CA1181457A - Automatic device for quick heating of liquid, particularly water - Google Patents
Automatic device for quick heating of liquid, particularly waterInfo
- Publication number
- CA1181457A CA1181457A CA000411402A CA411402A CA1181457A CA 1181457 A CA1181457 A CA 1181457A CA 000411402 A CA000411402 A CA 000411402A CA 411402 A CA411402 A CA 411402A CA 1181457 A CA1181457 A CA 1181457A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- containers
- heating
- outlets
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
- F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
- F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
- F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
- F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
- F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention relates to an automatic device for quick heating of liquids, particularly water, which device includes at least two containers having conduits for supplying cold water and provided each with heating means, a tank into which warm water is alternatively supplied from outlets of the single containers, first control means for alternatively actuating said outlets, second control means sensitive to the pressure within said tank for connecting or disconnecting said heating means and third con-trol means sensitive to the depression within one of said contain-ers for disengaging said heating means and said first control means of the outlets.
The invention relates to an automatic device for quick heating of liquids, particularly water, which device includes at least two containers having conduits for supplying cold water and provided each with heating means, a tank into which warm water is alternatively supplied from outlets of the single containers, first control means for alternatively actuating said outlets, second control means sensitive to the pressure within said tank for connecting or disconnecting said heating means and third con-trol means sensitive to the depression within one of said contain-ers for disengaging said heating means and said first control means of the outlets.
Description
1 The present invention refers to an automatic device for quick heating of liquids, particularly water.
From some ten years there are already known heating devices, such as electric water heaters, in which the water is heated by an electric heating element arranged wi.thin the heater.
As it is known, the electric water heaters, presently used, contain a certain amount of water ~usually 80 or 100 1), the heating of which from the room temperature to a temperature of 50-60C requires 6 to 9 hours. This long time is a ~reat draw-back in case of the necessity of instantaneous disposing of theheat water. Otherwise the device should be continuously main-tained in operat.ion thus causing a heavy energy outlay.
Moreover, the necessity of heating a quantity of water which is remarkably greater than that required, causes a further useless energy loss.
There should be also taken in consideration the thermic losses of the water storage heater by conduction and convection, which losses cause a further increase of the energy consumption and thus of the actuation costs.
All these losses give rise to a heav~ economical draw-back~ particularly at the present energetic crisis causing a con-tlnuous increase of the electric energy price, There are also known instantaneous water heaters which re~u~re, however, a remarkable power (of about 3 kw~ and supply less than .ll/min of water at a temperature of about 35-40C.
It is thus the purpose of the present invention to pro-vide an automatic device for heating of water which avoids or at least remarkably reduces said drawback of the known water heaters.
This purpose is attained by providing an au-tomatic device for qu~ck heating of liquids, particularly water, which device consists of:
a-t least two containers having supply conduits ~or cold water and provided each with a heating element;
a tank into which heat water is alternatively supplied from outlets of said containers;
first control means for alternatively actua-ting said outlets;
second control means sensitive to the pressure within said tank for connecting or disconnecting the heating means and third control means sensiti~e to the pressure within said containers for disengaging said heating means and said first con-~0 trol means of the outlets.
~ he control means for the outlets of the single contain-ers are arranged so as to alternatively supply into the tank a quantl`ty of the hot liquid corresponding to the volume of one container divided by the number of the containers, so that -the quantity of water flowing into the tank at any complete circle will ~e never greater than the volume of a single container, The invention will be now disclosed with reference to the enclosed drawing showing, by mere example an embodiment relat--ing to a water heater, it beiny however understood that the device may be used for a quick and economic delivery of any hot liquid.
In the drawing:
Fig. 1 shows in a vertical section view of the water heclter oE the invention having -three heating containers and a tank adapted to be connected with said container for deliver~ hot water;
Fig. 2 is a section view along the line A-A in Fig. l;
Fig. 3 shows a top view, partly in section along the line B-B of Fig. li and Fig. 4 is a cross section view of a control shaft for supplying the water from the single container to the tank, As it is shown in the figures, particularly in Fig. 1, the automatic water heater according to the invention consist of L4~i~
1 a series of single containers. In the embodiment, shown as an illustrative example in the drawing, there are provided three containers indicated in the figures with the reference letters A, s and C, but it is understood that the number tnereo~ depends on the requirements of a given plant which should be supplied with hot water. Therefore, in a plant provided, for example~ with a plurality oE shower-baths the number of the containers will be proportionally increased.
In each of said containers it is provided an electric heating element 9. The water is supplied into the containers contemporaneously through an inlet duct E provided ~ith a flow control valve 13.
In the upper portion of the containers, A, B and C a single outlet conduit 15 is provided, through which the hot ~ater delivered fro~ the single containers is supplied into a tank S
connectecl to the hot water duct by an outflow U provided at its lower portion.
The tan]~ S has at its top wall an aperture 18 closed by an elastic membrane ~. Over this membrane there are arranged two lever arms 1~ pivoted at their one end on a trunnion 20 provided at the rim of the tank S~
These lever arms 19 have each a pawl 2 which abuts on 9a~d elastic membrane ~.
The other end of the lever arms 19 is provided with an electric cont~ct 7, to which the electric current is delivered throuc3h a wire 3, The contact 7 abuts on a contact 7 which delivers the electric current to a heating element 9 of the container A. The heating elements 9 of the remaining containers are connected to thàt of the container A through electric connections 10, In an 5~7 1 intermediate point between the pa~ls 2 and the contacts 7 each lever arm 19 is stressed downwards into the contact position with the heating elements 9 by means of a return spring 5.
Beside this return spring 5, a therm~stat valve 14 is provided for lifting the lever arms 19 and, thus, for interrupting the electric contact when for any reason the water temperature exceeds the established one.
The hot water is suppled into the tank S from the cont-ainers A, B, C through said outlet duct 15 provided in the upper portion of the housing of the heaterD Within the outlet duct 15 a rot~ry shaf~ 17 is arranged, by interposition of a gasket 16, which shaft has openings 17' provided in coincidence with the out-let holes of the single containers and offset from one another at an angle of 60 in case of three containers of the embodiment sho~n in the drawing.
The rotary movement of the sha~t 17 is obtained ~y means o~ a small electric motor 11, ~hich.is fed with electric current through the wires 10 conductincJ the current to the hea-ting ele-ments ~f the containers B and C, The operation of the ~ater heater according to the invention is as ~ollows:
The aperture of a hot water cocX causes a depression in the tank S which depression deflects the elastic membrane 4 on which the pawls abut, so that the return springs 5 urge the lever ~rm~ 1~ toward the contact position oE the contacts 7, which let :Eeed with the electric current both the heating elements 9 of the container A, B and C and motor 11, which puts in rotation the rotàr~ shaft 11 and, thus, lets alternatively deliver the water to the hot water tank S from the containers A, s, and C, The closure of the hot water cock increases the pressure 30 in the tank S, the elastic membrane 4 deflects upwardly, discon-` nect~ the contacts 7 and puts the entire heater out of operationO
~:~81~S~
1 Should the water lack, ~he depressure forms, beside in the tank s, also in the containers Al B and C. For avoiding in such an event the electric current deliver~ to both the heating elements 9 and motor 11, the heating element is mounted in an elastic bellows 8, for example of ru~ber, which lowers when the pressure decreases Eor an extent sufficient to disconnect -the elec-tric connection of the contacts 7, In an preferred embodiment, the containers A, B and C
and the tank S form a unique body of plastics having a hi~h mechan-ic strenc~th and withstanding temperatures over 150C~ This bodyof the water heater in contained in a sturdy outer protec-tion housing.
The overall dimensions of the entire heater are smaller than those of the conventional heaters and have the advantage of a flat shape which better fits to the wall on which it is to be mounted, Obviously, the distance between the inlet duct ¢E~ for the cold water and the outlet duct (U) for the hot ~ater corre-sponds to the standardized distance of the already existing duc-ts, so that the mounting of the water heater does not require any modification of such ducts.
The heater according to the above disclosed embodiment, built from plastics and having a flow of 4 to 5 l/min oE 50-60C
hot water, requires a total power of 1.5 - 1.8 KW, has ove~all dimensions of 30 x 30 x 10 cm and a weight of about 6 Kg. At the present price of the electric energy the cost of 1 liter of the hot water heated to the above said temperature is of about 0.50 Italian lira and thus a cost which is remarkably lo~er than that (8-10 Italianliras for one liter) of the conventional heaters.
In the above disclosed em~odiment, as means for alter-natively controlling the outflows of hot liquids it has been 8~57 1 adopted a system consisting of both the small electric motor and rotary shaft for supplying the hot wa-ter to ~he tank. However, one skilled in the art would have no difficulty to replace this system for example by valves actuated so as to al-ternatively open and close the outlet apertures of the containers, which containers obviously could be placéd not only in a linear arrangement, but tn any other geometricall such as circular, rectangular, tri-angular etc, configuration.
It would be also understood that the connecting and dis-~0 connecting means o:E the heating elements may be replaced by othersyste.ms which are sensitive to the pressure in the tank and in one oE the containers, Thus, the present invention has been disclosed with reference to a preferred embod~ment thereof, but it is understood that several modifications may be made therein without departing from the protection scope oE the present invention.
~6
From some ten years there are already known heating devices, such as electric water heaters, in which the water is heated by an electric heating element arranged wi.thin the heater.
As it is known, the electric water heaters, presently used, contain a certain amount of water ~usually 80 or 100 1), the heating of which from the room temperature to a temperature of 50-60C requires 6 to 9 hours. This long time is a ~reat draw-back in case of the necessity of instantaneous disposing of theheat water. Otherwise the device should be continuously main-tained in operat.ion thus causing a heavy energy outlay.
Moreover, the necessity of heating a quantity of water which is remarkably greater than that required, causes a further useless energy loss.
There should be also taken in consideration the thermic losses of the water storage heater by conduction and convection, which losses cause a further increase of the energy consumption and thus of the actuation costs.
All these losses give rise to a heav~ economical draw-back~ particularly at the present energetic crisis causing a con-tlnuous increase of the electric energy price, There are also known instantaneous water heaters which re~u~re, however, a remarkable power (of about 3 kw~ and supply less than .ll/min of water at a temperature of about 35-40C.
It is thus the purpose of the present invention to pro-vide an automatic device for heating of water which avoids or at least remarkably reduces said drawback of the known water heaters.
This purpose is attained by providing an au-tomatic device for qu~ck heating of liquids, particularly water, which device consists of:
a-t least two containers having supply conduits ~or cold water and provided each with a heating element;
a tank into which heat water is alternatively supplied from outlets of said containers;
first control means for alternatively actua-ting said outlets;
second control means sensitive to the pressure within said tank for connecting or disconnecting the heating means and third control means sensiti~e to the pressure within said containers for disengaging said heating means and said first con-~0 trol means of the outlets.
~ he control means for the outlets of the single contain-ers are arranged so as to alternatively supply into the tank a quantl`ty of the hot liquid corresponding to the volume of one container divided by the number of the containers, so that -the quantity of water flowing into the tank at any complete circle will ~e never greater than the volume of a single container, The invention will be now disclosed with reference to the enclosed drawing showing, by mere example an embodiment relat--ing to a water heater, it beiny however understood that the device may be used for a quick and economic delivery of any hot liquid.
In the drawing:
Fig. 1 shows in a vertical section view of the water heclter oE the invention having -three heating containers and a tank adapted to be connected with said container for deliver~ hot water;
Fig. 2 is a section view along the line A-A in Fig. l;
Fig. 3 shows a top view, partly in section along the line B-B of Fig. li and Fig. 4 is a cross section view of a control shaft for supplying the water from the single container to the tank, As it is shown in the figures, particularly in Fig. 1, the automatic water heater according to the invention consist of L4~i~
1 a series of single containers. In the embodiment, shown as an illustrative example in the drawing, there are provided three containers indicated in the figures with the reference letters A, s and C, but it is understood that the number tnereo~ depends on the requirements of a given plant which should be supplied with hot water. Therefore, in a plant provided, for example~ with a plurality oE shower-baths the number of the containers will be proportionally increased.
In each of said containers it is provided an electric heating element 9. The water is supplied into the containers contemporaneously through an inlet duct E provided ~ith a flow control valve 13.
In the upper portion of the containers, A, B and C a single outlet conduit 15 is provided, through which the hot ~ater delivered fro~ the single containers is supplied into a tank S
connectecl to the hot water duct by an outflow U provided at its lower portion.
The tan]~ S has at its top wall an aperture 18 closed by an elastic membrane ~. Over this membrane there are arranged two lever arms 1~ pivoted at their one end on a trunnion 20 provided at the rim of the tank S~
These lever arms 19 have each a pawl 2 which abuts on 9a~d elastic membrane ~.
The other end of the lever arms 19 is provided with an electric cont~ct 7, to which the electric current is delivered throuc3h a wire 3, The contact 7 abuts on a contact 7 which delivers the electric current to a heating element 9 of the container A. The heating elements 9 of the remaining containers are connected to thàt of the container A through electric connections 10, In an 5~7 1 intermediate point between the pa~ls 2 and the contacts 7 each lever arm 19 is stressed downwards into the contact position with the heating elements 9 by means of a return spring 5.
Beside this return spring 5, a therm~stat valve 14 is provided for lifting the lever arms 19 and, thus, for interrupting the electric contact when for any reason the water temperature exceeds the established one.
The hot water is suppled into the tank S from the cont-ainers A, B, C through said outlet duct 15 provided in the upper portion of the housing of the heaterD Within the outlet duct 15 a rot~ry shaf~ 17 is arranged, by interposition of a gasket 16, which shaft has openings 17' provided in coincidence with the out-let holes of the single containers and offset from one another at an angle of 60 in case of three containers of the embodiment sho~n in the drawing.
The rotary movement of the sha~t 17 is obtained ~y means o~ a small electric motor 11, ~hich.is fed with electric current through the wires 10 conductincJ the current to the hea-ting ele-ments ~f the containers B and C, The operation of the ~ater heater according to the invention is as ~ollows:
The aperture of a hot water cocX causes a depression in the tank S which depression deflects the elastic membrane 4 on which the pawls abut, so that the return springs 5 urge the lever ~rm~ 1~ toward the contact position oE the contacts 7, which let :Eeed with the electric current both the heating elements 9 of the container A, B and C and motor 11, which puts in rotation the rotàr~ shaft 11 and, thus, lets alternatively deliver the water to the hot water tank S from the containers A, s, and C, The closure of the hot water cock increases the pressure 30 in the tank S, the elastic membrane 4 deflects upwardly, discon-` nect~ the contacts 7 and puts the entire heater out of operationO
~:~81~S~
1 Should the water lack, ~he depressure forms, beside in the tank s, also in the containers Al B and C. For avoiding in such an event the electric current deliver~ to both the heating elements 9 and motor 11, the heating element is mounted in an elastic bellows 8, for example of ru~ber, which lowers when the pressure decreases Eor an extent sufficient to disconnect -the elec-tric connection of the contacts 7, In an preferred embodiment, the containers A, B and C
and the tank S form a unique body of plastics having a hi~h mechan-ic strenc~th and withstanding temperatures over 150C~ This bodyof the water heater in contained in a sturdy outer protec-tion housing.
The overall dimensions of the entire heater are smaller than those of the conventional heaters and have the advantage of a flat shape which better fits to the wall on which it is to be mounted, Obviously, the distance between the inlet duct ¢E~ for the cold water and the outlet duct (U) for the hot ~ater corre-sponds to the standardized distance of the already existing duc-ts, so that the mounting of the water heater does not require any modification of such ducts.
The heater according to the above disclosed embodiment, built from plastics and having a flow of 4 to 5 l/min oE 50-60C
hot water, requires a total power of 1.5 - 1.8 KW, has ove~all dimensions of 30 x 30 x 10 cm and a weight of about 6 Kg. At the present price of the electric energy the cost of 1 liter of the hot water heated to the above said temperature is of about 0.50 Italian lira and thus a cost which is remarkably lo~er than that (8-10 Italianliras for one liter) of the conventional heaters.
In the above disclosed em~odiment, as means for alter-natively controlling the outflows of hot liquids it has been 8~57 1 adopted a system consisting of both the small electric motor and rotary shaft for supplying the hot wa-ter to ~he tank. However, one skilled in the art would have no difficulty to replace this system for example by valves actuated so as to al-ternatively open and close the outlet apertures of the containers, which containers obviously could be placéd not only in a linear arrangement, but tn any other geometricall such as circular, rectangular, tri-angular etc, configuration.
It would be also understood that the connecting and dis-~0 connecting means o:E the heating elements may be replaced by othersyste.ms which are sensitive to the pressure in the tank and in one oE the containers, Thus, the present invention has been disclosed with reference to a preferred embod~ment thereof, but it is understood that several modifications may be made therein without departing from the protection scope oE the present invention.
~6
Claims (7)
1. Automatic device for quick heating of liquids, comprising at least two containers having at their lower portion ducts for introducing cold liquid and each container being provided with heating means and outlet means; a tank into which hot liquid is alternatingly supplied from said outlet means of the said containers; control means for actuating said outlets of said containers; means sensitive to the pressure in said tank for connecting or disconnecting said heating means and said control means; and means sensitive to the level of liquid in one of the containers for disconnecting said heating means and said control means of the outlets.
2. Device according to claim 1, further comprising heating means consisting of electric resistors.
3. Device according to claim 1, further comprising means sensitive to the pressure in the tank in the form of a lever arm pivoted at its one end on said tank and having at its other end two contacts connected to an electric current source and adapted to come in contact with two contact elements of the heating resistor of an adjacent container and a pawl downwardly projecting at an intermediate portion of said arm and abutting on an elastic element sensitive to the pressure in said tank, said arm being urged by a return spring towards the position or electric contact with said contact elements, the heating resistor of the container adjacent to the tank being electrically connected with both the heating resistors of the subsequent containers and said control means of the outlets of the single containers.
7. Device according to claim 3, further comprising said means sensitive to the pressure in -the tank in the form of an elastic membrane arranged on the tank top, which membrane deflects in the case of a depression in the tank due to the aperture of a hot water cock, so that the return spring urges the contact of the lever arm into the con-tact position with the contact elements of the heating resistor of the adjacent container.
5. Device according to claim 3, further comprising said control means of the container outlets in the form of a small electric motor and a rotary shaft actuated by said motor and arranged in coincidence with the container outlets, by interposition of gaskets, said shaft being provided with a plurality of holes the number of which corresponding to the number of said outlets, said holes being offset from one another at an angle of 180°:n, n being the number of containers, so that when the hollow shaft rotates the hot water enters said tank through the holes of said shaft in .an alternating manner.
6. Device according to claim 3, further comprising said means sensitive to the pressure in one of the containers in the form of an elastic bellows in which the heating resistor is arranged, so that in the case of a depression in said container the bellows lowers causing the disconnection of the heating resistors.
7. Device according to claim 1, further comprising a thermostat valve provided for disconnecting said heating means when liquid is heated to an excessive temperature.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT49287A/81 | 1981-09-14 | ||
| IT49287/81A IT1142816B (en) | 1981-09-14 | 1981-09-14 | AUTOMATIC DEVICE FOR RAPID HEATING OF LIQUIDS IN PARTICULAR WATER |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1181457A true CA1181457A (en) | 1985-01-22 |
Family
ID=11270224
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000411402A Expired CA1181457A (en) | 1981-09-14 | 1982-09-14 | Automatic device for quick heating of liquid, particularly water |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4455475A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5860155A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8204893A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1181457A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3229648A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES515572A0 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2512934A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2107836B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1142816B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2176882B (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1989-03-22 | Tzyy Der Shieh | Apparatus for supplying boiled water |
| US5216743A (en) * | 1990-05-10 | 1993-06-01 | Seitz David E | Thermo-plastic heat exchanger |
| GB2270369B (en) * | 1992-09-02 | 1996-06-26 | Caradon Mira Ltd | Heat exchanger |
| US6167845B1 (en) * | 1999-11-01 | 2001-01-02 | Robert C. Decker, Sr. | Instantaneous water heater |
| KR101290066B1 (en) | 2004-02-05 | 2013-07-26 | 그라코 미네소타 인크. | Hybrid heater |
| US7046922B1 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2006-05-16 | Ion Tankless, Inc. | Modular tankless water heater |
| US7458520B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2008-12-02 | Masco Corporation Of Indiana | Electronic proportioning valve |
| US7448553B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2008-11-11 | Masco Corporation Of Indiana | Fluid mixer |
| US7475827B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2009-01-13 | Masco Corporation Of Indiana | Fluid mixer |
| US7584898B2 (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2009-09-08 | Masco Corporation Of Indiana | Manual override for electronic proportioning valve |
| US8061263B1 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2011-11-22 | Richard W. Hein | Sensor head and brew cup for a beverage brewing device |
| US9074819B2 (en) * | 2012-04-04 | 2015-07-07 | Gaumer Company, Inc. | High velocity fluid flow electric heater |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1069374A (en) * | 1909-09-25 | 1913-08-05 | Electric Heat Storage Company | Method of producing hot water by means of electricity and apparatus therefor. |
-
1981
- 1981-09-14 IT IT49287/81A patent/IT1142816B/en active
-
1982
- 1982-08-04 US US06/405,130 patent/US4455475A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-08-06 GB GB08222682A patent/GB2107836B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-09 DE DE19823229648 patent/DE3229648A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-08-20 BR BR8204893A patent/BR8204893A/en unknown
- 1982-08-31 JP JP57150167A patent/JPS5860155A/en active Pending
- 1982-09-08 ES ES515572A patent/ES515572A0/en active Granted
- 1982-09-14 FR FR8215522A patent/FR2512934A1/en active Granted
- 1982-09-14 CA CA000411402A patent/CA1181457A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8149287A0 (en) | 1981-09-14 |
| DE3229648A1 (en) | 1983-03-24 |
| GB2107836B (en) | 1984-11-14 |
| ES8308414A1 (en) | 1983-08-16 |
| IT1142816B (en) | 1986-10-15 |
| US4455475A (en) | 1984-06-19 |
| FR2512934B3 (en) | 1984-08-17 |
| GB2107836A (en) | 1983-05-05 |
| FR2512934A1 (en) | 1983-03-18 |
| ES515572A0 (en) | 1983-08-16 |
| JPS5860155A (en) | 1983-04-09 |
| BR8204893A (en) | 1983-08-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |