CA1088924A - Modification of dry ground phthalocyanine pigment with aqueous nonionic surfactant - Google Patents
Modification of dry ground phthalocyanine pigment with aqueous nonionic surfactantInfo
- Publication number
- CA1088924A CA1088924A CA288,735A CA288735A CA1088924A CA 1088924 A CA1088924 A CA 1088924A CA 288735 A CA288735 A CA 288735A CA 1088924 A CA1088924 A CA 1088924A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- phthalocyanine
- beta
- pigment
- ethoxylated
- poly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
- C09B67/0014—Influencing the physical properties by treatment with a liquid, e.g. solvents
- C09B67/0016—Influencing the physical properties by treatment with a liquid, e.g. solvents of phthalocyanines
Abstract
A process of producing a phthalocyanine pigment Abstract of the Disclosure A process of producing a phthalocyanine pigment comprising dry grinding a crude phthalocyanine, stirring the ground product with an aqueous medium containing a surfactant and isolating the pigmentary product which, when dispersed into surface coating media, provide colourations having high brilliance and depth of shade.
Description
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The present invention relates to a process of producing a phthalocyanine pigment in an aqueous medium.
In the case of pigments intended for use in colouring surface coating media, e.g. paint~, lacquers and ink~, the physical characterlsti~s of the pigment assume particular lmportance. The physical characteri~tic~ are 90 important in these sub~trates because the phy~ical properties control to a la~6e degree the colouri~tic properties of the pigment in the s~rface coating.
A ~or problem associated with the use of pigment~ -~n surfa~e coating media, i~ that such media contain organic ~olvent~ which can have a disadvantageou~ effect on the cry~tal ~orm as ~rell as the degree of aggregation of the pi~mentpartic~s ~or inst~nc~, in the case of phthalocyarine pigments, thece pigment~ in their true crude form ( ex vat) are in the ~-crystal ~o~m, are G~ large particle ~i~e ( 25 to 50 trlicrons) and have Q ~ur~ace area Or about 5 m2/g~
The particle size of the crude ~-phthalocyanine pigment mu~t be reduced, e.g. by grinding, before it can be employed as a pig~ent in ~urface coating media. After submitting the true crude ~-phthalocyanine to a eomminution process such as grinding there is obtained a mixt~re of d- and ~-phthalocyanir.e having a reduced particle size, e.g. a ~ize in the range of from 0.01 to 1 micron, but which is ~till highly aggregated 80 that the surface area of the pigment i~ still low i.e. about 5m2/g The longer the comminutiOn proce~s i3 continued, the
The present invention relates to a process of producing a phthalocyanine pigment in an aqueous medium.
In the case of pigments intended for use in colouring surface coating media, e.g. paint~, lacquers and ink~, the physical characterlsti~s of the pigment assume particular lmportance. The physical characteri~tic~ are 90 important in these sub~trates because the phy~ical properties control to a la~6e degree the colouri~tic properties of the pigment in the s~rface coating.
A ~or problem associated with the use of pigment~ -~n surfa~e coating media, i~ that such media contain organic ~olvent~ which can have a disadvantageou~ effect on the cry~tal ~orm as ~rell as the degree of aggregation of the pi~mentpartic~s ~or inst~nc~, in the case of phthalocyarine pigments, thece pigment~ in their true crude form ( ex vat) are in the ~-crystal ~o~m, are G~ large particle ~i~e ( 25 to 50 trlicrons) and have Q ~ur~ace area Or about 5 m2/g~
The particle size of the crude ~-phthalocyanine pigment mu~t be reduced, e.g. by grinding, before it can be employed as a pig~ent in ~urface coating media. After submitting the true crude ~-phthalocyanine to a eomminution process such as grinding there is obtained a mixt~re of d- and ~-phthalocyanir.e having a reduced particle size, e.g. a ~ize in the range of from 0.01 to 1 micron, but which is ~till highly aggregated 80 that the surface area of the pigment i~ still low i.e. about 5m2/g The longer the comminutiOn proce~s i3 continued, the
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l9Z4 higher is the conversion of ~-form phthalocyanine into the a-crystal modification. However, the higher energy form ~ modi-fication is unstable when exposed to organic solvents such as those used in surface coatings, whereupon it reverts to the more stable ~-form. Such a ground~ - product is normally termed a ground crude pigment. In order to convert unstable ~-form to stable ~-form phthalocyanine and to produce a pigment of a quality acceptable for paints, inks and plastics, it has previous-ly been necessary to subject the ground crude product to a further treatment with an organic solvent, as illustrated e.g.
in United States Patent 2,857,400. :-Such solvent treatments or after-treatments, however, do have the disadvantage that the organic solvent used is ex-pensive and must also be removed and recovered after use, result-ing in further expenditure in time and plant.
We have now found that ground crude phthalocyanine pigment may be converted into pure ~-phthalocyanine by a process which does not involve a treatment with an organic solvent.
~ ccording to the present invention, there is provided a process of producing a ~-phthalocyanine pigment comprising ~ a) dry grinding a crude phthalocyanine to obtain an -phthalocyanine, ~ b) stirring the product from stage (a) with an aqueous medium containing a non-ionic surfactant to convert said -phthalocyanine to the ~-phthalocyanine form, and (c) isolating the resulting ~-phthalocyanine pig-mentary product.
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~ , ... ,, .... '.. , : ' , ,. ,. . ' , ,.' '' : ~' ' Ihe crude phthalocyanine ~tarting-material ~or ~tage a~ may b~ a metal-fr~ orm~tal-contalning phthalocyanine and may be optionally substituted with halogen atoms espe~ially chlorine and/or bromine ~tom~. If the phthalocyanine contains metal atoms these metal atoms may be cobalt-, zinc-, cadmium-, nickel- or other transition ~metal atoms, but the preferred Btarting-material i8- ~-form copper phthalocyanlne ag obtained directly from it3 synthesi~. , ~ In 8tage a), the dry grinding treatment applied to the p~thalocyanine material may be effected with or without thc u~e of a salt e.g. calcium chloride ,sodium chloride~
sodlum acetate, ~odium sulphate or other inorganic or organic oalt. The dry grinding treatment is conveniently e~feoted in a ball mill for a s~fficient length of time to obtain a ~-round crude phthalocyanine having a mean particle size in ~he range os ~rom 0.01 to 1 micron, preferably ~rom 0.03 to 0.5 micron. Normally, a grinding time of rom 4 to 12 hours i~ adequate for this purpose.
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As mentioned, the surfactant used in step (b) of the process of the invention is a non-ionic surfactant. Preferred non-ionic surfactants are polyalkoxylated-acids, -alcohols, -phenols and -amines, e.g. poly(ethoxylated) C6-C12 alkyl phenols such as nonyl phenol, poly~ethoxylated) C10-C18 alkyl alcohols such as cetyl alcohol, poly(ethoxylated) C12-C18 alkyl amines such as coco-amine or tallow amine, poly(ethoxylated) C10-C18 aliphatic acids such as stearic acid and poly(ethoxylated) C10-C18 aliphatic acid amides such as hydrogenated tallow amide.
Typical surfactants which are useful in the process of the present invention are alkyl phenols such as octyl and nonyl phenols, fatty alcohols e.g. cetyl-, stearyl- and oleyl alcohols, or glyceryl esters condensed with 5 to 50 moles of alkylene oxide.
Particularly preferred non-ionic surfactants for use in stage (b) of the process of the present invention are ethoxy-lated alkyl phenols.
The non-ionic surfactant may contain anionic or cationic groups in addition to non-ionic groups such as alkoxy groups, provided that the total molecule exhibits a net non-ionic character.
The amount of surfactant used is preferably from 1%
to 30%, especially from 2% to 20%, more especially from 5% to 15% by weight, based on the weight of phthalocyanine starting material.
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Stage b) of the present in~ention is preferably effected under conditions of good agitation, such as those which are attainable using a high-speed stirrer having a maximum speed within the range of from 4000 to 8000 rev~lutions per minute. ALternatively, if step b) ls conducted at the temperature at which the reaction mixture of step b) refluxes,the agitation of` the mixture caused by the refluxing may obviate the need for high speed stlrring.
Desirably, stage b) of the process of the invention is effected at an elevated temperat-lre e.g. at a temperature within the range of from 25 to the boil, a~vantageously at a temperature within the range of from 70C. to the boil.
~ or the production of a pigment composition suitable for aqueous application systems e.g. emulsion paints, a preferred procedure involves complexing the non~ionic surfactant, which is used to convert,~ /~ CuPc to ~ CuPc, with an ionic surfactant such as a polymeric carboxylic acid e.g. a polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acid. The complex formation may be effected by adding a solution of the ionic surfactant, e~g. of the polymeric carboxylic acid or a water-soluble salt thereof e.g. an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof, to the slurry formed by mixing the pigment and the non-ionic surfactant solution;
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and reducing the pH value of the mixture by the addition of acid e.g. HCl, H2S04, H3P04 or acetic acid, until the slurry is flocculated to an extent sufficient to allow isolation o~ the pigment by conventional filtration.
The pH value to which the lurry has to be reduced is usually below 3.5, preferably within the range of 1.0 to 2.5~
Further details of the nature and mode of prepara~ion o~ the surfactant complexes used in this preferred embodiment of the process o the invention are described in our Belgian Patent Speci~ication No. 834,829.
m e pigment product so obtained may be washed free from salts soluble in water, preferably using acidified water to prevent breakdown of the surfactant complex.
After drying e.g. in a conventional drying oven maintained, for-instancefat a temperature in the range of from 40 to 70, there is obtained a pigment composition which is easily dispersible in an aqueous emulsion paint with only low shear stirring e~g. stirring with a paddle stirrer.
It ma~ be advantageous to add, during step b) Or the process of the present invention, a proportion of one or more agents known to improve the applicational properties of a pigment in other surface coatings. Examples of such agents include rosin, rosin amines, zinc calcium resi.nates and, amines, or derivatives thereof, preferably aliphatic amines, amine salts or amine oxides having .
.. , ,.. ,,, : . . ~. , ; .... . . . : . . .
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, .. . , . ; : , : ~ ..... , . : ,, .
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~.~t~924 from 1 to ~0 carbon atoms. A~y amines used may be primary, secondary or tertiary amines. Preferred amines are C12 to C20 alkylamines e.g. oleylamine~ stearylamine, 3-octadecylaminopropyl amine or 3~(2~-pentadecylamlno)propylamine, optionally in the ~orm of thelr carboxylic acid salt~ e.g. their acetates or oleates The proportion of any improving agent added during stage b) is deslrably within the range of from 1% to 400/ol especially from 2~ to 15~ by weight, based on the total weight of dry pigment.
The ~inal isolation step, stage c) of the process of the present inventlon may be oarried out e,g. by acidifying the mixture, filtering off the solid pig~entary material and, desirably wa~hing i~ free from water-soluble materials, prlor to drying it e.g. a* a temperature within the range of from 40 to 70~C.
The pigments obtained according to the process of the present invention are produced without expenditure on organic solvents or environmentai pollution due to the use of such solvents. Moreover, when dispGrsed into surface coating media such as paints, lacquers and inks, especially aqueous surface coating media, the pigments provide colourations :, . . .. . . . ....... . .... . . . .
: '.': ,., ' ':' ,. ' :., :." :, :
, ~: . ,' ' . . . . ' ., . ' , . . :, . . ~ , .. , ,, 1 .
9~4 having high brilliance and depth of shade.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a composition comprising a surface coating medium and a pigmenting proportion of a pigment produced by a process according to the invention.
The following Examples fur-ther illustrate the present invention. Parts and percentages shown therein are by weight unless otherwise stated.
9 _ .. . . . .
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6 part~ E~.pilan NP.9 (non~lphenol-ethoxylated) are dis~olved in 350 parts cold water with stirrin~. 60 part~
c~ude phthalocyanine which ha~ been ground in a ball-mill with steel balls for eight hourq i~ then added to the surfactant solution under cond:L-tion~ of good agltation e.~.
u~ing a Sil~er~on L2R high ~peed stirrer~ max. speed i9 about 6,ooo revs./min.). The pigment suspension is heated under high ~peed stirring to 95-C and this temperature held for 90 min. at pH 8.5(pH ad~ust~ent by addition of dil.NaOH
solution~. 120 parts of a 5% w/w solution of Staybelite (ex He~cules Powder Co.) resin in dil.KOH is then run in, followed by ~u~ficient calci~m chloride ~olution to precipltate the resin. The slurry is then acidified to pH2 with dil HCl. ~tirred ~ hour under con~entional Qtirring condition~, ~iltered, washed free o~ qoluble ~alt~, and dried ( at 50 60-C).
Similar products were obtalned when Empilan NP.9 was ~- repla~ced by o~e of the following ~rfactant~:-a) ethoxylated castor oil b) ethoxylated synthetic C13~C15 linear primary alcohol.
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The pigment compositions so obtained are particularly suitablc for use in oil inks and non-aqueous paints.
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750 parts crude ~-form phthalocyanine blue is ground with 65 parts phthalimide to give approximately 600/o ~r- form pigment, using a ball-mill.
The powder produced is stirred into 1500 parts water B containing 24 parts flake caustic soda and 157.5 parts Synperonic NP15 (an ethoxylated alkyl phcnol from ICI Ltd.) Mixing is continued on a high-speed mixer, e.g. a Silverson L2R, for 2.5 hours, maintaining the temperature at 95-100C
by the injection of steam. A solution is then added which consists of 514 parts of a 35% solution in water of potassium polymethac~ylate (Vinapol 1640 ex Vinyl Products) and 22.5 parts of Supronic E800 (an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block co-polymer ex ABM Chemicals Ltd) all in 800 parts water.
The slurry is then acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid to pH 1 then filtered and washed with water acidified with hydrochloric ~cid to pH2. The filter cake is then dried to yield a pigment composition which is readily dispersible in aqueous emulsion paint.
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Example 87.5 parts erude (~ - form) phthalocyanine is ground with 11.5 parts anhydrous caleium chloride, 0.8 parts diethylaniline, and 0.~ parts glycerol monooleate to give approximatel~r 600/o ~~ form pigment, using a ball mill.
~ le powder is stirred into 600 parts water containing 8.75 parts Synperonic NX (an ethoxylated alkylphenol from ICI Ltd). Mixing is continued on a high-speed mixer, e.g.
a Silverson L2R, for 1.75 hours, maintaining the temperature at 95-100C by the injection of steam.
A further 7 parts Synperonie NX dissolved in 20 parts water are then added, and mixing eontinued for a further 0.25 hours at 95-lO0C. A solution is then added which eonsists Or 45 parts of a 35% solution in water of potassium polymethaerylate (Vinapol 1640 ex Vinyl Produets) in 150 parts water.
m e slurry is then acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid to p~I 1, then filtered and washed with water acidified with hydroehlorie aeid to pH 2. The lilter eake is then dried to yield a pigment composition whieh is readily dispersible in aqueous emulsion paint.
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,' ~ 9 Z4 xample 4 54 æarts of ground copper phtllalocyanine powder, obtained as described in Example 2 are stirred in 500 parts of water containing 2 parts of sodium hydroxide flake and 10.5 parts of Synperonic NP15 ( an ethoxylated alkyl-phenol).
The resulting slurry is heated to reflu~ and maintained at reflux tempera-ture with conventional paddle stirring until the pigment is converted to 100/0 ~-form (time required approximately 2-1- hours). The slurry is then cooled to 65~C. A solution is then added which consists of 34.5 parts of a 35% solution in water of Vinapol 16L~0 (the potassium salt of polymethacrylic acid)and 1.5 parts of Superonic E.800 ( an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block co-polymer)all in 56 parts of water. The slurry is stirred for 15 minutes and then a~idified with a solution - of ~2 parts of hydrochloric acid in 22 parts of water.
The temperature of the mixture is allowed to fall to 55C.
~~ The slurry is then filtered and washed with a solution of 8.16 parts citric acid in 16,000 parts water.
-The filter cake is dried to yield a pigment composition which is readily dispersible in an aqueous emulsion paint.
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54 parts of ground copper phthalocyanine powder, obtained as describsd in Exalnple 2 are stirred into 800 B parts of water containing 10.~ parts of Texofor D30( an ethoxylated glycerol ester) Mixing is continued on a high-speed mixer; viz. a Silverson L2R, for 2.5 hours, maintaining the temperature at 95-100C by the injection of steam. A solution is then added which consists of 34.28 parts of a 35% solution of Vinapol 1640 (potassium polymethacrylate) and 1.5 parts of Supronic E.800(an e~hylene oxide/propylene oxide block co-polymer) all in 56 parts of water. Mixing is continued on a high-speed mixer for 1~ minutes and then the high-speed mixer is replaced by a conventional paddle stirrer. The slurry is acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid to pH 1.5. Stirring is continued ~or half an hour.
The slurry is then filtered and washed with a solution of citric acid as described in ~xample 4. The filter cake is dried to yield a pigment composition which is readily dispersible in an aqueous em~lsion pa;nt.
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Exampl e 6 54 parts of ground copper phthalocyanine powder, obtained as described in Exa:nple 2 are sti~red in 800 part.s of water containing 10.5 parts of SynperGnic BD.100 ( a mixture Or two ethoxylated long chain primary alcohols). Mixing is continued using a conventiona]. paddle stirrer and the pigment slurry is heated at reflu~ temperature for three hours.
A solution is then added which consists of 34.28 parts of a 35%
solution in water of Vinapol 1640(potassium polymethacrylate) and 1.5 parts of Supronic E.800 ( an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copol~mer)all in 56 parts of water. The slurry is stirred for fifteen minutes and then acidified and worked up as described in Example 5 to yield a pigment composition which is readily dispersible in an aqueous emulsion paint.
.
l9Z4 higher is the conversion of ~-form phthalocyanine into the a-crystal modification. However, the higher energy form ~ modi-fication is unstable when exposed to organic solvents such as those used in surface coatings, whereupon it reverts to the more stable ~-form. Such a ground~ - product is normally termed a ground crude pigment. In order to convert unstable ~-form to stable ~-form phthalocyanine and to produce a pigment of a quality acceptable for paints, inks and plastics, it has previous-ly been necessary to subject the ground crude product to a further treatment with an organic solvent, as illustrated e.g.
in United States Patent 2,857,400. :-Such solvent treatments or after-treatments, however, do have the disadvantage that the organic solvent used is ex-pensive and must also be removed and recovered after use, result-ing in further expenditure in time and plant.
We have now found that ground crude phthalocyanine pigment may be converted into pure ~-phthalocyanine by a process which does not involve a treatment with an organic solvent.
~ ccording to the present invention, there is provided a process of producing a ~-phthalocyanine pigment comprising ~ a) dry grinding a crude phthalocyanine to obtain an -phthalocyanine, ~ b) stirring the product from stage (a) with an aqueous medium containing a non-ionic surfactant to convert said -phthalocyanine to the ~-phthalocyanine form, and (c) isolating the resulting ~-phthalocyanine pig-mentary product.
1~ .
. . . ~ . . .
. , , , . .. ~
~ , ... ,, .... '.. , : ' , ,. ,. . ' , ,.' '' : ~' ' Ihe crude phthalocyanine ~tarting-material ~or ~tage a~ may b~ a metal-fr~ orm~tal-contalning phthalocyanine and may be optionally substituted with halogen atoms espe~ially chlorine and/or bromine ~tom~. If the phthalocyanine contains metal atoms these metal atoms may be cobalt-, zinc-, cadmium-, nickel- or other transition ~metal atoms, but the preferred Btarting-material i8- ~-form copper phthalocyanlne ag obtained directly from it3 synthesi~. , ~ In 8tage a), the dry grinding treatment applied to the p~thalocyanine material may be effected with or without thc u~e of a salt e.g. calcium chloride ,sodium chloride~
sodlum acetate, ~odium sulphate or other inorganic or organic oalt. The dry grinding treatment is conveniently e~feoted in a ball mill for a s~fficient length of time to obtain a ~-round crude phthalocyanine having a mean particle size in ~he range os ~rom 0.01 to 1 micron, preferably ~rom 0.03 to 0.5 micron. Normally, a grinding time of rom 4 to 12 hours i~ adequate for this purpose.
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. , ~ . , :: , ;, , , ~
:': .''' :: . ~ ~ . . ' ~: : ., . :: .
As mentioned, the surfactant used in step (b) of the process of the invention is a non-ionic surfactant. Preferred non-ionic surfactants are polyalkoxylated-acids, -alcohols, -phenols and -amines, e.g. poly(ethoxylated) C6-C12 alkyl phenols such as nonyl phenol, poly~ethoxylated) C10-C18 alkyl alcohols such as cetyl alcohol, poly(ethoxylated) C12-C18 alkyl amines such as coco-amine or tallow amine, poly(ethoxylated) C10-C18 aliphatic acids such as stearic acid and poly(ethoxylated) C10-C18 aliphatic acid amides such as hydrogenated tallow amide.
Typical surfactants which are useful in the process of the present invention are alkyl phenols such as octyl and nonyl phenols, fatty alcohols e.g. cetyl-, stearyl- and oleyl alcohols, or glyceryl esters condensed with 5 to 50 moles of alkylene oxide.
Particularly preferred non-ionic surfactants for use in stage (b) of the process of the present invention are ethoxy-lated alkyl phenols.
The non-ionic surfactant may contain anionic or cationic groups in addition to non-ionic groups such as alkoxy groups, provided that the total molecule exhibits a net non-ionic character.
The amount of surfactant used is preferably from 1%
to 30%, especially from 2% to 20%, more especially from 5% to 15% by weight, based on the weight of phthalocyanine starting material.
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Stage b) of the present in~ention is preferably effected under conditions of good agitation, such as those which are attainable using a high-speed stirrer having a maximum speed within the range of from 4000 to 8000 rev~lutions per minute. ALternatively, if step b) ls conducted at the temperature at which the reaction mixture of step b) refluxes,the agitation of` the mixture caused by the refluxing may obviate the need for high speed stlrring.
Desirably, stage b) of the process of the invention is effected at an elevated temperat-lre e.g. at a temperature within the range of from 25 to the boil, a~vantageously at a temperature within the range of from 70C. to the boil.
~ or the production of a pigment composition suitable for aqueous application systems e.g. emulsion paints, a preferred procedure involves complexing the non~ionic surfactant, which is used to convert,~ /~ CuPc to ~ CuPc, with an ionic surfactant such as a polymeric carboxylic acid e.g. a polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acid. The complex formation may be effected by adding a solution of the ionic surfactant, e~g. of the polymeric carboxylic acid or a water-soluble salt thereof e.g. an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof, to the slurry formed by mixing the pigment and the non-ionic surfactant solution;
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f~
and reducing the pH value of the mixture by the addition of acid e.g. HCl, H2S04, H3P04 or acetic acid, until the slurry is flocculated to an extent sufficient to allow isolation o~ the pigment by conventional filtration.
The pH value to which the lurry has to be reduced is usually below 3.5, preferably within the range of 1.0 to 2.5~
Further details of the nature and mode of prepara~ion o~ the surfactant complexes used in this preferred embodiment of the process o the invention are described in our Belgian Patent Speci~ication No. 834,829.
m e pigment product so obtained may be washed free from salts soluble in water, preferably using acidified water to prevent breakdown of the surfactant complex.
After drying e.g. in a conventional drying oven maintained, for-instancefat a temperature in the range of from 40 to 70, there is obtained a pigment composition which is easily dispersible in an aqueous emulsion paint with only low shear stirring e~g. stirring with a paddle stirrer.
It ma~ be advantageous to add, during step b) Or the process of the present invention, a proportion of one or more agents known to improve the applicational properties of a pigment in other surface coatings. Examples of such agents include rosin, rosin amines, zinc calcium resi.nates and, amines, or derivatives thereof, preferably aliphatic amines, amine salts or amine oxides having .
.. , ,.. ,,, : . . ~. , ; .... . . . : . . .
. ' . . ' ' :~: " ' ' : " ' : ' ' : ' ' , ,: ; .
, .. . , . ; : , : ~ ..... , . : ,, .
' '' .' ' . ' ' ~' : ~ , "
~.~t~924 from 1 to ~0 carbon atoms. A~y amines used may be primary, secondary or tertiary amines. Preferred amines are C12 to C20 alkylamines e.g. oleylamine~ stearylamine, 3-octadecylaminopropyl amine or 3~(2~-pentadecylamlno)propylamine, optionally in the ~orm of thelr carboxylic acid salt~ e.g. their acetates or oleates The proportion of any improving agent added during stage b) is deslrably within the range of from 1% to 400/ol especially from 2~ to 15~ by weight, based on the total weight of dry pigment.
The ~inal isolation step, stage c) of the process of the present inventlon may be oarried out e,g. by acidifying the mixture, filtering off the solid pig~entary material and, desirably wa~hing i~ free from water-soluble materials, prlor to drying it e.g. a* a temperature within the range of from 40 to 70~C.
The pigments obtained according to the process of the present invention are produced without expenditure on organic solvents or environmentai pollution due to the use of such solvents. Moreover, when dispGrsed into surface coating media such as paints, lacquers and inks, especially aqueous surface coating media, the pigments provide colourations :, . . .. . . . ....... . .... . . . .
: '.': ,., ' ':' ,. ' :., :." :, :
, ~: . ,' ' . . . . ' ., . ' , . . :, . . ~ , .. , ,, 1 .
9~4 having high brilliance and depth of shade.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a composition comprising a surface coating medium and a pigmenting proportion of a pigment produced by a process according to the invention.
The following Examples fur-ther illustrate the present invention. Parts and percentages shown therein are by weight unless otherwise stated.
9 _ .. . . . .
. ~ .
r ~
~.
D
6 part~ E~.pilan NP.9 (non~lphenol-ethoxylated) are dis~olved in 350 parts cold water with stirrin~. 60 part~
c~ude phthalocyanine which ha~ been ground in a ball-mill with steel balls for eight hourq i~ then added to the surfactant solution under cond:L-tion~ of good agltation e.~.
u~ing a Sil~er~on L2R high ~peed stirrer~ max. speed i9 about 6,ooo revs./min.). The pigment suspension is heated under high ~peed stirring to 95-C and this temperature held for 90 min. at pH 8.5(pH ad~ust~ent by addition of dil.NaOH
solution~. 120 parts of a 5% w/w solution of Staybelite (ex He~cules Powder Co.) resin in dil.KOH is then run in, followed by ~u~ficient calci~m chloride ~olution to precipltate the resin. The slurry is then acidified to pH2 with dil HCl. ~tirred ~ hour under con~entional Qtirring condition~, ~iltered, washed free o~ qoluble ~alt~, and dried ( at 50 60-C).
Similar products were obtalned when Empilan NP.9 was ~- repla~ced by o~e of the following ~rfactant~:-a) ethoxylated castor oil b) ethoxylated synthetic C13~C15 linear primary alcohol.
:........... '' . , ' ' ' ~,'' '' ' , ';
, , . , . ' ' ~ ' .:
i : .
" . ,' . . ' ' ;;,~.; : ' ` : : ', ' , .' :, 2~
The pigment compositions so obtained are particularly suitablc for use in oil inks and non-aqueous paints.
.~ .
750 parts crude ~-form phthalocyanine blue is ground with 65 parts phthalimide to give approximately 600/o ~r- form pigment, using a ball-mill.
The powder produced is stirred into 1500 parts water B containing 24 parts flake caustic soda and 157.5 parts Synperonic NP15 (an ethoxylated alkyl phcnol from ICI Ltd.) Mixing is continued on a high-speed mixer, e.g. a Silverson L2R, for 2.5 hours, maintaining the temperature at 95-100C
by the injection of steam. A solution is then added which consists of 514 parts of a 35% solution in water of potassium polymethac~ylate (Vinapol 1640 ex Vinyl Products) and 22.5 parts of Supronic E800 (an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block co-polymer ex ABM Chemicals Ltd) all in 800 parts water.
The slurry is then acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid to pH 1 then filtered and washed with water acidified with hydrochloric ~cid to pH2. The filter cake is then dried to yield a pigment composition which is readily dispersible in aqueous emulsion paint.
~;~ ~/e ~ ~ /~
. ;~
.~ . . . .
.
Example 87.5 parts erude (~ - form) phthalocyanine is ground with 11.5 parts anhydrous caleium chloride, 0.8 parts diethylaniline, and 0.~ parts glycerol monooleate to give approximatel~r 600/o ~~ form pigment, using a ball mill.
~ le powder is stirred into 600 parts water containing 8.75 parts Synperonic NX (an ethoxylated alkylphenol from ICI Ltd). Mixing is continued on a high-speed mixer, e.g.
a Silverson L2R, for 1.75 hours, maintaining the temperature at 95-100C by the injection of steam.
A further 7 parts Synperonie NX dissolved in 20 parts water are then added, and mixing eontinued for a further 0.25 hours at 95-lO0C. A solution is then added which eonsists Or 45 parts of a 35% solution in water of potassium polymethaerylate (Vinapol 1640 ex Vinyl Produets) in 150 parts water.
m e slurry is then acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid to p~I 1, then filtered and washed with water acidified with hydroehlorie aeid to pH 2. The lilter eake is then dried to yield a pigment composition whieh is readily dispersible in aqueous emulsion paint.
.. . . . , . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . , .. ~ . .. . . . .
, -, .
' ;:' ' . . .
,' ~ 9 Z4 xample 4 54 æarts of ground copper phtllalocyanine powder, obtained as described in Example 2 are stirred in 500 parts of water containing 2 parts of sodium hydroxide flake and 10.5 parts of Synperonic NP15 ( an ethoxylated alkyl-phenol).
The resulting slurry is heated to reflu~ and maintained at reflux tempera-ture with conventional paddle stirring until the pigment is converted to 100/0 ~-form (time required approximately 2-1- hours). The slurry is then cooled to 65~C. A solution is then added which consists of 34.5 parts of a 35% solution in water of Vinapol 16L~0 (the potassium salt of polymethacrylic acid)and 1.5 parts of Superonic E.800 ( an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block co-polymer)all in 56 parts of water. The slurry is stirred for 15 minutes and then a~idified with a solution - of ~2 parts of hydrochloric acid in 22 parts of water.
The temperature of the mixture is allowed to fall to 55C.
~~ The slurry is then filtered and washed with a solution of 8.16 parts citric acid in 16,000 parts water.
-The filter cake is dried to yield a pigment composition which is readily dispersible in an aqueous emulsion paint.
: ~ ~
'~ - , .
9~
Example ~
54 parts of ground copper phthalocyanine powder, obtained as describsd in Exalnple 2 are stirred into 800 B parts of water containing 10.~ parts of Texofor D30( an ethoxylated glycerol ester) Mixing is continued on a high-speed mixer; viz. a Silverson L2R, for 2.5 hours, maintaining the temperature at 95-100C by the injection of steam. A solution is then added which consists of 34.28 parts of a 35% solution of Vinapol 1640 (potassium polymethacrylate) and 1.5 parts of Supronic E.800(an e~hylene oxide/propylene oxide block co-polymer) all in 56 parts of water. Mixing is continued on a high-speed mixer for 1~ minutes and then the high-speed mixer is replaced by a conventional paddle stirrer. The slurry is acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid to pH 1.5. Stirring is continued ~or half an hour.
The slurry is then filtered and washed with a solution of citric acid as described in ~xample 4. The filter cake is dried to yield a pigment composition which is readily dispersible in an aqueous em~lsion pa;nt.
é ~
... .
. .... . . . .. . .. .. ... .. ... ..... . . .. .. . . . . . .... .... ... . .. . . . , .. ~ ~ .
, . ... ~ . ~... .. ...
: . .. , . . , ~ . - . . . . , , :. .. .
,~
Exampl e 6 54 parts of ground copper phthalocyanine powder, obtained as described in Exa:nple 2 are sti~red in 800 part.s of water containing 10.5 parts of SynperGnic BD.100 ( a mixture Or two ethoxylated long chain primary alcohols). Mixing is continued using a conventiona]. paddle stirrer and the pigment slurry is heated at reflu~ temperature for three hours.
A solution is then added which consists of 34.28 parts of a 35%
solution in water of Vinapol 1640(potassium polymethacrylate) and 1.5 parts of Supronic E.800 ( an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copol~mer)all in 56 parts of water. The slurry is stirred for fifteen minutes and then acidified and worked up as described in Example 5 to yield a pigment composition which is readily dispersible in an aqueous emulsion paint.
.
Claims (12)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A process of producing a .beta.-phthalocyanine pigment com-prising (a) dry grinding a crude phthalocyanine to obtain an .alpha.-/.beta.-phthalocyanine, (b) stirring the product from stage (a) with an aqueous medium containing a non-ionic surfactant to convert said .alpha.-/.beta.-phthalocyanine to the .beta.-phthalocyanine form, and (c) isolating the resulting .beta.-phthalocyanine pigment-ary product.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the starting material is .beta.-form copper phthalocyanine as obtained directly from its synthesis.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the dry grind-ing in stage (a) is effected in a ball mill for a sufficient length of time to obtain a crude ground phthalocyanine having a mean primary particle size in the range of from 0.01 to 1 micron.
4. A process as claimed in claim 3 wherein the non-ionic surfactant is a polyalkoxylated-acid, -alcohol, -phenol or -amine.
5. A process as claimed in claim 4 wherein the surfact-ant is a poly(ethoxylated) C6-C12 alkyl phenol, a poly(ethoxylated) C10-C18 alkyl alcohol, a poly(ethoxylated) C12-C18 alkyl amine, a poly(ethoxylated) C10-C18 aliphatic acid or a poly(ethoxylated) C10-C18 aliphatic acid amine.
6. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the amount of surfactant used is from 1 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the phthalocyanine starting material.
7. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the process of step (b) is effected at a temperature within the range of from 25°C to the boil.
8. A process as claimed in claim 2 wherein the non-ionic surfactant which is used to convert .alpha./.beta. copper phthalocyanine to .beta. copper phthalocyanine pigment is complexed with an ionic sur-factant.
9. A process as claimed in claim 8 wherein the ionic surfactant is a polymeric carboxylic acid.
10. A process as claimed in claim 8 wherein the complex formation is effected by adding a solution of the ionic surfact-ant to the slurry formed by mixing the pigment and the non-ionic surfactant solution and reducing the pH value of the mixture by the addition of acid, until the slurry is flocculated to an extent sufficient to allow isolation of the pigment by filtra-tion.
11. A process as claimed in claim 10 wherein the pH value to which the slurry is reduced is within the range of 1.0 to 2.5.
12. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein step (c) is effected by acidifying the mixture, filtering off the solid pig-mentary material and washing it free from water-soluble materials prior to drying it.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB42858/76 | 1976-10-15 | ||
| GB42858/76A GB1544991A (en) | 1976-10-15 | 1976-10-15 | Pigment treatment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1088924A true CA1088924A (en) | 1980-11-04 |
Family
ID=10426280
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA288,735A Expired CA1088924A (en) | 1976-10-15 | 1977-10-14 | Modification of dry ground phthalocyanine pigment with aqueous nonionic surfactant |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4158572A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5350230A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7706855A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1088924A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH629242A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2745893A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK458777A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2367806A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1544991A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1113646B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7711324A (en) |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2851752B1 (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1980-06-12 | Basf Ag | Process for the production of easily dispersible and strongly colored pigment forms |
| DE2851769A1 (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1980-06-19 | Basf Ag | METHOD FOR CONVERTING RAW COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE INTO AN EASILY DISTRIBUTABLE COLORED PIGMENT SHAPE |
| US4749810A (en) * | 1980-11-14 | 1988-06-07 | The Standard Oil Company | Strong acid hydrocarboxylation of propylene to isobutyric acid using metal phthalocyanines as co-catalysts |
| DE3123732A1 (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1982-12-30 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | MEASURING AGENTS AND DISPERSING AGENTS FOR PIGMENTS |
| JPS5829861A (en) * | 1981-08-14 | 1983-02-22 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | Preparation of crushed crude pigment |
| US4526804A (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1985-07-02 | Ball Corporation | Method for providing sheet metal stock with finely divided powder |
| US4439240A (en) * | 1983-02-16 | 1984-03-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company | Aqueous milling of quinacridone pigment |
| US4478968A (en) * | 1983-04-06 | 1984-10-23 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Manufacture of resin extended pigments |
| US4548968A (en) * | 1983-04-06 | 1985-10-22 | Ciba Geigy Corporation | Manufacture of resin extended pigments |
| US4759801A (en) * | 1985-07-17 | 1988-07-26 | Sandoz Ltd. | Pigment preparations |
| US4859770A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1989-08-22 | Basf Corporation | Process for making alpha-phase phthalocyanine blue pigment comprising substantially 100 percent isometric crystals |
| US4990187A (en) * | 1988-05-05 | 1991-02-05 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Process for preparing gravure base ink |
| GB9007924D0 (en) * | 1990-04-07 | 1990-06-06 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Production of pigments |
| US5284511A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1994-02-08 | Miles Inc. | Conditioning process for phthalocyanine pigments |
| DE69523971T2 (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 2002-08-29 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stable aqueous solid particle dispersions |
| US5468598A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1995-11-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Solid particle dispersions for imaging systems |
| US5534055A (en) | 1994-08-24 | 1996-07-09 | Bayer Corporation | Process for alpha-phase metal phthalocyanine pigments |
| US5634971A (en) * | 1995-10-25 | 1997-06-03 | Petrolite Corporation | Process for dispersing pigments with polyoxyalkylated ethers |
| JPH09291223A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-11 | Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd | Production of beta-type copper phthalocyanine pigment |
| US6156116A (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-12-05 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Conversion of crude phthalocyanine blue from red to green shade in an aqueous environment |
| US6440207B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2002-08-27 | Bayer Corporation | Method for preparing organic pigments |
| US6379450B1 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2002-04-30 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Process for producing β-phase copper phthalocyanine pigment |
| US6709507B2 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2004-03-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method of producing stabilized organic pigment particles and device therefor |
| TW200809436A (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2008-02-16 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Manufacturing method of coating liquid for forming photosensitive layer, coating liquid for forming photosensitive layer, electrophotgraphic photorecetor using same, image forming apparauts using photoreceptor, and electrophotgraphic photoreceptor cartri |
| WO2008022280A2 (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2008-02-21 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Pi-coated pigments |
| JP2008107222A (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2008-05-08 | Konica Minolta Medical & Graphic Inc | Scintillator panel |
| US7329315B1 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2008-02-12 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Copper phthalocyanine blue pigment composition and water borne dispersion thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2378283A (en) * | 1941-12-10 | 1945-06-12 | Swiss Firm Of Soc Of Chemical | Pigment dyestuffs and process for the improvement of the tinctorial properties of pigments |
| US2816115A (en) * | 1954-07-12 | 1957-12-10 | Du Pont | Production of phthalocyanine colors in pigmentary state |
| US3017414A (en) * | 1959-05-20 | 1962-01-16 | Du Pont | Pigment production |
| GB1140836A (en) * | 1966-02-22 | 1969-01-22 | Geigy Uk Ltd | Treatment of phthalocyanine pigments |
| GB1362180A (en) * | 1970-11-20 | 1974-07-30 | Ciba Geigy Uk Ltd | Preparation of pigments |
| US3758321A (en) * | 1971-01-25 | 1973-09-11 | Allied Chem | Conditioning of phthalocyanine compounds |
-
1976
- 1976-10-15 GB GB42858/76A patent/GB1544991A/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-10-11 US US05/840,886 patent/US4158572A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-10-12 CH CH1245777A patent/CH629242A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-10-12 DE DE19772745893 patent/DE2745893A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1977-10-13 BR BR7706855A patent/BR7706855A/en unknown
- 1977-10-14 IT IT7728639A patent/IT1113646B/en active
- 1977-10-14 CA CA288,735A patent/CA1088924A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-14 FR FR7730950A patent/FR2367806A1/en active Granted
- 1977-10-14 DK DK458777A patent/DK458777A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-10-14 NL NL7711324A patent/NL7711324A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-10-15 JP JP12397877A patent/JPS5350230A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR7706855A (en) | 1978-07-04 |
| US4158572A (en) | 1979-06-19 |
| DK458777A (en) | 1978-04-16 |
| IT1113646B (en) | 1986-01-20 |
| GB1544991A (en) | 1979-04-25 |
| JPS5350230A (en) | 1978-05-08 |
| DE2745893A1 (en) | 1978-04-20 |
| CH629242A5 (en) | 1982-04-15 |
| FR2367806B1 (en) | 1979-05-11 |
| FR2367806A1 (en) | 1978-05-12 |
| NL7711324A (en) | 1978-04-18 |
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