CA1135348A - Flat spiral wound induction heating coil - Google Patents
Flat spiral wound induction heating coilInfo
- Publication number
- CA1135348A CA1135348A CA000348913A CA348913A CA1135348A CA 1135348 A CA1135348 A CA 1135348A CA 000348913 A CA000348913 A CA 000348913A CA 348913 A CA348913 A CA 348913A CA 1135348 A CA1135348 A CA 1135348A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- induction heating
- coil
- heating coil
- turns
- insulating material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/12—Cooking devices
- H05B6/1209—Cooking devices induction cooking plates or the like and devices to be used in combination with them
- H05B6/1245—Cooking devices induction cooking plates or the like and devices to be used in combination with them with special coil arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/12—Cooking devices
- H05B6/1209—Cooking devices induction cooking plates or the like and devices to be used in combination with them
- H05B6/1245—Cooking devices induction cooking plates or the like and devices to be used in combination with them with special coil arrangements
- H05B6/1281—Cooking devices induction cooking plates or the like and devices to be used in combination with them with special coil arrangements with flat coils
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
Abstract
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
INDUCTION HEATING COIL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An improved flat induction heating coil for a cooking apparatus of the type in which an electrically conductive cook-ing utensil is heated according to the principle of electromag-netic induction. To provide a substantially uniform magnetic flux density distribution in the induction coil constituting a part of the cooking apparatus, and,hence, a uniform temperature dis-tribution across the bottom of the cooking utensil, a refractory insulating material is wound adjacent inner turns of the coil to provide a comparatively larger winding pitch for said inner turns than for outer turns. This arrangement makes for a flattened temperature profile and eliminates an unevent cooking of food.
INDUCTION HEATING COIL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An improved flat induction heating coil for a cooking apparatus of the type in which an electrically conductive cook-ing utensil is heated according to the principle of electromag-netic induction. To provide a substantially uniform magnetic flux density distribution in the induction coil constituting a part of the cooking apparatus, and,hence, a uniform temperature dis-tribution across the bottom of the cooking utensil, a refractory insulating material is wound adjacent inner turns of the coil to provide a comparatively larger winding pitch for said inner turns than for outer turns. This arrangement makes for a flattened temperature profile and eliminates an unevent cooking of food.
Description
~135348 SPECIFICATION
. . _ BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
_.
Eield of the Invention _ _ . ...
This invention relates to an induction heating coil.
More particularly, this invention relates to an induction heating coil for a cooking appliance of the induction heating type.
Des_ription of the Prior Art A cooking appliance of the induction heatingtype is gener-ally of the construction illustrated in Figs. l and 2. Thus, a commercial power supply is transformed into a high frequency electric current of, say, about 20.KHz by meàns of an inverter circuit 1 such as a transistor or thyristor and this high frequency electric current is fed to a flat induction heat-ing coil 2. Alternately, without the above-mentioned trans-formation into a high frequency electric current, the low frequency current is directly fed to the flat induction heating coil. When an electrically conductive cooking utensil 4 is placed on such an induction heating coil 2 through an interposed insulating top plate 3 which may for example be made of ceramic material, the resulting magnetic flux travers-ing through said electrically conductive utensil 4 generates an electromotive force in the utensil 4, whereby an eddy current is induced. This eddy current and the resistance of the utensil generate a thermal energy, whereby the food con-tained in the utensil 4 is heated. This direct heatino of ~ `:
1~353~8 a cooking utensil by such magnetic flux offers several advantages over other heat sources such as firewood, gas, oil and an electric heater. Thus, induction heating involves only a fraction of heat loss and provided a high heat efficiency without a waste of energy, thus contributing con-siderably to the conservation of energy. Furthermore, since it does not involve a high-temperature heat source such as a burning firewood, gas or oil or an electric heater, induction heating is a heating means which can be safely handled even by the child and aged person without fear of a burn or fires. The absence of a high-temperature heat source means, also, that cooking with an induction heating appliance does not elevate the temperature of the ambient atmosphere, nor does it require a supply of air for combustion. The above things mean that the atmosphere in the room is not spoiled by cooking.
Thus, a cooking apparatus of the induction heating type offers a number of advantages over the conventional cooking devices. However, the prior art cooking appliance of induc-tion heating type employs a flat circular coil of conductormetal. The solid metal conductor is an inexpensive material but since it is subject to a high frequency skin effect, a coil wound at a close pitch entails a large energy loss and, hence, provides only a low heat efficiency. To avoid such loss of energy, the coil must be wound with a gap betweer turns but in order to provide a given energy output, such a 11353~8 loose coil must have an increased outside diameter as compared with a coil wound at a close pitch, thus detracting from the compactness of the heating unit. A loosely wound coil has the additional disadvantage of low output per unit area.
To obviate the above-mentioned disadvantages of a solid metal conductor, it has been proposed to fabricate an induc-tion heating coil from the so-called litz wire which is actually a plurality of fine-gage metal wires twisted together.
The litz wire is characterized in that it entails only a small energy loss even when wound with a close pitch and makes for the manufacture of a small induction coil, thus contributing to a reduced size of the heating unit. Moreover, since this coil material does not present any problem even when wound at a loose pitch, one is almost at liberty to select any suitable coil size.
However, if such a litz wire is wound at a fixed pitch, i.e. with equal gaps between turns, there occurs the problem that the magnetic flux density is high in an inner area of the coil and low in the outer or peripheral area, with the result that the heating unit presents an uneven temperature profile such that a relatively high temperature prevails in said inner area and a relatively low temperature is available in the peripheral area. Since the foregoing means that the central area of the bottom of a cooking utensil is heated to a higher temperature than is the peripheral area of the bottom, the coil wound at a fixed pitch has the drawback that, in baking a cake in a pan, for example, only the central area of the cake is done well Fig. 3 shows a typical temperature distribution for the prior art induction heating coil of litz wire as wound at a uniform pitch. It will be seen that the temperature is lower at the inner turns of the coil, with the highest temperature occurring at Ro which is displaced a short distance from the ~A 3 1~35348 inside diameter rl of the coil toward its outside diameter~
This is because the magnetic flux density is highest in the neighborhood of Ro and this condition entails an increased high frequency loss of the coil 2, an increased temperature buildup in the coil itself and, hence, a waste of energy.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
_ _ _ It is, therefore, a first object of this invention to provide an induction heating coil for a cooking apparatus of induction heating type, which provides a uniform temperature distribution across the bottom of a cooking utensil.
It is another object of this invention to provide an induction heating coil with a reduced high frequency loss and, hence, a reduced loss of energy and free from an abnormal temperature buildup in the coil itself.
These objects are achieved by providing an induction heat-ing coil according to this invention comprising a flat spiral wound induction heating coil of inner and outer pitch for a cooking appliance of the induction heating type which comprises a coil winding of litz wire having inner and outer turns, the outer turns being directly adjacent with each other and having a substantially uniform pitch and a strip of electrically insulating material which is wound along between and adjacent to only said inner turns of said coil winding of litz wire so as to provide a comparatively larger substantially uniformly winding pitch for said inner turns of litz wire than the pitch of said outer turns thereof and thereby providing a uni-form temperature distribution across the bottom of the appli-ance. The winding of the insulating material preferably has a diameter not more than about half the outside diameter of the induction heating coil. The insulating material can be glass, asbestos or resin. The insulating material and the litz wire are preferably substantially equal in outside diameter.
11353~
The induction heating coil of this invention will be described below in further detail, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a cooking appliance;
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional elevation of the principal part of said appliance;
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the temperature characteristic of the prior art induction heating coil used in a cooking appliance;
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the induc-tion heating coil for a cooking appliance, which is in accordance with this invention;
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the temperature charactertistic of the induction heating coil depicted in Fig. 4; and Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the coil illustrated in Fig. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIO~
~. .
A preferred embodiment of this invention is described 2n below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In Fig. 4, there is a cross-sectional elevation view showing an induc-tion heating coil according to this invention. This induc-tion heating coil 5 is manufactured by winding a litz wire 6 into a flat coil with a continuous strip of refractory in-sulating material 7 wound adjacent inner turns of the litz wire.
By the above interposition of insulating material 7, the winding pitch of litz wire 6 is substantially increased, by an amount equal to the width of the insulating strip, so that the magnetic flux density per unit area can be reduced in the neighborhood of the inside diameter of the coil~ The insulating material 7 is preferably a continuous strip or ribbon having a diameter equal to that of litz wire 6, for such a strip does not produce an uneven surface in the coil unit and is easy to wind in the manufacturing process.
In order that the above insulating material 7 may function to the best advantage, it is desirably wound adjacent inner turns of litz wire inwardly of a position corresponding to approximately one-third to one-half of the outside diameter of the coil 5 as measured from the outer edge thereof. Specifically, the insulat-ing material 7 may be wound advantageously starting at r3 = (rl + r2)/2 [wherein rl and r2 are the inside and outside diameters of induction heating coil 5] and progressing in an inward direction.
The contemplated effect cannot be attained fully when the diameter of this insulating winding is too small, while an exces-sively large insulating diameter results in an increased size of the induction heating coil unit and may provide only a temper-ature distribution similar to that of the conventional coil.
While a variety of materials may be used for the above in-sulting material 7, a preformed ribbon of asbestos yarn, glass yarn or Nomex Tape (the registered trademark of E. I. Du Pont de Nemours Co.) are noted as examples.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the induction heating coil according to this invention, showing the insulating material 7 wound only adjacent the inner turns of the litz wire coil 6.
Because the insulating material 7 and litz wire 6 can be wound simultaneously, the manufacturing of the coil is facilitated.
Moreover, since the winding pitch of litz wire 6 is exclusively dictated by size (diameter) of insulating material, a uniform winding is assured with higher accuracy than it is the case when a mere open space is provided between turns without the inter-position of insulating material.
Having thus described this invention, the present inventors ~ow claim as their invention as recited in the appended claims.
. . _ BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
_.
Eield of the Invention _ _ . ...
This invention relates to an induction heating coil.
More particularly, this invention relates to an induction heating coil for a cooking appliance of the induction heating type.
Des_ription of the Prior Art A cooking appliance of the induction heatingtype is gener-ally of the construction illustrated in Figs. l and 2. Thus, a commercial power supply is transformed into a high frequency electric current of, say, about 20.KHz by meàns of an inverter circuit 1 such as a transistor or thyristor and this high frequency electric current is fed to a flat induction heat-ing coil 2. Alternately, without the above-mentioned trans-formation into a high frequency electric current, the low frequency current is directly fed to the flat induction heating coil. When an electrically conductive cooking utensil 4 is placed on such an induction heating coil 2 through an interposed insulating top plate 3 which may for example be made of ceramic material, the resulting magnetic flux travers-ing through said electrically conductive utensil 4 generates an electromotive force in the utensil 4, whereby an eddy current is induced. This eddy current and the resistance of the utensil generate a thermal energy, whereby the food con-tained in the utensil 4 is heated. This direct heatino of ~ `:
1~353~8 a cooking utensil by such magnetic flux offers several advantages over other heat sources such as firewood, gas, oil and an electric heater. Thus, induction heating involves only a fraction of heat loss and provided a high heat efficiency without a waste of energy, thus contributing con-siderably to the conservation of energy. Furthermore, since it does not involve a high-temperature heat source such as a burning firewood, gas or oil or an electric heater, induction heating is a heating means which can be safely handled even by the child and aged person without fear of a burn or fires. The absence of a high-temperature heat source means, also, that cooking with an induction heating appliance does not elevate the temperature of the ambient atmosphere, nor does it require a supply of air for combustion. The above things mean that the atmosphere in the room is not spoiled by cooking.
Thus, a cooking apparatus of the induction heating type offers a number of advantages over the conventional cooking devices. However, the prior art cooking appliance of induc-tion heating type employs a flat circular coil of conductormetal. The solid metal conductor is an inexpensive material but since it is subject to a high frequency skin effect, a coil wound at a close pitch entails a large energy loss and, hence, provides only a low heat efficiency. To avoid such loss of energy, the coil must be wound with a gap betweer turns but in order to provide a given energy output, such a 11353~8 loose coil must have an increased outside diameter as compared with a coil wound at a close pitch, thus detracting from the compactness of the heating unit. A loosely wound coil has the additional disadvantage of low output per unit area.
To obviate the above-mentioned disadvantages of a solid metal conductor, it has been proposed to fabricate an induc-tion heating coil from the so-called litz wire which is actually a plurality of fine-gage metal wires twisted together.
The litz wire is characterized in that it entails only a small energy loss even when wound with a close pitch and makes for the manufacture of a small induction coil, thus contributing to a reduced size of the heating unit. Moreover, since this coil material does not present any problem even when wound at a loose pitch, one is almost at liberty to select any suitable coil size.
However, if such a litz wire is wound at a fixed pitch, i.e. with equal gaps between turns, there occurs the problem that the magnetic flux density is high in an inner area of the coil and low in the outer or peripheral area, with the result that the heating unit presents an uneven temperature profile such that a relatively high temperature prevails in said inner area and a relatively low temperature is available in the peripheral area. Since the foregoing means that the central area of the bottom of a cooking utensil is heated to a higher temperature than is the peripheral area of the bottom, the coil wound at a fixed pitch has the drawback that, in baking a cake in a pan, for example, only the central area of the cake is done well Fig. 3 shows a typical temperature distribution for the prior art induction heating coil of litz wire as wound at a uniform pitch. It will be seen that the temperature is lower at the inner turns of the coil, with the highest temperature occurring at Ro which is displaced a short distance from the ~A 3 1~35348 inside diameter rl of the coil toward its outside diameter~
This is because the magnetic flux density is highest in the neighborhood of Ro and this condition entails an increased high frequency loss of the coil 2, an increased temperature buildup in the coil itself and, hence, a waste of energy.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
_ _ _ It is, therefore, a first object of this invention to provide an induction heating coil for a cooking apparatus of induction heating type, which provides a uniform temperature distribution across the bottom of a cooking utensil.
It is another object of this invention to provide an induction heating coil with a reduced high frequency loss and, hence, a reduced loss of energy and free from an abnormal temperature buildup in the coil itself.
These objects are achieved by providing an induction heat-ing coil according to this invention comprising a flat spiral wound induction heating coil of inner and outer pitch for a cooking appliance of the induction heating type which comprises a coil winding of litz wire having inner and outer turns, the outer turns being directly adjacent with each other and having a substantially uniform pitch and a strip of electrically insulating material which is wound along between and adjacent to only said inner turns of said coil winding of litz wire so as to provide a comparatively larger substantially uniformly winding pitch for said inner turns of litz wire than the pitch of said outer turns thereof and thereby providing a uni-form temperature distribution across the bottom of the appli-ance. The winding of the insulating material preferably has a diameter not more than about half the outside diameter of the induction heating coil. The insulating material can be glass, asbestos or resin. The insulating material and the litz wire are preferably substantially equal in outside diameter.
11353~
The induction heating coil of this invention will be described below in further detail, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a cooking appliance;
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional elevation of the principal part of said appliance;
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the temperature characteristic of the prior art induction heating coil used in a cooking appliance;
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the induc-tion heating coil for a cooking appliance, which is in accordance with this invention;
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the temperature charactertistic of the induction heating coil depicted in Fig. 4; and Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the coil illustrated in Fig. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIO~
~. .
A preferred embodiment of this invention is described 2n below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In Fig. 4, there is a cross-sectional elevation view showing an induc-tion heating coil according to this invention. This induc-tion heating coil 5 is manufactured by winding a litz wire 6 into a flat coil with a continuous strip of refractory in-sulating material 7 wound adjacent inner turns of the litz wire.
By the above interposition of insulating material 7, the winding pitch of litz wire 6 is substantially increased, by an amount equal to the width of the insulating strip, so that the magnetic flux density per unit area can be reduced in the neighborhood of the inside diameter of the coil~ The insulating material 7 is preferably a continuous strip or ribbon having a diameter equal to that of litz wire 6, for such a strip does not produce an uneven surface in the coil unit and is easy to wind in the manufacturing process.
In order that the above insulating material 7 may function to the best advantage, it is desirably wound adjacent inner turns of litz wire inwardly of a position corresponding to approximately one-third to one-half of the outside diameter of the coil 5 as measured from the outer edge thereof. Specifically, the insulat-ing material 7 may be wound advantageously starting at r3 = (rl + r2)/2 [wherein rl and r2 are the inside and outside diameters of induction heating coil 5] and progressing in an inward direction.
The contemplated effect cannot be attained fully when the diameter of this insulating winding is too small, while an exces-sively large insulating diameter results in an increased size of the induction heating coil unit and may provide only a temper-ature distribution similar to that of the conventional coil.
While a variety of materials may be used for the above in-sulting material 7, a preformed ribbon of asbestos yarn, glass yarn or Nomex Tape (the registered trademark of E. I. Du Pont de Nemours Co.) are noted as examples.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the induction heating coil according to this invention, showing the insulating material 7 wound only adjacent the inner turns of the litz wire coil 6.
Because the insulating material 7 and litz wire 6 can be wound simultaneously, the manufacturing of the coil is facilitated.
Moreover, since the winding pitch of litz wire 6 is exclusively dictated by size (diameter) of insulating material, a uniform winding is assured with higher accuracy than it is the case when a mere open space is provided between turns without the inter-position of insulating material.
Having thus described this invention, the present inventors ~ow claim as their invention as recited in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A flat spiral wound induction heating coil of inner and outer pitch for a cooking appliance of the induction heating type which comprises a coil winding of litz wire having inner and outer turns, the outer turns being directly adjacent with each other and having substantially uniform pitch and a strip of electrically insulating material which is wound along between and adjacent to only said inner turns of said coil winding of litz wire so as to provide a comparatively larger substantially uniform winding pitch for said inner turns of litz wire than the pitch of said outer turns thereof and thereby providing a uniform temperature distribution across the bottom of the cooking appliance.
2. A flat induction heating coil as set forth in claim 1 where-in the winding of said insulating material has a diameter not more than about one-half of the outside diameter of the induction heating coil.
3. A flat induction heating coil as set forth in claim 1 where-in said insulating material is made of a member selected from the groun consisting of glass, asbestos and resin.
4. An induction heating coil as set forth in claim 1 wherein said insulating material and litz wire are substantially equal in outer diameter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1979044205U JPS55144796U (en) | 1979-04-04 | 1979-04-04 | |
| JP44205/1979 | 1979-04-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1135348A true CA1135348A (en) | 1982-11-09 |
Family
ID=12685052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000348913A Expired CA1135348A (en) | 1979-04-04 | 1980-03-31 | Flat spiral wound induction heating coil |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4296295A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS55144796U (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1135348A (en) |
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| US6555801B1 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2003-04-29 | Melrose, Inc. | Induction heating coil, device and method of use |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2120564A5 (en) * | 1971-01-08 | 1972-08-18 | Stel | |
| US3781503A (en) * | 1971-11-19 | 1973-12-25 | Gen Electric | Solid state induction cooking appliances and circuits |
| US3814888A (en) * | 1971-11-19 | 1974-06-04 | Gen Electric | Solid state induction cooking appliance |
| US3786219A (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1974-01-15 | Gen Electric | Solid state induction cooking systems for ranges and surface cooking units |
| US3781504A (en) * | 1971-12-29 | 1973-12-25 | Gen Electric | Induction cooking appliance including temperature sensing of inductively heated cooking vessel by radiation detection means |
| US3786220A (en) * | 1971-12-29 | 1974-01-15 | Gen Electric | Induction cooking appliance including temperature sensing of inductively heated cooking vessel |
| DE2217407A1 (en) * | 1972-04-11 | 1973-11-29 | Siemens Ag | INDUCTION HEATING COIL FOR CRUCIBLE-FREE ZONE MELTING |
| US4029926A (en) * | 1974-10-29 | 1977-06-14 | Roper Corporation | Work coil for use in an induction cooking appliance |
-
1979
- 1979-04-04 JP JP1979044205U patent/JPS55144796U/ja active Pending
-
1980
- 1980-03-25 US US06/133,685 patent/US4296295A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-03-31 CA CA000348913A patent/CA1135348A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9339645B2 (en) | 2010-05-02 | 2016-05-17 | Nervive, Inc. | Modulating function of the facial nerve system or related neural structures via the ear |
| US10105549B2 (en) | 2010-05-02 | 2018-10-23 | Nervive, Inc. | Modulating function of neural structures near the ear |
| US10065047B2 (en) | 2013-05-20 | 2018-09-04 | Nervive, Inc. | Coordinating emergency treatment of cardiac dysfunction and non-cardiac neural dysfunction |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4296295A (en) | 1981-10-20 |
| JPS55144796U (en) | 1980-10-17 |
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