CA1120550A - Measuring head enabling the production of physiological measurement signals designed to be positioned on or in corporeal parts - Google Patents
Measuring head enabling the production of physiological measurement signals designed to be positioned on or in corporeal partsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1120550A CA1120550A CA000323767A CA323767A CA1120550A CA 1120550 A CA1120550 A CA 1120550A CA 000323767 A CA000323767 A CA 000323767A CA 323767 A CA323767 A CA 323767A CA 1120550 A CA1120550 A CA 1120550A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- insulating body
- measuring head
- claw
- head according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/43—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems
- A61B5/4306—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems for evaluating the female reproductive systems, e.g. gynaecological evaluations
- A61B5/4343—Pregnancy and labour monitoring, e.g. for labour onset detection
- A61B5/4362—Assessing foetal parameters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/28—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B5/283—Invasive
- A61B5/288—Invasive for foetal cardiography, e.g. scalp electrodes
Abstract
IN THE PATENT OFFICE
PATENT APPLICATION
entitled MEASURING HEAD ENABLING THE PRODUCTION OF
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT SIGNALS DESIGNED
TO BE POSITIONED ON OR IN CORPOREAL PARTS
in the name of Claude BERNARD
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The measuring head enables the production of measuring signals relating to electrical activity and measuring signals relating to an ionic or physico-chemical activity, notably pH, and is designed to be located on or in parts of a living body, notably on the head of an unborn infant. It comprises an insulating body bearing fastening claws. At the moment of positioning, the insulating body introduces actively an electrode sensitive to the electrical activity and at least one electrode sensitive to an ionic or physical activity.
These electrodes are constructed in needle form, said body having also a reference electrode associated with the electrode sensitive to the ionic or physical activity.
PATENT APPLICATION
entitled MEASURING HEAD ENABLING THE PRODUCTION OF
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT SIGNALS DESIGNED
TO BE POSITIONED ON OR IN CORPOREAL PARTS
in the name of Claude BERNARD
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The measuring head enables the production of measuring signals relating to electrical activity and measuring signals relating to an ionic or physico-chemical activity, notably pH, and is designed to be located on or in parts of a living body, notably on the head of an unborn infant. It comprises an insulating body bearing fastening claws. At the moment of positioning, the insulating body introduces actively an electrode sensitive to the electrical activity and at least one electrode sensitive to an ionic or physical activity.
These electrodes are constructed in needle form, said body having also a reference electrode associated with the electrode sensitive to the ionic or physical activity.
Description
The present invention relates to a combination measuring head, designed to be positioned on or in parts of the body, enabling the production of measuring signals relating to an electrical action or activity on the one hand, and to an ionic or physico-chemical action on the other hand.
It is known, to carry out measurements on unborn infants, to use a measuring head constituted by a spiral shaped double claw, with two sharp ends displaced by 180 with respect to one another, enabling an electrocardiograph signal to be taken, positioned concentrically with respect to a central electrode, constituted by a glass material sensitive to hydrogen ion activity and enabling the local tissue pH to be sampled. The whole is fixed to an insulating body.
This configuration presents a certain number of drawbacks. The first relates to its positioning technique.
The latter is effected, in fact, in two stages: in a first stage, preliminary positioning of the spiral elecl:rode which permits, in addition to the Eixing of the whole of -the measuring head to the part to whiah it is applied, the pick-up ~f the electrocardiographic signal.
The glass pH electrode, associated with its own reference electrode is then introduced through a central orifice, situated in the insulating body of the measuring head so that it is held in place. It is hence positioned only after the spiral electrode has been applied. ~he positioning of this type of measuring head requires, on the part of the user, complex and difficult manipulations which can disturb the patient.
The double spiral shaped claw requires also to be protected, by positioning accessories, notably to avoid injuring the patient during the introduction of -the lat-ter into the corporeal part.
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The second drawback o~ this measuri.ny head relates to its relative fragility. In fact, when it is placed on the "scalp" of the unborn infant, it may frequently happen that, as a result of movements of sufficiently great ampli-~ude of the latter, that it is placed in overhanging position and that, as a result of forces which are too great, the glass electrode becomes broken, and the spiral electrode claws become deformed. This is explained by the fact that the support surface of -the measuring head is small with respect to its height, and also by the fact that its axis of symmetry, coinciding moreover with the incoming electrical leads, is perpendicular to the fixing surface.
The third drawback relates to the relative instabil-ity of the fixing of -the measuxing head. The latter is in fact fixed by means of the spiral shaped double claw which is introduced onto the skin by a helical rotary movement.
Following the movements of the unborn infant, the measuring head has a tendency to perform by itself a reverse rotary movement, tending to disengaye it from the skin. This dis-engagement of the ~astening may have the effect of creatingdiscontinuities in the signals supplied by the electrodes of the measuring head and, consequently, resulting in poor interpretation of the latter.
Another drawback arises from the fact that the reference electrode, associated with the p~ measuring electrode, is most currently constituted by a silver-silver chloride wire dipping into a solution of KCl which must be kept in a container of sufficient capacity to be able to mois-ten the corporeal part in contact with the reference electrode during the whole time of measurement. This container, being situated in the body of the measuring head, consequently has a limi-ted capacity, as well as access means, or its possible 111ing in the course of the measurement, dificult to reach Consequently, it appeared useful to provide a no~el device, according to the present invention, enabling the above-said drawbacks to be elimlnated and notably the position~
ing of the measuring head in a single operation, without the use of a positioning accessory and without risk of in-juries during its positioning on the corporeal part.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a novel measuring head construction which can, in spite of movements of considerable amplitude of the part ~.
where the measuring head is applied, withstand considerable .
forces, without excessive deformation or breakage of all : or a part of the :latter.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a fastening for the measuring head which, inspite of these movemen~s is not releasable without external human inter-vention in order to avoid as ar as possible, consequently, discontinuities in the measuring signals an~ misinterpreta-tion of the latter.
It is another object of the invention to provide a reference electrode, associated with the tissue ion activity measuring electrode, whose container is of large capacity, and whose filling orifice is easy to reach, even in the course of the measurement.
It is also an object of the invention to constitute a measuring head combination, enabling the simultaneous production of measuring signals relating to electrical action as well as to ionic action, or physico-chemical actlon, of -the corporeal part where it is applied, and whose positioning may be possible in a single operatlon, without the use of ".~
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a special protective accessory ~or the claw during the positioning and with less risk of tearing the surface of the corporeal part, on or in which it is placed, during its introduction.
Another object of the invention is to produce a measuring head which, once positioned on or in the corporeal part, is mechanically stable, in spite of the movement of the part where the measuring head is applied, and which cannot be placed in overhanging position, following its movements, thus reducing risks of breakage or deformation of the electrodes.
Another object of the invention is to construct a measuring head whose fastening device cannot be disengaged, without external human intervention, following movements of the part on which it is applied, in order to avoid the measuring signals being interruptedO
It is another object of the invention to provide a measuring head whose electrode, sensitive to ionic activity, forms an in~egral part of the mechanical fixing device o~ the latter to the corporeal part where it is applied, in association with the one or more electrodes se.nsitive to the electrical ac~ivity to be measured.
~ further object of the invention is to provide a measuring head, having a reference electrode which can be KCl, whose container is of large capacity and is provided with a filling orifice easy of access, so that it can be fed from the outside, if necessary continuously, without, however, th0 outer dimensions of the measuring head being increased and without the measurement being interrupted.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a measuring head, having a reference electrode which can be with KCL and which is easily replaceable.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF l~HE INVENTION
According to the invention there may be therefore provided a measuring head enabling the production both, and preferably simultaneously, of physiological measuring signals, notably of measuring signals relating to an electrical activity, for example, for an electrocardiogram [ECG) and of signals relating t~ ionic or physico-chemical activity, preferably the pH, designed to be positioned on and/or in corporeal parts, notably on the skull of the unborn ~ -,~
infant, said heat comprising an insulating body bearing claw means which can serve as electrodes sensitive to the electrical activity, said measuring heat being characterized by the fact that said insulating body presents actively, at the moment of positioning, said electrode sensitive to the electrical activity and at least one electrode sensitive to an ionic or physical activity, said electrodes being constructed in the form of semi-circular, spiral or linear needles, said body bearing also a reference elec~rode associated with the electrode sensit.ive to the ionic activity.
In a broad embodiment the present invention provides a measuring head adapted to be positioned on or in corporeal parts of a living body, said head comprising: an insulating bo~y; said insulating body having a first electrode means which is sensitive to the electrical activity of said corporeal parts, an electrical lead operatively connected to and extending from said first electrode means; said insulating body also having a second electrode means which is sensitive to an ionic or physical activity of said corporeal parts, an electrical lead operatively connected to and extending 5~
from said second electrode means; an elonga~ed sheath means being connected to and extending from said insulating body, said electrical leads extending from the insulating body along said sheath means; said insulating body having a claw means movable between a retracted position within said insulating body and an extended position out of said insulating body whereat it is positioned to enter the corporeal parts, to thereby secure the measuring head to the corporeal parts;
control means for moving the claw means between said retracted and extended positions such that in the said extended position the law means has entered the corporeal parts while said first and second electrode means simultaneously engage the corporeal parts.
In a preferred embodiment there is provided such a head wherein said second electrode means is distinct from said claw means and comprises a selective electrode having a needle form and being mechanically connected to said claw means to be movable between a retxacted position in said insulating body and an extended position into said corporeal parts. The claw means and said selective electrode may be mechanically coupled to each other so as to be simultaneously extended or retracted relative to the insulating body.
In a further preferred embodiment there is provided such a measuring head including an electrically conductive flexible rod located in said sheath, and`wherein said conductive outer member is electrically connected to said rod, said rod forming a part of said control means or transmitting movements to both said claw means and said selective electrode.
In a further preferred embodiment there is provided a measuring head as indicated above wherein said insulating 3'1~t5~
body comprises an ovoid insulating body having an elongated base with a flars bottom part, said base being traversed by an orifice slightly inclined with respect of said bottom part for slideably receiving reciprocating second electrode means sensitive to an ionic or physi¢al activity of said corporeal parts, said second electrode means having a needle form and being provided with an outer tubular conduc~ive member for forming an electrode sensitive to the electrical activity of said corporeal parts, electrical lead means for said electrode means, a removable ovoid cap on said base, ~t least one curved needle forming a claw mounted on said body, an elongated sheath means connected to said insulating body and surxounding said electrical lead means, and an elongated mechanical member movable in said elongated sheath means extending from said base, for moving said electrode means and said at least one claw between a retracted position in said body and an extended position wherein they penetrate into said corporeal parts following directions approaching one another.
In a preferred embodiment of the measuring head according to the invention, said head has, as claw means, movable and retractable claws capable, by external actuation, of penetrating into the corporeal part against which the head is applied, said claws being preferably sensitive to the electrical activity, as well as at Ieast one electrode sensitive to the ionic activity also movable and retractable.
Particularly advantageously, said electrode sensitive to the onic activity penetrates into the corresponding organ, for example, the scalp of the unborn child, with a very small angle of incidence with respect to the surface of said organ, the direction of penetration being preferably opposite the direction 5~
of the penetration of the movable and retractable claw-shaped electrodes. Particularly preferably, said movable and retractable claw and said electrode sensitive to the ionic activity are mechanically coupled so as to be simultaneously extended or retracted.
Advantageously, the insulating casing can have, at the level of the penetration zone of the electrode sensitive to the ionic or physical activity and/or of the claws, recesses causing the passage of a discontinuity in the curve of the skin surface, to facilitate the piercing of the skin and the fastening.
Still in this preferred embodiment, the me~suring head according to the invention may advantageously include a flexible sheath of which one of the ends is placed in abut-ment on a correspond.ing end of the casing, the other end of the sheath including an adjusting means, said sheath surrounding a flexible e~tension of the body of said electrode sensi.tive to the ionic or physical activity as well. as that of its associated reference electrode, the electrical leads of the measuring signals and a longilinear and flexible mechanical member transmitting to said movable and retrac-table electrodes the translation movement ob-tained by said adjusting means.
The associated reference electrode, which can be notably a KCl electrode, extends advantageously over the whole length of the sheath to form in -this way an enlarged KCl container. This electrode is terminated advantageously at the level of -the surface of the casing applied against the skin of the corresponding member, by a porous boundary means for the KCl, for example a porous ceramic or a tablet of suitable material.
In a specific embodiment, said casing may be provided with one or two discardable reference electrodes such as, .~ - 8 =.
for example, a gelled KCl plate protected b~ a porous coating, for example of paper. Again in a specific embodiment, the head can have a removable discardable cap, said cap having one or several KCl containers, as well as one or several associated electrical contacts and capable oE being applied, at the moment of mounting the base, on a complementary contact presented by the receiver portion of the casing, the electrical transmis~ion being effected through a suitable lead from this latter contact.
In order to facilitate, if necessary, replacement of the claw means, which are preferably curved claws urged by elastic means into inserted position and capable of being withdrawn, against said elastic means, by the external adjusting device, it is possible to provide for the casing to bea.r one or several metal pincers capable of receiving the fixed end of said claw means to ensure electrical continuity~
BRI~F DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other ~eatures, advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the descriptlon which ~ollows, given by way of non-limiting example, with re~erence to the accompanying drawing in which:
Figure 1 shows diagrammatically a preferred embodi-ment of a measuring head according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows the detail of a simple mechanism enabling the coupling of the movement of the electrode sensitive to the ionic action with the rotary movement of the claw;
Figure 3 shows a diagrammati.c view of an adjusting means for the head according to the invent:ion;
Figure 4 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a measuring head according to the invention;
Figure 5 shows a view from above of this embodiment, the removable and discardable cap being shown in mixed lines;
Figure 6 shows a view similar to that o:E ~igure 4, but with the electrodes retracted;
Figures 7, 8 and 9 show lateral, overhead and end views of the base of a measuring head according to the invention;
Figures 10, 11 and 12 show views in lateral section, in half-section from the end, and from above, of the removable cap;
Figure 13 shows a partial view of the cap in an -~
embodiment with a discardable reference electrode;
Figure 14 shows a lateral view of external adjusting means;
Figure 15 illustrates another embodiment of the invention; and Figure 16 shows also yet another embodiment of the invention .
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the embodiment. i.llustrated in Figure 1, the measuring head inaludes a slngle or double claw la, oE semi-circular shape, movable around a horizontal axle 2a, parallelto the body surface where the measuring head is applied, which can emerge fro~ or penetrate into the casing 3 forming the body of the measuring head/ by a rotary movement and enabling the pick-up, when it is driven into the body part, of a signal derived from the electrical activity of the ~atter. The measuring head includes on the other hand, a selective electrode 4, sensitive to the hydrogen ion activity, formed by a fine stainless steel tube 5 with a beueled end, contain-ing and protecting the selective electrode 4 proper and allowing the slight protrusion, on the side of the beveled end, of the sensitive diaphragm 6 which can be of glass.
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This electrode 4, reckil~near in shape, is gi~en a linear translation movement, along an inclined axis coinciding with the axis of the hollow cylindrical sheath 7, itself coming into abutment with the casing 3 and extending between the two precedin~ claws la, at the level of the corporeal part.
The selective electrode 4 is advantageously a p~l detection electrode of the usual commercially sold type.
It is seen that the direction of penetration of this electrode is opposite the direction of penetration of the claws la, which ensures firm fastening of the measuring head.
A movable mechanical element 8a, coupling the selective electrode 4 to the double claw la, enables the translation movement of the first to be converted into a rotary movement of the second. This operation is done so that when the selective electrode 4 is pushed downwards into the corporeal part along a linear movement,.the double claw la is also driven into this same corporeal part in a rotar~ movement, so that the claw la resists the disenyage-ment of the selective electrode 4.
The selective electrode ~ is guided in its transla-tion movement, on the side o the corporeal part, by the base 9 of the measur.ing head and, at its other end by the flexible sheath 7 which can be formed by means of a spiral ~ -steel wire, with contiguous turns. This flexible sheath 7, sufficiently rigid to pro.tect the elements that it contains, surrounds the electrical cable 10 of the selective electrode 4, and surrounds the extension 11 of the container of the KCl reference electrode 12, which can be constituted by a fine polyethylene tube 13 terminating in a porous materlal 14, designed to limit the amount of KCl flowing from the reference electrode, and having a sufficient cross-section so that particles or bodies of biological origin do not come to ,~ ,.~"
6)~~ 0 obst.ruct lt. q'he position of this orl.~ice, as well as its cross section, are selected so as to ensure the best poss.ible electrical contact between the corporeal part and the KCl reference electrode.
The flexible sheath 7 also surrounds the electrical lead 20 connected to the double claw la, as well as the mechanical element 15a, which can be a sufficiently rigid and flexible steel wire, fastened inside the casing 3 -through a collar 16a which can be removable and gripped around the selective electrode 4, at the level of a groove 17 formed in the insulating ring 18 whose purpose is, moreover, to improve thè quality of the junction formed between the rigid part 5 of the selective electrode 4 and its flexible extension which can be a polyethylene tube 19. The movable fastening axle 21a holds the gripping collar 16a, the movable mechanical element 8a and the movable mechanical element 15a, assembled together.
The part in dotted lines, representiny the movable mechanical element 8a, corresponds to a position wherein the two types of electrodes are placed ln retracted position, inside the casing. In this position, neither the semi-circular claw la, nor the needle electrode 4, can come into contact with the corporeal part.
Figure 2 shows the details of a possible embodiment of a coordinating mechanism for the movements between the semi-circular claw shaped electrode lb and the selective electrode :.
4, endowed with a linear translation movement. It comprises the movable mechanical element 8b, connected on the one hand to the movable fastening axle 21b, fast to the selective electrode 4 sensitive to the ionic activity, and on the other hand to the movable fastening axle 22b, fast to the claw lb.
The fixed fastening axle 2b is fast to the body of the s~
measuring head. It can be surrounded by several turns 22, integral parts of the double claw lb, which can play -the part of a return spring, contributing, either to the intro-duction of the electrodes into the corporeal part, or to their retrac-tion within the casing. The movement o the as sembly is controlled by the element through the collar 16b and the movable axle 2lb.
Figure 3 shows a possible arrangement of the adjust-ing means, placed at the other end of the flexible sheath 27, marked as 7 in Figure 1. This adjusting means can be consti-tuted by a body 28, of insulating material, also receiving in abutment the other end of the sheath 27. It contains a cylindrical cavity 34 intended to guide the other end 25 of the flexible rod, denoted as 15a in Figure 1. The latter is extended, inside, by a handle 33 and includes, in the cylinder 34, a return spring 32 as well a~ a ring 31 which is fast to i-t. This spring, abutting against the riny 31 and against the body of the casing 28 permits, by the pressure that it e~erts on the cable 25, the holding of the two ~lectrodes, ~0 denoted as la an~ ~ in Figure 1, in penetrated position, and consequently, to hold the measuring head fastened to the corporeal part to which it is applied. It is possible, without departing from the scope of the invention,:to contemplate any other adjusting means for the position of the electrodes.
The casing 28 holds moreover the two electrical leads 29 and 30 supplying the signal relating to the electrical activity of the corporeal part. The lead 30 is connected to the semi-circular double claw. The lead 29 is shown here electrically connected to the metal sheath 2~. It could be formed otherwise, the essential thing being that it is connected to the reference electrode associated with the one or more claws enabling the signal to be obtained relating to the . - 13 -)S~
electrical activity o the corporeal part. The c~siny also holds the electrical leads 24 and 26. The lead 26 is the extension of the internal lead from the sensiti~e selective electrode. The lead 24 is the extension o~ the in~er lead of the KCl reference electrode associated with the selective electrode. It is to be noted that this lead can replace the lead 29 and serve, or the signal relating to the electrical activity, as reference electrical lead.
The reference electrode 35 is terminated, within the casing 28, by a double branch, one containing the electrical lead 24, the other the filling orifice 23. This orifice may be most simply constituted by the extension of the polyethylene tube, constituting the extension of the body of this same XCl reference electrode, or by any other device enabling the filling of the latter with KCl, continuously or not, during the measurement or not, without departing from the scope of the invention~
In the descriptions gi~en in ~he Fi~ures 1, 2 and 3, the whole of the measuxing head is used by placing in one hand, the casing containing the fastening electrodes, and index being placed on the latter, in a hollow provided for this purpose, so as to direct the latter by "touch" within the corporeal part.
The other end of the measuring head 28 is held in the other hand taking care, duriny positioning, ta maintain the handle 33 of Figure 5 pulled and, consequently, to keep retracted, within their casing, the fastening electrodes in order not to injure the corporeal part during positioning.
The position of the measuring head on the corporeal part having been selected, it suffices, whilst holding it in position, to release the handle 33 connected to the cable 25 which, under the reaction of the spring 32 which was in compressed position pushing the ring 31 fixed to the cable 25, has the effect of advancing the selective electrode 4 of Figure 1 into the corporeal part, as well as the claws la shown in the same figure. To withdraw the electrode from the corporeal part, the reverse operation must be followed.
Reference will now be made to Figures 4 to 12 in which homologous elements bear the same reference numerals.
The base 9 of the head receives, removably, a cap or cover 36. The form of the base is seen in Figures 7 to 9. It includes a rectilinear part 37 with an enlarged rear end 38 having substantially the width of the cap 36 and the base is traversed by an orifice slightly inclined with respect to its inner surface 39, being enlarged in zone 38 to enable the insertion and fixing by locking of the end of the flexible sheath 7. In front of the widened part 38, the base 9 has an upper recess 40 communicating with the orifice 39 and whose edges approach one another slightly to permit the astening by clipplng of the cover 36 having Eor this purpose a suitable relief 41.
The base 9 still has towards its front part a trans-verse orifice 42 for the passage of the axle 2a.
A cap or cover 36 has the shape shown in Figures 10 to 12, this substantially semi-ovoid shape having, at the front end, a groove 43. When the head of the device is applied to the skin of the unborn infant, the skin has a tendency to project all around the head and this relief tends to penetrate into the notch 43. This is thus favorable to the penetration of the end of the eIectrode-needle 4 into the skin. It is also possible, if desired, to create notches laterally to facilitate the penetration of the claws la.
15S~
The reference electrode may advantageously be replaced, by providing in the cover 36 two vertical blind orifices 44 opening at the lower surface. It is seen, in Figures 11 and 12, that the shape of these orifices is elongated parallel to the axis of the head. These orifices may be closed at their lower surface by a porous film 45, for example of paper. The orifice 44 is replaced by a KCl paste or the like, for example based on agar-agar. The bottom of the orifice is lined with a conductive film of silver and silver choride 46 connected by a lead 47 to a small strip contact 48 situated on the inner surface of the inner wall of the orifice 44. The lead 47 passes through this wall. The contact strips 48 axe applicable against corresponding metal s-trips 49 housed in lateral recesses of the part 37 of the base 9 to ensure electrical contact.
The two contacts 49 are connected to a lead 10 (shown only in Figure 1).
~ 'he contacts 48, 49 may be situated at other places of the base or of the cover shielded from amniontic liquid.
In a modified embodiment, it is possible to envis-age a discardable cover similar to cover 36, but without the presence of the orifices 44. It would suffice to pro-vide, at the places occupied by the two films 45 housings capable of receiving removably reference electrode forming tablets and containing, from below to above, a porous film 49 of paper, a layer of potassium chloride paste 50, a conducting tablet 51 of silver/silver chloride, said silver tablet coming into contact with a metal contact part 52 pre-sent at the bottom of the recess and connected at 53. Such an embodiment can be seen in Figure 13.
, " , _ 16 -s~
The connection between the needle-electrode 4 and the flexible control element 15, for example a steel wire, is effected preferably as is seen in Figures 4 to 6, by winding the element 15 around the needle 4 so as to form, between two successive turns, a strand separated laterally 15a enabling the hooking of the element 8b. The claws la themselves are formea from a single spring steel wire whose two ends are curved back into the form of claws la, said claws being extended by a certain number of turns 22 arranged around the axle 2a, said groups of turns being connected by a central strand lc. It is seen that this central strand passes into a dihedral angle -55 situated at the front part of the base 9. In order to enable easy replacement of the part constituted by the claws ~ ;
la, the windings providing spring function 22 and the central strand lc, it is possible to provide, in this dihedral angle, a metal pincer tnot shown) into which the strand lc becomes removably engaged to be gripped by this pincer. The plncer is connected to the electrical lead 20 to transmit the electrical signals detected by the claws la.
~eferring to Figure 14, there is seen a control device provided at the outer end of the sheath 15 and playing a similar role to the device shown in Figure 3. This device provides a control handle 56 against which the index finger of the operator can be placed. This handle is extended by a rectilinear part 57 provided with a central slot in which a ~ ;
sliding knob 58 capable of being moved by the thumb is slideably guided. On this knob 58 is fastened the end of the flexible element 15. It is seen that the upper surface of the extension 57 has a rear shoulder 59 forming a stop.
Normally, the claws la are in the position shown in Figure 6 and, under these conditions, the part 8b is in its rear S~) position, the electrode 4 only emerging from the lower base of the measuring head. The finger 58 is then in a rear position, in which position it is held in abutment, in the position shown in dashed lines, against the stop 59. From this position the operator, having introduced the measuring head into the neck of the uterus and applied the base of said head against -the cranial skin of the still unborn child, li~ts the knob 58 which is thus disengaged from the stop 59.
The turns 22 then push back the claws la into active position shown in Figure 4-and, in this movement r the part 8b trans-mits a traction force to the element 15 which causes the driving of the electrode 4 into its position shown in Figure 4 and also the forward movement of the knob 58. rrhe knob has then reached the forward position shown in Figure 14. To retract the claws and the electrode 4, the user pushes back the knob 58 with the thumb rearwards to bring it back into the ;
position shown in dashed lirles.
I~ ~ecessary, if the orce of the turns 22 is in-su~ficient, theuser may, b~ thrusting against the knob 58 to push it back orwards, aid in the perforation of the cutaneous wall by the claws la.
If another modification the claws la may not serve as electrodes and it is then the metal tube 5 of th~ electrode ~ which, connected to a lead, for example the flexi~le rod 15, detects the electrocardiographic signals. In all cases it is possible to provide a counter electrode ECG on the sheath~,~
coming into contact with a maternal corporeal part.
Another possible embodiment of ths measuring head according to the invention, only including a part of the advantages of the above description, is shown in Figure 15 as well as in Figure 16.
Z~)~S() Figure 15 takes up the double spiral electrode embodiment. Each claw i5 electrically insulated from the other and is formed by means o~ a spiral shaped steel tube of which one end, positioned in the corporeal part, is cut ;
into a bevel. The hollow claw 60a contains and protects the selective electrode whose diaphragm, sensitive to ionic activity, appears at 61a. The second hollow claw 62 contains the extension of the KCl electrode, extended outwards by a member which can be constituted by a flexible polyethylene tube and having the same advantages as those described in the preceding embodiment. The electrical leads, connected to ; -~
the two claws insulated from one another, can pick up the electrical signal relating to the electrical ac-tivity of the ~ -corporeal part. The electrical leads 64a and 65a enable the pick-up of the measuring signal relating to ionic acitivity.
Figure 16 shows a modification of the embodiment of Figure 15, in the sense where the KCl reEerence electrode is no longer introduced into the corporeal part by means o~
~he hollow alaw 68, but hecomes exposed under the base of the insulating material of the measuring head, creating an electrical contact at the level of the corporeal surface.
These two latter versions no longer include electrode retraction means.
It is known, to carry out measurements on unborn infants, to use a measuring head constituted by a spiral shaped double claw, with two sharp ends displaced by 180 with respect to one another, enabling an electrocardiograph signal to be taken, positioned concentrically with respect to a central electrode, constituted by a glass material sensitive to hydrogen ion activity and enabling the local tissue pH to be sampled. The whole is fixed to an insulating body.
This configuration presents a certain number of drawbacks. The first relates to its positioning technique.
The latter is effected, in fact, in two stages: in a first stage, preliminary positioning of the spiral elecl:rode which permits, in addition to the Eixing of the whole of -the measuring head to the part to whiah it is applied, the pick-up ~f the electrocardiographic signal.
The glass pH electrode, associated with its own reference electrode is then introduced through a central orifice, situated in the insulating body of the measuring head so that it is held in place. It is hence positioned only after the spiral electrode has been applied. ~he positioning of this type of measuring head requires, on the part of the user, complex and difficult manipulations which can disturb the patient.
The double spiral shaped claw requires also to be protected, by positioning accessories, notably to avoid injuring the patient during the introduction of -the lat-ter into the corporeal part.
~r ~
The second drawback o~ this measuri.ny head relates to its relative fragility. In fact, when it is placed on the "scalp" of the unborn infant, it may frequently happen that, as a result of movements of sufficiently great ampli-~ude of the latter, that it is placed in overhanging position and that, as a result of forces which are too great, the glass electrode becomes broken, and the spiral electrode claws become deformed. This is explained by the fact that the support surface of -the measuring head is small with respect to its height, and also by the fact that its axis of symmetry, coinciding moreover with the incoming electrical leads, is perpendicular to the fixing surface.
The third drawback relates to the relative instabil-ity of the fixing of -the measuxing head. The latter is in fact fixed by means of the spiral shaped double claw which is introduced onto the skin by a helical rotary movement.
Following the movements of the unborn infant, the measuring head has a tendency to perform by itself a reverse rotary movement, tending to disengaye it from the skin. This dis-engagement of the ~astening may have the effect of creatingdiscontinuities in the signals supplied by the electrodes of the measuring head and, consequently, resulting in poor interpretation of the latter.
Another drawback arises from the fact that the reference electrode, associated with the p~ measuring electrode, is most currently constituted by a silver-silver chloride wire dipping into a solution of KCl which must be kept in a container of sufficient capacity to be able to mois-ten the corporeal part in contact with the reference electrode during the whole time of measurement. This container, being situated in the body of the measuring head, consequently has a limi-ted capacity, as well as access means, or its possible 111ing in the course of the measurement, dificult to reach Consequently, it appeared useful to provide a no~el device, according to the present invention, enabling the above-said drawbacks to be elimlnated and notably the position~
ing of the measuring head in a single operation, without the use of a positioning accessory and without risk of in-juries during its positioning on the corporeal part.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a novel measuring head construction which can, in spite of movements of considerable amplitude of the part ~.
where the measuring head is applied, withstand considerable .
forces, without excessive deformation or breakage of all : or a part of the :latter.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a fastening for the measuring head which, inspite of these movemen~s is not releasable without external human inter-vention in order to avoid as ar as possible, consequently, discontinuities in the measuring signals an~ misinterpreta-tion of the latter.
It is another object of the invention to provide a reference electrode, associated with the tissue ion activity measuring electrode, whose container is of large capacity, and whose filling orifice is easy to reach, even in the course of the measurement.
It is also an object of the invention to constitute a measuring head combination, enabling the simultaneous production of measuring signals relating to electrical action as well as to ionic action, or physico-chemical actlon, of -the corporeal part where it is applied, and whose positioning may be possible in a single operatlon, without the use of ".~
s~
a special protective accessory ~or the claw during the positioning and with less risk of tearing the surface of the corporeal part, on or in which it is placed, during its introduction.
Another object of the invention is to produce a measuring head which, once positioned on or in the corporeal part, is mechanically stable, in spite of the movement of the part where the measuring head is applied, and which cannot be placed in overhanging position, following its movements, thus reducing risks of breakage or deformation of the electrodes.
Another object of the invention is to construct a measuring head whose fastening device cannot be disengaged, without external human intervention, following movements of the part on which it is applied, in order to avoid the measuring signals being interruptedO
It is another object of the invention to provide a measuring head whose electrode, sensitive to ionic activity, forms an in~egral part of the mechanical fixing device o~ the latter to the corporeal part where it is applied, in association with the one or more electrodes se.nsitive to the electrical ac~ivity to be measured.
~ further object of the invention is to provide a measuring head, having a reference electrode which can be KCl, whose container is of large capacity and is provided with a filling orifice easy of access, so that it can be fed from the outside, if necessary continuously, without, however, th0 outer dimensions of the measuring head being increased and without the measurement being interrupted.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a measuring head, having a reference electrode which can be with KCL and which is easily replaceable.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF l~HE INVENTION
According to the invention there may be therefore provided a measuring head enabling the production both, and preferably simultaneously, of physiological measuring signals, notably of measuring signals relating to an electrical activity, for example, for an electrocardiogram [ECG) and of signals relating t~ ionic or physico-chemical activity, preferably the pH, designed to be positioned on and/or in corporeal parts, notably on the skull of the unborn ~ -,~
infant, said heat comprising an insulating body bearing claw means which can serve as electrodes sensitive to the electrical activity, said measuring heat being characterized by the fact that said insulating body presents actively, at the moment of positioning, said electrode sensitive to the electrical activity and at least one electrode sensitive to an ionic or physical activity, said electrodes being constructed in the form of semi-circular, spiral or linear needles, said body bearing also a reference elec~rode associated with the electrode sensit.ive to the ionic activity.
In a broad embodiment the present invention provides a measuring head adapted to be positioned on or in corporeal parts of a living body, said head comprising: an insulating bo~y; said insulating body having a first electrode means which is sensitive to the electrical activity of said corporeal parts, an electrical lead operatively connected to and extending from said first electrode means; said insulating body also having a second electrode means which is sensitive to an ionic or physical activity of said corporeal parts, an electrical lead operatively connected to and extending 5~
from said second electrode means; an elonga~ed sheath means being connected to and extending from said insulating body, said electrical leads extending from the insulating body along said sheath means; said insulating body having a claw means movable between a retracted position within said insulating body and an extended position out of said insulating body whereat it is positioned to enter the corporeal parts, to thereby secure the measuring head to the corporeal parts;
control means for moving the claw means between said retracted and extended positions such that in the said extended position the law means has entered the corporeal parts while said first and second electrode means simultaneously engage the corporeal parts.
In a preferred embodiment there is provided such a head wherein said second electrode means is distinct from said claw means and comprises a selective electrode having a needle form and being mechanically connected to said claw means to be movable between a retxacted position in said insulating body and an extended position into said corporeal parts. The claw means and said selective electrode may be mechanically coupled to each other so as to be simultaneously extended or retracted relative to the insulating body.
In a further preferred embodiment there is provided such a measuring head including an electrically conductive flexible rod located in said sheath, and`wherein said conductive outer member is electrically connected to said rod, said rod forming a part of said control means or transmitting movements to both said claw means and said selective electrode.
In a further preferred embodiment there is provided a measuring head as indicated above wherein said insulating 3'1~t5~
body comprises an ovoid insulating body having an elongated base with a flars bottom part, said base being traversed by an orifice slightly inclined with respect of said bottom part for slideably receiving reciprocating second electrode means sensitive to an ionic or physi¢al activity of said corporeal parts, said second electrode means having a needle form and being provided with an outer tubular conduc~ive member for forming an electrode sensitive to the electrical activity of said corporeal parts, electrical lead means for said electrode means, a removable ovoid cap on said base, ~t least one curved needle forming a claw mounted on said body, an elongated sheath means connected to said insulating body and surxounding said electrical lead means, and an elongated mechanical member movable in said elongated sheath means extending from said base, for moving said electrode means and said at least one claw between a retracted position in said body and an extended position wherein they penetrate into said corporeal parts following directions approaching one another.
In a preferred embodiment of the measuring head according to the invention, said head has, as claw means, movable and retractable claws capable, by external actuation, of penetrating into the corporeal part against which the head is applied, said claws being preferably sensitive to the electrical activity, as well as at Ieast one electrode sensitive to the ionic activity also movable and retractable.
Particularly advantageously, said electrode sensitive to the onic activity penetrates into the corresponding organ, for example, the scalp of the unborn child, with a very small angle of incidence with respect to the surface of said organ, the direction of penetration being preferably opposite the direction 5~
of the penetration of the movable and retractable claw-shaped electrodes. Particularly preferably, said movable and retractable claw and said electrode sensitive to the ionic activity are mechanically coupled so as to be simultaneously extended or retracted.
Advantageously, the insulating casing can have, at the level of the penetration zone of the electrode sensitive to the ionic or physical activity and/or of the claws, recesses causing the passage of a discontinuity in the curve of the skin surface, to facilitate the piercing of the skin and the fastening.
Still in this preferred embodiment, the me~suring head according to the invention may advantageously include a flexible sheath of which one of the ends is placed in abut-ment on a correspond.ing end of the casing, the other end of the sheath including an adjusting means, said sheath surrounding a flexible e~tension of the body of said electrode sensi.tive to the ionic or physical activity as well. as that of its associated reference electrode, the electrical leads of the measuring signals and a longilinear and flexible mechanical member transmitting to said movable and retrac-table electrodes the translation movement ob-tained by said adjusting means.
The associated reference electrode, which can be notably a KCl electrode, extends advantageously over the whole length of the sheath to form in -this way an enlarged KCl container. This electrode is terminated advantageously at the level of -the surface of the casing applied against the skin of the corresponding member, by a porous boundary means for the KCl, for example a porous ceramic or a tablet of suitable material.
In a specific embodiment, said casing may be provided with one or two discardable reference electrodes such as, .~ - 8 =.
for example, a gelled KCl plate protected b~ a porous coating, for example of paper. Again in a specific embodiment, the head can have a removable discardable cap, said cap having one or several KCl containers, as well as one or several associated electrical contacts and capable oE being applied, at the moment of mounting the base, on a complementary contact presented by the receiver portion of the casing, the electrical transmis~ion being effected through a suitable lead from this latter contact.
In order to facilitate, if necessary, replacement of the claw means, which are preferably curved claws urged by elastic means into inserted position and capable of being withdrawn, against said elastic means, by the external adjusting device, it is possible to provide for the casing to bea.r one or several metal pincers capable of receiving the fixed end of said claw means to ensure electrical continuity~
BRI~F DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other ~eatures, advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the descriptlon which ~ollows, given by way of non-limiting example, with re~erence to the accompanying drawing in which:
Figure 1 shows diagrammatically a preferred embodi-ment of a measuring head according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows the detail of a simple mechanism enabling the coupling of the movement of the electrode sensitive to the ionic action with the rotary movement of the claw;
Figure 3 shows a diagrammati.c view of an adjusting means for the head according to the invent:ion;
Figure 4 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a measuring head according to the invention;
Figure 5 shows a view from above of this embodiment, the removable and discardable cap being shown in mixed lines;
Figure 6 shows a view similar to that o:E ~igure 4, but with the electrodes retracted;
Figures 7, 8 and 9 show lateral, overhead and end views of the base of a measuring head according to the invention;
Figures 10, 11 and 12 show views in lateral section, in half-section from the end, and from above, of the removable cap;
Figure 13 shows a partial view of the cap in an -~
embodiment with a discardable reference electrode;
Figure 14 shows a lateral view of external adjusting means;
Figure 15 illustrates another embodiment of the invention; and Figure 16 shows also yet another embodiment of the invention .
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the embodiment. i.llustrated in Figure 1, the measuring head inaludes a slngle or double claw la, oE semi-circular shape, movable around a horizontal axle 2a, parallelto the body surface where the measuring head is applied, which can emerge fro~ or penetrate into the casing 3 forming the body of the measuring head/ by a rotary movement and enabling the pick-up, when it is driven into the body part, of a signal derived from the electrical activity of the ~atter. The measuring head includes on the other hand, a selective electrode 4, sensitive to the hydrogen ion activity, formed by a fine stainless steel tube 5 with a beueled end, contain-ing and protecting the selective electrode 4 proper and allowing the slight protrusion, on the side of the beveled end, of the sensitive diaphragm 6 which can be of glass.
. , s~
This electrode 4, reckil~near in shape, is gi~en a linear translation movement, along an inclined axis coinciding with the axis of the hollow cylindrical sheath 7, itself coming into abutment with the casing 3 and extending between the two precedin~ claws la, at the level of the corporeal part.
The selective electrode 4 is advantageously a p~l detection electrode of the usual commercially sold type.
It is seen that the direction of penetration of this electrode is opposite the direction of penetration of the claws la, which ensures firm fastening of the measuring head.
A movable mechanical element 8a, coupling the selective electrode 4 to the double claw la, enables the translation movement of the first to be converted into a rotary movement of the second. This operation is done so that when the selective electrode 4 is pushed downwards into the corporeal part along a linear movement,.the double claw la is also driven into this same corporeal part in a rotar~ movement, so that the claw la resists the disenyage-ment of the selective electrode 4.
The selective electrode ~ is guided in its transla-tion movement, on the side o the corporeal part, by the base 9 of the measur.ing head and, at its other end by the flexible sheath 7 which can be formed by means of a spiral ~ -steel wire, with contiguous turns. This flexible sheath 7, sufficiently rigid to pro.tect the elements that it contains, surrounds the electrical cable 10 of the selective electrode 4, and surrounds the extension 11 of the container of the KCl reference electrode 12, which can be constituted by a fine polyethylene tube 13 terminating in a porous materlal 14, designed to limit the amount of KCl flowing from the reference electrode, and having a sufficient cross-section so that particles or bodies of biological origin do not come to ,~ ,.~"
6)~~ 0 obst.ruct lt. q'he position of this orl.~ice, as well as its cross section, are selected so as to ensure the best poss.ible electrical contact between the corporeal part and the KCl reference electrode.
The flexible sheath 7 also surrounds the electrical lead 20 connected to the double claw la, as well as the mechanical element 15a, which can be a sufficiently rigid and flexible steel wire, fastened inside the casing 3 -through a collar 16a which can be removable and gripped around the selective electrode 4, at the level of a groove 17 formed in the insulating ring 18 whose purpose is, moreover, to improve thè quality of the junction formed between the rigid part 5 of the selective electrode 4 and its flexible extension which can be a polyethylene tube 19. The movable fastening axle 21a holds the gripping collar 16a, the movable mechanical element 8a and the movable mechanical element 15a, assembled together.
The part in dotted lines, representiny the movable mechanical element 8a, corresponds to a position wherein the two types of electrodes are placed ln retracted position, inside the casing. In this position, neither the semi-circular claw la, nor the needle electrode 4, can come into contact with the corporeal part.
Figure 2 shows the details of a possible embodiment of a coordinating mechanism for the movements between the semi-circular claw shaped electrode lb and the selective electrode :.
4, endowed with a linear translation movement. It comprises the movable mechanical element 8b, connected on the one hand to the movable fastening axle 21b, fast to the selective electrode 4 sensitive to the ionic activity, and on the other hand to the movable fastening axle 22b, fast to the claw lb.
The fixed fastening axle 2b is fast to the body of the s~
measuring head. It can be surrounded by several turns 22, integral parts of the double claw lb, which can play -the part of a return spring, contributing, either to the intro-duction of the electrodes into the corporeal part, or to their retrac-tion within the casing. The movement o the as sembly is controlled by the element through the collar 16b and the movable axle 2lb.
Figure 3 shows a possible arrangement of the adjust-ing means, placed at the other end of the flexible sheath 27, marked as 7 in Figure 1. This adjusting means can be consti-tuted by a body 28, of insulating material, also receiving in abutment the other end of the sheath 27. It contains a cylindrical cavity 34 intended to guide the other end 25 of the flexible rod, denoted as 15a in Figure 1. The latter is extended, inside, by a handle 33 and includes, in the cylinder 34, a return spring 32 as well a~ a ring 31 which is fast to i-t. This spring, abutting against the riny 31 and against the body of the casing 28 permits, by the pressure that it e~erts on the cable 25, the holding of the two ~lectrodes, ~0 denoted as la an~ ~ in Figure 1, in penetrated position, and consequently, to hold the measuring head fastened to the corporeal part to which it is applied. It is possible, without departing from the scope of the invention,:to contemplate any other adjusting means for the position of the electrodes.
The casing 28 holds moreover the two electrical leads 29 and 30 supplying the signal relating to the electrical activity of the corporeal part. The lead 30 is connected to the semi-circular double claw. The lead 29 is shown here electrically connected to the metal sheath 2~. It could be formed otherwise, the essential thing being that it is connected to the reference electrode associated with the one or more claws enabling the signal to be obtained relating to the . - 13 -)S~
electrical activity o the corporeal part. The c~siny also holds the electrical leads 24 and 26. The lead 26 is the extension of the internal lead from the sensiti~e selective electrode. The lead 24 is the extension o~ the in~er lead of the KCl reference electrode associated with the selective electrode. It is to be noted that this lead can replace the lead 29 and serve, or the signal relating to the electrical activity, as reference electrical lead.
The reference electrode 35 is terminated, within the casing 28, by a double branch, one containing the electrical lead 24, the other the filling orifice 23. This orifice may be most simply constituted by the extension of the polyethylene tube, constituting the extension of the body of this same XCl reference electrode, or by any other device enabling the filling of the latter with KCl, continuously or not, during the measurement or not, without departing from the scope of the invention~
In the descriptions gi~en in ~he Fi~ures 1, 2 and 3, the whole of the measuxing head is used by placing in one hand, the casing containing the fastening electrodes, and index being placed on the latter, in a hollow provided for this purpose, so as to direct the latter by "touch" within the corporeal part.
The other end of the measuring head 28 is held in the other hand taking care, duriny positioning, ta maintain the handle 33 of Figure 5 pulled and, consequently, to keep retracted, within their casing, the fastening electrodes in order not to injure the corporeal part during positioning.
The position of the measuring head on the corporeal part having been selected, it suffices, whilst holding it in position, to release the handle 33 connected to the cable 25 which, under the reaction of the spring 32 which was in compressed position pushing the ring 31 fixed to the cable 25, has the effect of advancing the selective electrode 4 of Figure 1 into the corporeal part, as well as the claws la shown in the same figure. To withdraw the electrode from the corporeal part, the reverse operation must be followed.
Reference will now be made to Figures 4 to 12 in which homologous elements bear the same reference numerals.
The base 9 of the head receives, removably, a cap or cover 36. The form of the base is seen in Figures 7 to 9. It includes a rectilinear part 37 with an enlarged rear end 38 having substantially the width of the cap 36 and the base is traversed by an orifice slightly inclined with respect to its inner surface 39, being enlarged in zone 38 to enable the insertion and fixing by locking of the end of the flexible sheath 7. In front of the widened part 38, the base 9 has an upper recess 40 communicating with the orifice 39 and whose edges approach one another slightly to permit the astening by clipplng of the cover 36 having Eor this purpose a suitable relief 41.
The base 9 still has towards its front part a trans-verse orifice 42 for the passage of the axle 2a.
A cap or cover 36 has the shape shown in Figures 10 to 12, this substantially semi-ovoid shape having, at the front end, a groove 43. When the head of the device is applied to the skin of the unborn infant, the skin has a tendency to project all around the head and this relief tends to penetrate into the notch 43. This is thus favorable to the penetration of the end of the eIectrode-needle 4 into the skin. It is also possible, if desired, to create notches laterally to facilitate the penetration of the claws la.
15S~
The reference electrode may advantageously be replaced, by providing in the cover 36 two vertical blind orifices 44 opening at the lower surface. It is seen, in Figures 11 and 12, that the shape of these orifices is elongated parallel to the axis of the head. These orifices may be closed at their lower surface by a porous film 45, for example of paper. The orifice 44 is replaced by a KCl paste or the like, for example based on agar-agar. The bottom of the orifice is lined with a conductive film of silver and silver choride 46 connected by a lead 47 to a small strip contact 48 situated on the inner surface of the inner wall of the orifice 44. The lead 47 passes through this wall. The contact strips 48 axe applicable against corresponding metal s-trips 49 housed in lateral recesses of the part 37 of the base 9 to ensure electrical contact.
The two contacts 49 are connected to a lead 10 (shown only in Figure 1).
~ 'he contacts 48, 49 may be situated at other places of the base or of the cover shielded from amniontic liquid.
In a modified embodiment, it is possible to envis-age a discardable cover similar to cover 36, but without the presence of the orifices 44. It would suffice to pro-vide, at the places occupied by the two films 45 housings capable of receiving removably reference electrode forming tablets and containing, from below to above, a porous film 49 of paper, a layer of potassium chloride paste 50, a conducting tablet 51 of silver/silver chloride, said silver tablet coming into contact with a metal contact part 52 pre-sent at the bottom of the recess and connected at 53. Such an embodiment can be seen in Figure 13.
, " , _ 16 -s~
The connection between the needle-electrode 4 and the flexible control element 15, for example a steel wire, is effected preferably as is seen in Figures 4 to 6, by winding the element 15 around the needle 4 so as to form, between two successive turns, a strand separated laterally 15a enabling the hooking of the element 8b. The claws la themselves are formea from a single spring steel wire whose two ends are curved back into the form of claws la, said claws being extended by a certain number of turns 22 arranged around the axle 2a, said groups of turns being connected by a central strand lc. It is seen that this central strand passes into a dihedral angle -55 situated at the front part of the base 9. In order to enable easy replacement of the part constituted by the claws ~ ;
la, the windings providing spring function 22 and the central strand lc, it is possible to provide, in this dihedral angle, a metal pincer tnot shown) into which the strand lc becomes removably engaged to be gripped by this pincer. The plncer is connected to the electrical lead 20 to transmit the electrical signals detected by the claws la.
~eferring to Figure 14, there is seen a control device provided at the outer end of the sheath 15 and playing a similar role to the device shown in Figure 3. This device provides a control handle 56 against which the index finger of the operator can be placed. This handle is extended by a rectilinear part 57 provided with a central slot in which a ~ ;
sliding knob 58 capable of being moved by the thumb is slideably guided. On this knob 58 is fastened the end of the flexible element 15. It is seen that the upper surface of the extension 57 has a rear shoulder 59 forming a stop.
Normally, the claws la are in the position shown in Figure 6 and, under these conditions, the part 8b is in its rear S~) position, the electrode 4 only emerging from the lower base of the measuring head. The finger 58 is then in a rear position, in which position it is held in abutment, in the position shown in dashed lines, against the stop 59. From this position the operator, having introduced the measuring head into the neck of the uterus and applied the base of said head against -the cranial skin of the still unborn child, li~ts the knob 58 which is thus disengaged from the stop 59.
The turns 22 then push back the claws la into active position shown in Figure 4-and, in this movement r the part 8b trans-mits a traction force to the element 15 which causes the driving of the electrode 4 into its position shown in Figure 4 and also the forward movement of the knob 58. rrhe knob has then reached the forward position shown in Figure 14. To retract the claws and the electrode 4, the user pushes back the knob 58 with the thumb rearwards to bring it back into the ;
position shown in dashed lirles.
I~ ~ecessary, if the orce of the turns 22 is in-su~ficient, theuser may, b~ thrusting against the knob 58 to push it back orwards, aid in the perforation of the cutaneous wall by the claws la.
If another modification the claws la may not serve as electrodes and it is then the metal tube 5 of th~ electrode ~ which, connected to a lead, for example the flexi~le rod 15, detects the electrocardiographic signals. In all cases it is possible to provide a counter electrode ECG on the sheath~,~
coming into contact with a maternal corporeal part.
Another possible embodiment of ths measuring head according to the invention, only including a part of the advantages of the above description, is shown in Figure 15 as well as in Figure 16.
Z~)~S() Figure 15 takes up the double spiral electrode embodiment. Each claw i5 electrically insulated from the other and is formed by means o~ a spiral shaped steel tube of which one end, positioned in the corporeal part, is cut ;
into a bevel. The hollow claw 60a contains and protects the selective electrode whose diaphragm, sensitive to ionic activity, appears at 61a. The second hollow claw 62 contains the extension of the KCl electrode, extended outwards by a member which can be constituted by a flexible polyethylene tube and having the same advantages as those described in the preceding embodiment. The electrical leads, connected to ; -~
the two claws insulated from one another, can pick up the electrical signal relating to the electrical ac-tivity of the ~ -corporeal part. The electrical leads 64a and 65a enable the pick-up of the measuring signal relating to ionic acitivity.
Figure 16 shows a modification of the embodiment of Figure 15, in the sense where the KCl reEerence electrode is no longer introduced into the corporeal part by means o~
~he hollow alaw 68, but hecomes exposed under the base of the insulating material of the measuring head, creating an electrical contact at the level of the corporeal surface.
These two latter versions no longer include electrode retraction means.
Claims (26)
1. A measuring head adapted to be positioned on or in corporeal parts of a living body, said head comprising:
an insulating body, said insulating body having a first electrode means which is sensitive to the electrical activity of said corporeal parts, an electrical lead operatively connected to and extending from said first electrode means, said insulating body also having a second electrode means which is sensitive to an ionic or physical activity of said corporeal parts, an electrical lead operatively connected to and extending from said second electrode means, an elongated sheath means being connected to and extending from said insulating body, said electrical leads extending from the insulating body along said sheath means, said insulating body having a claw means movable between a retracted position within said insulating body and an extended position out of said insulating body whereat it is positioned to enter the corporeal parts, to thereby secure the measuring head to the corporeal parts, control means for moving the claw means between said retracted and extended positions such that in the said extended position the claw means has entered the corporeal parts while said first and second electrode means simultaneously engage the corporeal parts.
an insulating body, said insulating body having a first electrode means which is sensitive to the electrical activity of said corporeal parts, an electrical lead operatively connected to and extending from said first electrode means, said insulating body also having a second electrode means which is sensitive to an ionic or physical activity of said corporeal parts, an electrical lead operatively connected to and extending from said second electrode means, an elongated sheath means being connected to and extending from said insulating body, said electrical leads extending from the insulating body along said sheath means, said insulating body having a claw means movable between a retracted position within said insulating body and an extended position out of said insulating body whereat it is positioned to enter the corporeal parts, to thereby secure the measuring head to the corporeal parts, control means for moving the claw means between said retracted and extended positions such that in the said extended position the claw means has entered the corporeal parts while said first and second electrode means simultaneously engage the corporeal parts.
2. A measuring head according to claim 1 wherein said second electrode means is distinct from said claw means and comprises a selective electrode having a needle form and being mechanically connected to said claw means to be movable between a retracted position in said insulating body and an extended position into said corporeal parts.
3. A measuring head according to claim 2 wherein said selective electrode comprises an electrically conductive outer member forming an electrode of said first electrode means.
4. A measuring head according to one of claims 2 and 3 wherein said claw means and said selective electrode are mechanically coupled to each other so as to be simultaneously extended or retracted relative to the insulating body.
5. A measuring head according to one of claims 2 and 3 wherein said claw means and said selective electrode are mechanically coupled to each other so as to be simultaneously extended or retracted relative to the insulating body, and including an electrically conductive flexible rod located in said sheath, and wherein said conductive outer member is electrically connected to said rod, said rod forming a part of said control means for transmitting movements to both said claw means and said selective electrode.
6. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said second electrode means further comprise a reference electrode borne by said insulating body and having a substantial surface.
7. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 and 2 wherein the claw means form the first electrode which is sensitive to the electrical activity.
8. A measuring head according to claim 1 wherein the said second electrode sensitive to the ionic activity also comprises means sensitive to the electrical activity to form the first electrode means.
9. A measuring head according to one of claims 2 and 3 wherein said selective electrode is inclined with respect to said insulating body to penetrate into said corporeal parts with its axis slightly inclined with respect to said corporeal parts.
10. A measuring head according to one of claims 2 and 3 wherein said selective electrode is inclined with respect to said insulating body to penetrate into said corporeal parts with its axis slightly inclined with respect to said corporeal parts, and wherein said insulating body includes a cap adapted to be urged against said corporeal parts, said cap having, at the level where said second electrode means penetrates said corporeal parts, a recess allowing the passage of a discontinuity in the curvature of the skin produced by a base portion of the insulating body which engages the skin, in order to facilitate the piercing of the skin.
11. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said claw means and said selective electrode are positioned in the insulating body to penetrate in said corporeal parts following directions approaching one another.
12. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said claw means are constructed in the form of semi-circular needles forming the two ends of a metal wire member.
13. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said claw means are constructed in the form of semi-circular needles forming the two ends of a metal wire member, and wherein said wire member includes spring forming turns.
14. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said claw means are constructed in the form of semi-circular needles forming the two ends of a metal wire member, and wherein said needles are connected to said electrical lead means and form part of said first electrode means.
15. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said claw means are constructed in the form of semi-circular needles forming the two ends of a metal wire member, and wherein said insulating body comprises an elongated base traversed by an orifice slightly inclined with respect to the bottom part of said base and opening in said bottom part to slideably receive said second electrode means, said second electrode means comprising a slidable selective electrode, said base comprising means to receive said metal wire member, said base being covered by a substantially semi-ovoid cap.
16. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said claw means are constructed in the form of semi-circular needles forming the two ends of a metal wire member, and wherein said insulating body comprises an elongated base traversed by an orifice slightly inclined with respect to the bottom part of said base and opening in said bottom part to slideably receive said second electrode means, said second electrode means comprising a slidable selective electrode, said base comprising means to receive said metal wire member, said base being covered by a substantially semi-ovoid cap, and including means for mechanically coupling said metal wire member and said slideable selective electrode so as to be simultaneously extended or retracted.
17. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 3 said second electrode means having a flexible extension and wherein said elongated sheath means is flexible and surrounds said flexible extension, said control means comprising a rectilinear and flexible mechanical member operatively connected to the claw means to transmit to said claw means a translation movement in response to movement of a regulating means which is located at the end of said sheath means remote from said insulating body.
18. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 3 said second electrode means having a flexible extension and wherein said elongated sheath means is flexible and surrounds said flexible extension, said control means comprising a rectilinear and flexible mechanical member operatively connected to the claw means to transmit to said claw means a translation movement in response to movement of a regulating means which is located at the end of said sheath means remote from said insulating body, and wherein said second electrode means comprise a selective electrode and an associated reference electrode having a tubular body and a tubular extension of said tubular body in said sheath means to provide an enlarged container, said tubular extension having a filling orifice at said spaced end of said sheath.
19. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 3 said second electrode means having a flexible extension and wherein said elongated sheath means is flexible and surrounds said flexible extension, said control means comprising a rectilinear and flexible mechanical member operatively connected to the claw means to transmit to said claw means a translation movement in response to movement of a regulating means which is located at the end of said sheath means remote from said insulating body, and wherein said claw control means comprise a handle mounting a slideable knob connected to said mechanical member and comprising stop means to hold said knob in a position where said claw means are in their retracted position.
20. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said second electrode means further comprise a reference electrode borne by said insulating body and having a substantial surface, and wherein said second electrode means comprise an associated disposable reference electrode removably fixed under said insulating body.
21. A measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said second electrode means further comprise a reference electrode borne by said insulating body and having a substantial surface, and wherein said insulating body comprises a disposable head cap removably fixed on a base, and said second electrode means comprise a selective electrode and an associated reference electrode borne by said disposable head cap.
22. A measuring head according to claim 1, said insulating body comprising an ovoid insulating body having an elongated base with a flare bottom part, said base being traversed by an orifice slightly inclined with respect of said bottom part for slideably receiving reciprocating second electrode means sensitive to an ionic or physical activity of said corporeal parts, said second electrode means having a needle form and being provided with an outer tubular conductive member for forming an electrode sensitive to the electrical activity of said corporeal parts, electrical lead means for said electrode means, a removable ovoid cap on said base, at least one curved needle forming a claw mounted on said body, an elongated sheath means connected to said insulating body and surrounding said electrical lead means, and an elongated mechanical member movable in said elongated sheath means extending from said base, for moving said electrode means and said at least one claw between a retracted position in said body and an extended position wherein they penetrate into said corporeal parts following directions approaching one another.
23. A measuring head according to one of claims 2 and 3 wherein said claw means and said selective electrode are mechanically coupled to each other so as to be simultaneously extended or retracted relative to the insulating body, and wherein said selective electrode is inclined with respect to said insulating body to penetrate into said corporeal parts with its axis slightly inclined with respect to said corporeal parts.
24. A measuring head according to one of claims 2 and 3 wherein said claw means and said selective electrode are mechanically coupled to each other so as to be simultaneously extended or retracted relative to the insulating body, and wherein said claw means and said selective electrode are positioned in the insulating body to penetrate in said corporeal parts following directions approaching one another.
25. A measuring head according to one of claims 2 and 3 wherein said claw means and said selective electrode are mechanically coupled to each other so as to be simultaneously extended or retracted relative to the insulating body, and wherein said claw means and said selective electrode are positioned in the insulating body to penetrate in said corporeal parts following directions approaching one another, and wherein said claw means are constructed in the form of semi-circular needles forming the two ends of a metal wire member.
26. A measuring head according to one of claims 2 and 3 wherein said selective electrode is inclined with respect to said insulating body to penetrate into said corporeal parts with its axis slightly inclined with respect to said corporeal parts, and wherein said claw means are constructed in the form of semi-circular needles forming the two ends of a metal wire member.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7808428 | 1978-03-23 | ||
| FR7808428A FR2420331A1 (en) | 1978-03-23 | 1978-03-23 | COMBINED MEASURING HEAD, INTENDED TO BE PLACED ON OR IN BODY PARTS, ALLOWING THE SIMULTANEOUS OBTAINING OF MEASUREMENT SIGNALS RELATING TO AN ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY ON THE ONE HAND AND AN IONIC ACTIVITY ON THE OTHER HAND |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1120550A true CA1120550A (en) | 1982-03-23 |
Family
ID=9206191
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000323767A Expired CA1120550A (en) | 1978-03-23 | 1979-03-19 | Measuring head enabling the production of physiological measurement signals designed to be positioned on or in corporeal parts |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4294258A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0004510B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS54131381A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1120550A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2966636D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2420331A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110174533A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-27 | 东莞市盈之宝电子科技有限公司 | Battery clamp cramping body manufacture craft |
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-
1978
- 1978-03-23 FR FR7808428A patent/FR2420331A1/en active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-03-19 US US06/021,779 patent/US4294258A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-03-19 CA CA000323767A patent/CA1120550A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-03-20 EP EP79400181A patent/EP0004510B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-03-20 DE DE7979400181T patent/DE2966636D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-03-23 JP JP3343479A patent/JPS54131381A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110174533A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-27 | 东莞市盈之宝电子科技有限公司 | Battery clamp cramping body manufacture craft |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2420331B1 (en) | 1982-05-14 |
| FR2420331A1 (en) | 1979-10-19 |
| JPS54131381A (en) | 1979-10-12 |
| DE2966636D1 (en) | 1984-03-15 |
| US4294258A (en) | 1981-10-13 |
| EP0004510A1 (en) | 1979-10-03 |
| EP0004510B1 (en) | 1984-02-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |