CA1085903A

CA1085903A - Method and apparatus for adjusting the velocity of ink drops in an ink jet printer

Info

Publication number: CA1085903A
Application number: CA287,431A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Robert W. Arnold; Thomas Tomasky
Original assignee: International Business Machines Corp
Current assignee: International Business Machines Corp
Priority date: 1976-11-11
Filing date: 1977-09-26
Publication date: 1980-09-16
Also published as: US4045770A; FR2370522A1; JPS5829742B2; IT1115733B; GB1577156A; FR2370522B1; JPS5362526A

Abstract

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING THE
VELOCITY OF INK DROPS IN AN
INK JET PRINTER
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A servo system for adjusting the velocity of ink drops in a magnetic ink jet printer has a coarse control loop for making coarse increment adjustments to the pump which supplies ink under pressure to a nozzle and a fine control loop for making fine increment adjustments to the pressure of said pump. The velocity of the drops is determined by a pair of drop sensors located one drop wavelength apart at a fixed distance from the drop generation point. The direc-tion of any phase error between pairs of drops is used to generate direction control signals applied to the coarse control loop until a reversal in phase error occurs. A
toggle control allows the coarse control loop to make coarse adjustments in pump pressure around a null point velocity before switching direction control signals to the fine control loop.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Application of D.F. Jensen, J.C. Tamulis, T. Tomasky and J.L. Zable, for a Method and Apparatus for Controlling the Velocity of Ink Drops in an Ink Jet Printer, Serial No.
287,943, filed October 3, 1977.
: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention This invention relates to ink jet printing and 1. 1 ',' . :. , , ~, - -` 1085903 1 particuLarly to a method al~d ap~aratu~ for control-

2 ling the velocity of ink drops in an ink jet printer.

3 Description of the Prior Art

4 In ink jet printers of one well-known type, drops of a field-controllable ink are formed and 6 propelled from a nozzle toward a print medium. Ink 7 is supplied to the nozzle under pressure sufficient 8 to cause the ink to issue from the nozzle as a con-9 tinuous stream. A drop generator such as a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive vibrator attached 11 to the nozzle or other means located adjacent the 12 continuous portion of the stream generates perturba-13 tions in the stream to cause it to break into , 14 individual drops of substantially uniform size and 1 15 spacing. Field control devices located in the 16 vicinity of the stream are regulated in accordance ~ -17 with the data signals to cause individual drops to 18 be dispersed onto the print medium in the form of 19 the desired data pattern. To insure proper place-ment of the drops it is important that the velocity 21 of the drops be maintained as constant as possible.
22 The need for maintaining the velocity of the 23 ink drops substantially constant to insure good 2~ print quality is well-recognized in the art. A
discussion of prior art is contained in the above-26 mention-ed cross-reference related application. In 27 the related application an invention is described 28 and claimed which is directed to a method for making 29 a coarse correction in the velocity of the ink drops when a gross velocity error exists. The invention 31 of the related application basically utilizes a .. . _ . . . ~ .

1~85903 1 change in the drop generation frequency to detect 2 presence of a gross velocity error and then making 3 a coarse correction followed by generating drops 4 at the printing frequency and making a fine velocity

5 correction in the event a further velocity error

6 exists. In certain applications of ink jet printers

7 it may not be practical to alter the drop generation

8 frequency to determine if a gross velocity error

9 exists. The present invention is directed to a method for making velocity corrections where a gross 11 velocity error can exist but which does not require a 12 change in the drop generation frequency.
13 SUMM~RY OF T~E INVENTION
14 It is a general object of this invention to provide an improved ink jet printer.
16 It is a further object of this invention to 17 provide an improved method and apparatus for control-18 ling the velocity of ink drops in an ink jet printer.
19 It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for an ink 21 jet printer, which is capable of correcting rela-22 tively large errors in the velocity of ink drops.
23 It is a more specific object of this invention 24 to achieve the preceding objects without requiring changes in the frequency of drop generation.
26 It is a still further object of this invention 27 to achieve the preceding objects with a minimum of 28 operating steps and control means.
29 Broadly, the above, as well as other objects, are achieved in accardance with this invention by deter-31 mining the direction of a velocity error in the ~ ~

, I jet stream and then making a succession of coarse 2 incremental corrections to the pump pressure until ; 3 a change in the direction of the velocity error is 4 detected. Thereafter, a fine correction operation is performed in the direction opposite to the 1 6 direction of the initial correction to achieve an ; 7 adjustment of the jet stream velocity to the 8 desired level. In the preferred embodiment, the 9 correction scheme uses toggling about a null point with a plurality of directional changes using a 11 succession of coarse corrections in opposite direc-12 tions before switching to the fine velocity correc-13 tion. The system is then switched to correction 14 with one or more fine increments.
In this manner it is possible to correct for 16 gross velocity errors in an ink jet stream with a 17 minimum of operations and in a relatively short 18 period of time with a relatively simple control at a 19 single desired drop generating frequency.
, 20 The foregoing and other objects, features and 21 advantages of the invention will be apparent from the 22 following more particular description of a preferred 23 embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in the 24 accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
26 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ink jet 27 printer with associated controls used to regulate 28 the velocity of ink drops in accordance with this 29 invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates waveforms used to perform 31 velocity correction in accordance with this invention;

.

1 and 2 FIGS. 3 and 4 are a sinyle schematic logic diagram 3 illustrating an embodiment to a specific control 4 arrangement for practicing the invention.
DETAIL~D DESCRIPTION OF TIIE INV~NTION
6 As seen in FIG. 1, a magnetic ink jet printer 7 system comprises a nozzle 10 through which a stream 8 of field controllable ink 11 such as a ferromagnetic 9 ink is ejected under pressure from a pump 13 connected to an ink reservoir 12. Drops 14 are formed in the 11 ink stream by an excitor 15 which may be a magneto-12 strictive element connected to the nozzle causing it 13 to vibrate at a predetermined frequency established 14 by clock 16a to produce perturbations in the ink stream whereby drops are caused to be formed at a 16 fixed point in the trajectory of the stream as the 17 drops move toward a print medium 19. Drops not 18 used for printing are deflected from the initial 19 stream trajectory by a magnetic selector 17 into a gutter 18 located in advance of the print medium 19.
21 A data pulse source 20 applies a pattern of electric 22 pulses to magnetic selector 17 in timed relation 23 with the flight of the ink drops 14. A raster 24 scan signal is applied by raster scan generator 21 to a magnetic deflector 22, which causes the ink 26 drops to be dispersed in an orthogonal direction 27 to become deposited onto paper 19 in a data pattern.
28 The printer system thus far described is well-29 known in the art. Further details of construction ~ -and operation of such a system may be more fully 31 understood by reference to U. S. Patent No. 3,959,797, , 1 issued May 25, 1976, to D. F. Jensen. Magnetostric-2 tive devices and their method of operation are 3 also well-known in the art for generating drops.
4 One such device is described in a publication of C. P. Eller et al in the IsM Technical Disclosure 6 sulletin for September 1976, Vol. 19, No. 4, at 7 pages 1201 and 1202.
8 As previously described, the velocity of the 9 ink drops 14 as they move toward print medium 19 is controlled by regulating the pump 13, utilizing 11 a coarse/fine pump control 23 operated by timing 12 pulses from clocks 16 and 16a, as well as velocity 13 detection pulses generated by drop detectors 24 ~ 14 and 25, which are located in proximity to the i 15 trajectory of ink drops 14 at a fixed position in 16 advance of drop selector 17.
17 Various types of ink drop detectors may be 18 utilized. A preferred form of drop detector is 19 described in the publication of G. F. Fan, pub-lished in the IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 21 Vol. 16, No. 3, August 1973, at page 880. As 22 described in that publication, the detectors 24 23 and 25 are optical drop sensors which utilize an 24 optical fiber for projecting separate light beams across the jet stream toward light sensitive 26 semiconductor elements on the opposite side of the 27 drop stream. The light beams of the drop detectors 28 24 and 25 are interrupted by the presence of an 29 ink drop causing an electrical signal to be gener-ated by each of the semiconductor devices to the 31 coarse/fine pump control 23. Further details of :

.
. i 1 the operation of the drop detectors may ~e obtained 2 by reference to the Fan publication.
3 In the preferred embodiment of this invention, 4 the direction of a velocity error is determined by 5 measuring the phase between adjacent drops 14. This 6 is achieved by spacing the drop detectors 24 and 25 7 a distance corresponding to one drop wavelength, 8 when the stream is at the ideal velocity and printing 9 frequency of drop generation by clock 16a and by

10 locating the drop detectors 24 and 25 at a known

11 distance from the point of drop formation and from

12 the selector 17. For example, if drop detector 24

13 is located a distance of 10 drop wavelengths from

14 the drop formation point and drop detector 25 is

15 located 10 drop wavelengths from selector 17, the

16 position of a drop relative to selector 17 is

17 known within 1.0 percent. If a phase error

18 greater than .5 percent is noted between detectors

19 24 and 25, then velocity can be adjusted in the ~;

20 proper direction to bring the spacing between ; 21 drops 14 to the correct value. For example, if a 22 10 percent velocity error exists over a distance 23 of 10 wavelengths, the drop count would be greater 24 or lesser by one full drop. An extra drop would 25 correspond to a fu11 360 in phase and would not 26 detect it and the system would be locked on a drop f 27 count which is off by 10 percent. When detectors 28 24 and 25 are spaced one wavelength, and the 29 velocity decreases as much as 50 percent, there are 30 3 drops in the distance of orle drop wavelength.
31 The method of detecting a phase variance or velocity ~N975006 -7-. , , ~ .

-` ~V8S903 1 error of this magnitude is to vary the stream 2 velocity in 2 sensing cycles. The first cycle is 3 to sense the variance and make coarse adjustments 4 in the velocity so as to get a variance of less ; 5 than 10 percent of the desired value followed by ; 6 making one or more fine adjustments to obtain the 7 1 percent accuracy at the selector. As previously 8 discussed, the method of this invention involves 9 the performance of a succession of incremental coarse adjustments in a first direction until a 11 change in direction of phase is detected and then 12 performing one or more coarse adjustments to 13 toggle about a null velocity point before switch-14 ing to a fine adjust to make a final adjustment at lS the null point.
16 A preferred embodiment of a control system 17 for accomplishing this is seen in FIG. 3, wherein 18 a flip-flop 26 is driven by the electric pulses 19 from drop detectors 24 and 25. Flip-flop 26 is set up so that detector 24 flips it plus and

21 detector 25 flips it negative. Therefore, the

22 output waveforms 70, 71 and 72 (see FIG. 2) from

23 flip-flop 26 represent the phase indication of the

24 ink drops 14 relative to the detectors 24 and 25.
The waveforms 71 and 72 of FIG. 2 illustrate two 26 types of phase errors which could exist for velocity 27 errors of ~ 25 percent (1/4 ~) while waveform 70 28 shows no velocity error. In order to measure the 29 phase error of the waveforms 70, 71 and 72 within the accuracy of .5 percent as previously described, 31 it is necessary that the phase error time interval -` 108S903 1 (w) be subdivided into one part out o~ 200, i.e.
2 1/200 = .005 = .5 percent. For a typical drop 3 generation rate of 25 KHz applied to excitor 15 by 4 clock 16a, derived by counting down from 5 MHz (clock 16), a 5 MHz pulse rate is applied by clock 6 16 through AND gate 28 to drive a phase error 7 counter 29. Pulses from clock 16 are gated through 8 AND circuit 28 to drive phase error counter 29 9 during the time interval (W) of the output pulse of flip-flop 26 and the tirne interval of every 11 other output pulse of flip-flop 26 pass through 12 the dividc by 2 circuit 27. Thc divide by 2 13 circuit 27 is used to check the phase error of 14 every other pair of drops. This is done to allow ~-15 time for resetting the counters after each test 16 sample. At the 5 MHz pulse rate, 200 counts of 17 clock 16 corresponds to one wavelength of time. V
18 Therefore, + 50 counts corresponds to 1/4 wave-19 length which is the full count condition of 20 counter 29. Therefore, if the phase error has a -21 count less than 50 (waveform 71 or 70b of FIG. 2) 22 then the drop separation is less than 1 wavelength 23 and velocity must be increased. If the count in 24 counter 29 equals 50, (~ error in 70a or 72) the

25 velocity must be decreased since the separation

26 between drops as determined by the time pulse of --

27 flip-flop 26 is greater than 1 wavelength. Note

28 that counter 29 denotes the direction in which

29 velocity must be changed. The magnitude of the

30 correction is not determined, since pump 13 is

31 non-linear. Pump 13 therefore is, in accordance ~N975006 -9-"- ~ .

1 with this arrangement, operated only in fixed 2 coarse increments of adjustment in the desired 3 direction opposite the direction of the error as 4 signified by the count condtion of counter 29.
When counter 29 reaches the nth count condi-6 tion, triyger 30 is reset. The pulse from delay 7 circuit 31 gates the output of trigger 30 to AND
8 gates 32 and 33. If counter 29 is less than full 9 N count, e.g. less than 50, trigger 30 is not reset, the Q output remains up and a phase error 11 pulse is gated to 4-bit counter 34, indicating an 12 error in the plus direction. This error indica-13 tion is stored in comparator 36. If counter 29 at 14 sample time has a full count, indicating an error in the minus direction, trigger 30 is switched 16 causing the Q output to change from down to up and 17 a phase error pulse is gated by pulse from delay 18 circuit 31 through AND circuit 32 through the 4-19 bit counter 35 to be stored in comparator 36. The outputs of AND gates 34, 35 are also co~nected 21 through OR gate 37 to a sample counter 38. At the 22 end of a predetermined number of samples te.g. 10) 23 which provides a velocity error which over a sub-24 stantial portion of the stream counter 38 initiates a readout pulse through AND circuit 39 and delay 26 circuit 40, whose output is connected to AND gates 27 41, 42 and 43. The pulse from delay circuit 40 28 gates the velocity error direction information 29 stored in comparator 36 to coarse or fine correc-tion loops. The coarse correction loop comprises 31 up/down coarse counter 51 and D/A converter 52.

.

... . . . . ... ..... .. ~

1 lrhe fine correction loop comprises up/down fine 2 counter 57 and D/A converter 58. A single shot 54 3 connected to an external source is used to preload 4 a count condition in the coarse counter 51 and fine counter 57. The preloading count may, if 6 desired, be set to a level which causes D/A con-7 verter 52 to operate the pump driver 53 to cause 8 the pressure from pump 13 to adjust the velocity ; 9 of the jet stream to a high velocity error condition 10 to assure that no more than two drops exist between :
11 detectors 24 and 25.
12 For each count change of counter 51, D/A
13 converter 52 operates to apply a coarse voltage 14 increment adjustment to pump driver 53. For each : 15 count change of fine counter 57, D/A converter 58 ~:~
: .
16 applies a smaller or fine voltage increment adjustment 17 to pump driver 53.
18 A first output of comparator 36 for indicating 19 a high velocity condition (A>B) is connected through AND gate 41, inverter 45, coarse loop AND gate 47, and 21 OR gate 50 to the DOWN side of coarse counter 51.
22 The first output of comparator 36 is also connected 23 through AND/INVERT gate 55 to the DOWN side of fine 24 counter 57. A second output of comparator 36 for indicating a low velocity condition (A<B) is con-26 nected through AND gate 42, inverter 46,-coarse loop 27 AND gate 48, OR gate 49 to the UP side of coarse 28 counter 51. The second output of comparator 36 is 29 also connected to the fine loop control via AND/
INVERT gate 56 to the UP side of fine counter 57.
31 A third output of comparator 36 for indicating ~08S903 no vek~city error is connected through AND ~3ate 43, 2 OR gate 61, inverter 62 to the set terminal of latch 3 63 having outputs GO TO FINE and GO TO COARSE, 4 respectively, which provide feedback pulses to con-5 nect the velocity error detection means to the 6 coarse and fine loops, respectively.
7 As previously stated, the coarse loop is operated 8 to apply one or more coarse increment, voltage adjust-9 ments through pump drive circuit 53 to pump 13 until 10 a direction change in the velocity error is detected 11 by phase counter 29, phase trigger 30 and comparator 12 36. ~ toggle control, which causes the coarse 13 loop to togglé about a null velocity condition 14 comprises a flip-flop 59 driven by pulses from AND
15 gates 47 a.nd 48, which apply direction pulses from 16 the comparator 36 to up/down coarse counter 51.
17 Each time a reversal in the direction of the V
18 velocity error is detected by comparator 36 and 19 applied to coarse counter 51, flip-flip 59 is 20 operated to store a count in toggle counter 60.
21 When toggle counter 60 reaches a full count condi-22 tion indicating that the coarse velocity correction 23 loop has toggled a plurality of times about a null 24 condition, a signal is applied through OR gate 61, 25 inverter 62, which sets latch 63 to change the 26 output signal from GO TO COARSE to GO TO FINE. A
27 feedback pulse is applied through delay circuit 28 65, single shot 66 and OR gate 67 to reset toggle 29 counter 60. I'he GO TO FINE signal from latch 63 30 is applied to fine loop control through AND/INVERT
31 circuits 55 and 56. When the GO TO FINE signal is 1 generate~, detector 2S is no lon~lcr used for fine 2 control. The detector 24 located at the distance 3 of 10 A, for example, from the fixed breakoff 4 point, now stores velocity error correction signals in comparator 36 which are gated from AND
6 gates 41 and 42 by a pulse from delay circuit 40 7 through AND/INVERT circuits 55 and 56 to cause ~ -8 fine counter 57 to be stepped up or down so as to 9 operate D/A converter 58 to apply fine increments -10 of voltage adjustment to the pump driver 53. If ;-11 the fine counter 57 exceeds its range via a prede- ~

12 termined count level after a number of iterations ~ ; -13 of the sampling technique and adjustments to the -~
14 pressure pump 13, a decode 0 or decode 63 signal is generated through AND gates 68 or 69 to reset 16 latch 63 changing the velocity control back to 17 coarse fro~ fine. Thus, should any change occur 18 in the velocity of the drop stream which exceeds a 19 predetermined gross amount of error, the fine 20 control loop detects this change and indicates to ~ -21 the velocity control system that a coarse error 22 exists and shifts into the coarse eorrection mode.
23 At this point in the cycle of operation a coarse 24 correction operation takes place until the toggling action is obtained and the system reswitches to 26 fine control, as previously discussed.
27 While the system has been described in terms 28 of a specific percentage of error correction and a 29 specific setting for the counters and specific distances for the spacing of the drop detectors 31 relative to each other and to the drop point in . , ' , :

~08S903 1 selector, it should ~e readily apparent to persons 2 skilled in the art that other parameters may be 3 selected depending on the desired range of the 4 system and the nature of the ink jet stream operating elements.
6 While the invention has been particularly shown 7 and described with reference to a preferred embodi-8 ment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled 9 in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the 11 spirit and scope of the invention.

(;

..

Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. In an ink jet printing apparatus, the combination comprising jet forming means for projecting a continuous stream of ink drops along a path toward a print medium, pump means connected to said jet stream forming means for supplying a liquid ink under pressure to said jet forming means, and control means for adjusting the velocity of said ink drops including, means for determining the direction of any velocity error in said stream, and means for correcting any velocity error determined by said error detection determining means including, means for making coarse incremental adjustments in said pump pressure in the sense opposite to said velocity error until a first reversal in the direction of said velocity error occurs, means for causing said coarse adjustment means to toggle about a null point velocity of said stream, and means operative after a predetermined number of toggling operations of said coarse adjustment means for making one or more incremental fine adjustments in said pump pressure whereby said velocity is set at substantially said null point.

2. In an ink jet printing apparatus, the combination comprising jet forming means for projecting a continuous stream of ink drops along a path toward a print medium, pump means connected to said jet stream forming means for supplying a liquid ink under pressure to said jet forming means, a method for controlling the velocity of said ink drops comprising determining the existence and direction of any velocity error in said ink drops, effecting one or more coarse adjustments in a first direction in the pressure of said pump until a change in the direction of any velocity error occurs, then effecting a predetermined number of consecutive coarse correction reversals in the pump pressure to produce toggling of any velocity error about a null point velocity condition, then effecting one or more fine adjustments in the pressure of said pump to said null point velocity condition after completion of said predetermined number of coarse correction reversals.

3. In an ink jet printing apparatus, the combination in accordance with claim 1 in which, said means for determining the direction of any velocity error includes, means for producing phase signals representative of the phase between successive ink drops,

Claim 3 - continued means for converting said phase signals to direction control signals representing the direction of any velocity error, and said means for correcting any velocity error comprises, means responsive to said direction control signals for causing said coarse incremental adjustments to said pump pressure and said means for causing said coarse adjustment means to toggle about said null point comprises means responsive to a prede-termined number of consecutive reversals in said direction control signals.

4. In an ink jet printing apparatus, the combination in accordance with claim 3 in which, said means for producing said phase signals includes a pair of drop sensors for detecting the position of individual ink drops in said stream, said drop sensors being separated along said stream a distance equal to one drop wavelength at said null point velocity, said drop sensors being operable for generating sense pulses upon the alignment of individual drops with said sensors, means for converting said sense pulses to a time variable pulse representing said phase between successive ink drops.

5. In an ink jet printing apparatus, the combination in accordance with claim 4 in which, said means for producing said phase signals further comprises, means for activating said pair of drop sensors for checking the phase error every other pair of consecutive ink drops.

6. In an ink jet printing apparatus, the combination in accordance with claim 5 in which said means for determining the direction of any error in the phase of said drops further comprises means for measuring the width of said time variable phase pulse, and means for generating a direction signal resulting from said measurement of said phase pulse.

7. In an ink jet printing apparatus in accordance with claim 6 in which said means for measuring the width of said phase pulse further comprises timing means operable for generating a stream of timed pulses at a frequency proportional to the time interval of said time variable phase pulse at said null velocity counter means having a predetermined full count condition corresponding to a velocity error, means operable for gating pulses from said timing means to said counter during the time duration of said phase pulse,

Claim 7 - continued and means for producing a direction control signal dependent on the count condition of said counter means at the end of said phase pulse.

8. In an ink jet printing apparatus, the combination in accordance with claim 7, in which said means for generating said direction control signals further comprises, means for storing plural count condition signals from said counter means corresponding to plural samples of pairs of ink drops, means for making a comparison of said count condition signals and generating a direction control signal representing the result of said comparison.

9. In an ink jet printing apparatus, the combination in accordance with claim 7, in which said means for making coarse increment adjust-ments comprises a coarse control loop connected to receive said direction control signals, said means for making fine increment adjust-ments comprises a fine control loop connected to receive said direction control signals, and said toggle means comprises control means for gating direction control signals from said coarse loop to said fine loop.

10. In an ink jet printing apparatus, the combination in accordance with claim 9, in which said coarse control loop further comprises a coarse control counter means operable by said direction control signals, and means for converting the count condition of said coarse control counter to a coarse increment adjustment signal for operating said pump.

11. In an ink jet printing apparatus, the combination in accordance with claim 10, in which said control counter means is an up/down digital counter operable said direction control signal, and said converting means is a digital-to-analog converter means operable for converting the count condition of said digital counter to up/down coarse increment adjustment signals.

12. In an ink jet printing apparatus, the combination in accordance with claim 10, in which said coarse control loop further comprises means connected for selectively loading said coarse control counter to a predetermined high velocity error count condition upon the beginning of a velocity adjustment test.