CA1181689A - Material for sealing and healing of wounds - Google Patents

Material for sealing and healing of wounds

Info

Publication number
CA1181689A
CA1181689A CA000394076A CA394076A CA1181689A CA 1181689 A CA1181689 A CA 1181689A CA 000394076 A CA000394076 A CA 000394076A CA 394076 A CA394076 A CA 394076A CA 1181689 A CA1181689 A CA 1181689A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
thrombin
fibrinogen
component
collagen
collagen carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA000394076A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Eberhard Zimmermann
Ulrich Schiele
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hormon-Chemie Munchen GmbH
Original Assignee
Hormon-Chemie Munchen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hormon-Chemie Munchen GmbH filed Critical Hormon-Chemie Munchen GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1181689A publication Critical patent/CA1181689A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/32—Proteins, polypeptides; Degradation products or derivatives thereof, e.g. albumin, collagen, fibrin, gelatin
    • A61L15/325—Collagen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L24/00—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices
    • A61L24/04—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L24/10—Polypeptides; Proteins
    • A61L24/102—Collagen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L24/00—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices
    • A61L24/04—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L24/10—Polypeptides; Proteins
    • A61L24/106—Fibrin; Fibrinogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L2400/04—Materials for stopping bleeding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S602/00—Surgery: splint, brace, or bandage
    • Y10S602/90—Method of making bandage structure

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

A material for sealing and healing of wounds, comprising a collagen carrier which is coated on one face or all faces with a mixture of a fibrinogen component, containing fibrinogen and/or a fibrinogen with factor XIII, and a thrombin component, containing thrombin and/
or substances which liberate thrombin in the presence of body fluid, together with conventional additives, such as calcium ions, protease inhibitors, heparin anta-agonists, substances which promote the infiltration and growth of fibroblasts, such as fibronectin, as well as antibiotics and/or bactericides. To prepare the material, the fibrinogen component and thrombin component are suspended in a predominantly organic solvent, the suspension is applied to the collagen carrier and the solvent is evaporated. Alternatively, the collagen carrier can be moistened with the organic solvent or with a very small amount of water, and the clotting factors and additives can then be applied in solid form.

Description

Material ~or sealing and healing o~ wounds The inven-tion relates to a material ~or sealing and heallng of wounds~ cc~prising a collagen carrier9 a ~ibrinogen component and a t~ombin component~ and to a process for the preparation of -the material.
It is known that collagen, which i~ an essential protein o~ connective tlssuel may be used for the -treat-ment o~ wounds. Collagen can be isolated from~ for example, animal hides and sinews by physical and chemi-cal methods, can be modified by such methods, and canbe applied to a wound as a sheet~ web or ~oam o~ colla-gen ( British Paten~ 1 205 609~
Moreover, it is known that local stoppage of bleeding, and tissue bonding, can be achieved with blood clotting ~actors, such as ~ibrinogen, thrombin and blood clotting factor XIII.
The use of a combination of fibrinogen and colla-gen to stop bleeding in heart surgery has already been described in Wien.med.Wschr.7, 86 to 89 (1976)o Admittedly~ the use of this combination is time-consuming and expensive in mat~rial: freeze-dried human fibrinogen is warmed to 37C ~ applied to a colla-gen web and there caused to clot by addition of an aqueous solution of thrombin and an aqueous solution of fa~tor XIII, after which the collagen is pressed, with the face carrying the fibrin thus formed, onto the bleeding spot, However, it is difficult to find the right point in time for transferring -this material onto th~ wound. If it is transferred too early, the clotting factors run into areas where they are not desired, for example into blood vessels, whilst if the material is transferred too late, adequate conglutina-tion no longer takes place. In order to be able to react to unexpected hemorrhaging during surgery, it is necessary at all times to have reàdy a sufficiently large amount of fibrin-impregnated collagen, which is then often not used and must be thrown away.
The material for healing wounds which is described in UK Patent Applica~ion ~ 023 614 A and ~hlch comprises blood coagulation factor XIII and thrombin ~ixed per se cannot solve this problem, since the material does not contain the fibrinogen also needed for blood coagulation, so that the material is unsult-able for use in? for example9 consumpti~ coagulopathy~
We have now ~ound, surprisingly, a material which contains 9 alongside one another, all the constitu-ents required for blood clotting, whîch constituent~
how~ver only react with one another when the material is used, sothat this material can be stored in a ready~-to-use state ~or a lengthy period. This is possible if the factors required ~or blood clotting are applied to a collagen carrier in the prQsence of a medium consisting at least predominantly of an org~nic solvent, in which case the constituents a &ere surprisingly well to the collagen carrier even though fibrin formation has not yet started to a signi~icant extent9 if at allD
Accordingly9 the present invention relates to a material for sealing and healing of wounds~ which con-tains collagen and substances which cause blood clotting, and consists o~ a collagen carrier base, which is coated on one face or all faces with a mixture o~ a fibrinogen component containing fibrinogen, factor XIII-containing ~ibrinogen or mixtures thereof 9 and a thrombin component, containing thrombin, substances . which liberate thrombin in the presence of body fluid, or mix-tures of such substances, which mixture may moreover contain conventional additives, such as calcium ions 9 protease inhibitors, heparin antagonists, substances~
such as fibronectin, which promo-te the infiltration and growth of fibroblasts, as well as ~nti-infection medica-ments.
To prepare the material according to the in~en-~5 tion, various types of collagen can be used, such asnatural collagen or chemically modified collagen, for example crosslinked collagen, esterified collagen or collagen having modified amino groups.
The collagen carrier can be used in the form of .g r 79 ~ 3 ~
a ~oam, web or film, collagen foam being particularly preferredO
The fibrlnogen component employed can be animal or human fibrinogen~ advantageously in an amount of 0,05 to 20 mg/cm2, the range ~rom 0 5 to 5 mg/cm2 being particularly pre~erredO The flbrinogen can be hlghly pu~ified or may con-tain small amounts o~ clottlng ~actor XIII or may be enriched in clotting factor XIII~
Usually, fibrinogen containing 0.5 to 20 units/cm2~ pre-~era~ly 1 -to 10 units/cm2, of clotting factor XIII is employed. Clotting factor XIII can also be added separatelyO The fibrinogen can be employed in a crystalline or amorphous form or a~ a lyophilizate, The thrombin component can be of animal or human origin and can advantageously be employed in an amoun-t of 1 ~g to 5 mg/cm2 9 the range from 50 ~g to 1 mg/cm2 belng preferred. It is also possible to employ a combina-tion of factors which liberate thrombin, examples of such factors being prothrombin and clotting factor Xa~
~0 In addition to the clvtting factors, the conven-tional substances which influence -the process of blood clotting and the healing of the wound can be applied to the collagen carrier. It is partic~arly advantageous to apply, to the collagen7 protease inhibitors, for ?5 example aprotlnin (1 to 1,000 units/cm23 as well as heparin antagonists, ~or example protamine chloride (0.01 to 5 mg/cm2)~ or factors which promote the infil-tration and growth o~ fibroblasts and thereby speed up the healing of the wound, for example fibronectin.
Equally~ calcium ions, for example as calcium chloride, can be used, in an amount of 2 nmoles to 2 ~moles/cm2.
The material according to the invention can also contain anti-infection medicaments, such as bactericides.
To mark the coa-ted side of the material according to the invention, it is al50 possible to add a suitable dye, for example hemin~ to the substances to be applied.
The essential object of the invention is that fibrinogen particles and thrombin particles or thrombin-liberating particles ~ present alongside one another on a collagen carrier, without react~ng with one another.
This can be achieved by adding an organic solvent ~o fibrinogen particles and thrombln particles or thrombin-llberatingparticlesin the form of crystals or lyophili-zate~ in an amorphous form~ af*er which a suspension isformed by th~rough mixing9 for example in a high-speed mixer~ with or wlthout comminution o~ large crystals.
Thi~ ~ormation o~ a suspension can be carried out separately for both clo-tting factors9 or in a slnglP
stepO The o-ther factors in~luencing clotting and wound healing, ions or medicaments can also be suspended or dissolved in the solvent employed~ Thereafter, the suspension i9 applied, by brushing, spraying cr dipping9 to one or all ~aces of the collagen carrier9 and the sol-vent 15 allowed to evaporate at room temperature or withrefrigerationg under atmospheric pressure or under a ~acuum. The fibrinogen particles and thrombin part-icles remain adhering to the collagen surface.
A large number of organic solvents can be used for suspending the clo-tting factors. The solvents, whlch may contain small amounts of water, should be suf~iciently volatile and should not inactivate the clotting factors~ Examples of such solvents or suspending media are lower straigh-t-chain or branched Cl-C5~alcohols 9 especially n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol and ethanol, ketones 9 ~or example acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic ethers, ~or example dime-thyl ether or diethyl ether 3 tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, esters, for example ethyl acetate, nitriles, such as acetonitrile, and ali-phatic halogenated hydrocarbons, for example carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride and chloroform.
A further possible method of preparing the material according to the invention is to moisten the collagen carrier with a suitable suspending solvent, which can contain small amounts of water, then to apply the fibrinogen component and thrombin component, as well as the auxiliaries, simultaneously or successively, in a solid form, uniformly to the moistened collagen layer, ? ~

and to allow the solvent to evaporate. Here again, the particles remain adhering firmly to the surface.
As a modi~ication of the process, it ls possible to moisten the collagen carrier with a very~small amount 5 o~ water, which is ~ust sufflcient to fix -the ~ibrinogen particles and thrombin particles to -the surface o~ -the collagen carrier withou~ significan~ ~ormation of ~ibrin~
The collagen carrier may be coated on one or all faces~ Coating on one faceg namely the side which subsequently faces the wound~ is advantageous for closing surgical wounds ? since in this way conglutination only occurs on the wound which is to be conglutinated, whilst the formation of adhesions between the internal wound and the tissue opposite the wound is pre~ented. If~
15 on the other hand, the material according to -the inven-ttQn ~s used to seal and heal a cavityy an appropriately shaped piece of collagen foam can be dipped ~nto the suspension o~ the clotting factors, so that it becomes coated on all faces.
Compared to the previously known combination of aqueous fibrin conglutinant and collagen, the material according to the invention of~ers substantial advantages:
Since the fibrinogen component and thrombin com-ponent have been applied to the collagen carrier with the 25 aid of an organic solvent 9 that is to say substantially in the absence of water9 they dissolve~ and form fibrin~
only when serum-like fluid or blood reaches them.
Accordingly, fibrin formation -takes place at exactly the right time, and in the right place. Even if the 30 collagen carrier is moistened with a very small amount of water and then treated with the solid fibrinogen particles ~ld thrombin particles, no significant forma-tion of fibrin occurs, since the water only serves as a binder between the collagen carrier and the individual 35 particles of the clotting factors.
The handling o~ the material according to the invention is very simple It can be employed dry, therefore does not stick to surgical gloves and surgical instruments, and has an advantageous, ~l~stic mold?ble con~istency. Conglutinatlon occurs only on the woundc Since the fibrln only fOrm5 in the collagen carrler, heterologous clotting factors 9 tha-t is to say not of human origin, can also be employed. This has the particular advantage that the danger of transmission o~ ~iral hepatitis can be eliminated.
The storage of the material according to the in~ention is also simple~ It is stored at refrigera-tor temperature or room temperature 9 under sterile con-ditlons, with exclusion of moisture, for example bybeing sealed in a ~ilm pouch. The material can be used for all types of wound treatment and wound healingO In particular, it is use~ul for sealing and conglutinating of internal and external wounds~ for securing sutures9 and for healing o~large-surfacedwoundsorwoundcavities. Itis alsoparti-cularly suitable for use in large or small bone ca~ities, o~ surgical or traumatic origin, in which the stoppage of bleeding is often a great problem, for example after dental extractions 3 otological surgery or fractures.
E~ample 1:
1,000 mg of factor XIIX-containing fibrinogen (from cattle), Z5 mg of thrombin (from cattle)~ 5 mg of CaC12 x 2H20~ 250,000 units of aprotinin and 10 mg of protamine (for example as the chloride), in a narrow, tall cooled vessel, are mixed with sufficient cooled ethanol that the substances are covered with liquid.
The mixture is then homogenized for 30 seconds by means - of an Ultra-Turrax apparatus. The suspension is applied to 500 cm2 of collagen foam by means vf a spray-ing apparatus. The ethanol is allowed to evaporate.
The particles remain adhering to the surface of the collagen foam.
Example 2:
1,000 mg of factor XIII-containing fibrinogen (from cat-tle), in a narrow,tall cooledvesse~ are mixedwith sufficient cooledn-propanolthatthesubstanceiscovered wi-thliquid The mixture is then hom~ogenized for 60 seconds by means of an Ultra-Turrax apparatus 50 mg .
^r/~;d~ l~r,~

~ 3~

o~ thrombin (from cattle) 7 in a narrow,tall vessel7 are mixed wi~-h su~flcient n-propanol that -the substance is covered with liquid. The mixture is then homogenized ~or lO seconds by means of an Ultr~-Turrax apparatus.
The two suspensions are combined and applied to 500 cm2 of a ~ollagen film by means of a spray apparatus The n-propanol ls evaporated off ln vacuo. Th~
fibrinogen particle3 and thrombin particles remain adhering to the collagen surface Exam~le 3:
1,500 mg of factor XIII-containing ~ibrinogen ~rom cattle)950 mg of thrombin (from cattle) and lO m~
o~ protamine (as the chloride), in a narrow~tall cooled ~e~sel~ are mixed with sufflcient cooled carbon t~tra-chloride that the substances are covered wlth liquid.The mixture i5 then homogenized for 30 seconds by means of an Ultra-Turrax apparatus~ The suspension is applied to 500 cm2 of collagen web by means o~ a spray apparatus. The carbon tetrachloride is allowed to evaporate. The particles of fibrinogen9 thrombin and protamine chloride remain adhering to the surface o~
the collagen web.
Example 4:
500 ~m2 of collagen foam are sprayed with ethyl acetate until the surface is just moistened. A mix-tur8 of the following substances, which have been ground in solid form, is then unifor~ly distributed o~er the sur~ace: l,000 mg of factor XIII-containing fibrinogen (from cattle), 25 mg of thrombin (from cattle), 5 mg of 30 CaCl2 x 2H20, 250,000 units of aprotinin and lO mg of protamine (as the chloride)~ The ethyl acetate is allowed to evaporate. The particles remain adhering-to the surface of the collagen foam.
Example 5.
l,OOOmg ofhuman fibrinogen containing factor XIII, 30 mg of human thrombin and lO mg o~ protamine (as the chloride) 9 in a narrow, tall cooled vessel, are mixed with sufficient n-butanol, at 0 - 4C, that the substances are covered with liquid The mixture is then homogenized rf. d~ )~la~ ~5 for 30 seconds by means of an Ultra-Turrax apparatus~
~h~ suspension i~ applied to 500 cm2 of collagen foam by means o~ a spraying apparatus The n-butanol i5 evaporated off in vacuo9 The particles remain adherlng to -the surface of the collagen ~oam.
Example 6:
500 mg o~ Pactor XIII-containlng fibrinogen (~rom cattle)9 25 mg of ~hrombin (~rom cattle) and 10 mg oP protamine (as the çhloride~, in a narrow,tall cooled vessel9 are mixed with sufficient ethanol~at 0 - 4C~
that the subs-tances arejustcoveredwithliquid~ The mixture i~ then homogenized for 30 seconds. Pieces o~ collagen foam~ cut into a cQnlca~ shape and suitable for plugging dental extraction wounds are dipped in thls ~uspension. The ethanol is allowed to evaporate.
The particles remain adhering to the collagen surface.
Example 7:
500 mg of fibrinogen (from cattle)~ 25 mg of thrombin (from cattle~, 1,000 units of factor XIII and 5 mg o~ protamine (as the chloride) are mixed, whilst being cooled, with sufficient acetonitrile that the sub-stances are covered with li~uid After homogeniza-tion, the suspension is introduced into a vessel having an adjustable exit slot, in the manner of a thin-layer coating machine, and is applied uniformly to 500 cm2 of collagen foam, after which the solvent is allowed to evaporate. The particles applied remain adhering to the surface.
Example 8:
500 cm2 of collagen foam are sprayed with H20 by means of a spray apparatus, so as to provide 1 mg o~ H20 per cm2. The water is immediately absorbed by the surface of -the collagen foam 9 without a change in the macro-structure of the collagen. 500 mg of fibrinogen (from cattle) 9 20 mg of thrombin (from cattle), 2009000 units/cm2 of aprotinin and 5 mg of protamine (as the chloride) are applied, as fine particles 9 to the sur-face~which has been rendered tacky by the water After brief storage exposed to the air, the collagen surface Tr~ inat~

.
lo~es it~ tacky consistency. The applied part~cles remain adhering to l;he surface~

Claims (8)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. Material for sealing and healing of wounds, con-sisting of a collagen carrier, which is coated on one face or all faces with a composition of a fibrinogen component in an amount of 0.05 to 20 mg/cm2 selected from the group con-sisting of fibrinogen, factor XIII containing fibrinogen and mixtures thereof and a thrombin component in an amount of 1/ug to 5 mg/cm2 selected from the group consisting of thrombin, a mixture of prothrombin and clotting factor Xa, and mixtures thereof, which composition may moreover contain conventional additives, substances which promote the infil-tration and growth of fibroplasts as well as antiinfection medicaments.
2. Material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collagen carrier is a collagen foam.
3. Material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the fibrinogen component is 0.5 to 5 mg/cm2.
4. Material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the thrombin component is 50/ug to 1 mg/cm2.
5. Process for the preparation of a material for sealing and healing wounds, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collagen carrier is coated on one or all faces with a composition of the fibrinogen component selected from the group consisting of fibrinogen, factor XIII containing fi-brinogen and mixtures thereof and the thrombin component, selected from the group consisting of thrombin, a mixture of prothrombin and clotting factor Xa, and mixtures thereof, which composition may moreover contain conventional addi-tives, substances, which promote the infiltration and growth of fibroplasts as well as antiinfection medicaments.
6. Process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fibri-nogen component and the thrombin component are suspended, individually or conjointly, in a medium which consists at least predominantly of an organic solvent, are mixed if ne-cessary and are applied to one or both faces of the collagen carrier, after which the solvent is evaporated.
7. Process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the sus-pension is applied by spraying,
8. Process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fi-brinogen component and the thrombin component are applied, in solid form, to the collagen carrier which has before-hand been moistened with the medium consisting predomi-nantly of an organic solvent, or with a small amount of water.
CA000394076A 1981-02-16 1982-01-13 Material for sealing and healing of wounds Expired CA1181689A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813105624 DE3105624A1 (en) 1981-02-16 1981-02-16 MATERIAL FOR SEALING AND HEALING Wounds
DEP3105624.5 1981-02-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1181689A true CA1181689A (en) 1985-01-29

Family

ID=6124998

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000394076A Expired CA1181689A (en) 1981-02-16 1982-01-13 Material for sealing and healing of wounds

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4453939A (en)
EP (1) EP0059265B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57153645A (en)
AT (1) ATE15143T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1181689A (en)
CS (1) CS241502B2 (en)
DD (1) DD206936A1 (en)
DE (3) DE3105624A1 (en)
EG (1) EG15603A (en)
GR (1) GR75042B (en)
HU (1) HU183823B (en)
ZA (1) ZA82123B (en)

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