CA1151334A - Pressure-sensitive adhesives for lift-off correction of erroneously typed characters - Google Patents
Pressure-sensitive adhesives for lift-off correction of erroneously typed charactersInfo
- Publication number
- CA1151334A CA1151334A CA000363545A CA363545A CA1151334A CA 1151334 A CA1151334 A CA 1151334A CA 000363545 A CA000363545 A CA 000363545A CA 363545 A CA363545 A CA 363545A CA 1151334 A CA1151334 A CA 1151334A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- weight
- correction element
- substrate
- employed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J29/00—Details of, or accessories for, typewriters or selective printing mechanisms not otherwise provided for
- B41J29/26—Devices, non-fluid media or methods for cancelling, correcting errors, underscoring or ruling
- B41J29/36—Devices, non-fluid media or methods for cancelling, correcting errors, underscoring or ruling for cancelling or correcting errors by overprinting
- B41J29/373—Devices, non-fluid media or methods for cancelling, correcting errors, underscoring or ruling for cancelling or correcting errors by overprinting sheet media bearing an adhesive layer effective to lift off wrongly typed characters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/914—Transfer or decalcomania
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
- Y10T428/31797—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31801—Of wax or waxy material
- Y10T428/31804—Next to cellulosic
Abstract
Abstract Low tack pressure sensitive compositions containing polyethylene, a tackifier, an isobutylene polymer, a copolymer of ethylene and/or propylene and a mono-ethylenically unsaturated ester and a carboxylic acid and/or ester thereof and use thereof to remove erroneously typed images from a substrate.
Description
~5133g ADEIESIV~ CORRECTION CO-,POSITIO~I
AND ME:T~iOD OI:` USE
Description Technical Field The present inventionisconcerned with low tack pres-sure sensitive compositions which are suitable for re-moving erroneously typed characters from a substrate and is also directed to the use of such compositions for such purposes. The compositions of the present invention are especially adapted for use in conjunc-tion with typewriter ribbons of the type that are coated with a nonabsorbent and substantially non-compressible ink. The low tack pressure sensitive lift-off correction elements of the present invention are preferably in the form of a tape wound upon it-self and especially adapted for use in conjunction with a ribbon feed mechanism of a typewriter, such as the Correcting Selectric~ typewriter manufactured by International Business Machines Corporation, the assignee of the present application.
Background Art The earlier types of materials employed for correcting errors on a typed page were gum erasers. The ink com-position on the typewriter ribbon in use at that time was absorbed into the paper and attempts at erasure of a typed character often resulted in tearing the paper on which the error was typed. The develop~:ent of nonabsorbent ink compositions of transfer materials which did not wet or dye the paper onto which typed images are printed made it possible to remove erro-neously typed characters with an adhesive.
A useful known method to correct erroneously typed images is to provide in a typewriter, such as that de-signed as theCcrrectingSelectric~ typewritermodelmanufac-tured by International Business Machines Corporation, a LE979-02~
, . .. .
33~
typing operation and a pressure sen~itive adhesive ribbon which can be fed by such feed mechanism to supplant the ribbon for a correction operation. In this type of operation, the erroneous image is over-struck using theappr4priate type or key. The pres-sure sensitive ribbon is retained, spaced from the copy sheet to be corrected except in impressed areas which adhereto theerroneously typed image and lift theerroneously typedimage from the substrate when typing pressure is released. Thereafter, the correct image is typed in place of the removed erronesously typed image. As referred to above, this type of operation is especially ~lsed in association with imaging compositions which are dry and are substan-tially free from oils and free from dissolved dyeswhich can migrate into the substrate and stain the paper fibers.
Although such pressure sensitive correction ribbons are in current commercial use, they do present some crucial problems. For instance, many of the commer-cially available pressure sensitive ribbon compositions tend to stick to the transfer ribbon, to the ribbon guides, and card holder, which is undesirable from the standpoint of effectively and efficiently operating a typewriter. Moreover, certain feed problems exist due to the high take-up and unwind tension necessary with the ribbons now commercially available. Further-more, in view of the adhesive characteristics of thé
presently known correction tapes, picking up of paper fibers during correction occurs so~times. Also, coning and telescoping of unwound spools can occur when employing presently available lift-off correction ribbons.
L~979- 02&
Many of the presently available compositions suggested for pressure sensitive materials for removing erro-neous type either involve the use of relatively large amounts of inert, finely divided fillers, such as titanium dioxide, in order to reduce the surface tack, or include the use of a stick~ adhesive layer in combination with a passive surface layer over the sticky layer. The sticky layer is activated with application of typing pressure. Those compositions which require the use of a tack~ adhesive layer and a passive boundary layer involve mo~e elaborate and costly methods of preparation.
Those compositions that include the use of large amounts of inert filler material suffer from the disadvantage that the filler material does not impart any adhesive properties to the compositions and, there-fore, reduces the overall efficiency of the correction material, the degree of which depends upon the relative amount of filler material employed. In addition, it is often difficult to obtain a uniform dispersion of the filler material throughout the composition which can result in a considerable amount of variation in the performance of the correction material.
Disclosure of Invention The characteristics needed to provide a composition which can be commerically utilized to remove erroneous-ly typed characters and especially in conj~nction with a ribbon feed mechanism requires a delicate balancing of a number of critical properties. For instance, the composition must have sufficient adhesive charac-teristics so as to remove the erroneously typed charac-ter from the paper, yet not be so adherent as to remove paper fibers, or cause problems with respect to feeding, and handling.
T E~79-028 33~
The present invention provides a lo tack adhesive composition that is essentially homogeneous and uniform throughout. The adhesive characteristics of the compositions of the present invention are such that there is adequate adhesive power to remove er-roneously typed characters when forcibly impacted onto such ch~racters while at the same time are not tacky or sticky under low force engagement conditions.
Accordingly, the compositions of the present inven-tion make possible the elimination of feed problemsand handling problems.
Also, the compositions of the present invention do not stick tightly to the copy sheet, and, therefore, pro-vide efficient eradication without the picking up 15 of paper fibers during the correction operation. The compositions of the present invention remove the er-roneously typed character without disturbing the other images on the substrate.
The adhesion characteristics of the adhesive of the 2Q present invention are such that the adhesive upon deposition upon a film support tenaciously adheres to the support. In addition, it is preferred that the adhesive,when the lift-off member is a tape wound upon itself, does not strongly adhere to the backside of the substrate.
L~979~28 1 The compositions of the present invention further provide temperature stability and resistance to aging. A further advantage of the present invention is that the compositions can be coated in a one-pass operation. The low tack adhesive composition of the present invention does not require, although it can employ, if desired, inert filler materials.
I-t is quite apparent from all of the necessary requirements that obtaining compositions which fulfill these particular aspects is a difficult task.
The low tack pressure sensitive composition of the present invention comprises:
a) about 15 to about 35~ by weight of polyethylene;
b) about 20 to about 65~ by weight of a hydrocarbon tackifying polymer;
c) about 7 to about 25% by weight of a tacky isobutylene polymer having a viscosity average molecular weight (Flory) of at least about 40,000;
1 d) about 10-20% by weight of a copolymer of an olefin selected from the group comprising at least ethylene, propylene, or mixtures thereof; and a monoethyleni-cally unsaturated ester wherein the copolymer contains about 18 to about 40%
by weight of said ester; and e) about 0.5 to about 5~ by weight of a non-volatile carboxylic acid, or ester therof or mixture thereof.
The present invention is also concerned with a low tack pressure sensitive lift-off correction element for removing erroneously typewritten images from a substrate. The correction element comprises a support member having coated on one side thereof the above defined low tack pressure sensitive composition. The low tack pressure sensitive LE979-028 5a lift-off correction element is preferably in the form of a ribbon or tape wound upon itself and can be supplied inside a cartridye having a slit sized for passage of the tape therethrough. The support member is an impact compressible layer.
The present invention is also concerned with a method for the selective removal of an erroneously typed image or character from a substrate such as paper which comprises placing over the image to be removed a low tack pressure sensitive correction element of the type defined hereinabove. The pressure sensitive composition is placed adjacent the erro-neously typed image to be removed. The process in-cludes typing against the back of the support member with a type face which corresponds to the erroneously typed image to be removed and in a location which cor-responds to the position or location of the erroneous-ly typed image. This causes the pressure sensitive lift-off correction element to be pressed against the erroneously typed image and to cause the pressure sen-sitive composition thereon to adhere to the erroneously typed image. Then, the correction element is separated from the substrate on which the erroneously typed image was present to thereby remove the erroneously typed image from the substrate whereby it adheres to the correction element. This is accomplished without the correction element adhering to or disturbing the other images on the substrate or removing paper fibers.
After the erroneously typed character is removed from the substrate, then the desired ch~racter can be typed in its place.
L~979-028 il ~S~L334 Best and Various Modes For Carrying Out Invention The low tack pressure sensitive composition of the present invention includes polyeth~lene. The poly-ethylene can be a wax and/or resin. The polyethylenewaxes generally have melting points of about 85 to about 130C and a melt viscosity of from 2 to 300 centipoise at 150C,and havespecific gravities of about 0.91 to about 0.92.
The polyethylene resin which can be employed accord-ing to the present invention is preferably one which has a molecular weight below that for extrusion grade polyethylenes and has a specific gravity of 0.86 to 0.94, and generally has a softening point of less than about 150C. A sultable polyethylene to employ in the present invention is polyethylene AC-6*from Allied Chemical and is a linear polyethylene having a softening point of about 222F, a hardness of about 4 mm, a specific gravity of about 0.92, a 20 viscosity of 350 centipoise at 140C.
The polyethylene is employed in amounts of about 15 to about 35~ and preferably about 20 to about 35 by weight. It is believed that the polyethylene tends to lower the solution viscosity and surface tack of the composition.
*Trade Mark L~979-028 33~
The compositions of the present invent on must also include a tackifying polymer to impart adhesive pro-perties to the composition. Such p_eferably is a hydrocarbon polymer. The preferred tackifying poly-mers employed according to the present invention arethe terpene polymers, such as the polymeric materials including the dimers as well as higher polymers ob-tained by polymerization and/or copolymerization of terpene hydrocarbons, such as the acvclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes and their mixtures, includ-ing allo-ocimene, carene, isomerized pinene, pinene, dipentene, terpinene, terpinolene, limonene, turpentine, a terpene cut or fraction and various other terpenes.
The preferred polyterpenes employed according to the 15- present inventionhave softening points of up to about 100C and preferably about 50 to about 65C. The polyterpenes are commercially available under the trade designations Piccolyte*and Zonarez*with a particularly preferred polyterpene being Piccolyte S-55.
Other hydrocarbon tackify~ng resins can be prepared by polymerization of monomers consisting primarily of olefins and diolefins and include, for example, the residual by-product monomers resulting from the manu-facture of isoprene. Examples of such commercially available resins of this type are Wingtack*Resin available from Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, and Stay-Tack, Nirez and Betaprene H resins available from Reichhold Chemical Corporation.
~Trade Mark 1.
, LE97g-028 _, . . .
~1334 The tackifying polymer is employed in amounts from about 20 to about 65% and preferably about 35 to about 50~ by weight. Mixtures of tackifying polymers can be employed if desired.
Another required component of the composition of the present invention is an isobutylene polymer. The isobutylene polymer must have a viscosity average molecular weight ~Flory) of at least about 40,000.
Isobutylene polymers having viscosity average molecular weights ~lory) lower than about 40,000 are not satis-factory for the present invention, since such do not provide the necessary resistance to high temperature exposure required by the present invention. It is believed that the isobutylene polymer imparts adhesive properties to the composition as well as serving as a binder for the composition. The isobutylene polymer can ke a homopolymer or may be a copolymer containing relatively small amounts (e.g. up to about 5% by weight) of copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated mono-mers such as styrene.
The homopolymers of polyisobutylene are preferred. Thepreferred polyisobutylenes employed according to the present invention have viscosity average molecular weights (Flory) of less than about 900,000. An es-pecially suitable isobutylene polymer is one available under the trade designation Vistanex*polyisobutylene LM/MH from Exxon Chemicals. This polyisobu~ylene has a viscosity molecular weight (Flory) of about 46,000 and a viscosity average molecular weight (Staudinger) 30 of about 10,000 to about 11,700. This polyisobutylene is a clear, very viscous, tacky semisolid and is designated by the manufacturer as being medium hard.
*Trade Mark L33fl~
The isobutylene polymer is emplo~ed in amounts of about 7 to about 20~ by weight, and most preferably about 15 to about 20% by weight. Mixtures of isobutyl-ene polymers can be employed, if desired.
Another required component of the composition of the present invention is a copolymer of an olefin and a monoethylenically unsaturated ester. The olefin is ethylene and/or propylene. The monoethylenically unsaturated ester is a vinyl ester of a monocarboxylic saturated ester, such as acetic acid or propionic acid and/or an alkyl acrylate wherein the alkyl group is methyl, ethyl, butyl, and the like. The preferred copolymers are the ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers. The copolymers suitable for the present invention contain about 18 to about 40% by weight of the monoethylenically unsaturated ester. Such co-polymers are commerically available, such as under the trade designation Elvax*from Du Pont. The copolymers generally have an inherent viscosity mea-20 sured at 30C with 0.25 grams per 100 ml. of toluene of about 0.54 to 1.05, and a melt index (grams/10 minutes ASTMD-123A) of about 2 to about 400. Mixtures of these copolymers can be employed, if desired.
The copolymers are employed in the composition in amounts of about 10 to about 20% by weight, and preferably about 10 to about 15% by weight.
In addition, the compositions must include an organic carboxylic acid and/or ester thereof. It has been found, according to the present invention, that the presence of the acid and/or ester provides for improved eradication and improved resistance to change in eradication *Trade Mark ~ 1334 properties with temperature changes (e.g. from 60 to 120F). The carboxylic acids and esters employed are non-volatile at normal room temperature, and generally contain at least 8 carbon atoms. Usually the acids and esters have a maximum of 30 carbon atoms and are hon-polymeric esters. Mixtures of acids and/or mixtures of esters can be employed when desired. The acids can be mono or poly carboxylic acids, can be straight or branched chain aliphatic acids, and can be saturated as well as being ethylenically unsaturated, and can contain aromatic groups. The esters can be from mono or polyhydric alcohols, and preferably from saturated aliphatic alcohols. Examples of some suitable carboxylic acids include oleic acid and stearic acid.
Examples of suitable esters include alkylphthalates, such as, for example, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, butyl ethylhexylphthalate, didecylphthalate, butyl benzylphthalate, and dibutylphthalate; alkylhexa-hydrophthalates, such as di(2-ethylhexyl)hexahydro-phthalate; alkyl adipates, such as di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate and didecyl adipate; oleic acid esters, such as octyl oleate, butyl cellosolve*oleate, and methyl oleate; alkyl azelate, such as didecyl azelate;
sebacic acid esters such as dibutyl sebacate;
stearic acid esters, benzoic acid esters; abietic acid esters; and oxalic acid esters. Also oils com-posed mainly from higher aliphatic acid esters, such as castor oil,can be employed. The preferred esters include di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, butyl cellosolve oleate; and castor oil. The most pre-ferred ester is di(2-ethylhexyl)ph~halate. The acid and/or ester is present in amounts of about 0.5 to about 5% by weight and preferably about 0.5 to about 3~ by weight.
*Trade Mark 3~
The above relative amounts for the various ingre-dients are based upon the total amounts of the polyethylene, tackifying polymer, isobutylene polymer, olefin copolymer, and acid and/or ester present in the compositions.
In addition, the compositions of the present in-vention can contain various modifying or auxiliary agents, such as stabilizers, and inert fillers.
For instance, the compositions may contain up to about 10% by weight of an inert filler such as titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate in order to further enhance the antiblocking characteristics of the compo-sition. However, as discussed hereinabove, inert fillers are not necessary and are not even preferred.
Moreover, it may be desirable to include about 0.1 to about 1.5% by weight and preferably from about 0.25 to about 1~ by weight of one or more antioxidants or stabilizers. Some suitable antioxidants include tris-(di-t-butyl-p-hydroxybenzyl)-trimethylbenzene available under the trade designation Naugawhite; zinc dibutyl-dithiocarbamate available under the trade designation Butyl Zimate; 4,4'-methylene bis (2,6-ditertbutylphenyl);
tetrakis[methylene-3-(3',5'-ditertbutyl-4 hydroxyphenyl)-propionate]methane available under the trade designation Irganox 1010; lauryl stearyl thiodipriopionate;
dilauryl 3,3'-dithiopropionate; and distearyl thiodipro-pionate; and 2,6-ditertbutyl-p-cresol. The preferred stabilizers employed according to the present invention are distearyl thiodipropionate and Irganox 1010* It is most preferred to employ mixtur~S of these two stabilizers.
*Trade Mark LE979-02~
3L~ 334 The backing or substrate to which the compositions of the present invention are applied are extrusion grade polyesters, such as polyethyleneterephthalate, which is available under the trade designation Mylar, poly-ethylenes, and cellophane~ The preferred substratesare the polyesters and polyethylene. The substrate generally has a thickness of about 0.8 to about 1.5 mils and the total thickness of the composition and substrate is generally a maximum of about 3 mils.
Usually, the composition ls coated in a thickness of about 1.1 mils on the substrate.
The components of the composition are admixed and melted at a sufficiently high temperature, such as at about 250 to about 350F, and preferably at about 300F, in order to allow thorough mixing. The com-position can then be coated using conventional hot melt coating technique, such as pumping hot molten liquid to a reverse roll coater and passing of the film substrate in contact therewith. As the hot melt composition cools it solidifies in a homogeneous layer over the surface of the film. It should be noted, however, that if inert filler is present, such will be the only nonhomogeneous ingredient in the com-position. The bulk composition can then be subsequently slit and spooled for insertion into a supply cartridge.
*Trade Mark If desired, the tape can be back-coated with a non-stick release surface to further insure that the ad-hesive layer will not stick to the reverse side of the plate when spooled or rolled, and particulafly at relatively high temperatures, such as about 140F.
Some suitable known nonstick or relcase coatings include cured silicon resins and polyvinyl N-octa-decylcarbamate. The nonstick layers can be applied or deposited from a solution form and is usually ap-plied in amounts up to about 50 mg per square meterof substrate.
The compositions of the present invention are of such low tack that the commonly used test method referred to as the rolling-ball tack test does not provide a value which is not off the scale. Accordingly, the compositions of the present invention have been tested according to the following procedure:
Mylar substrates about 0.280 inches wide are coated with the composition to be tested at a thickness of about 1.1 mils to provide the testing tapes. The tape is pressed adhesive side down on a stain-less steel plate cleaned with acetone, using a five pound rubber roller. The s~lmples are allowed to stand at room tem-perature for about 20 minutes. The force required in pounds to peel off the tape samples at an angle of 180 degrees and a rate of twelve inches per minute is measured. The average of 10 readings is ta~en.
T;~?ical average values of tack measurements for at least the more preferred compositions of the present invention I~79-023 ~ ~P3~4 are about 0.03 to 0.07 pounds. Tacky and high tack compositions now commercially available for removing erroneously typed images typically have values of about 0.5 pounds and higher. The preferred composi-tions have Brookfield viscosity at 270F and 4 rpmin the range of about 3500 to about 4000 centipoise.
The following non-limiting examples are presented to further illus-trate the present invention.
Example 1 A composition containing about 25 parts by weight of polyethylene AC-6 from Allied Chemical Corporation, about 15 parts by weight ethylene vinyl acetate polymer (Elvax 210); about 42 parts by weight poly-terpene resin (Piccolyte S-55); about 18 parts by weight of polyisobutylene (Vistanex LM/~); and 2 partsby weightof di(2-ethylhexyl~phthalateis prepared. To this composition is added about 0.5 parts by weight of distearyl thiodipropionate and about 0.5 parts by weight of tetrakis[methylene-3-t3',5'-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane. The compositionis coated by a hot melt technique onto one side of a 1.5 mil polyester film (mylar) in a thickness of about 1~1 mils. The other side of the polyester substrate is coated with a cross-linked silicone release coat.
The coated film is wound and tested on a Correcting Selectric~ typewriter. It removes the desired typed images without picking up paper fibers. The composi-tion has a low tack value in the range referred to ~0 hereinabove (i.e~ 0.03-0.07 pounds).
L33~
Example 2 - Example 1 is repeated except that the composition con-tians about 26.6 paIts by weight of the polyethylene, about 13.3 parts by weight of the ethylene-vinyl S acetate copolymer, about 42 parts by weight of the polyterpene, about 18 parts by weight of polyiso-butylene, about 1 part by weight of dil2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and the same amount and types of stabilizer as in Example 1. The results obtained, although quite acceptable, are not quite as good as those of Example 1 with respect to eradication.
Example 3 Example 1 is repeated except that about 2 parts by weight of dibutyl phthalate is employed in place of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The results obtained, although quite acceptable, are not as good as those of Example 1 with respect to eradication and resistance to change or eradication due to temperature change.
Example 4 Example 1 is repeated except that about 2 parts by weight of octyl oleate is employed in place of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The results obtained, although quite acceptable, are not as good as those of Example 1 with respect to eradication and resistance to change or eradication due to temperature change.
33~
Ex mple 5Example l is repeated except that about 2 parts by weight of oleic acid is employed in place of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The results obtained, although quiteacceptable, are not as good as those of Example l with respect to eradication and resistance to change of eradication due to temperature change.
Example 6 Example l is repeated except that about 2 parts by weight of dibutyl sebacate is employed in place of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The results obtained are similar to those of Example l.
Example 7 Example l is repeated except that about 2 parts by weight of castor oil is employed in place of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The results obtained are similar to those of Example l.
Example 8 Example l is repeated except that about 2 parts by weight of butyl cellosolve oleate is employed in place of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The results obtained are similar to those of Example l.
Comparison E~a~Ple 9 Example l was repeated without the phthalate. The eradication and change in eradication characteristics were inferior to those obtained in any of the above examples.
LE979-o28
AND ME:T~iOD OI:` USE
Description Technical Field The present inventionisconcerned with low tack pres-sure sensitive compositions which are suitable for re-moving erroneously typed characters from a substrate and is also directed to the use of such compositions for such purposes. The compositions of the present invention are especially adapted for use in conjunc-tion with typewriter ribbons of the type that are coated with a nonabsorbent and substantially non-compressible ink. The low tack pressure sensitive lift-off correction elements of the present invention are preferably in the form of a tape wound upon it-self and especially adapted for use in conjunction with a ribbon feed mechanism of a typewriter, such as the Correcting Selectric~ typewriter manufactured by International Business Machines Corporation, the assignee of the present application.
Background Art The earlier types of materials employed for correcting errors on a typed page were gum erasers. The ink com-position on the typewriter ribbon in use at that time was absorbed into the paper and attempts at erasure of a typed character often resulted in tearing the paper on which the error was typed. The develop~:ent of nonabsorbent ink compositions of transfer materials which did not wet or dye the paper onto which typed images are printed made it possible to remove erro-neously typed characters with an adhesive.
A useful known method to correct erroneously typed images is to provide in a typewriter, such as that de-signed as theCcrrectingSelectric~ typewritermodelmanufac-tured by International Business Machines Corporation, a LE979-02~
, . .. .
33~
typing operation and a pressure sen~itive adhesive ribbon which can be fed by such feed mechanism to supplant the ribbon for a correction operation. In this type of operation, the erroneous image is over-struck using theappr4priate type or key. The pres-sure sensitive ribbon is retained, spaced from the copy sheet to be corrected except in impressed areas which adhereto theerroneously typed image and lift theerroneously typedimage from the substrate when typing pressure is released. Thereafter, the correct image is typed in place of the removed erronesously typed image. As referred to above, this type of operation is especially ~lsed in association with imaging compositions which are dry and are substan-tially free from oils and free from dissolved dyeswhich can migrate into the substrate and stain the paper fibers.
Although such pressure sensitive correction ribbons are in current commercial use, they do present some crucial problems. For instance, many of the commer-cially available pressure sensitive ribbon compositions tend to stick to the transfer ribbon, to the ribbon guides, and card holder, which is undesirable from the standpoint of effectively and efficiently operating a typewriter. Moreover, certain feed problems exist due to the high take-up and unwind tension necessary with the ribbons now commercially available. Further-more, in view of the adhesive characteristics of thé
presently known correction tapes, picking up of paper fibers during correction occurs so~times. Also, coning and telescoping of unwound spools can occur when employing presently available lift-off correction ribbons.
L~979- 02&
Many of the presently available compositions suggested for pressure sensitive materials for removing erro-neous type either involve the use of relatively large amounts of inert, finely divided fillers, such as titanium dioxide, in order to reduce the surface tack, or include the use of a stick~ adhesive layer in combination with a passive surface layer over the sticky layer. The sticky layer is activated with application of typing pressure. Those compositions which require the use of a tack~ adhesive layer and a passive boundary layer involve mo~e elaborate and costly methods of preparation.
Those compositions that include the use of large amounts of inert filler material suffer from the disadvantage that the filler material does not impart any adhesive properties to the compositions and, there-fore, reduces the overall efficiency of the correction material, the degree of which depends upon the relative amount of filler material employed. In addition, it is often difficult to obtain a uniform dispersion of the filler material throughout the composition which can result in a considerable amount of variation in the performance of the correction material.
Disclosure of Invention The characteristics needed to provide a composition which can be commerically utilized to remove erroneous-ly typed characters and especially in conj~nction with a ribbon feed mechanism requires a delicate balancing of a number of critical properties. For instance, the composition must have sufficient adhesive charac-teristics so as to remove the erroneously typed charac-ter from the paper, yet not be so adherent as to remove paper fibers, or cause problems with respect to feeding, and handling.
T E~79-028 33~
The present invention provides a lo tack adhesive composition that is essentially homogeneous and uniform throughout. The adhesive characteristics of the compositions of the present invention are such that there is adequate adhesive power to remove er-roneously typed characters when forcibly impacted onto such ch~racters while at the same time are not tacky or sticky under low force engagement conditions.
Accordingly, the compositions of the present inven-tion make possible the elimination of feed problemsand handling problems.
Also, the compositions of the present invention do not stick tightly to the copy sheet, and, therefore, pro-vide efficient eradication without the picking up 15 of paper fibers during the correction operation. The compositions of the present invention remove the er-roneously typed character without disturbing the other images on the substrate.
The adhesion characteristics of the adhesive of the 2Q present invention are such that the adhesive upon deposition upon a film support tenaciously adheres to the support. In addition, it is preferred that the adhesive,when the lift-off member is a tape wound upon itself, does not strongly adhere to the backside of the substrate.
L~979~28 1 The compositions of the present invention further provide temperature stability and resistance to aging. A further advantage of the present invention is that the compositions can be coated in a one-pass operation. The low tack adhesive composition of the present invention does not require, although it can employ, if desired, inert filler materials.
I-t is quite apparent from all of the necessary requirements that obtaining compositions which fulfill these particular aspects is a difficult task.
The low tack pressure sensitive composition of the present invention comprises:
a) about 15 to about 35~ by weight of polyethylene;
b) about 20 to about 65~ by weight of a hydrocarbon tackifying polymer;
c) about 7 to about 25% by weight of a tacky isobutylene polymer having a viscosity average molecular weight (Flory) of at least about 40,000;
1 d) about 10-20% by weight of a copolymer of an olefin selected from the group comprising at least ethylene, propylene, or mixtures thereof; and a monoethyleni-cally unsaturated ester wherein the copolymer contains about 18 to about 40%
by weight of said ester; and e) about 0.5 to about 5~ by weight of a non-volatile carboxylic acid, or ester therof or mixture thereof.
The present invention is also concerned with a low tack pressure sensitive lift-off correction element for removing erroneously typewritten images from a substrate. The correction element comprises a support member having coated on one side thereof the above defined low tack pressure sensitive composition. The low tack pressure sensitive LE979-028 5a lift-off correction element is preferably in the form of a ribbon or tape wound upon itself and can be supplied inside a cartridye having a slit sized for passage of the tape therethrough. The support member is an impact compressible layer.
The present invention is also concerned with a method for the selective removal of an erroneously typed image or character from a substrate such as paper which comprises placing over the image to be removed a low tack pressure sensitive correction element of the type defined hereinabove. The pressure sensitive composition is placed adjacent the erro-neously typed image to be removed. The process in-cludes typing against the back of the support member with a type face which corresponds to the erroneously typed image to be removed and in a location which cor-responds to the position or location of the erroneous-ly typed image. This causes the pressure sensitive lift-off correction element to be pressed against the erroneously typed image and to cause the pressure sen-sitive composition thereon to adhere to the erroneously typed image. Then, the correction element is separated from the substrate on which the erroneously typed image was present to thereby remove the erroneously typed image from the substrate whereby it adheres to the correction element. This is accomplished without the correction element adhering to or disturbing the other images on the substrate or removing paper fibers.
After the erroneously typed character is removed from the substrate, then the desired ch~racter can be typed in its place.
L~979-028 il ~S~L334 Best and Various Modes For Carrying Out Invention The low tack pressure sensitive composition of the present invention includes polyeth~lene. The poly-ethylene can be a wax and/or resin. The polyethylenewaxes generally have melting points of about 85 to about 130C and a melt viscosity of from 2 to 300 centipoise at 150C,and havespecific gravities of about 0.91 to about 0.92.
The polyethylene resin which can be employed accord-ing to the present invention is preferably one which has a molecular weight below that for extrusion grade polyethylenes and has a specific gravity of 0.86 to 0.94, and generally has a softening point of less than about 150C. A sultable polyethylene to employ in the present invention is polyethylene AC-6*from Allied Chemical and is a linear polyethylene having a softening point of about 222F, a hardness of about 4 mm, a specific gravity of about 0.92, a 20 viscosity of 350 centipoise at 140C.
The polyethylene is employed in amounts of about 15 to about 35~ and preferably about 20 to about 35 by weight. It is believed that the polyethylene tends to lower the solution viscosity and surface tack of the composition.
*Trade Mark L~979-028 33~
The compositions of the present invent on must also include a tackifying polymer to impart adhesive pro-perties to the composition. Such p_eferably is a hydrocarbon polymer. The preferred tackifying poly-mers employed according to the present invention arethe terpene polymers, such as the polymeric materials including the dimers as well as higher polymers ob-tained by polymerization and/or copolymerization of terpene hydrocarbons, such as the acvclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes and their mixtures, includ-ing allo-ocimene, carene, isomerized pinene, pinene, dipentene, terpinene, terpinolene, limonene, turpentine, a terpene cut or fraction and various other terpenes.
The preferred polyterpenes employed according to the 15- present inventionhave softening points of up to about 100C and preferably about 50 to about 65C. The polyterpenes are commercially available under the trade designations Piccolyte*and Zonarez*with a particularly preferred polyterpene being Piccolyte S-55.
Other hydrocarbon tackify~ng resins can be prepared by polymerization of monomers consisting primarily of olefins and diolefins and include, for example, the residual by-product monomers resulting from the manu-facture of isoprene. Examples of such commercially available resins of this type are Wingtack*Resin available from Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, and Stay-Tack, Nirez and Betaprene H resins available from Reichhold Chemical Corporation.
~Trade Mark 1.
, LE97g-028 _, . . .
~1334 The tackifying polymer is employed in amounts from about 20 to about 65% and preferably about 35 to about 50~ by weight. Mixtures of tackifying polymers can be employed if desired.
Another required component of the composition of the present invention is an isobutylene polymer. The isobutylene polymer must have a viscosity average molecular weight ~Flory) of at least about 40,000.
Isobutylene polymers having viscosity average molecular weights ~lory) lower than about 40,000 are not satis-factory for the present invention, since such do not provide the necessary resistance to high temperature exposure required by the present invention. It is believed that the isobutylene polymer imparts adhesive properties to the composition as well as serving as a binder for the composition. The isobutylene polymer can ke a homopolymer or may be a copolymer containing relatively small amounts (e.g. up to about 5% by weight) of copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated mono-mers such as styrene.
The homopolymers of polyisobutylene are preferred. Thepreferred polyisobutylenes employed according to the present invention have viscosity average molecular weights (Flory) of less than about 900,000. An es-pecially suitable isobutylene polymer is one available under the trade designation Vistanex*polyisobutylene LM/MH from Exxon Chemicals. This polyisobu~ylene has a viscosity molecular weight (Flory) of about 46,000 and a viscosity average molecular weight (Staudinger) 30 of about 10,000 to about 11,700. This polyisobutylene is a clear, very viscous, tacky semisolid and is designated by the manufacturer as being medium hard.
*Trade Mark L33fl~
The isobutylene polymer is emplo~ed in amounts of about 7 to about 20~ by weight, and most preferably about 15 to about 20% by weight. Mixtures of isobutyl-ene polymers can be employed, if desired.
Another required component of the composition of the present invention is a copolymer of an olefin and a monoethylenically unsaturated ester. The olefin is ethylene and/or propylene. The monoethylenically unsaturated ester is a vinyl ester of a monocarboxylic saturated ester, such as acetic acid or propionic acid and/or an alkyl acrylate wherein the alkyl group is methyl, ethyl, butyl, and the like. The preferred copolymers are the ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers. The copolymers suitable for the present invention contain about 18 to about 40% by weight of the monoethylenically unsaturated ester. Such co-polymers are commerically available, such as under the trade designation Elvax*from Du Pont. The copolymers generally have an inherent viscosity mea-20 sured at 30C with 0.25 grams per 100 ml. of toluene of about 0.54 to 1.05, and a melt index (grams/10 minutes ASTMD-123A) of about 2 to about 400. Mixtures of these copolymers can be employed, if desired.
The copolymers are employed in the composition in amounts of about 10 to about 20% by weight, and preferably about 10 to about 15% by weight.
In addition, the compositions must include an organic carboxylic acid and/or ester thereof. It has been found, according to the present invention, that the presence of the acid and/or ester provides for improved eradication and improved resistance to change in eradication *Trade Mark ~ 1334 properties with temperature changes (e.g. from 60 to 120F). The carboxylic acids and esters employed are non-volatile at normal room temperature, and generally contain at least 8 carbon atoms. Usually the acids and esters have a maximum of 30 carbon atoms and are hon-polymeric esters. Mixtures of acids and/or mixtures of esters can be employed when desired. The acids can be mono or poly carboxylic acids, can be straight or branched chain aliphatic acids, and can be saturated as well as being ethylenically unsaturated, and can contain aromatic groups. The esters can be from mono or polyhydric alcohols, and preferably from saturated aliphatic alcohols. Examples of some suitable carboxylic acids include oleic acid and stearic acid.
Examples of suitable esters include alkylphthalates, such as, for example, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, butyl ethylhexylphthalate, didecylphthalate, butyl benzylphthalate, and dibutylphthalate; alkylhexa-hydrophthalates, such as di(2-ethylhexyl)hexahydro-phthalate; alkyl adipates, such as di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate and didecyl adipate; oleic acid esters, such as octyl oleate, butyl cellosolve*oleate, and methyl oleate; alkyl azelate, such as didecyl azelate;
sebacic acid esters such as dibutyl sebacate;
stearic acid esters, benzoic acid esters; abietic acid esters; and oxalic acid esters. Also oils com-posed mainly from higher aliphatic acid esters, such as castor oil,can be employed. The preferred esters include di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, butyl cellosolve oleate; and castor oil. The most pre-ferred ester is di(2-ethylhexyl)ph~halate. The acid and/or ester is present in amounts of about 0.5 to about 5% by weight and preferably about 0.5 to about 3~ by weight.
*Trade Mark 3~
The above relative amounts for the various ingre-dients are based upon the total amounts of the polyethylene, tackifying polymer, isobutylene polymer, olefin copolymer, and acid and/or ester present in the compositions.
In addition, the compositions of the present in-vention can contain various modifying or auxiliary agents, such as stabilizers, and inert fillers.
For instance, the compositions may contain up to about 10% by weight of an inert filler such as titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate in order to further enhance the antiblocking characteristics of the compo-sition. However, as discussed hereinabove, inert fillers are not necessary and are not even preferred.
Moreover, it may be desirable to include about 0.1 to about 1.5% by weight and preferably from about 0.25 to about 1~ by weight of one or more antioxidants or stabilizers. Some suitable antioxidants include tris-(di-t-butyl-p-hydroxybenzyl)-trimethylbenzene available under the trade designation Naugawhite; zinc dibutyl-dithiocarbamate available under the trade designation Butyl Zimate; 4,4'-methylene bis (2,6-ditertbutylphenyl);
tetrakis[methylene-3-(3',5'-ditertbutyl-4 hydroxyphenyl)-propionate]methane available under the trade designation Irganox 1010; lauryl stearyl thiodipriopionate;
dilauryl 3,3'-dithiopropionate; and distearyl thiodipro-pionate; and 2,6-ditertbutyl-p-cresol. The preferred stabilizers employed according to the present invention are distearyl thiodipropionate and Irganox 1010* It is most preferred to employ mixtur~S of these two stabilizers.
*Trade Mark LE979-02~
3L~ 334 The backing or substrate to which the compositions of the present invention are applied are extrusion grade polyesters, such as polyethyleneterephthalate, which is available under the trade designation Mylar, poly-ethylenes, and cellophane~ The preferred substratesare the polyesters and polyethylene. The substrate generally has a thickness of about 0.8 to about 1.5 mils and the total thickness of the composition and substrate is generally a maximum of about 3 mils.
Usually, the composition ls coated in a thickness of about 1.1 mils on the substrate.
The components of the composition are admixed and melted at a sufficiently high temperature, such as at about 250 to about 350F, and preferably at about 300F, in order to allow thorough mixing. The com-position can then be coated using conventional hot melt coating technique, such as pumping hot molten liquid to a reverse roll coater and passing of the film substrate in contact therewith. As the hot melt composition cools it solidifies in a homogeneous layer over the surface of the film. It should be noted, however, that if inert filler is present, such will be the only nonhomogeneous ingredient in the com-position. The bulk composition can then be subsequently slit and spooled for insertion into a supply cartridge.
*Trade Mark If desired, the tape can be back-coated with a non-stick release surface to further insure that the ad-hesive layer will not stick to the reverse side of the plate when spooled or rolled, and particulafly at relatively high temperatures, such as about 140F.
Some suitable known nonstick or relcase coatings include cured silicon resins and polyvinyl N-octa-decylcarbamate. The nonstick layers can be applied or deposited from a solution form and is usually ap-plied in amounts up to about 50 mg per square meterof substrate.
The compositions of the present invention are of such low tack that the commonly used test method referred to as the rolling-ball tack test does not provide a value which is not off the scale. Accordingly, the compositions of the present invention have been tested according to the following procedure:
Mylar substrates about 0.280 inches wide are coated with the composition to be tested at a thickness of about 1.1 mils to provide the testing tapes. The tape is pressed adhesive side down on a stain-less steel plate cleaned with acetone, using a five pound rubber roller. The s~lmples are allowed to stand at room tem-perature for about 20 minutes. The force required in pounds to peel off the tape samples at an angle of 180 degrees and a rate of twelve inches per minute is measured. The average of 10 readings is ta~en.
T;~?ical average values of tack measurements for at least the more preferred compositions of the present invention I~79-023 ~ ~P3~4 are about 0.03 to 0.07 pounds. Tacky and high tack compositions now commercially available for removing erroneously typed images typically have values of about 0.5 pounds and higher. The preferred composi-tions have Brookfield viscosity at 270F and 4 rpmin the range of about 3500 to about 4000 centipoise.
The following non-limiting examples are presented to further illus-trate the present invention.
Example 1 A composition containing about 25 parts by weight of polyethylene AC-6 from Allied Chemical Corporation, about 15 parts by weight ethylene vinyl acetate polymer (Elvax 210); about 42 parts by weight poly-terpene resin (Piccolyte S-55); about 18 parts by weight of polyisobutylene (Vistanex LM/~); and 2 partsby weightof di(2-ethylhexyl~phthalateis prepared. To this composition is added about 0.5 parts by weight of distearyl thiodipropionate and about 0.5 parts by weight of tetrakis[methylene-3-t3',5'-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane. The compositionis coated by a hot melt technique onto one side of a 1.5 mil polyester film (mylar) in a thickness of about 1~1 mils. The other side of the polyester substrate is coated with a cross-linked silicone release coat.
The coated film is wound and tested on a Correcting Selectric~ typewriter. It removes the desired typed images without picking up paper fibers. The composi-tion has a low tack value in the range referred to ~0 hereinabove (i.e~ 0.03-0.07 pounds).
L33~
Example 2 - Example 1 is repeated except that the composition con-tians about 26.6 paIts by weight of the polyethylene, about 13.3 parts by weight of the ethylene-vinyl S acetate copolymer, about 42 parts by weight of the polyterpene, about 18 parts by weight of polyiso-butylene, about 1 part by weight of dil2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and the same amount and types of stabilizer as in Example 1. The results obtained, although quite acceptable, are not quite as good as those of Example 1 with respect to eradication.
Example 3 Example 1 is repeated except that about 2 parts by weight of dibutyl phthalate is employed in place of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The results obtained, although quite acceptable, are not as good as those of Example 1 with respect to eradication and resistance to change or eradication due to temperature change.
Example 4 Example 1 is repeated except that about 2 parts by weight of octyl oleate is employed in place of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The results obtained, although quite acceptable, are not as good as those of Example 1 with respect to eradication and resistance to change or eradication due to temperature change.
33~
Ex mple 5Example l is repeated except that about 2 parts by weight of oleic acid is employed in place of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The results obtained, although quiteacceptable, are not as good as those of Example l with respect to eradication and resistance to change of eradication due to temperature change.
Example 6 Example l is repeated except that about 2 parts by weight of dibutyl sebacate is employed in place of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The results obtained are similar to those of Example l.
Example 7 Example l is repeated except that about 2 parts by weight of castor oil is employed in place of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The results obtained are similar to those of Example l.
Example 8 Example l is repeated except that about 2 parts by weight of butyl cellosolve oleate is employed in place of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The results obtained are similar to those of Example l.
Comparison E~a~Ple 9 Example l was repeated without the phthalate. The eradication and change in eradication characteristics were inferior to those obtained in any of the above examples.
LE979-o28
Claims (31)
1. A low tack pressure sensitive composition comprising:
a) about 15-35% by weight of polyethylene;
b) about 20-65% by weight of a hydrocarbon tackifying polymer;
c) about 7-25% by weight of a tacky semi-solid isobutylene polymer having a viscosity average molecular weight (FLORY) of at least about 40,000;
d) about 10-20% by weight of a copolymer of an olefin selected from the group of ethylene, propylene, or mixtures thereof;
and a monoethylenically unsaturated ester wherein the copolymer contains about 18 to about 40% by weight of said ester; and e) about 0.5 to about 5% by weight of a non-volatile carboxylic acid, or ester thereof or mixture thereof.
a) about 15-35% by weight of polyethylene;
b) about 20-65% by weight of a hydrocarbon tackifying polymer;
c) about 7-25% by weight of a tacky semi-solid isobutylene polymer having a viscosity average molecular weight (FLORY) of at least about 40,000;
d) about 10-20% by weight of a copolymer of an olefin selected from the group of ethylene, propylene, or mixtures thereof;
and a monoethylenically unsaturated ester wherein the copolymer contains about 18 to about 40% by weight of said ester; and e) about 0.5 to about 5% by weight of a non-volatile carboxylic acid, or ester thereof or mixture thereof.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polyethylene has a specific gravity of about 0.91 to 0.92.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polyethylene is employed in amounts of about 20 to about 35% by weight.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said tackifying polymer is a polyterpene.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein said tackifying polymer is a polyterpene having a softening point up to about 100°C.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein said tackifying polymer is a polyterpene having a softening point of about 50 to about 65°C.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the tackifying polymer is employed in amounts of about 35 to about 50% by weight.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein said isobutylene polymer is a polyisobutylene.
9. The composition of claim 1 wherein said isobutylene polymer is a polyisobutylene having a viscosity molecular weight (Flory) of about 46,000 and a viscosity average molecular weight (Staudinger) of about 10,000 to about 11,700.
10. The composition of claim 1 wherein the isobutylene polymer is employed in amounts of about 7 to about 20% by weight.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein the isobutylene polymer is employed in amounts of about 10 to about 20% by weight.
12. The composition of claim 1 wherein said copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein said copolymer if employed in amounts of about 10 to about 15%
by weight.
by weight.
14. The composition of claim 1 which contains up to about 10% by weight of an inert filler.
15. The composition of claim 14 wherein said inert filler is titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, or mixtures thereof.
16. The composition of claim 1 which contains about 0.1 to about 1.5% by weight of an antioxidant.
17. The composition of claim 1 which contains about 0.25 to about 1% by weight of an antioxidant.
18. The composition of claim 16 wherein said anti-oxidant is a mixture of tetrakis[methylene-3-(3', 5'-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane and distearyl thiodipropionate.
19. The composition of claim 1 which contains about 25 parts by weight of polyethylene, about 15 parts by weight of an ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer, about 42 parts by weight of a polyterpene, about 18 parts by weight of a polyisobutylene, and about 2 parts by weight of said acid or ester or mixture thereof.
20. The composition of claim 19 wherein said com-ponent e) is di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
21. The composition of claim 1 wherein said component e) is di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
22. The composition of claim 1 wherein component e) is selected from the group of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; dibutyl phthalate, octyl oleate, dibutyl sebacate, butyl Cellosolve (T.M.) oleate;
oleic acid, castor oil and mixtures thereof.
oleic acid, castor oil and mixtures thereof.
23. The composition of claim 1 wherein component e) is selected from the group of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, butyl Cellosolve (T.M.) oleate, castor oil and mixtures thereof.
24. A low tack pressure sensitive lift-off correction element for removing typewritten characters from a substrate which comprises a support member having coated on one side thereof the composition of claim 1.
25. The correction element of claim 24 being in the form of a tape wound upon itself.
26. The correction element of claim 24 wherein said support member is selected from the group of polyethyleneterephthalate, polyethylene, and cellophane?,
27. The correction element of claim 24 wherein said support member is polyethyleneterephthalate.
28. The correction element of claim 24 wherein said substrate has a thickness of about 0.8 to about 1.5 mils and the total thickness of the composi-tion and substrate is a maximum of about 3 mils.
29. The correction element of claim 24 wherein the composition is coated on said support member in a thickness of about 1.1 mils.
30. The correction element of claim 24 which has on the side not coated with the composition of claim 1 a non-stick release coating.
31. A method for selective removal of an erroneously typed image from a substrate which compriscs placing over said image a low tack pressure sen-sitive lift-off correction element of claim 24 wherein the pressure sensitive composition is ad-jacent said erroneously typed image to be removed, and typing against the back of support member with a type face corresponding to the erroneous image to be removed and in a location correspon-ding to the position of said erroneous image to cause said pressure sensitive lift-off correction element to be pressed against said erroneous image and to cause said pressure sensitive compo-sition to adhere to said erroneous image, and separating said correction element form said sub-strate whereby said erroneous image remains ad-hered to said correction element and is removed from said substrate without the correction element adhering to or disturbing the other images on the substrate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/105,676 US4289666A (en) | 1979-12-20 | 1979-12-20 | Adhesive correction composition and method of use |
| US105,676 | 1979-12-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1151334A true CA1151334A (en) | 1983-08-02 |
Family
ID=22307155
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000363545A Expired CA1151334A (en) | 1979-12-20 | 1980-10-29 | Pressure-sensitive adhesives for lift-off correction of erroneously typed characters |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4289666A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0032539B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS581709B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU534905B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8008116A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1151334A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3070340D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8204659A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5832115U (en) * | 1981-08-28 | 1983-03-02 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | Lubricating device for automatic advance device of fuel injection pump |
| NZ225585A (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1990-08-28 | Shell Oil Co | Hot melt adhesive compositions comprising modified ethylenic and butene-1 polymers |
| DE3733394A1 (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-04-13 | Caribonum Ltd | PRESSURE-ACTIVATED CORRECTION TAPE AND AN AQUEOUS COATING LIQUID FOR TRAINING THE REMOVAL LAYER OF THE CORRECTION TAPE |
| US5037216A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1991-08-06 | Datacard Corporation | System and method for producing data bearing cards |
| US5256191A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1993-10-26 | John Thompson | Correction fluid compositions |
| US5332599A (en) * | 1993-07-19 | 1994-07-26 | The Gillette Company | Aqueous correction fluid |
| JP3909378B2 (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 2007-04-25 | フジコピアン株式会社 | Pressure sensitive correction tape |
| EP1002654B1 (en) | 1998-11-19 | 2003-07-30 | Fujicopian Co., Ltd. | Pressure sensitive transfer tape |
| TWI639502B (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2018-11-01 | 日商宇部興產股份有限公司 | Catalyst for conjugated diene polymerization, conjugated diene polymer using the catalyst, modified conjugated diene polymer, manufacturing method thereof, rubber composition for tire, and rubber composition for rubber belt |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3318977A (en) * | 1961-05-31 | 1967-05-09 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Thermoplastic adhesives containing polyethylene, isobutylene rubber, tackifier resinand ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer |
| US3321427A (en) * | 1963-09-04 | 1967-05-23 | Du Pont | Composition containing wax, ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer, and polyisobutylene |
| AU410060B2 (en) * | 1967-03-01 | 1971-01-13 | Usm Corporation | Improvements in or relating to thermoplastic adhesive compositions |
| GB1253666A (en) * | 1968-10-21 | 1971-11-17 | Ici Ltd | Holt melt adhesives |
| US3942621A (en) * | 1970-04-28 | 1976-03-09 | Mac Karlan | Method of and article for masking |
| JPS5130804B2 (en) * | 1972-08-12 | 1976-09-03 | ||
| CA1015480A (en) * | 1973-02-05 | 1977-08-09 | Carl C. Loechell | Thermostable hot melt |
| US3876454A (en) * | 1973-03-28 | 1975-04-08 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Linerless pressure-sensitive adhesive tape having elastomeric backing |
| US3924728A (en) * | 1974-02-04 | 1975-12-09 | Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg | Pressure-adhesive correction materials and method for producing same |
| US4085838A (en) * | 1974-03-14 | 1978-04-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Type correction article employing adhesives |
| AT354474B (en) * | 1975-11-07 | 1980-01-10 | Koreska Gmbh W | CORRECTION MATERIAL |
| US4175977A (en) * | 1977-09-19 | 1979-11-27 | International Paper Company | Process for producing a flowable, highly pigmented, low viscosity, hot-melt coating compound |
| US4180490A (en) * | 1977-09-22 | 1979-12-25 | National Distillers And Chemical Corporation | Antiblock system and process aid for vulcanized vinyl acetate ethylene copolymers |
-
1979
- 1979-12-20 US US06/105,676 patent/US4289666A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-08-13 JP JP55110453A patent/JPS581709B2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-10-16 AU AU63429/80A patent/AU534905B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1980-10-29 CA CA000363545A patent/CA1151334A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-11-20 DE DE8080107232T patent/DE3070340D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-11-20 EP EP80107232A patent/EP0032539B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-11 BR BR8008116A patent/BR8008116A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-12-19 ES ES497924A patent/ES8204659A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU534905B2 (en) | 1984-02-23 |
| DE3070340D1 (en) | 1985-04-25 |
| EP0032539A3 (en) | 1981-12-02 |
| EP0032539B1 (en) | 1985-03-20 |
| AU6342980A (en) | 1981-06-25 |
| EP0032539A2 (en) | 1981-07-29 |
| US4289666A (en) | 1981-09-15 |
| JPS581709B2 (en) | 1983-01-12 |
| ES497924A0 (en) | 1982-05-01 |
| BR8008116A (en) | 1981-06-30 |
| JPS5693774A (en) | 1981-07-29 |
| ES8204659A1 (en) | 1982-05-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |