CA1196716A - Mass and velocity flowmeter - Google Patents
Mass and velocity flowmeterInfo
- Publication number
- CA1196716A CA1196716A CA000424578A CA424578A CA1196716A CA 1196716 A CA1196716 A CA 1196716A CA 000424578 A CA000424578 A CA 000424578A CA 424578 A CA424578 A CA 424578A CA 1196716 A CA1196716 A CA 1196716A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- transducers
- flow
- signal
- velocity
- conduit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
- G01F1/86—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
Abstract
MASS AND VELOCITY FLOWMETER
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A device is disclosed for measuring the mass and velocity of a fluid flowing in a conduit, in a flow direction, which comprises a pair of signal transducer arrays each disposed at planes extending through the conduit and spaced in the flow direction. Each transducer of each array is adapted to transmit a signal and receive all signals of all other transducers so that a variety of signal paths are established through the flow both transversely to the flow and in the flow direction.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A device is disclosed for measuring the mass and velocity of a fluid flowing in a conduit, in a flow direction, which comprises a pair of signal transducer arrays each disposed at planes extending through the conduit and spaced in the flow direction. Each transducer of each array is adapted to transmit a signal and receive all signals of all other transducers so that a variety of signal paths are established through the flow both transversely to the flow and in the flow direction.
Description
~9~716 Gase 446 MASS AND VELOCITY FLOWM~T~R
FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates in general to flot~meters and in particular to a new and useful flowmeter which is capable of measuring both mass and velocity, despite non-uniform flow and density profiles.
The least complex acoustic (ultrasonic) flow meter uses a single pair of transducers in the flow to be measured, one upstream and one downstream. These alternately send and receive. The difference in transit time between the upstream direction and the downstream direction is related to the flow velocity. One of the shortcomings of this technique is that the flow is not uniEorm across a pipe or conduit. The single pair flo~meter requires a correction factor based on assumed flow distribution.
Multiple pairs of transducers are used in some flowmeters to allow summation of flows over the individual paths. This still requires assumptions about the flow profiles. Elaborate numerical integration schemes are used to make corrections.
These flowmeters give only velocity flow. Mass flow may be computed knowing the flow pattern and the density of the fluid invol~ed. Problems arise, however, when the density is not uniform in space and~or time.
Density is measured by several techni~ues, including signal attenuation (e.g. gamma, acousticl or optical), capacitance, etc. The attenuation and capacitance measurements are affected by uneven distributions.
~ ass flow can be measured by using a momentum/
stress conversion, but this is difficul~ to implement since it requires a special curved conduit, and other measures.
References which are pertinent in understanding the invention arP U.S. Patent 4,109,523 to Teyssandier;
.S. Patent 4,024,760 to Estraea Jr., ~.S. Patent 3,940,985 to Wyler; and U.S. Patent 3,778,614 to Hounsfield. These 20 patents all disclose rlow measuring techniques which utilize various irradiated signals such as sound and electromagnetic signals.
Other pertinent references are:
Scudder, ~enry J., '`Introduction to Computer Aided Tomography", Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume 66, No. 6, ~une 1978. Pages 628-637;, Mersereau, R.M., "Digital Reconstruction of Multidimensional Signals from their Projections",Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume 62, No. 10, October 1974. Pages 1319-1338; and ~g~ 6 Raptis, et al., "Instrumentation for Process Control by Acoustic Techniques in Coal Conversion Plants", Proceedings of 1979 JACC, Pages 437-442.
SU~qARY OF THE INVENTIO~
The present invention is drawn to a device for measuring both mass and velocity of a flowing fluid.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a device for measuring mass and velocity of fluid flowing in a con-duit in a flow direction which comprises a first plurality of signal transmitting and receiving transducers in a first plane passing through the conduit and across the flow direction, said first plurality of signal transmitting and receiving transducers in a second plane passing through the conduit and across the flow direction at a position down-stream of said first plane in the flow direetion, and cir-euit means conneeted to all of said first and second plurality of transducers for applying a signal to each of the first and second plurality of transducers, and for processing a signal received by each of said first and second plurality in transducers from each other of said first and second plurality of transducers.
A further feature of the invention is to provide the first and second planes perpendicular to the flow direction.
A still further feature of the present invention is to provide at least four signal transducers at each of the first and second planes.
71~i Another feature of the invention is to provlde a method of measuring mass and velocity in a fluid flowing in a conduit having first and second pluralities of signal transmitting and receiving transducers at first and second planes extending across the conduit at spaced locations in the flow direction, comprising applying a signal to each of the transducers for transmission from each of the trans~
ducers and receiving a transmitted signal by each of the transducers by each other of the transducers.
The invention also provides a device for measuring mass and velocity in a flowing medium which is simple in design, rugged in construction and economical to manufacture.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure.
For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descrip-tive matter, in which a preferred embodiment of the inven tion is illustrated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a conduit for receiving a flow of fluid having transducers disposed therearound and a circuit in accordanoe with the invention;
and Fig. 2 provides a block diagram of the send/receive electronics for an individual transducer. One such assembly is included, in 100 of Fig. 1, for each transducer in the system.
~6~6 DESCRIPTI()N OF THE PRl~Fl~:RP.F.D F.MBODI~IENT
Referring to Fip" 1 in particular, the invention em-bodies comprises a device for measurin~ the mass and velocity of a fluid ~lowing in a flow direction 50, in a conduit 40~
Tranducer arrays 10, 12 are located on the circumfer-ence of both ends of a short lenDth of the .flow conduit 14.
Each transducer 20 to 27 "talks" to every other transducer in both arrays, giving multi~le passes through incremental volumes of thefluid moving in the direction of arrow 50 Differences ~i.n transit times between 2 sensor in one set and a sensor in the other set give the fluid velocity in that Dath. Attenuation characteristics give the density. Typically, density would be determined within the cross section 32 or 34 within either s~t of transducers 10 or 12 ~arrows 40) and velocuty for the volume defined between the two sets of transducers (arrows 423.
The equation of the ~elocities and attenuations for the many paths contain multi~le measurements of each element of flow These are tyDically solved usin~ matrix inversion ~ techni~ues in a dedicated microcomputer to give the velocity and mass flow.
This technique will gi~e detailed flow pat~erns includin~ the laminar or turbulent characteristic of the flow since it is a three dimensional measurement. See for exam~le the Scudder article in IEEE, cited above.
i71~
The technique used in ComPuter-Aided-TomograPhy (CAT) can be used in conjunction with multiple path acoustic sensor combinations to provide a velocity measurement with a spatial distribution. Information on density 'distribution c~n be obtained by using attenuation measurements for the multipath acoustic sensors or for other source/sensor combinations as gamma ray, optical capacitance, etc.
The product of the velocuty distribution with the density distribution ~ives a very good measure of the mass flow.
According to a preferred embodiment o the inven~ion, transducers 20 to 27 are ultrasonic sugnal transmitting/receiving units which are each connected to a sound generating/sound analyzing circuit 100. Each transducer emits a sPecial signal which is in time se~uence with the others. A transducer is pulsed and all the received signals on the remaining units are processed for timing and received amplitude. Then this is repeat-ed by pulsing the others in sequence until all have been acti-cated. The data thus obtained is stored in memory for the calcula-2Q tion process.
Fig. 2 shows the electronics associated with an indi=vidual sensor.. The circuit receives a pulse command and the pulser sends a pulse to the transducer. The receiving circuit is deactivated when its channel~is' being puls'e~ hen another--circuit (or transducer) is being pulsed, a pulse timing signalis received. This starts a timer in the timing sense circuit.
The received signal stops the timer. The timer then provides an output propor~ional to the transit time of the pulse to that ~6'716 sensor. The sample and hold circuit detects and stores the ampli-tude of the received signal, which is then converted to digital form by an analog to digital converter and stored in the micro-computer's memory. The timing signal is also stored by the microcomputer in its memory. The plurality of channels are stored in memory and the next transducer is pulsed.
The speed of the electronics and acoustic transmis-sion is fast enough relative to the flow velocity that sequential-ly pulsing and storing essentially gives a stationary ~icture of the flow.
~ 1hile a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described in detail to illustrate the ap~lication of the principles of th~ invention, it will be understood that the invent~on may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
I
FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates in general to flot~meters and in particular to a new and useful flowmeter which is capable of measuring both mass and velocity, despite non-uniform flow and density profiles.
The least complex acoustic (ultrasonic) flow meter uses a single pair of transducers in the flow to be measured, one upstream and one downstream. These alternately send and receive. The difference in transit time between the upstream direction and the downstream direction is related to the flow velocity. One of the shortcomings of this technique is that the flow is not uniEorm across a pipe or conduit. The single pair flo~meter requires a correction factor based on assumed flow distribution.
Multiple pairs of transducers are used in some flowmeters to allow summation of flows over the individual paths. This still requires assumptions about the flow profiles. Elaborate numerical integration schemes are used to make corrections.
These flowmeters give only velocity flow. Mass flow may be computed knowing the flow pattern and the density of the fluid invol~ed. Problems arise, however, when the density is not uniform in space and~or time.
Density is measured by several techni~ues, including signal attenuation (e.g. gamma, acousticl or optical), capacitance, etc. The attenuation and capacitance measurements are affected by uneven distributions.
~ ass flow can be measured by using a momentum/
stress conversion, but this is difficul~ to implement since it requires a special curved conduit, and other measures.
References which are pertinent in understanding the invention arP U.S. Patent 4,109,523 to Teyssandier;
.S. Patent 4,024,760 to Estraea Jr., ~.S. Patent 3,940,985 to Wyler; and U.S. Patent 3,778,614 to Hounsfield. These 20 patents all disclose rlow measuring techniques which utilize various irradiated signals such as sound and electromagnetic signals.
Other pertinent references are:
Scudder, ~enry J., '`Introduction to Computer Aided Tomography", Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume 66, No. 6, ~une 1978. Pages 628-637;, Mersereau, R.M., "Digital Reconstruction of Multidimensional Signals from their Projections",Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume 62, No. 10, October 1974. Pages 1319-1338; and ~g~ 6 Raptis, et al., "Instrumentation for Process Control by Acoustic Techniques in Coal Conversion Plants", Proceedings of 1979 JACC, Pages 437-442.
SU~qARY OF THE INVENTIO~
The present invention is drawn to a device for measuring both mass and velocity of a flowing fluid.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a device for measuring mass and velocity of fluid flowing in a con-duit in a flow direction which comprises a first plurality of signal transmitting and receiving transducers in a first plane passing through the conduit and across the flow direction, said first plurality of signal transmitting and receiving transducers in a second plane passing through the conduit and across the flow direction at a position down-stream of said first plane in the flow direetion, and cir-euit means conneeted to all of said first and second plurality of transducers for applying a signal to each of the first and second plurality of transducers, and for processing a signal received by each of said first and second plurality in transducers from each other of said first and second plurality of transducers.
A further feature of the invention is to provide the first and second planes perpendicular to the flow direction.
A still further feature of the present invention is to provide at least four signal transducers at each of the first and second planes.
71~i Another feature of the invention is to provlde a method of measuring mass and velocity in a fluid flowing in a conduit having first and second pluralities of signal transmitting and receiving transducers at first and second planes extending across the conduit at spaced locations in the flow direction, comprising applying a signal to each of the transducers for transmission from each of the trans~
ducers and receiving a transmitted signal by each of the transducers by each other of the transducers.
The invention also provides a device for measuring mass and velocity in a flowing medium which is simple in design, rugged in construction and economical to manufacture.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure.
For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descrip-tive matter, in which a preferred embodiment of the inven tion is illustrated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a conduit for receiving a flow of fluid having transducers disposed therearound and a circuit in accordanoe with the invention;
and Fig. 2 provides a block diagram of the send/receive electronics for an individual transducer. One such assembly is included, in 100 of Fig. 1, for each transducer in the system.
~6~6 DESCRIPTI()N OF THE PRl~Fl~:RP.F.D F.MBODI~IENT
Referring to Fip" 1 in particular, the invention em-bodies comprises a device for measurin~ the mass and velocity of a fluid ~lowing in a flow direction 50, in a conduit 40~
Tranducer arrays 10, 12 are located on the circumfer-ence of both ends of a short lenDth of the .flow conduit 14.
Each transducer 20 to 27 "talks" to every other transducer in both arrays, giving multi~le passes through incremental volumes of thefluid moving in the direction of arrow 50 Differences ~i.n transit times between 2 sensor in one set and a sensor in the other set give the fluid velocity in that Dath. Attenuation characteristics give the density. Typically, density would be determined within the cross section 32 or 34 within either s~t of transducers 10 or 12 ~arrows 40) and velocuty for the volume defined between the two sets of transducers (arrows 423.
The equation of the ~elocities and attenuations for the many paths contain multi~le measurements of each element of flow These are tyDically solved usin~ matrix inversion ~ techni~ues in a dedicated microcomputer to give the velocity and mass flow.
This technique will gi~e detailed flow pat~erns includin~ the laminar or turbulent characteristic of the flow since it is a three dimensional measurement. See for exam~le the Scudder article in IEEE, cited above.
i71~
The technique used in ComPuter-Aided-TomograPhy (CAT) can be used in conjunction with multiple path acoustic sensor combinations to provide a velocity measurement with a spatial distribution. Information on density 'distribution c~n be obtained by using attenuation measurements for the multipath acoustic sensors or for other source/sensor combinations as gamma ray, optical capacitance, etc.
The product of the velocuty distribution with the density distribution ~ives a very good measure of the mass flow.
According to a preferred embodiment o the inven~ion, transducers 20 to 27 are ultrasonic sugnal transmitting/receiving units which are each connected to a sound generating/sound analyzing circuit 100. Each transducer emits a sPecial signal which is in time se~uence with the others. A transducer is pulsed and all the received signals on the remaining units are processed for timing and received amplitude. Then this is repeat-ed by pulsing the others in sequence until all have been acti-cated. The data thus obtained is stored in memory for the calcula-2Q tion process.
Fig. 2 shows the electronics associated with an indi=vidual sensor.. The circuit receives a pulse command and the pulser sends a pulse to the transducer. The receiving circuit is deactivated when its channel~is' being puls'e~ hen another--circuit (or transducer) is being pulsed, a pulse timing signalis received. This starts a timer in the timing sense circuit.
The received signal stops the timer. The timer then provides an output propor~ional to the transit time of the pulse to that ~6'716 sensor. The sample and hold circuit detects and stores the ampli-tude of the received signal, which is then converted to digital form by an analog to digital converter and stored in the micro-computer's memory. The timing signal is also stored by the microcomputer in its memory. The plurality of channels are stored in memory and the next transducer is pulsed.
The speed of the electronics and acoustic transmis-sion is fast enough relative to the flow velocity that sequential-ly pulsing and storing essentially gives a stationary ~icture of the flow.
~ 1hile a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described in detail to illustrate the ap~lication of the principles of th~ invention, it will be understood that the invent~on may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
I
Claims
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of measuring mass flow in a fluid flowing in a conduit in a flow direction, with a first plurality of signal transmitting and receiving transducers distributed in a first plane passing through the conduit and across the flow direction, and a second plurality of signal transmitting and receiving transducers distributed in a second plane passing through the conduit and across the flow direction downstream of said first plane, comprising:
applying a signal to each of said transducers to be transmitted through the fluid;
receiving each signal of each transducer using each other transducer;
measuring the attenuation of the signals between the first plane transducers to determine the density of the fluid;
measuring the difference in signal transit times down-stream and back transducers in said first plurality of transducers and transducers in said second plurality of transducers to determine the velocity of the fluid; and utilizing the velocity measurement and the density measurement to determine the mass flow of the fluid.
applying a signal to each of said transducers to be transmitted through the fluid;
receiving each signal of each transducer using each other transducer;
measuring the attenuation of the signals between the first plane transducers to determine the density of the fluid;
measuring the difference in signal transit times down-stream and back transducers in said first plurality of transducers and transducers in said second plurality of transducers to determine the velocity of the fluid; and utilizing the velocity measurement and the density measurement to determine the mass flow of the fluid.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/372,369 US4462261A (en) | 1982-04-27 | 1982-04-27 | Mass and velocity flowmeter |
| US06/372,369 | 1982-04-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1196716A true CA1196716A (en) | 1985-11-12 |
Family
ID=23467840
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000424578A Expired CA1196716A (en) | 1982-04-27 | 1983-03-25 | Mass and velocity flowmeter |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4462261A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS58195122A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1196716A (en) |
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5114777B2 (en) | 1985-08-05 | 1997-11-18 | Wangner Systems Corp | Woven multilayer papermaking fabric having increased stability and permeability and method |
| SE467552B (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1992-08-03 | Jerker Delsing | SETTING AND DEVICE MEASURING THE SUBSTANCE FLOW M OF A FLUIDIUM |
| US5228347A (en) * | 1991-10-18 | 1993-07-20 | Ore International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring flow by using phase advance |
| US5343760A (en) * | 1992-07-09 | 1994-09-06 | General Motors Corporation | Gas concentration and flow rate sensor |
| TW283763B (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1996-08-21 | Caldon Inc | |
| DE19535846C2 (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1997-06-26 | Inst Automation Und Kommunikat | Method and device for measuring the mass flow of flowing liquid media |
| KR0170815B1 (en) * | 1996-05-27 | 1999-05-01 | 남상용 | Ultrasonic multi circuit flowmeter |
| US6009761A (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 2000-01-04 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Multiproduct fuel dispenser using ultrasonic metering |
| US6158289A (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 2000-12-12 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Multiple orifice ultrasonic meter for measuring flow of specific grades of fuel |
| US6189390B1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 2001-02-20 | Compliance Instrument, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring gas velocity or other flow characteristic |
| FR2781047B1 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-09-01 | Faure Herman | MULTI-CORD ULTRASONIC FLOW METER |
| DE10158947A1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-12 | Sick Ag | Fluid flow speed sensor has several ultrasonic paths in one plane |
| DE10248593A1 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-04-29 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag, Reinach | flowmeter |
| RU2264602C1 (en) | 2004-04-12 | 2005-11-20 | Деревягин Александр Михайлович | Ultrasound method for measuring flow of liquid and/or gaseous substances and device for realization of said method |
| KR100793448B1 (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2008-01-14 | 교세라 가부시키가이샤 | Container device and device for providing information |
| JP4764064B2 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2011-08-31 | トキコテクノ株式会社 | Ultrasonic flow meter |
| DE102005045485A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 | 2007-04-12 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Method for system and / or process monitoring in an ultrasonic flowmeter |
| US8336394B2 (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2012-12-25 | Metering & Technology Sas | Device for measuring the flow rate of a fluid flowing in a pipe |
| MX2012002121A (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2012-06-19 | Rubicon Res Pty Ltd | Flow meter assembly, gate assemblies and methods of flow measurement. |
| GB2521661A (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-01 | Xsens As | Apparatus and method for measuring flow |
| US9304024B2 (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2016-04-05 | Cameron International Corporation | Acoustic flow measurement device including a plurality of chordal planes each having a plurality of axial velocity measurements using transducer pairs |
| AU2015294885B2 (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2020-06-18 | Gwf Messsysteme Ag | Improved signal travel time flow meter |
| US20170074698A1 (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-16 | Honeywell International Inc. | Ultrasonic meter for measuring gas at smaller dimensions |
| EP3571476B1 (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2023-04-19 | Rubicon Research Pty Ltd | Flow measurement |
| CN107748056B (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2024-03-12 | 飞翼股份有限公司 | Device and method for testing critical flow velocity of tailings |
| EP3489634B1 (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2020-08-05 | Levitronix GmbH | Ultrasonic measuring device and method for the ultrasonic measurement of a flowing fluid |
| US11274952B2 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2022-03-15 | Levitronix Gmbh | Ultrasonic measuring device for ultrasonic measurement on a flowing fluid |
| JP7010248B2 (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2022-01-26 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Fluid measuring device |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2966057A (en) * | 1956-04-30 | 1960-12-27 | Curtiss Wright Corp | Apparatus for measuring attenuation of ultrasonic energy |
| US4015470A (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1977-04-05 | Trw Inc. | Flow measuring method and apparatus |
| US4102186A (en) * | 1976-07-23 | 1978-07-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method and system for measuring flow rate |
| US4162630A (en) * | 1976-09-20 | 1979-07-31 | University Of Utah | Measurement and reconstruction of three-dimensional fluid flow |
| US4265125A (en) * | 1979-08-02 | 1981-05-05 | Mahany Richard J | Flowmeter method and apparatus |
-
1982
- 1982-04-27 US US06/372,369 patent/US4462261A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1983
- 1983-03-25 CA CA000424578A patent/CA1196716A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-27 JP JP58073116A patent/JPS58195122A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0369052B2 (en) | 1991-10-30 |
| US4462261A (en) | 1984-07-31 |
| JPS58195122A (en) | 1983-11-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |