mirror, or beam splitter 190 which reflects a portion of the incident light to an optoelectrical converter 191 which in turn is coupled through an amplifier 192 to the electrode 188. The electrode 189 is grounded.
~ feedback loop is thus formed which maintains the electrode 188 at a high potential as long as the optical 20 input exceeds a higher threshold value Pa (Figure 10) and switches the potential to a lower level when the optical inpu~ drops below a lower threshold level Pc. The beam splitter 190 passes the remainder of the incident light as ~2~6~ii33 an optical output of the bistable optical device to an associated one of the waveguides 91-94~ The hysteresis characteristic shown in Fig. 10 is utilized to advantage by , r the optical bias which ~e~ holds the optical input level of the bistable devices 181-184 at a point Pt above the higher threshold Pa to store a binary 1 in response to an optical information bit having a level (Pt - Pb).
The operation of the Fig. 8 embodiment is as follows. The optical switches 121-124 are selectively briefly switched off to block the bias light so that a selected one of the bistable devices 181-184 is cleared.
Immediately following the clearing, an optical information bit having the level ~Pt - Pb) is applied to the selected bistable device in the presence of the bias light Pb. The input optical level is raised to a level Pt which sufficient to generate an optical output Pl which is held by the bias light which exists after the optical binary 1 ceases to exist, thus storing a binary 1 in the selected bistable device. When the optical input is a binary 0, the total amount of the optical input to the selected bistable device is Pb which is insufficient to generate an optical output Pl and thus it remains at an output level P0 signifying a binary 0.
A modification of the embodiment of Fig. 8 is illustrated in Fig. 11. The modified embodiment differs - 21 - ~2~663~
from the Fig. 8 embodiment in that the optical switches 60, 121-124 are replaced with an array of write-in optical switches 221-224 of a known directional coupler type having two input ports and two output ports and the optical switch 100 is replaced with an array of readout optical switches 321-324 which are identical to switches 221-22~.
Optical switches 221-224 have their first input ports coupled from the bias light source 120 and their second inputs coupled from the first output ports of other optical switches with the exception that switch 224 takes the information input from the waveguide 15 and the first output port of the switch 221 is left unconnected. The second ouput ports of the switches 221-224 are connected respectively to the bistable devices 181-184. Optical switches 321-324 have their first input ports coupled respectively from the outputs of the bistable devices 181-184 and their second input ports coupled from the first output port of the other switches and their second output ports are left unconnected.
In operation, write-in optical switches 221-224 are controlled by the processor 20 such that in the absence oE
a control potential Vl they cross-couple their first and second input ports to their second and first output ports, respectlvely, and in the presence of the control potential ~1 the first and second input ports are coupled to the ~Z~ 33 first and second output ports, respectively. Thus, the optical information on waveguicle 15 can be switched to the first output port of the ne~t switch in response to the control voltage Vl and the bias light is applied to the associated bistable device. Likewise, the absence of control voltage Vl on readout switches 321~324 causes them to establish cross-coupling between their input and output ports and the presence of the control voltage causes them to pass the optical information at their first input port to pass to the second input port of the next re~dout switch.
The write-in switches 221-224 are normally impressed with the contro~ voltage Vl to pass the bias light to the bistable devices 181-184 and apply the optical information on incoming waveguide 15 through switches 224, 223, 222 and 221 to the open-end termination of the first output port of the switch 221. Likewise, the readout switches 331-334 are normally biased by the control voltage Vl to pass the optical outputs of devices 181-184 to the open-end terminations of their second output ports.
This embodiment requires the optical information bit to ha~e a level in excess of Pt to write in a binary 1.
The operation of the embodiment of Fig. 11 will best be understood with reference to Fig. 12. Normally, the control voltage Vl is not applied to the write-in - - .
- 23 ~ ~ ~ ~6~3 switches 221-224 to permit the bias light Pb to be injected to the bistable devices 181-184. When a control voltage V
is applied to the write-in switch 221 for a period smaller than the pulse duration of the optical signal 25 OQ
waveguide 15 in synchronism with the ~1 time slot of the incoming signal to which the station A is assigned, the bias light is disconnected from the bistable device 181, while the optical information on waveguide 15 is instead admitted thereto. If the signal 25 is a binary 1, the optical input level of the bistable device 181 is raised to Pt, causing it to switch to a higher optical output level Pl. The turn-off the control voltage Vl allows the bias light to be reapplied to the bistable device 181, so that it maintains the high optical level output Pl until a binary 0 occurs in the #1 time slot of the third frame.
The binary 0 is likewise written into the device 181 by briefly applying the control voltage Vl to the switch 221 to reduce the optical input level to P0. The removal of the control voltage from switch 221 after this brief period reapplies the bias light to the bistable device 181. However, the input level of device 181 is not sufficient to turn it to higher output level, so that its output remains at Po representing the binary 0.
Likewise, the control voltage Vl is sequentially applied to switches 222 to 22~ to write the optical bits of - 24 ~ 6~33 the #2 to #4 time slots in~o the bistable devices 182 to 184, respectively~
The optical binary 1 is read out of the device 181 in response to a readout control voltage Vl applied to the switch 321 in synchronism with the ~4 time slot of the outgoing signal to thereby establish a connection between stations A and D.
The Figure 11 embodiment can be modified as shown in Figure 13. In Figure 13, the incoming common waveguide 15 is coupled to the input of an optical coup.ler 400 having its outputs coupled by way of waveguides 401-404 to the second input ports of the optical switches ~21-224, respectively, and the outgoing con~on waveguide 17 is coupled from the first output ports of switches 321-324 by way of waveguides 411-414 and an optical coupler 420. The operation of the Figure 13 embodiment is generally similar to that of the Figure 11 embodiment with the exception that, since the incoming wave-guides 401-404 are individually associated with write-in switches 221-224 and likewise the outgoing waveguides 411-414 are indi-vidually associated with readout switches 321-324, these switches can be exclusively controlled.
The foregoing description shows only preferred embodi-ments of the present invention. Various modifications are apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention which is only limited by the appended claims. Therefore, the embodiments shown and described are only illustrative, not restrictive.
- 25 - ~Z~3~
For example, in the first embodiment, the wri-te-in switch 60 may be controlled so that the calling station s.ignals are stored in the bistable devices in the time slots of the called stations, rather than in the sequential order as describedl and the readout switch 100 is operated in a sequential manner. This alteration applies to the other embodiments. Furthermore, more than one binary digit may be assigned to each time slot by the use of more than one optical bistable device for each time slot.
,.
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An optical switching system having control means for generating a switching instruction in response to a selection signal from a plurality of lines or trunks, means for time-division multiplexing signals from said lines or trunks and applying the multiplexed signals to a common incoming optical medium and means for demultiplexing time-division multiplexed signals from a common outgoing optical medium and applying the demultiplexed signals to said lines or trunks, said system comprising, a plurality of optical bistable devices, first optical switching means responsive to said switching instruction for selectively switching said multi-plexed signals from said common incoming optical medium to said optical bistable devices to individually store said signals therein, and second optical switching means responsive to said switching instruction for selectively switching said signals stored in said bistable devices to said outgoing optical medium.
2. An optical switching system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said optical bistable devices has a hysteretic relationship between an optical input supplied thereto and an optical output delivered therefrom, each of said bistable devices being arranged to receive optical energy from an external source to maintain a high optical output in response to the simultaneous presence of said optical energy and an optical input from said first optical switching means and arranged to be reset to a low optical output in response to the simultaneous absence of said optical energy and said optical input from said first optical switching means.
3. A switching system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said optical bistable devices comprises a semiconductor laser diode of the type having a hysteretic relationship between the optical input and output thereof, further comprising means for injecting a current to said laser diode in a predetermined timed relationship with said first means to maintain said diode in a given optical binary state.
4. An optical switching system as claimed in claim 1, where-in each of said optical bistable devices comprises: a substrate a pair of first and second optical waveguides provided on said sub-strate in energy transfer relationship therebetween under the influence of an electric field, said waveguides being spaced far apart except at the location where the waveguides are in close proximity to each other to store energy therebetween, said first and second waveguides being provided with first and second elec-trodes respectively, and a feedback circuit for applying an opti-cal output of said first waveguide to said first electrode, the first optical waveguide being optically coupled with said first optical switching means at an input end thereof and with said second optical switching means at an output end, wherein said first switching means includes: optical biasing means including a bias light source connected to input ends of the first waveguides of said optical bistable devices for supplying an optical bias to to each optical bistable device.
5. A switching system as claimed in claim 1, wherein one of said first and second switching means is arranged to effect the switching in sequential manner and the other switching means is arranged to effect the switching in response to dialed information from said stations.
6. An optical switching system as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first optical switching means comprises a plurality of optical switches each having a pair of first and second input ports and a pair of first and second output ports connected respectively to said first and second input ports or respectively to said second and first input ports in response to said switching instruction from said control means, said first input port of each optical switch being optically connected to said bias light source, the second input port of one of said optical switches being connected to said common incoming optical medium, the second in-puts of the other optical devices being respectively connected to the first output ports of another optical switch, the second output port of each optical switch being connected to the input end of the first waveguide of a respective one of said optical bistable devices.
7. An optical switching system as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first optical switching means comprises a plurality of optical switches each having a pair of first and second input ports and an output port selectively connected to said first or second input port in response to said switching instruction from said control means, said first input port of each optical switch being optically connected to said bias light source, the second input ports of said optical switches being connected to said common incoming optical medium, the output port of each optical switch being connected to the input end of the first waveguide of a respective one of said optical bistable devices.
8. An optical switching system having control means for generating a switching instruction in response to a selection signal from a plurality of lines or trunks, means for multiplexing signals from said lines or trunks on different time slots and applying the multiplexed signals to a common incoming optical medium and means for demultiplexing said multiplexed signals from a common outgoing optical medium and applying the demultiplexed signals to said lines or trunks, said system comprising: a plural-ity of semiconductor laser diodes having a hysteretic relationship between an optical input supplied thereto and an optical output delivered therefrom; first optical switching means responsive to said switching instruction for selectively switching said multi-plexed signals from said common incoming optical medium to said diodes to individually store said signals therein; second optical switching means responsive to said switching instruction for selectively switching said stored signals from said diodes to said outgoing optical medium; and third means for injecting a current to each one of said diodes in response to said instruction to maintain each diode in a high optical output state.
9. An optical switching system having control means for generating a switching instruction in response to a selection signal from a plurality of lines or trunks, means for multiplexing signals from a plurality of lines or trunks on different time slots and applying the multiplexed signals to a common incoming optical medium and means for demultiplexing said multiplexed signals from a common outgoing optical medium and applying the demultiplexed signals to said lines or trunks, said system comprising: a plurality of optical bistable devices each comprising: a pair of first and second optical waveguides in energy transfer relationship therebetween under the influence of an electric field, said wave-guides being spaced far apart except at the location where the waveguides are in close proximity to each other to store energy thereat; first and second electrodes on said first and second waveguides, respectively, and a feedback circuit for applying an optical output from said first waveguide to said first electrode to bias same with respect to said second electrode to thereby maintain energy between the first and second electrodes; optical input switching means optically connected to input ends of the first optical waveguides of said devices for switching said multiplexed signals from said common incoming optical medium to a selected one of said optical bistable devices in response to said switching instruction; optical biasing means optically connected to the input ends of said first optical waveguides for providing optical bias light to each of said bistable devices to individually store said signals therein; and optical output switching means optically connected to output ends of the first optical waveguides of said devices for selectively switching said stored signals from said optical bistable devices to said outgoing optical medium in re-sponse to said switching instruction.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57-208873 | 1982-11-29 | ||
| JP20887382A JPS5999855A (en) | 1982-11-29 | 1982-11-29 | Time division optical exchange |
| JP57-216708 | 1982-12-10 | ||
| JP21670882A JPS59107675A (en) | 1982-12-10 | 1982-12-10 | Time division optical exchange |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1206633A true CA1206633A (en) | 1986-06-24 |
Family
ID=26517096
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000442179A Expired CA1206633A (en) | 1982-11-29 | 1983-11-29 | Optical time-division switching system employing optical bistable devices |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4608682A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0110388B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1206633A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3374040D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6139643A (en) * | 1984-07-30 | 1986-02-25 | Nec Corp | Light transmitting device |
| JPS6183515A (en) * | 1984-09-18 | 1986-04-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Light guide circuit unit |
| WO1986005309A1 (en) * | 1985-03-07 | 1986-09-12 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Signal generation |
| CA1284904C (en) * | 1986-01-31 | 1991-06-18 | Kazuo Hajikano | Optical space switch |
| JPS62206996A (en) * | 1986-03-07 | 1987-09-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Light replacing method and device therefor |
| US4736462A (en) * | 1986-03-20 | 1988-04-05 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Photonic switching |
| US4775971A (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1988-10-04 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical communication system |
| GB8612956D0 (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1986-07-02 | British Telecomm | Optical signal regenerator |
| US4766588A (en) * | 1986-09-29 | 1988-08-23 | The Boeing Company | Multiplexer and demultiplexer comprising optical switches and common electrodes |
| JPH0636621B2 (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1994-05-11 | 日本電気株式会社 | Optical switch |
| GB8629871D0 (en) * | 1986-12-15 | 1987-01-28 | British Telecomm | Optical switch |
| US4878215A (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1989-10-31 | Telenex Corporation | Signal switching system |
| US4823403A (en) * | 1987-03-26 | 1989-04-18 | Switch Tech, Inc. | System for optically transmitting data between circuit packs, such as printed circuit boards |
| GB2214746B (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1992-05-06 | Plessey Co Plc | Optical interconnection |
| JP2595025B2 (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1997-03-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | High-speed packet switching equipment using space division type switches |
| US4922479A (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-05-01 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Optical time slot interchanger using one-bit memory cells |
| US4991920A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1991-02-12 | Andrzej Peczalski | Optical converter |
| US4934775A (en) * | 1989-01-18 | 1990-06-19 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Optical space switches using cascaded coupled-waveguide optical gate arrays |
| US5764821A (en) * | 1994-02-06 | 1998-06-09 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Large capacity local access network |
| JPH09181774A (en) * | 1995-12-23 | 1997-07-11 | Nec Corp | Optical switch device and optical switch control system |
| EP1126739A1 (en) * | 2000-02-15 | 2001-08-22 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method of and arrangement for buffering digital optical signals |
| EP1206060A1 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-15 | Redfern Broadband Networks Inc. | Multiplexer structure |
| US6731830B2 (en) | 2001-01-05 | 2004-05-04 | Redfern Broadband Networks, Inc. | Asymmetric compatible network element |
| GB0123640D0 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2003-04-09 | Matra Bae Dynamics Uk Ltd | Multiple pulse generation |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3604936A (en) * | 1968-08-20 | 1971-09-14 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Optical time division switching system |
| US3849604A (en) * | 1973-09-28 | 1974-11-19 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Time-slot interchanger for time division multiplex system utilizing organ arrays of optical fibers |
| JPS5465410A (en) * | 1977-11-04 | 1979-05-26 | Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd | Exchange using magnetic domain |
| DE3045606C2 (en) * | 1980-12-03 | 1984-04-05 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Circuit arrangement for time division multiplex telecommunications switching systems for multi-channel connections |
| JPS5852893A (en) * | 1981-09-25 | 1983-03-29 | Univ Tohoku | Laser function device |
-
1983
- 1983-11-29 EP EP83111979A patent/EP0110388B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-29 DE DE8383111979T patent/DE3374040D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-29 US US06/555,927 patent/US4608682A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-11-29 CA CA000442179A patent/CA1206633A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0110388A1 (en) | 1984-06-13 |
| EP0110388B1 (en) | 1987-10-07 |
| US4608682A (en) | 1986-08-26 |
| DE3374040D1 (en) | 1987-11-12 |
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