CA1106718A - Indwelling catheter - Google Patents
Indwelling catheterInfo
- Publication number
- CA1106718A CA1106718A CA303,432A CA303432A CA1106718A CA 1106718 A CA1106718 A CA 1106718A CA 303432 A CA303432 A CA 303432A CA 1106718 A CA1106718 A CA 1106718A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- main lumen
- catheter
- indwelling catheter
- active metal
- balloon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An indwelling catherer has a flexible tubular member with a main lumen for urine discharge, one end of the main lumen being closed. An aperture is provided adjacent the closed end of the main lumen to communicate same with the exterior of the tubular member. A
balloon is disposed at the aperture. The balloon is inflatable by an auxiliary lumen. The periphery of the tubular member is provided with a layer of oligodynamically active metal producing metal ions upon contact with the urine, to thus reduce the danger of urinary tract infections.
An indwelling catherer has a flexible tubular member with a main lumen for urine discharge, one end of the main lumen being closed. An aperture is provided adjacent the closed end of the main lumen to communicate same with the exterior of the tubular member. A
balloon is disposed at the aperture. The balloon is inflatable by an auxiliary lumen. The periphery of the tubular member is provided with a layer of oligodynamically active metal producing metal ions upon contact with the urine, to thus reduce the danger of urinary tract infections.
Description
The present invention relates to a urinary catheter for insertion into the bladder through the urethra, and more particularly to improvements in a catheter of the type which is designed for urinary retention over a relatively prolong-ed period of time.
As is well known, the palients who have suffered from cerebrospinal diseases such as cerebral hemorrhage, soften-ing of brain or spinal injuries, tend to be afflicted with dysuria of incontinence of urine. It is therefore necessary in such instance that a urinary catheter be inserted into the urethra and retained in the appropriate position for urina-tion for such patients as well as for those who have under-gone various surgical operations. Such catheters are often called "indwelling catheters," which must be sufficiently mechanically soft and resilient for effective use.
While the indwelling catheter is retained in the urethra for a relatively long period of time, it would permit pathogenic bacteria attached to the anus or genital vulva to enter through the urethra into the bladder, thereby frequent-ly causing cystitis, urethritis, or pyelitis or the so-called "ascending infection." This is pronounced particularly with female because her urethra is wider, shorter, and more linear than that of male.
Various attempts have been made to prevent the bacteri-al infection during the use of such indwelling catheters. Onesuch attempt has been to coat the catheter with an ointment containing an antibiotic or bactericide. Another attempt has been to irrigate the bladder through the catheter and wash -~ J'~ ~
the catheter at frequent intervals, and at the sa~e time to administer the patients with antibiotics ~or prophylactic purposes. These proposals, however, are tedious and time7 consuming, and are not completely free from renewed invasion by pathogenic bacteria.
The present invention seeks to provide an improved indwelling catheter which will prevent urinary tract infec-tions or ascending infection due to pathogenic bacteria while the catheter is being used.
According to the invention, there is provided an indwelling catheter comprising a flexible tubular member hav-ing a main lumen for urine discharge, one end of the main lumen being closed by a tip, the tubular member having an aperture adjacent said one end to allow communication between the main lumen and the exterior of the tubular member, and a balloon provided adjacent the aperture, an axiliary lumen connected to the main lumen for inflating the balloon, an oligodynamically active metal deposited on the periphery of the tubular member for producing metal ions upon contact with the urine. ~j The invention is',~characterized by the provision of an indwelling catheter capable per se of exhibiting bactericidal and sterilizing activity when it is retained in the urethra.
The oligodynamic metal used in accordance with the invention is typically a heavy metal such as copper, silver, gold or their alloys including intermetallic compounds thereof. It has now been found that these metals exert in the form of metal ion concentrations only of the order of ~,~t~?~7 ~B
about 1 x 10-6M a profound bactericidal effect.
In the practice of the invention, the catheter is connected to a urine collecting bag by means of a connector fitted between a flared outlet end of the catheter and a drainage tube leading to the bag, the connector being ~lso plated or coated with an oligodynamic metal. This arrange-ment will prevent urinary tract infections arising by entry of bacteria not only via urethral fluid that surrounds the catheter but also via the junction between the outlet end of the catheter and the drainage tube.
The invention will now be described in greater detail, by way of example, with reference to the drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like and corresponding parts throughout the several views and in which:
Figure 1 is a fragmentary plan view of a catheter equipped with an anchoring balloon;
Figure 2 is an enlarged, partly cross-sectional view of the catheter shown in Figure l;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line m - m of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a plan view of a catheter accoxding to another embodiment of the invention;
Figures 5 and 6 are schematic views illustrating the manner in which the balloon catheter is inserted in the male's and the female's urethra, respectively;
Figure 7 is a plan view of the balloon catheter of Figure 1 (or Figure 4) shown connected to a urine collecting bag; and . .
Figure 8 is a plan view of a connector adapted to connect the catheter to a drainage tube.
Reference to Figures 1 to 3 inclusive shows a urethral catheter 10 equipped with an anchoring balloon 11. The balloon catheter 10 comprises a tube 12 made of rubber or plastics having a main lumen 13 and an auxiliary or inflation lumen 14 attached to the wall of the primary lumen 13. One end of the tube 12 is closed by a cap 15made of copper or silver and having a hole 16 through which urine is taken into the main lumen 13. The cap 15 has on its bottom end a cir-cular flange 17 fitted in the tube 12. A balloon-forming layer 18 is provided beneath the cap 15 and over a recess 19 in the exterior surface of the tube 12. An aperture 20 is formed in the tube wall to provide communication between the inflation lumen 14 and the exterior recess 19. The inflation lumen 14 extends along the tube 12 and is branched off to be connected to an inflation tube 21. A suitable inflation medium is injected from the inflation tube 21 through the inflation lumen 14 and through the aperture 20 to expand the layer 18 to a balloon-like configuration as shown in Figure
As is well known, the palients who have suffered from cerebrospinal diseases such as cerebral hemorrhage, soften-ing of brain or spinal injuries, tend to be afflicted with dysuria of incontinence of urine. It is therefore necessary in such instance that a urinary catheter be inserted into the urethra and retained in the appropriate position for urina-tion for such patients as well as for those who have under-gone various surgical operations. Such catheters are often called "indwelling catheters," which must be sufficiently mechanically soft and resilient for effective use.
While the indwelling catheter is retained in the urethra for a relatively long period of time, it would permit pathogenic bacteria attached to the anus or genital vulva to enter through the urethra into the bladder, thereby frequent-ly causing cystitis, urethritis, or pyelitis or the so-called "ascending infection." This is pronounced particularly with female because her urethra is wider, shorter, and more linear than that of male.
Various attempts have been made to prevent the bacteri-al infection during the use of such indwelling catheters. Onesuch attempt has been to coat the catheter with an ointment containing an antibiotic or bactericide. Another attempt has been to irrigate the bladder through the catheter and wash -~ J'~ ~
the catheter at frequent intervals, and at the sa~e time to administer the patients with antibiotics ~or prophylactic purposes. These proposals, however, are tedious and time7 consuming, and are not completely free from renewed invasion by pathogenic bacteria.
The present invention seeks to provide an improved indwelling catheter which will prevent urinary tract infec-tions or ascending infection due to pathogenic bacteria while the catheter is being used.
According to the invention, there is provided an indwelling catheter comprising a flexible tubular member hav-ing a main lumen for urine discharge, one end of the main lumen being closed by a tip, the tubular member having an aperture adjacent said one end to allow communication between the main lumen and the exterior of the tubular member, and a balloon provided adjacent the aperture, an axiliary lumen connected to the main lumen for inflating the balloon, an oligodynamically active metal deposited on the periphery of the tubular member for producing metal ions upon contact with the urine. ~j The invention is',~characterized by the provision of an indwelling catheter capable per se of exhibiting bactericidal and sterilizing activity when it is retained in the urethra.
The oligodynamic metal used in accordance with the invention is typically a heavy metal such as copper, silver, gold or their alloys including intermetallic compounds thereof. It has now been found that these metals exert in the form of metal ion concentrations only of the order of ~,~t~?~7 ~B
about 1 x 10-6M a profound bactericidal effect.
In the practice of the invention, the catheter is connected to a urine collecting bag by means of a connector fitted between a flared outlet end of the catheter and a drainage tube leading to the bag, the connector being ~lso plated or coated with an oligodynamic metal. This arrange-ment will prevent urinary tract infections arising by entry of bacteria not only via urethral fluid that surrounds the catheter but also via the junction between the outlet end of the catheter and the drainage tube.
The invention will now be described in greater detail, by way of example, with reference to the drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like and corresponding parts throughout the several views and in which:
Figure 1 is a fragmentary plan view of a catheter equipped with an anchoring balloon;
Figure 2 is an enlarged, partly cross-sectional view of the catheter shown in Figure l;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line m - m of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a plan view of a catheter accoxding to another embodiment of the invention;
Figures 5 and 6 are schematic views illustrating the manner in which the balloon catheter is inserted in the male's and the female's urethra, respectively;
Figure 7 is a plan view of the balloon catheter of Figure 1 (or Figure 4) shown connected to a urine collecting bag; and . .
Figure 8 is a plan view of a connector adapted to connect the catheter to a drainage tube.
Reference to Figures 1 to 3 inclusive shows a urethral catheter 10 equipped with an anchoring balloon 11. The balloon catheter 10 comprises a tube 12 made of rubber or plastics having a main lumen 13 and an auxiliary or inflation lumen 14 attached to the wall of the primary lumen 13. One end of the tube 12 is closed by a cap 15made of copper or silver and having a hole 16 through which urine is taken into the main lumen 13. The cap 15 has on its bottom end a cir-cular flange 17 fitted in the tube 12. A balloon-forming layer 18 is provided beneath the cap 15 and over a recess 19 in the exterior surface of the tube 12. An aperture 20 is formed in the tube wall to provide communication between the inflation lumen 14 and the exterior recess 19. The inflation lumen 14 extends along the tube 12 and is branched off to be connected to an inflation tube 21. A suitable inflation medium is injected from the inflation tube 21 through the inflation lumen 14 and through the aperture 20 to expand the layer 18 to a balloon-like configuration as shown in Figure
2. For discharge of urine, the main lumen 13 is open at a flared end of the tube 12 opposite to the distal end where the cap 15 is located. Beneath the balloon layer 18, an oligodynamically active metal coil 22 measuring about 0.05 to 0.5 mm in diameter is wrapped around the tube 12. Similar coils 22 are provided at spaced intervals along the length of the tube 12. T:hese coils must be embedded to keep their outer peripheral surfaces lying substantially flush with the , ' ~ . . ' ' ~
, ~ . ' ~ - ' . : :
exterior surface of the tube 12.
In use the balloon catheter 10 is inserted into the male's urethra 23 or female's urethra 24, and an inflation medium is pumped through the inflation lumen 14 to expand the anchoring balloon 11, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.
This prevents accidental disengagement of the catheter 10 from the patient and anchors the catheter 10 in the appro-priate position for efficient use. With the catheter 10 thus anchored in the urethra, urine can be drained from the bladder 3I or 32 through the main lumen 13. When the catheter is no longer needed, the balloon 11 is deflated by releasing the inflation medium and the catheter 10 is removed from the patient.
The embodiment shown in Figure 4 is characterized by the application to the exterior surface of the tube 12 of a silver or other oligodynamically active metal in a powdery form ranging in particle size between 200 and 300 mesh. The metal powder is dispersed in suitable binders and coated on t~e peripheral surface of the tube 12 at spaced intervals along the length thereof as at 25 corresponding in position to the coils 22 of the catheter 10 shown in Figure 1. Coating intervals may be varied as desired. The catheter 10 shown in Figure 4 has a rounded tip 26 of rubber or plastic simi-lar to the mate:rial of the tube 12 and is devoid of the metal cap 15.
In indwe:Lling urethral catherization, the catheter 10 is connected to a urine collecting bag 27 via a drainage tube 28 to permit un:interrupted drainage of urine from the patient as shown in Eigure 7. A connector 29 is adapted to join the flared outlet end of the tube 12 to one end of the drainage tube 28, the other end of this tube being connected via a connector 30 to the bag 27. The connector 29 may be of any known form and construction, an example being shown in Figure 8. Importantly, the connector 29 according to the invention is plated or coated with silver or other oligodynamically active metals, so that entry of infecting organisms in the atomosphere into the urinary tract can be prevented. The connector 30 at the drainage bag 27 should likewise be oligo-dynamically treated to achieve similar prevention of urinary tract infection. The urine collecting or drainage ba~ 27 is well known and shown as a closed drainage system which is pre-ferred over an open system in recent years to delay infection 5 in patients with long-term urethral catherization.
EXAMPLE
A balloon catheter 10 was coated with silver particles of about 300 mesh over a length of 55 to 60 mm at a position about 5 mm below the lower end of the balloon 11. These catheters each connected to a urine collecting bag 27 were used in a total of 102 patients for bladder catheterization after surgical operations or in those with urinary retention for periods ranging from 4 to 77 days. During the period of indwelling catheterization, no antibiotics, as a rule, were administered but no patient developed overt bacteriuria ~over 105 bacteria per mQ) or symptoms of urethritis.
In contrast, all of 20 patients in the control group who had indwelling catheters of conventional type developed bacteriuria with 4 days of catheterization.
The data obtained and shown in Tables 1 and 2 indicates that effective prevention of urinary tract infection which is frequently associated with indwelling urethral catheterization can be achieved by the use of the catheter and drainage system provided in accordance with the invention.
.. . .. .
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exterior surface of the tube 12.
In use the balloon catheter 10 is inserted into the male's urethra 23 or female's urethra 24, and an inflation medium is pumped through the inflation lumen 14 to expand the anchoring balloon 11, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.
This prevents accidental disengagement of the catheter 10 from the patient and anchors the catheter 10 in the appro-priate position for efficient use. With the catheter 10 thus anchored in the urethra, urine can be drained from the bladder 3I or 32 through the main lumen 13. When the catheter is no longer needed, the balloon 11 is deflated by releasing the inflation medium and the catheter 10 is removed from the patient.
The embodiment shown in Figure 4 is characterized by the application to the exterior surface of the tube 12 of a silver or other oligodynamically active metal in a powdery form ranging in particle size between 200 and 300 mesh. The metal powder is dispersed in suitable binders and coated on t~e peripheral surface of the tube 12 at spaced intervals along the length thereof as at 25 corresponding in position to the coils 22 of the catheter 10 shown in Figure 1. Coating intervals may be varied as desired. The catheter 10 shown in Figure 4 has a rounded tip 26 of rubber or plastic simi-lar to the mate:rial of the tube 12 and is devoid of the metal cap 15.
In indwe:Lling urethral catherization, the catheter 10 is connected to a urine collecting bag 27 via a drainage tube 28 to permit un:interrupted drainage of urine from the patient as shown in Eigure 7. A connector 29 is adapted to join the flared outlet end of the tube 12 to one end of the drainage tube 28, the other end of this tube being connected via a connector 30 to the bag 27. The connector 29 may be of any known form and construction, an example being shown in Figure 8. Importantly, the connector 29 according to the invention is plated or coated with silver or other oligodynamically active metals, so that entry of infecting organisms in the atomosphere into the urinary tract can be prevented. The connector 30 at the drainage bag 27 should likewise be oligo-dynamically treated to achieve similar prevention of urinary tract infection. The urine collecting or drainage ba~ 27 is well known and shown as a closed drainage system which is pre-ferred over an open system in recent years to delay infection 5 in patients with long-term urethral catherization.
EXAMPLE
A balloon catheter 10 was coated with silver particles of about 300 mesh over a length of 55 to 60 mm at a position about 5 mm below the lower end of the balloon 11. These catheters each connected to a urine collecting bag 27 were used in a total of 102 patients for bladder catheterization after surgical operations or in those with urinary retention for periods ranging from 4 to 77 days. During the period of indwelling catheterization, no antibiotics, as a rule, were administered but no patient developed overt bacteriuria ~over 105 bacteria per mQ) or symptoms of urethritis.
In contrast, all of 20 patients in the control group who had indwelling catheters of conventional type developed bacteriuria with 4 days of catheterization.
The data obtained and shown in Tables 1 and 2 indicates that effective prevention of urinary tract infection which is frequently associated with indwelling urethral catheterization can be achieved by the use of the catheter and drainage system provided in accordance with the invention.
.. . .. .
6~ __ __ ~____ _____ _ ~ l l l l l l l _.____,~ _ __ _~ _._ . . _______ __ _ Ul '~
O 'S~
~(0~ l l l l l l l U~ ~
__ _ _ _ ____. __ ___ __._~ __ b~ _ O .,1 .~ o ~+~ I
N ~ __ ~
~1 ~lC) ~3 l l l l l l S ~O ~ .-_ _ ~____ ____ ____ .___ ___.._~__ _ O I
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Claims (5)
1. An indwelling catheter comprising a flexible tubu-lar member having a main lumen for urine discharge, one end of the main lumen being closed, the tubular member having an aperture adjacent said one end to allow communication between the main lumen and the exterior of the tubular, member, and a balloon provided adjacent the aperture, an auxiliary lumen connected to the main lumen for inflating the balloon, an oligodynamically active metal deposited on the periphery of the tubular member for producing metal ions upon contact with the urine.
2. An indwelling catheter as defined in claim 1 where-in said oligodynamically active metal is one selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, copper and their alloys.
3. An indwelling catheter as defined in claim 1 where-in said tubular member is coated with less than 300 mesh particles of an oligodynamically active metal at spaced inter-vals along its length.
4. An indwelling catheter as defined in claim 1 where-in one end of the main lumen is closed by a cap made of or plated with an oligodynamically active metal.
5. An indwelling catheter as defined in claim 1 where-in the main lumen is connected to a urine collecting bag by means of a connector fitted between the other end of the main lumen and a drainage tube leading to the bag, said connector being plated or coated with an oligodynamically active metal.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP52-62133 | 1977-05-17 | ||
| JP6213377U JPS5740994Y2 (en) | 1977-05-17 | 1977-05-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1106718A true CA1106718A (en) | 1981-08-11 |
Family
ID=13191268
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA303,432A Expired CA1106718A (en) | 1977-05-17 | 1978-05-16 | Indwelling catheter |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5740994Y2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU522108B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1106718A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5681575A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1997-10-28 | Westaim Technologies Inc. | Anti-microbial coating for medical devices |
| US5837275A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1998-11-17 | Westaim Technologies, Inc. | Anti-microbial materials |
| US5906600A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1999-05-25 | Gentamed Ag | Body showing antibacterial effect for application as a medical or surgical aid |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01135358A (en) * | 1987-11-21 | 1989-05-29 | Hiromaru Ogata | Catheter |
-
1977
- 1977-05-17 JP JP6213377U patent/JPS5740994Y2/ja not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-05-09 AU AU35958/78A patent/AU522108B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-16 CA CA303,432A patent/CA1106718A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5681575A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1997-10-28 | Westaim Technologies Inc. | Anti-microbial coating for medical devices |
| US5753251A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1998-05-19 | Westaim Technologies, Inc. | Anti-microbial coating for medical device |
| US5770255A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1998-06-23 | Westaim Technologies, Inc. | Anti-microbial coating for medical devices |
| US5837275A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1998-11-17 | Westaim Technologies, Inc. | Anti-microbial materials |
| US5958440A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1999-09-28 | Westaim Technologies, Inc. | Anti-microbial materials |
| US5985308A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1999-11-16 | Westaim Technologies, Inc. | Process for producing anti-microbial effect with complex silver ions |
| US6017553A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 2000-01-25 | Westaim Technologies, Inc. | Anti-microbial materials |
| US6238686B1 (en) | 1992-05-19 | 2001-05-29 | Westaim Technologies | Anti-microbial coating for medical devices |
| US5906600A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1999-05-25 | Gentamed Ag | Body showing antibacterial effect for application as a medical or surgical aid |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU522108B2 (en) | 1982-05-20 |
| AU3595878A (en) | 1979-11-15 |
| JPS5740994Y2 (en) | 1982-09-08 |
| JPS53157586U (en) | 1978-12-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |