CA1143793A - Method and apparatus for determining at least one component of a sample of grain, seed, or another particulate material - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for determining at least one component of a sample of grain, seed, or another particulate materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1143793A CA1143793A CA000329361A CA329361A CA1143793A CA 1143793 A CA1143793 A CA 1143793A CA 000329361 A CA000329361 A CA 000329361A CA 329361 A CA329361 A CA 329361A CA 1143793 A CA1143793 A CA 1143793A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- container
- determining
- compacted
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
- G01N33/10—Starch-containing substances, e.g. dough
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/226—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method and apparatus are provided herein for determining at least one component of a sample of a particulate or granular material, e.g., grain or seed, on the basis of a permittivity value of the sample.
The method involves the first and second steps of gradually introducing the sample in a movably mounted container and compacting the sample in the container to a predetermined degree by vibrating the container during the gradual filling thereof with the sample. The so-compacted sample in the container is then exposed to an alternating electric field. A permit-tivity value of the compacted sample is then measured. The component is then determined on the basis of the permittivity value, and the weight of the sample is also determined based on the natural vibrational frequency of the movably mounted container with the sample contained therein.
A method and apparatus are provided herein for determining at least one component of a sample of a particulate or granular material, e.g., grain or seed, on the basis of a permittivity value of the sample.
The method involves the first and second steps of gradually introducing the sample in a movably mounted container and compacting the sample in the container to a predetermined degree by vibrating the container during the gradual filling thereof with the sample. The so-compacted sample in the container is then exposed to an alternating electric field. A permit-tivity value of the compacted sample is then measured. The component is then determined on the basis of the permittivity value, and the weight of the sample is also determined based on the natural vibrational frequency of the movably mounted container with the sample contained therein.
Description
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for determining at least one component of a sample of grain, seed or another particulate material which is arranged in a sample container or receptacle and exposed to an alternating electric field, while a permittivity value of said sample is being measured for determining said component on the basis of that value.
In the past, the dielectric properties of grain, seed, and other organic materials have been subject to thorough theoretical and practical analyses. Thus, it is well known that the dielectrlc constant or permittivity of a water-containing sample arranged in an alternating electric field is correlated with the water content of the sample. This correlation is primarily du~ to the fact that the water molecules possess a static electric dipole moment. Con-sequently, the dielectric constant or permittivity of a water-containing sample arranged in an alternating electric field will be dependent on the number of water molecules in the sample. Not only the water molecules, but also possible protein molecules and molecules of other components of the 2S sample being measured may contribute to the dielectric con-stant or the permittivity of the sample by possessing static or induced dipole moments. Therefore, it has been proposed to determine also other components than water on the basis of permittivity measurements of a sample.
, 2 ~1~3793 The present invention relates to such measurements including determination of the dielectric constant or permittivity of a sample and has for an object of its principal aspect to make these measurements more accurate and reliable than hitherto possible.
Thus the present invention provides, in one aspect thereof, a method of determining at least one component of a sample of a particulate or granular material, e.g., grain or seed, the method comprising:
gradually introducing the sample in a movably mounted container; com-pacting the sample in the container to a predetermined degree by vibrating the container during the gradual filling thereof with the sample; expos-ing the compacted sample in the container to an alternating electric field; measuring a permittivity value of the compacted sample; deter-mining the component on the basis of the permittivity value; and deter-mining the weight of the sample based on the natural vibrational frequency of the movably container with the sample contained therein.
By one variant thereof, the sample of material is compacted by exposing it to ultrasound.
It has been found that the permittivity of a grain-like, granular, or particulate material is not only dependent on the components of the material, but also on the degree to which the particles of the material in the sample are compacted or packed together. Consequently, in order to obtain reliable measurements it is important that the particles of like samples, the measurements of which are to be compared, are com-pacted in the sample receiving container to substantially the same degree.
When a sample of particulate material is compacted before measurement, a result of the meaSurement will be less sensitive to or dependent on acci-dental vibrations or shocks during measurements.
According to another aspect of the invention, the sample is pre-ferably cornpacted by imparting a vibrational movement to the sample 11437~3 receiving container or receptacle. It has been found, according to an important aspect of this invention, that it is possible to obtain a much more uniform and recproducible compactness of the particulate sample if the container or receptacle is vibrated while the sample of material is gradually introduced into the container or receptacle. Thus, by an aspect of this inven-ion, the sample of particulate material may be compacted while the sample is being introduced into the container or receptacle by exposing it to ultrasound.
By variants thereof, the introduction of the sample may be con-tinuous or intermittent.
In practice a sample to be measured is normally filled into the sam-ple receiving container or receptacle so as to fill a predetermined volume thereof, for example the total volume. It may then be of importance for the measurement to be made that the total weight of the sample in the container or receptacle is determined, because in connection with the volume the weight will give an indication of the bushel weight or compactness of the sample.
According to yet another aspect of this invention the weight of the sample may be determined on the basis of the natural vibrational frequency of the contain-er or receptacle with the sample contained therein, because the natural fre-quency is dependent on the total vibrating mass or weight, i.e. the weight ofthe container and sample.
The present invention also provides, as another aspect thereof, an apparatus for determining at least one component of a sample of a parti-culate or granular material, e.g., grain or seed, the apparatus comprising a movably mounted sample container; introducing meanS for gradually intro-ducing the sample into the container; vibratory means for vibrating the container while the introducing means is gradually introducing such sample into the container, thereby to compact any such G - 4 _ sample in the container to a predetermined degree; means for generating an alternating electric field in the container to expose any compacted sample to the alternating electric field; means for measuring a permitti-vity value of any compacted sample in the container thereby determining the component on the basis of the permittivity; and means for determining the natural vibrational frequency of the container or receptacle and a sample arranged therein, thereby determining the weight of any sample based on the natural vibrational frequency of the movably mounted container with such sample contained therein.
By one variant thereof, the compacting means comprises a source of ultrasound.
By yet another variant, the vibratory means comprise a solenoid and a magnetic core mounted movably in relation thereto.
By still another variant, apparatus includes a weight determining means which comprise that so]enoid and that magnetic core.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus accord-ing to the invention, and Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of part of a modified embodi-ment of the apparatus.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus ac-cording to an aspect of the invention. This apparatus comprises a sample re-ceiving container or capacitor 10 in which a measuring chamber for receiving a sample S to be measured is defined between a central conductor or electrode 11 and an outer circumferential wall 12 forming the other conductor or electrode of the capacitor device. The conductors 11 and 12 are separated by an electri-cally insulating bottom wall 13. The capacitor or container 10 is , connected to a vibrator 14 by means of which the sample S contained in the capacitor may be vibrated and compacted so as to obtain a reproduceable degree of filling. The capacitor 10 is also connected to a weight measuring device 15 for measuring the weight of the sample S contained in the capacitor, and each of the conductors or electrodes 11 and 12 are connected to an impedance measuring device 16 which in turn is connected to a generator 17 for generating an alternating electric ~ield betwèen the conductors or electrodes 11 and 12. The vibrator 14, the weight measuring device 15, the impedance measuring device 16, and the generator 17 are each electrically connected to a control and calculating device 18, e-g- a microcomputer. This computer controls the operation of the various devices of the apparatus and calculates the content of one or more components in the sample S on the basis of the impedance or capacity measured by the device 16 when an alternating electric field is generated by the generator 17, of the weight measured by the device 15, and of empirical inform-ation stored in the memory of the computer 18.
Fig. 2 shows a modified embodiment of the apparatus where the vibrator 14 and the weight measuring device are replaced by a solenoid 19 having a core 20. The container 10 is vibratably mounted as indicated by 21. The core 20 of the solenoid 19 is mounted on the insulating bottom wall 13 of the container or capacitor 10 while the solenoid 19 is stationary mounted. An alternating current may be supplied to the solenoid 19 by a generator 22, and the solenoid 19 as well as the generator 22 are connected to the computer 18 as shown.
~ 3793 . .
. , . . ... _ . _ . . .. . , . _ , .. .. . .. . . ..
Wh the app~arla4u3s7s9h3Own in Fig. 2 is to be used, the generator 22 is energized so that it provides an AC-current to the solenoid 19 whereby the core 20 and consequently also the container or capacitor 10 are forcibly vibrated at a fre-quency de~ermined by the frequency of the AC-current from the generato~ 22. While the container 10 is being vibrated the sample S is poured into the container 10 whereby the particles of the sample are uniformly compacted, and the container 10 is completely filled with the compacted sample.
When the container 10 has been filled, the generator 22 is de-energized, and the container 10 with the core 20 will then for a short period of time continue to vibrate, but now with the natural vibrational frequency of the system.
This natural vibrational frequency is dependent on the mass or weight of the container 10, the core 20, and the sample S as well as of the elastic properties of the container mounting means 21~ It should be understood that the mass of the sample S is the only variable factor, and consequently, the natural vibrational frequency of the system is dependent on the mass or weight of the sample S. When the generator 22 has been de-energized, this natural frequency is detected by the solenoid 19, and a corresponding output signal is transmitted to the computer 18. The computer 18 then determines the weight of the sample S on the basis of that signal. In other respects the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 functions as described above in connection with Fig. 1.
It should be understood, that the principals of aspects of the present invention may be used in connection with any other apparatus for measuring one or more components of a sample of a particulate material on the basis of a permittivity value of the sample.
, --
In the past, the dielectric properties of grain, seed, and other organic materials have been subject to thorough theoretical and practical analyses. Thus, it is well known that the dielectrlc constant or permittivity of a water-containing sample arranged in an alternating electric field is correlated with the water content of the sample. This correlation is primarily du~ to the fact that the water molecules possess a static electric dipole moment. Con-sequently, the dielectric constant or permittivity of a water-containing sample arranged in an alternating electric field will be dependent on the number of water molecules in the sample. Not only the water molecules, but also possible protein molecules and molecules of other components of the 2S sample being measured may contribute to the dielectric con-stant or the permittivity of the sample by possessing static or induced dipole moments. Therefore, it has been proposed to determine also other components than water on the basis of permittivity measurements of a sample.
, 2 ~1~3793 The present invention relates to such measurements including determination of the dielectric constant or permittivity of a sample and has for an object of its principal aspect to make these measurements more accurate and reliable than hitherto possible.
Thus the present invention provides, in one aspect thereof, a method of determining at least one component of a sample of a particulate or granular material, e.g., grain or seed, the method comprising:
gradually introducing the sample in a movably mounted container; com-pacting the sample in the container to a predetermined degree by vibrating the container during the gradual filling thereof with the sample; expos-ing the compacted sample in the container to an alternating electric field; measuring a permittivity value of the compacted sample; deter-mining the component on the basis of the permittivity value; and deter-mining the weight of the sample based on the natural vibrational frequency of the movably container with the sample contained therein.
By one variant thereof, the sample of material is compacted by exposing it to ultrasound.
It has been found that the permittivity of a grain-like, granular, or particulate material is not only dependent on the components of the material, but also on the degree to which the particles of the material in the sample are compacted or packed together. Consequently, in order to obtain reliable measurements it is important that the particles of like samples, the measurements of which are to be compared, are com-pacted in the sample receiving container to substantially the same degree.
When a sample of particulate material is compacted before measurement, a result of the meaSurement will be less sensitive to or dependent on acci-dental vibrations or shocks during measurements.
According to another aspect of the invention, the sample is pre-ferably cornpacted by imparting a vibrational movement to the sample 11437~3 receiving container or receptacle. It has been found, according to an important aspect of this invention, that it is possible to obtain a much more uniform and recproducible compactness of the particulate sample if the container or receptacle is vibrated while the sample of material is gradually introduced into the container or receptacle. Thus, by an aspect of this inven-ion, the sample of particulate material may be compacted while the sample is being introduced into the container or receptacle by exposing it to ultrasound.
By variants thereof, the introduction of the sample may be con-tinuous or intermittent.
In practice a sample to be measured is normally filled into the sam-ple receiving container or receptacle so as to fill a predetermined volume thereof, for example the total volume. It may then be of importance for the measurement to be made that the total weight of the sample in the container or receptacle is determined, because in connection with the volume the weight will give an indication of the bushel weight or compactness of the sample.
According to yet another aspect of this invention the weight of the sample may be determined on the basis of the natural vibrational frequency of the contain-er or receptacle with the sample contained therein, because the natural fre-quency is dependent on the total vibrating mass or weight, i.e. the weight ofthe container and sample.
The present invention also provides, as another aspect thereof, an apparatus for determining at least one component of a sample of a parti-culate or granular material, e.g., grain or seed, the apparatus comprising a movably mounted sample container; introducing meanS for gradually intro-ducing the sample into the container; vibratory means for vibrating the container while the introducing means is gradually introducing such sample into the container, thereby to compact any such G - 4 _ sample in the container to a predetermined degree; means for generating an alternating electric field in the container to expose any compacted sample to the alternating electric field; means for measuring a permitti-vity value of any compacted sample in the container thereby determining the component on the basis of the permittivity; and means for determining the natural vibrational frequency of the container or receptacle and a sample arranged therein, thereby determining the weight of any sample based on the natural vibrational frequency of the movably mounted container with such sample contained therein.
By one variant thereof, the compacting means comprises a source of ultrasound.
By yet another variant, the vibratory means comprise a solenoid and a magnetic core mounted movably in relation thereto.
By still another variant, apparatus includes a weight determining means which comprise that so]enoid and that magnetic core.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus accord-ing to the invention, and Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of part of a modified embodi-ment of the apparatus.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus ac-cording to an aspect of the invention. This apparatus comprises a sample re-ceiving container or capacitor 10 in which a measuring chamber for receiving a sample S to be measured is defined between a central conductor or electrode 11 and an outer circumferential wall 12 forming the other conductor or electrode of the capacitor device. The conductors 11 and 12 are separated by an electri-cally insulating bottom wall 13. The capacitor or container 10 is , connected to a vibrator 14 by means of which the sample S contained in the capacitor may be vibrated and compacted so as to obtain a reproduceable degree of filling. The capacitor 10 is also connected to a weight measuring device 15 for measuring the weight of the sample S contained in the capacitor, and each of the conductors or electrodes 11 and 12 are connected to an impedance measuring device 16 which in turn is connected to a generator 17 for generating an alternating electric ~ield betwèen the conductors or electrodes 11 and 12. The vibrator 14, the weight measuring device 15, the impedance measuring device 16, and the generator 17 are each electrically connected to a control and calculating device 18, e-g- a microcomputer. This computer controls the operation of the various devices of the apparatus and calculates the content of one or more components in the sample S on the basis of the impedance or capacity measured by the device 16 when an alternating electric field is generated by the generator 17, of the weight measured by the device 15, and of empirical inform-ation stored in the memory of the computer 18.
Fig. 2 shows a modified embodiment of the apparatus where the vibrator 14 and the weight measuring device are replaced by a solenoid 19 having a core 20. The container 10 is vibratably mounted as indicated by 21. The core 20 of the solenoid 19 is mounted on the insulating bottom wall 13 of the container or capacitor 10 while the solenoid 19 is stationary mounted. An alternating current may be supplied to the solenoid 19 by a generator 22, and the solenoid 19 as well as the generator 22 are connected to the computer 18 as shown.
~ 3793 . .
. , . . ... _ . _ . . .. . , . _ , .. .. . .. . . ..
Wh the app~arla4u3s7s9h3Own in Fig. 2 is to be used, the generator 22 is energized so that it provides an AC-current to the solenoid 19 whereby the core 20 and consequently also the container or capacitor 10 are forcibly vibrated at a fre-quency de~ermined by the frequency of the AC-current from the generato~ 22. While the container 10 is being vibrated the sample S is poured into the container 10 whereby the particles of the sample are uniformly compacted, and the container 10 is completely filled with the compacted sample.
When the container 10 has been filled, the generator 22 is de-energized, and the container 10 with the core 20 will then for a short period of time continue to vibrate, but now with the natural vibrational frequency of the system.
This natural vibrational frequency is dependent on the mass or weight of the container 10, the core 20, and the sample S as well as of the elastic properties of the container mounting means 21~ It should be understood that the mass of the sample S is the only variable factor, and consequently, the natural vibrational frequency of the system is dependent on the mass or weight of the sample S. When the generator 22 has been de-energized, this natural frequency is detected by the solenoid 19, and a corresponding output signal is transmitted to the computer 18. The computer 18 then determines the weight of the sample S on the basis of that signal. In other respects the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 functions as described above in connection with Fig. 1.
It should be understood, that the principals of aspects of the present invention may be used in connection with any other apparatus for measuring one or more components of a sample of a particulate material on the basis of a permittivity value of the sample.
, --
Claims (6)
1. A method of determining at least one component of a sample of a particulate or granular material, said method comprising:
gradually introducing said sample in a movably mounted con-tainer;
compacting said sample in said container to a predetermined degree by vibrating said container during the gradual filling thereof with said sample;
exposing said compacted sample in said container to an alter-nating electric field;
measuring a permittivity value of said compacted sample;
determining said component on the basis of said permittivity value; and determining the weight of the sample based on the natural vibrational frequency of said movably mounted container with said sample contained therein.
gradually introducing said sample in a movably mounted con-tainer;
compacting said sample in said container to a predetermined degree by vibrating said container during the gradual filling thereof with said sample;
exposing said compacted sample in said container to an alter-nating electric field;
measuring a permittivity value of said compacted sample;
determining said component on the basis of said permittivity value; and determining the weight of the sample based on the natural vibrational frequency of said movably mounted container with said sample contained therein.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said sample of material is compacted by exposing it to ultrasound.
3. An apparatus for determining at least one component of a sample of a particulate material, said apparatus comprising:
a movably mounted sample container;
introducing means for gradually introducing said sample into said container;
vibratory means for vibrating said container, while said container means is gradually introducing said sample into said container, thereby to compact any said sample in said container to a predetermined degree;
means for generating an alternating electric field in said container to expose any compacted sample to said alternating electric field;
means for measuring a permittivity value of any compacted sample in said container thereby determining said component on the basis of said permittivity value; and means for determining the natural vibrational frequency of the container or receptacle and a sample arranged therein, thereby deter-mining the weight of any sample based on said natural vibrational fre-quency of said movably mounted container with said sample contained therein.
a movably mounted sample container;
introducing means for gradually introducing said sample into said container;
vibratory means for vibrating said container, while said container means is gradually introducing said sample into said container, thereby to compact any said sample in said container to a predetermined degree;
means for generating an alternating electric field in said container to expose any compacted sample to said alternating electric field;
means for measuring a permittivity value of any compacted sample in said container thereby determining said component on the basis of said permittivity value; and means for determining the natural vibrational frequency of the container or receptacle and a sample arranged therein, thereby deter-mining the weight of any sample based on said natural vibrational fre-quency of said movably mounted container with said sample contained therein.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said compacting means com-prises a source of ultrasound.
5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said vibratory means comprise a solenoid and a magnetic core mounted movably in relation thereto.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5, including weight deter-mining means comprising said solenoid and said magnetic core.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK259978A DK259978A (en) | 1978-06-09 | 1978-06-09 | PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING ONE OR MORE COMPONENTS IN A MATERIAL TEST |
| DK2599/78 | 1978-06-09 | ||
| FR78.36446 | 1978-12-27 | ||
| FR7836446A FR2428252A1 (en) | 1978-06-09 | 1978-12-27 | Grading grains and other particulate materials - by applying vibration to obtain reproducible compacting and determining mass by natural frequency of vibration |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1143793A true CA1143793A (en) | 1983-03-29 |
Family
ID=26066630
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000329361A Expired CA1143793A (en) | 1978-06-09 | 1979-06-08 | Method and apparatus for determining at least one component of a sample of grain, seed, or another particulate material |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4319491A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1143793A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2644244A1 (en) * | 1989-03-07 | 1990-09-14 | Renault | Measurement probe for moisture meter (hygrometer) |
| US6751576B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2004-06-15 | Cognis Corporation | On-site agricultural product analysis system and method of analyzing |
| US7194369B2 (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2007-03-20 | Cognis Corporation | On-site analysis system with central processor and method of analyzing |
| US20050097021A1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2005-05-05 | Martin Behr | Object analysis apparatus |
| FR2914998B1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2009-07-03 | Alessandro Manneschi | DEVICE FOR ANALYZING THE COMPOSITION OF THE CONTENT OF A CONTAINER COMPRISING MEANS FOR OBTAINING AT LEAST ONE ADDITIONAL PHYSICAL DATA RELATING TO THE CONTAINER |
| US10617124B2 (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2020-04-14 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Kitchen appliance and method |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2353492A (en) * | 1942-01-16 | 1944-07-11 | John C O'connor | Vibration producing mechanism |
| US2523363A (en) * | 1945-01-26 | 1950-09-26 | Rca Corp | Method and apparatus for filling containers with a predetermined amount of dielectric material |
| US2665409A (en) * | 1950-08-30 | 1954-01-05 | Quaker Oats Co | Method and apparatus for determining moisture content or other variables in organic materials |
| US3739264A (en) * | 1971-06-11 | 1973-06-12 | Agridustrial Electronics | Grain moisture tester |
| US4121151A (en) * | 1977-04-27 | 1978-10-17 | Dickey-John Corporation | Analysis instrument |
-
1979
- 1979-06-08 CA CA000329361A patent/CA1143793A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-08 US US06/046,709 patent/US4319491A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4319491A (en) | 1982-03-16 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |