CA1189124A - Electrodeless ultraviolet light source - Google Patents
Electrodeless ultraviolet light sourceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1189124A CA1189124A CA000411477A CA411477A CA1189124A CA 1189124 A CA1189124 A CA 1189124A CA 000411477 A CA000411477 A CA 000411477A CA 411477 A CA411477 A CA 411477A CA 1189124 A CA1189124 A CA 1189124A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- high frequency
- frequency power
- fill material
- discharge apparatus
- accordance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
- H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
- H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
- H01J65/046—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by using capacitive means around the vessel
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A source of ultraviolet radiation including an electrodeless lamp containing a metal iodide or iodine.
When the contents of the electrodeless lamp are excited by high frequency power, excited iodine atoms emit ultraviolet radiation.
A source of ultraviolet radiation including an electrodeless lamp containing a metal iodide or iodine.
When the contents of the electrodeless lamp are excited by high frequency power, excited iodine atoms emit ultraviolet radiation.
Description
D-22687 -1~
ELECTRODELESS ULTR;~VIC)Iær~ I,IGH:I:' SOURCE
This invention relates to electromagnetic discharge apparatus. ~ore particularly, it is concerned wi-th elec-trodeless ultravi.olet light sourcesO
Electrodeless light sources which operate by coupliny high frequency power to an arc dis~harge in an electrode-less lamp have been developed. These light sources typically include a high frequency powe:r source connected to a termination fixture wit.h an inner conduc-tor and an outer conductor disposed around the inner conductor. The electrodeless lamp is positioned adjacen-t to the end of the inner conductorO High frequency power i.s coupled to a light emitting electromagnetic discharge within the electrodeless lamp. A portion of the termination fixture passes radiation at the frequencies of the light produced, thus pe.rmitt.ing the use of the apparatus as a light source.
Accordi.ngly, the present invention provides an electromagnetic discharge apparatus comprising an electrodeless lamp having an envelope of a substance transparent to ul-traviolet radiation; a fill material selected from the group consisting of a metal iodide and iodine; and means for coupling high frequency power to th.e fill material within the envelope, whereby when high frequency power is applied, the fill material within the envelope is vaporized and excited producing ultraviolet .radiation.
The metal iodide or the iodine provides a source of iodine atoms which are excited to a high energy state when high frequency is applied. The excited iodine atoms emit ultraviolet radiati.on upon photon emission transition to a lower energy state. The ultravi.olet light produced during the photon emission transitiorl is at 206.2 nano-meters (nm). Metal iodides which have been found ~, part:icularly useful as a fill ma-terial are cadmium iodide and mercuric iodide. In addition to a metal iodide, the fill material desirably may include an inert buffer gas, for example, argon, xenon, neon, or nitrogen. The preferred frequencies for exc..Lting the fill material are those radio frequencies allocated for industrial, scien-tific, or medical usage ]Located at 13.56, 27.13, 40.68, 915, or 2450 MHz. However, useful frequencies lie within the range of from 1 MHz to 10 GHz.
Some embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is an energy level diagram for the iodine atom which illustrates the atomic energy states relevant to understanding the principles of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic representation o~ an electrode less radio frequency coupled discharge light source in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
and F.ig. 3 is a representation of an alternative form of an electrodeless discharge device in accordance with the present invention.
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages, and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following discussion and appended claims in connection with the above-described drawings.
One embodiment of an electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 2. The apparatus 10 includes an electrodeless lamp 11 containing a fill material 12.
The electrodeless lamp 11 is supported within a coupling fixture 13 which couples power from a high frequellcy D--22687 _3_ power source 14 -to the fill material of -the elec-trodeless lamp. The electrodeless lamp forms a termination load for the fixture.
The electrodeless lamp 11 has a sealecl envelope made of a suitable material which is transparent to ultraviolet radiation, for e~ample, fused silica or aluminum oxide.
The fill material 12 within the lamp en~Telope 11 in accor-dance with the present invention includes a metal iodide or iodine. The vapor pressure of the metal iodide or iodine is preferably less -than 1 torr. The metal iodide preferably may be either cadmium iodide or rnercuric iodide. A buffer gas such as argon, xenon, neon, or nitrogen at a pressure of Erom 1 to 50 torr, preferably about 2 torr, is added to the metal iodide fill.
The coupling fix-ture 13 inc]udes an inner conduc-tor 15 and an outer conduc-tor 16 disposed around the inner - conductor. The ou-ter conductor 16 includes a conductive mesh which acts as a conductor and provides shielding a-t the operating frequencies while permitting the passage of light radiated from the lamp 11. Th~ lamp 11 is supported between a first metal electrode 17 at one end of the inner conductor 15 and a second rnetal electrode 18 connected to the outer conductor 16. The other ends of -the inner and outer conductors are arranged in a coaxial configuration for coupling to the power source 14. In order to achieve electrodeless discharge it is necessary to employ RF power capable of penetrating the lamp envelope while being absorbed strongly in the low pressure discharge plasma contained therein. The power source 14 preferably is a source of continuous ~ave RF e~ci-tation in -the rancJe of from 902 to 928 ~1Hz. Structural details of elec-tro-magnetic discharge apparatus as illus-trated sche~atically and as described herein are disclosed and claimed in application No. 41L,473-6 filed concurrently herewith by Joseph M. Proud, Robert K. Smith, and Charles N Fallier enti-tled "E:Lec-tromagnetic Discharge Apparatus."
D-22687 ~~_ When high frequency power is applied to an electrode-less lamp 11 contalning d me1al iodicle or iodine, a dis~
charge is initia-ted in the bufEer gas or iodine vapor which warms the contents of the lamp causing an increase in vapor pressure in the fill material. The fill material is thus vaporized and excited. Optical emission is dominantly from excited iodine atoms which emit ultraviolet light at 206.2 nm. Of course, additional emissions will be produced in the visible and ultraviolet portions of the spectrum from radiative transitions in I, I2, H~I2, HgI, Cd, CdI2, CdI, etc., depending on the composition of the fill material. The electrodeless lamp envelope 11 and conductors 17 and 18 are designed for a given power input to maintain an optimum pressure of metal iodide or iodine within the range of 10 3 to 100 torr for continuous opera-tion~ More than 10~ of the applied RF power can be converted to ultraviolet light.
The energy levels involved in the emission oE radia-tion at 206.2 nm from an iodine atom are illustrated in the energy level diagram of Fig. 1 The iodine atom is excited to the 6s 2P3/2state which lies about 56000cm above the ground state, which is 5P 3/2 Radiation at 206~2 nm results from a photon emission transition of the excited iodine atom in the 6s 2p3/~ state to a low lying intermediate metastable state, 5P 1/2' which lies 7600 cm above the ground state. The degree of absorp-tion of atomic radiation per unit path length is propor-tional to the number density o~ atoms in the lowest atomic energy level involved in the transition which will be encountered in a unit path length. Thus, the absorption of 206.2 nm radiation will be dependent upon the number of iodine atoms in -the metastable 5p P 1/2 state. Reabsorp-tion of the radiation may result in an energy wasteful radiationless process. Xf the metastable 5p P 1/2 sta-te 3S is quenched or depopulated by collision processes, then absorp-tion of radiation can be minimized, enhancing the e:Eiciency of -the liyht source. The presence of the buffer D-226~7 -5--gas greatly fac~litates the collision depopulation orquenching process.
Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of an alternative embodimen-t of an electromagnetic discharge apparatus 25 in accordance with the present invention. The apparatus 25 includes an electrodeless lamp 26 having an envelope in the shape of a reentrant cylinder providing a generally annular discharge region ~7. The fill material oE the lamp includes a metal iodide or iodine as described hereinabove with respect to the embodiment of FigO 2.
The RE' coupliny arrangement includes a cen-ter e:Lectrode 29 disposed within the internal reentrant cavity in the envelope 26. An outer conductive mesh 30 surrounds the envelope 26 providing an outer electrode which is trans-parent to radiation from the lamp. The center elec-trode 29 and outer mesh 30 are coupled by a suitable coaxia:L arrangement 31 to a high frequency power source 32. A radio fre~uency electric field is produced between the center electrode 29 and the outer mesh 30 causing ionization and brea~down of the fill material.
Ultraviolet radiation at 206.2 nm is produced by the resulting glow discharge within the lamp as explained previously. Specific details of the structure of appar-atus of this general type are shown in U.S. Patent No.
4,266,167 which issued May 5, 1981, -to Joseph M. Proud and Donald H. Baird, entitled "Compact Fluorescent Light 50urce and Method of Excitation Thereof."
Thus, there is provided an electromagnetic discharge apparatus employing an electrodeless lamp as a source of ultra~iolet radiation. The electrodeless lamp includes no metallic elemen-ts within the envelope. Thus the me-tal iodides which are chemically very active are no-t in contact with any material with which they might reac-t.
The use of a metal iodide as the source of iodine atoms within the discharge envelope has the advan-tage of providing an easy starting discharge. The iodine vapor is effec-tively scavenged by the meta:L iodide ~olecules so tha-t -there are few atoms or molecules in the vapors of an extincJuished device which will attach electrons genera-ted in the starting procedure. The discharge once star-ted warms the lamp sufficiently to vaporize enough of the metal .iodide to supply an iodine rich emission spectrum in the ultraviolet.
While there has been shown and described what are considered preferred embodiments of the present inven-1~ -tiont it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made -therein withou-t departing from the invention as defined by -the appended claims.
ELECTRODELESS ULTR;~VIC)Iær~ I,IGH:I:' SOURCE
This invention relates to electromagnetic discharge apparatus. ~ore particularly, it is concerned wi-th elec-trodeless ultravi.olet light sourcesO
Electrodeless light sources which operate by coupliny high frequency power to an arc dis~harge in an electrode-less lamp have been developed. These light sources typically include a high frequency powe:r source connected to a termination fixture wit.h an inner conduc-tor and an outer conductor disposed around the inner conductor. The electrodeless lamp is positioned adjacen-t to the end of the inner conductorO High frequency power i.s coupled to a light emitting electromagnetic discharge within the electrodeless lamp. A portion of the termination fixture passes radiation at the frequencies of the light produced, thus pe.rmitt.ing the use of the apparatus as a light source.
Accordi.ngly, the present invention provides an electromagnetic discharge apparatus comprising an electrodeless lamp having an envelope of a substance transparent to ul-traviolet radiation; a fill material selected from the group consisting of a metal iodide and iodine; and means for coupling high frequency power to th.e fill material within the envelope, whereby when high frequency power is applied, the fill material within the envelope is vaporized and excited producing ultraviolet .radiation.
The metal iodide or the iodine provides a source of iodine atoms which are excited to a high energy state when high frequency is applied. The excited iodine atoms emit ultraviolet radiati.on upon photon emission transition to a lower energy state. The ultravi.olet light produced during the photon emission transitiorl is at 206.2 nano-meters (nm). Metal iodides which have been found ~, part:icularly useful as a fill ma-terial are cadmium iodide and mercuric iodide. In addition to a metal iodide, the fill material desirably may include an inert buffer gas, for example, argon, xenon, neon, or nitrogen. The preferred frequencies for exc..Lting the fill material are those radio frequencies allocated for industrial, scien-tific, or medical usage ]Located at 13.56, 27.13, 40.68, 915, or 2450 MHz. However, useful frequencies lie within the range of from 1 MHz to 10 GHz.
Some embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is an energy level diagram for the iodine atom which illustrates the atomic energy states relevant to understanding the principles of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic representation o~ an electrode less radio frequency coupled discharge light source in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
and F.ig. 3 is a representation of an alternative form of an electrodeless discharge device in accordance with the present invention.
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages, and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following discussion and appended claims in connection with the above-described drawings.
One embodiment of an electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 2. The apparatus 10 includes an electrodeless lamp 11 containing a fill material 12.
The electrodeless lamp 11 is supported within a coupling fixture 13 which couples power from a high frequellcy D--22687 _3_ power source 14 -to the fill material of -the elec-trodeless lamp. The electrodeless lamp forms a termination load for the fixture.
The electrodeless lamp 11 has a sealecl envelope made of a suitable material which is transparent to ultraviolet radiation, for e~ample, fused silica or aluminum oxide.
The fill material 12 within the lamp en~Telope 11 in accor-dance with the present invention includes a metal iodide or iodine. The vapor pressure of the metal iodide or iodine is preferably less -than 1 torr. The metal iodide preferably may be either cadmium iodide or rnercuric iodide. A buffer gas such as argon, xenon, neon, or nitrogen at a pressure of Erom 1 to 50 torr, preferably about 2 torr, is added to the metal iodide fill.
The coupling fix-ture 13 inc]udes an inner conduc-tor 15 and an outer conduc-tor 16 disposed around the inner - conductor. The ou-ter conductor 16 includes a conductive mesh which acts as a conductor and provides shielding a-t the operating frequencies while permitting the passage of light radiated from the lamp 11. Th~ lamp 11 is supported between a first metal electrode 17 at one end of the inner conductor 15 and a second rnetal electrode 18 connected to the outer conductor 16. The other ends of -the inner and outer conductors are arranged in a coaxial configuration for coupling to the power source 14. In order to achieve electrodeless discharge it is necessary to employ RF power capable of penetrating the lamp envelope while being absorbed strongly in the low pressure discharge plasma contained therein. The power source 14 preferably is a source of continuous ~ave RF e~ci-tation in -the rancJe of from 902 to 928 ~1Hz. Structural details of elec-tro-magnetic discharge apparatus as illus-trated sche~atically and as described herein are disclosed and claimed in application No. 41L,473-6 filed concurrently herewith by Joseph M. Proud, Robert K. Smith, and Charles N Fallier enti-tled "E:Lec-tromagnetic Discharge Apparatus."
D-22687 ~~_ When high frequency power is applied to an electrode-less lamp 11 contalning d me1al iodicle or iodine, a dis~
charge is initia-ted in the bufEer gas or iodine vapor which warms the contents of the lamp causing an increase in vapor pressure in the fill material. The fill material is thus vaporized and excited. Optical emission is dominantly from excited iodine atoms which emit ultraviolet light at 206.2 nm. Of course, additional emissions will be produced in the visible and ultraviolet portions of the spectrum from radiative transitions in I, I2, H~I2, HgI, Cd, CdI2, CdI, etc., depending on the composition of the fill material. The electrodeless lamp envelope 11 and conductors 17 and 18 are designed for a given power input to maintain an optimum pressure of metal iodide or iodine within the range of 10 3 to 100 torr for continuous opera-tion~ More than 10~ of the applied RF power can be converted to ultraviolet light.
The energy levels involved in the emission oE radia-tion at 206.2 nm from an iodine atom are illustrated in the energy level diagram of Fig. 1 The iodine atom is excited to the 6s 2P3/2state which lies about 56000cm above the ground state, which is 5P 3/2 Radiation at 206~2 nm results from a photon emission transition of the excited iodine atom in the 6s 2p3/~ state to a low lying intermediate metastable state, 5P 1/2' which lies 7600 cm above the ground state. The degree of absorp-tion of atomic radiation per unit path length is propor-tional to the number density o~ atoms in the lowest atomic energy level involved in the transition which will be encountered in a unit path length. Thus, the absorption of 206.2 nm radiation will be dependent upon the number of iodine atoms in -the metastable 5p P 1/2 state. Reabsorp-tion of the radiation may result in an energy wasteful radiationless process. Xf the metastable 5p P 1/2 sta-te 3S is quenched or depopulated by collision processes, then absorp-tion of radiation can be minimized, enhancing the e:Eiciency of -the liyht source. The presence of the buffer D-226~7 -5--gas greatly fac~litates the collision depopulation orquenching process.
Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of an alternative embodimen-t of an electromagnetic discharge apparatus 25 in accordance with the present invention. The apparatus 25 includes an electrodeless lamp 26 having an envelope in the shape of a reentrant cylinder providing a generally annular discharge region ~7. The fill material oE the lamp includes a metal iodide or iodine as described hereinabove with respect to the embodiment of FigO 2.
The RE' coupliny arrangement includes a cen-ter e:Lectrode 29 disposed within the internal reentrant cavity in the envelope 26. An outer conductive mesh 30 surrounds the envelope 26 providing an outer electrode which is trans-parent to radiation from the lamp. The center elec-trode 29 and outer mesh 30 are coupled by a suitable coaxia:L arrangement 31 to a high frequency power source 32. A radio fre~uency electric field is produced between the center electrode 29 and the outer mesh 30 causing ionization and brea~down of the fill material.
Ultraviolet radiation at 206.2 nm is produced by the resulting glow discharge within the lamp as explained previously. Specific details of the structure of appar-atus of this general type are shown in U.S. Patent No.
4,266,167 which issued May 5, 1981, -to Joseph M. Proud and Donald H. Baird, entitled "Compact Fluorescent Light 50urce and Method of Excitation Thereof."
Thus, there is provided an electromagnetic discharge apparatus employing an electrodeless lamp as a source of ultra~iolet radiation. The electrodeless lamp includes no metallic elemen-ts within the envelope. Thus the me-tal iodides which are chemically very active are no-t in contact with any material with which they might reac-t.
The use of a metal iodide as the source of iodine atoms within the discharge envelope has the advan-tage of providing an easy starting discharge. The iodine vapor is effec-tively scavenged by the meta:L iodide ~olecules so tha-t -there are few atoms or molecules in the vapors of an extincJuished device which will attach electrons genera-ted in the starting procedure. The discharge once star-ted warms the lamp sufficiently to vaporize enough of the metal .iodide to supply an iodine rich emission spectrum in the ultraviolet.
While there has been shown and described what are considered preferred embodiments of the present inven-1~ -tiont it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made -therein withou-t departing from the invention as defined by -the appended claims.
Claims (18)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus comprising an electrodeless lamp having an envelope of a substance transparent to ultraviolet radiation;
a fill material within said envelope consisting essentially of a metal iodide and an inert buffer gas; and means for coupling high frequency power to the fill material within the envelope whereby when high frequency power is applied, the fill.
material within the envelope is vaporized and excited producing ultraviolet radiation.
a fill material within said envelope consisting essentially of a metal iodide and an inert buffer gas; and means for coupling high frequency power to the fill material within the envelope whereby when high frequency power is applied, the fill.
material within the envelope is vaporized and excited producing ultraviolet radiation.
2. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said fill material consists essentially of a metal iodide selected from the group consisting of cadmium iodide and mercuric iodide, and an inert buffer gas.
3. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus comprising an electrodeless lamp having an envelope of a substance transparent to ultraviolet radiation;
a fill material within said envelope consisting essentially of iodine; and means for coupling high frequency power to the fill material within the envelope whereby when high frequency power is applied, the fill material within the envelope is vaporized and excited producing ultraviolet radiation.
a fill material within said envelope consisting essentially of iodine; and means for coupling high frequency power to the fill material within the envelope whereby when high frequency power is applied, the fill material within the envelope is vaporized and excited producing ultraviolet radiation.
4. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said fill material consists essentially of cadmium iodide and an inert buffer gas.
5. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said fill material consists essentially of mercuric iodide and an inert buffer gas.
6. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said means for coupling high frequency power to the fill material includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor disposed around the inner conductor, the conductors having means at one end adapted for coupling to a high frequency power source and means at the other end for coupling high frequency power to the electrodeless lamp.
7. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein said fill material consists essentially of a metal iodide selected from the group consisting of cadmium iodide and mercuric iodide, and an inert buffer gas.
8. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 7 wherein said fill material includes an inert buffer gas at a pressure of 1-50 torr.
9. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 8 wherein said fill material includes an inert buffer gas at a pressure of about 2 torr.
10. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 7 further including a source of high frequency power at a frequency between 1 MHz and 10 GHz coupled to said means at said one end of the conductors.
11. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus comprising an electrodeless lamp having an envelope of a substance transparent to ultraviolet radiation enclosing a fill material; and means for coupling high frequency power to the fill material within the envelope;
the fill material being selected from the group consisting of a source of iodine atoms which are excited to a high energy state when high frequency power is applied and which emit ultraviolet radiation by photon emission transition to a lower energy state together with an inert buffer gas, and a source of iodine atoms which are excited to a high energy state when high frequency power is applied and which emit ultraviolet radiation by photon emission transition to a lower energy state.
the fill material being selected from the group consisting of a source of iodine atoms which are excited to a high energy state when high frequency power is applied and which emit ultraviolet radiation by photon emission transition to a lower energy state together with an inert buffer gas, and a source of iodine atoms which are excited to a high energy state when high frequency power is applied and which emit ultraviolet radiation by photon emission transition to a lower energy state.
12. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 11 wherein the iodine atoms are excited to the 6s2 P3/2 state when high frequency power is applied, and emit ultraviolet radiation at 206.2 nanometers upon photon emission transition to the 5p5 2p° 1/2 metastable state.
13. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 12 wherein said fill material consists essentially of a metal iodide selected from the group consisting of cadmium iodide and mercuric iodide, and an inert buffer gas.
14. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 12 wherein said fill material consists essentially of iodine.
15. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 12 wherein said means for coupling high frequency power to the fill material includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor disposed around the inner conductor, the conductors having means at one end adapted for coupling to a high frequency power source and means at the other end for coupling high frequency power to the electrodeless lamp.
16. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 15 further including a source of high frequency power at a frequency between 1 MHz and 10 GHz coupled to said means at said one end of the conductors.
17. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 3 wherein said means for coupling high frequency power to the fill material includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor disposed around the inner conductor, the conductors having means at one end adapted for coupling to a high frequency power source and means at the other end for coupling high frequency power to the electrodeless lamp.
18. An electromagnetic discharge apparatus in accordance with claim 17 further including a source of high frequency power at a frequency between 1 MHz and 10 GHz coupled to said means at one end of the conductors.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US307,419 | 1981-10-01 | ||
| US06/307,419 US4427921A (en) | 1981-10-01 | 1981-10-01 | Electrodeless ultraviolet light source |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1189124A true CA1189124A (en) | 1985-06-18 |
Family
ID=23189682
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000411477A Expired CA1189124A (en) | 1981-10-01 | 1982-09-15 | Electrodeless ultraviolet light source |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4427921A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0076649A3 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1189124A (en) |
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| CH675178A5 (en) * | 1987-10-23 | 1990-08-31 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
| US4937503A (en) * | 1988-04-11 | 1990-06-26 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Fluorescent light source based on a phosphor excited by a molecular discharge |
| US4874984A (en) * | 1988-04-11 | 1989-10-17 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Fluorescent lamp based on a phosphor excited by a molecular discharge |
| US5003233A (en) * | 1989-01-03 | 1991-03-26 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Radio frequency powered large scale display |
| US5013976A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-05-07 | Gte Products Corporation | Electrodeless glow discharge lamp |
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| US5191460A (en) * | 1990-03-23 | 1993-03-02 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | UV source for high data rate secure communication |
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| US6130512A (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2000-10-10 | College Of William & Mary | Rf capacitively-coupled electrodeless light source |
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| USD747009S1 (en) | 2013-08-02 | 2016-01-05 | Lucidity Lights, Inc. | Inductive lamp |
| USD747507S1 (en) | 2013-08-02 | 2016-01-12 | Lucidity Lights, Inc. | Inductive lamp |
| USD854198S1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-16 | Lucidity Lights, Inc. | Inductive lamp |
| US10236174B1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-03-19 | Lucidity Lights, Inc. | Lumen maintenance in fluorescent lamps |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3319119A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1967-05-09 | Hewlett Packard Co | Metal vapor spectral lamp with mercury and a metal halide at subatmospheric pressure |
| US3453427A (en) * | 1966-05-27 | 1969-07-01 | Xerox Corp | Electric lamp for uniformly charging the photoconductive insulating layer of a xerographic plate |
| US3484640A (en) * | 1967-03-17 | 1969-12-16 | Gen Electric | Metal halide vapor photochemical light sources |
| FR2317766A1 (en) * | 1975-06-27 | 1977-02-04 | Original Hanau Quarzlampen | METAL HALOGENIDE DISCHARGE LAMP FOR CURING POLYMERIZABLE LACQUERS |
| US4070602A (en) * | 1976-10-18 | 1978-01-24 | General Electric Company | Spatially distributed windings to improve plasma coupling in induction ionized lamps |
| US4206387A (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1980-06-03 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Electrodeless light source having rare earth molecular continua |
-
1981
- 1981-10-01 US US06/307,419 patent/US4427921A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1982
- 1982-09-15 CA CA000411477A patent/CA1189124A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-30 EP EP82305191A patent/EP0076649A3/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4427921A (en) | 1984-01-24 |
| EP0076649A2 (en) | 1983-04-13 |
| EP0076649A3 (en) | 1983-10-26 |
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