CA1084473A - Roll of web material - Google Patents
Roll of web materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1084473A CA1084473A CA278,702A CA278702A CA1084473A CA 1084473 A CA1084473 A CA 1084473A CA 278702 A CA278702 A CA 278702A CA 1084473 A CA1084473 A CA 1084473A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- core
- web material
- roll
- fixing agent
- turns
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H18/00—Winding webs
- B65H18/28—Wound package of webs
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A roll of web material such as paper, plastic film cloth or the like is described, the material being rolled onto a core in the interior of the roll. Said core is made in one piece with the material rolled onto the same, and consists of a number of turns of said material which are fixed in relation to each other, for example by gluing or the like.
A roll of web material such as paper, plastic film cloth or the like is described, the material being rolled onto a core in the interior of the roll. Said core is made in one piece with the material rolled onto the same, and consists of a number of turns of said material which are fixed in relation to each other, for example by gluing or the like.
Description
~084473 The present invention relates to a roll of web material, for example paper, plastic film, cloth or the like, which is rolled onto a core in the interior of the roll.
Known cores, onto which web materials are rolled, are prefabricated and generally consist of cylinders of glued paper or glued cardboard, but there are also other types of cores.
For example in a number of rolls two cardboard rings or two wooden plugs in the shape of a conic frustrum with center holes, are used. These rings or plugs are placed at both ends of the rolls, to assure , as do the glued cardboard and paper cylinders, that the rolls are correctly rolled and have the correct shape, but they are also a sort of hub in the rolls when the web material is rolled off from its outer circumference. With the type of roll in which the web material is taken off centrally, however, i.e. through the center hole of the roll, the cores, usually in the form of cardboard rings, must be removed before the free web ends in the centeT hole of the rolls can be taken out and the rolling off from the inner circumference of the rolls can begin. Rolls from which the web material can be taken off centrally are of course known even completely without a core, but rolls of this type have proved quite susceptible to collapse, and have therefore been used less and less, especially since collapse involves a complete blocking of the center hole so that the free web end in the same is held fast and cannot be pulled our or even found in some cases. Solid rol cores are also known. These can have a wide variety of forms. Some take the form of wooden dowels and others take the form of extended discs of varying thicknesses. Common to the solid cores is that :
-, ~ , ~0~4~73 fact that they cannot be used for rolls from which the web material is to be rolled off centrally. They are generally much too difficult to remove from the rolls as a result of the great friction against the web material. This friction makes axial extraction of cores from the rolls practically impossible. ~'~
Even if the use of the known prefabricated roll cores always pro-duces stable rolls which do not collapse, these two advantages do not out-weigh the disadvantages of these cores. Prefabricated cores, whether they ~ :
are hollow or solid, have tubular cylindrical or annular shape, or are in the form of dowels, discs or plugs, are relatively expensive, at the same time as they as a rule always require storage space as well as manual handling in application. This makes their use additionally expensive. In addition to this, as was stated previously, they are not suitable for use in rolls which are to be rolled off through the center hole of the roll.
The purpose of the invention is to remove the disadvantages involved in the known prefabricated roll cores, and to produce a new type of roll, in which the use of an expensive prefabricated core requiring space and handling is not required.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a cylindrical roll of web material having a central opening and forming a supply of said web material and a cylindrical core in the central opening of said roll having a stiffness sufficient to support said roll against axial and radial collapse, characterized in that: the core comprises a plurality of turns of said web material and a fixing agent distributed over at least one surface of the web material forming the core so as to fix said core wind-ings into a substantially rigid core; the web material forming the core is an integral continuation of the web material forming the roll; and the fixing agent has a bonding strength less than the strength of the web material, whereby the turns of mzterial in the core can be unwound together with the material of the cylindrical roll for use in the same manner, while leaving no residual core.
~ - 2 -D
,. . , . -, .. , . --- - . .... . .. ... . . .
~ . . . . . .
10~473 According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of forming a cylindrical roll of web material wound on a central, substantially rigid core, said method comprising: winding a first plurality of turns of said web material onto a spindle; applying a fixing agent having a strength less than that of the web material to at least one surface of the web material forming the first plurality of turns, before it is so wound, so as to form a substantially rigid core from the fixed and wound turns; continuing to wind the web material onto the spindle to form said roll; and retracting said spindle from said core.
- 2a -D
. . . . ~ . . .. .. .
, . . ~. ~ . .. . ~ . . . .
lC)B44'73 ~
In a roll of this type, the use of a prefabricated core is completely eliminated. Since a core constructed in one piece with the roll material is made during the first stage of the rolling operation of the roll itself, this eliminates all of the space and handling requirements of the known prefabricated cores.
The turns of material in the core can be unrolled from either the outer or the inner circumference of the core, together with the material rolled onto the core. Consequently, lQ the roll is not limited, as are the known rolls, to one or the other type of unrolling. Instead it is equally suited to rolling off peripherally and centrally.
The fact that the material in the core can be used in ~
the same manner as the rest of the material in the roll means -direct savings as compared with the use of the known roll cores, which as a rule are thrown away after use, since reuse is not economically justifiable.
In an especially suitable embodiment for a roll according to the invention the core is tubular. To facilitate 2Q central unrolling of the web material, a core of this type can haYe a free end of the web material inside said core. This free end is intended to serve as an easily grasped gripping end for rolling off.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of a suitable embodiment.
~ olls of web material consisting of creped paper are to be B - -~ 4473 produced with a so-called open center hole. The paper is to be rolled onto a core in the interior of the TOll. According to the invention this core is to be made in one piece with the material rolled onto the same and consists a number of turns of the material, and these turns are fixed in relation to one another. For this purpose the beginning end of the creped paper web is laid as usual around a known rolling spindle, preferably expandable, which is allowed to rotate while a number of the first innermost turns are fixed in relation to one another, during the formation of the roll, with water to form a roll core, or with a mixture of water and a binder, for example ~ .
starch, CMC, PVA or another water-soluble binder in concentrations between 0,05-2~ depending of the desired binding effect.
lS If the binding or fixing agent is only water, the amount should be kept so low that the paper web is not wetted through.
Preferably the binding or fixing agent should be applied to that side of the web which is not in direct contact with the rolling spindle, and if the fixing agent is a binding agent mixed with water the viscosity should be kept so low that a good and even distribution is obtained.
The application of the fixing agent can be done in many different ways, e~g. by spraying or spreading on the web or by means of a press, glue press or other mechanical device, which produces a suitable distribution on and in the web. With such an application of the fixing agent, the amount of agent can be regulated so that the paper in the core of the roll remains practically unaffected as to usability, and the whole roll , -- . , .
-4- : ~
. ... . ~ . ~ .. .. . . ,, , :.
~ 4473 ~:
including the core is usable. -In the event that a core is desired in the form of a really ~
hard and stiff tubular sleeve, the amount of fixing agent can ~;
be increased, or one can use a water-free fixing agent or a type of wax or glue, hot melt for example, to achieve the same effect. It is of course also possible to retain the original ~ -fixing agent and instead increase the number of wraps or turns in the core. ;
By choosing a more powerful binding agent, such as glue, and increasing the number of turns of the paper solid and stiff cores or cylinders can be obtained.
In practical tests with starch as a fixing agent for webs of creped paper, good results were achieved without the innermost layers of paper which form the core of the roll, being directly glued together.
Possibly heating or cooling can also be included in the operations in the making of the roll core.
In the making of rolls of other web material binding agents are selected for fixing their cores from case to case, which produce a suitable strength in combination with the web material in question to form a functional core in the rolls.
The invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. Rather it can be modified in many ways within the scope of the claims.
_ 5_ - . ' . . .~ ~. . - . ~
Known cores, onto which web materials are rolled, are prefabricated and generally consist of cylinders of glued paper or glued cardboard, but there are also other types of cores.
For example in a number of rolls two cardboard rings or two wooden plugs in the shape of a conic frustrum with center holes, are used. These rings or plugs are placed at both ends of the rolls, to assure , as do the glued cardboard and paper cylinders, that the rolls are correctly rolled and have the correct shape, but they are also a sort of hub in the rolls when the web material is rolled off from its outer circumference. With the type of roll in which the web material is taken off centrally, however, i.e. through the center hole of the roll, the cores, usually in the form of cardboard rings, must be removed before the free web ends in the centeT hole of the rolls can be taken out and the rolling off from the inner circumference of the rolls can begin. Rolls from which the web material can be taken off centrally are of course known even completely without a core, but rolls of this type have proved quite susceptible to collapse, and have therefore been used less and less, especially since collapse involves a complete blocking of the center hole so that the free web end in the same is held fast and cannot be pulled our or even found in some cases. Solid rol cores are also known. These can have a wide variety of forms. Some take the form of wooden dowels and others take the form of extended discs of varying thicknesses. Common to the solid cores is that :
-, ~ , ~0~4~73 fact that they cannot be used for rolls from which the web material is to be rolled off centrally. They are generally much too difficult to remove from the rolls as a result of the great friction against the web material. This friction makes axial extraction of cores from the rolls practically impossible. ~'~
Even if the use of the known prefabricated roll cores always pro-duces stable rolls which do not collapse, these two advantages do not out-weigh the disadvantages of these cores. Prefabricated cores, whether they ~ :
are hollow or solid, have tubular cylindrical or annular shape, or are in the form of dowels, discs or plugs, are relatively expensive, at the same time as they as a rule always require storage space as well as manual handling in application. This makes their use additionally expensive. In addition to this, as was stated previously, they are not suitable for use in rolls which are to be rolled off through the center hole of the roll.
The purpose of the invention is to remove the disadvantages involved in the known prefabricated roll cores, and to produce a new type of roll, in which the use of an expensive prefabricated core requiring space and handling is not required.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a cylindrical roll of web material having a central opening and forming a supply of said web material and a cylindrical core in the central opening of said roll having a stiffness sufficient to support said roll against axial and radial collapse, characterized in that: the core comprises a plurality of turns of said web material and a fixing agent distributed over at least one surface of the web material forming the core so as to fix said core wind-ings into a substantially rigid core; the web material forming the core is an integral continuation of the web material forming the roll; and the fixing agent has a bonding strength less than the strength of the web material, whereby the turns of mzterial in the core can be unwound together with the material of the cylindrical roll for use in the same manner, while leaving no residual core.
~ - 2 -D
,. . , . -, .. , . --- - . .... . .. ... . . .
~ . . . . . .
10~473 According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of forming a cylindrical roll of web material wound on a central, substantially rigid core, said method comprising: winding a first plurality of turns of said web material onto a spindle; applying a fixing agent having a strength less than that of the web material to at least one surface of the web material forming the first plurality of turns, before it is so wound, so as to form a substantially rigid core from the fixed and wound turns; continuing to wind the web material onto the spindle to form said roll; and retracting said spindle from said core.
- 2a -D
. . . . ~ . . .. .. .
, . . ~. ~ . .. . ~ . . . .
lC)B44'73 ~
In a roll of this type, the use of a prefabricated core is completely eliminated. Since a core constructed in one piece with the roll material is made during the first stage of the rolling operation of the roll itself, this eliminates all of the space and handling requirements of the known prefabricated cores.
The turns of material in the core can be unrolled from either the outer or the inner circumference of the core, together with the material rolled onto the core. Consequently, lQ the roll is not limited, as are the known rolls, to one or the other type of unrolling. Instead it is equally suited to rolling off peripherally and centrally.
The fact that the material in the core can be used in ~
the same manner as the rest of the material in the roll means -direct savings as compared with the use of the known roll cores, which as a rule are thrown away after use, since reuse is not economically justifiable.
In an especially suitable embodiment for a roll according to the invention the core is tubular. To facilitate 2Q central unrolling of the web material, a core of this type can haYe a free end of the web material inside said core. This free end is intended to serve as an easily grasped gripping end for rolling off.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of a suitable embodiment.
~ olls of web material consisting of creped paper are to be B - -~ 4473 produced with a so-called open center hole. The paper is to be rolled onto a core in the interior of the TOll. According to the invention this core is to be made in one piece with the material rolled onto the same and consists a number of turns of the material, and these turns are fixed in relation to one another. For this purpose the beginning end of the creped paper web is laid as usual around a known rolling spindle, preferably expandable, which is allowed to rotate while a number of the first innermost turns are fixed in relation to one another, during the formation of the roll, with water to form a roll core, or with a mixture of water and a binder, for example ~ .
starch, CMC, PVA or another water-soluble binder in concentrations between 0,05-2~ depending of the desired binding effect.
lS If the binding or fixing agent is only water, the amount should be kept so low that the paper web is not wetted through.
Preferably the binding or fixing agent should be applied to that side of the web which is not in direct contact with the rolling spindle, and if the fixing agent is a binding agent mixed with water the viscosity should be kept so low that a good and even distribution is obtained.
The application of the fixing agent can be done in many different ways, e~g. by spraying or spreading on the web or by means of a press, glue press or other mechanical device, which produces a suitable distribution on and in the web. With such an application of the fixing agent, the amount of agent can be regulated so that the paper in the core of the roll remains practically unaffected as to usability, and the whole roll , -- . , .
-4- : ~
. ... . ~ . ~ .. .. . . ,, , :.
~ 4473 ~:
including the core is usable. -In the event that a core is desired in the form of a really ~
hard and stiff tubular sleeve, the amount of fixing agent can ~;
be increased, or one can use a water-free fixing agent or a type of wax or glue, hot melt for example, to achieve the same effect. It is of course also possible to retain the original ~ -fixing agent and instead increase the number of wraps or turns in the core. ;
By choosing a more powerful binding agent, such as glue, and increasing the number of turns of the paper solid and stiff cores or cylinders can be obtained.
In practical tests with starch as a fixing agent for webs of creped paper, good results were achieved without the innermost layers of paper which form the core of the roll, being directly glued together.
Possibly heating or cooling can also be included in the operations in the making of the roll core.
In the making of rolls of other web material binding agents are selected for fixing their cores from case to case, which produce a suitable strength in combination with the web material in question to form a functional core in the rolls.
The invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. Rather it can be modified in many ways within the scope of the claims.
_ 5_ - . ' . . .~ ~. . - . ~
Claims (15)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A cylindrical roll of web material having a central opening and forming a supply of said web material and a cylindrical core in the central opening of said roll having a stiffness sufficient to support said roll against axial and radial collapse, characterized in that:
the core comprises a plurality of turns of said web material and a fixing agent distributed over at least one surface of the web material forming the core so as to fix said core windings into a substantially rigid core;
the web material forming the core is an integral continuation of the web material forming the roll; and the fixing agent has a bonding strength less than the strength of the web material, whereby the turns of material in the core can be unwound to-gether with the material of the cylindrical roll for use in the same manner, while leaving no residual core.
the core comprises a plurality of turns of said web material and a fixing agent distributed over at least one surface of the web material forming the core so as to fix said core windings into a substantially rigid core;
the web material forming the core is an integral continuation of the web material forming the roll; and the fixing agent has a bonding strength less than the strength of the web material, whereby the turns of material in the core can be unwound to-gether with the material of the cylindrical roll for use in the same manner, while leaving no residual core.
2. The product defined in claim 1 wherein said web is paper and said fixing agent is a mixture of water and a water soluble binder.
3. The product defined in claim 2 wherein said binder is selected from the group comprising a starch, CMC and PVA.
4. The product defined in claim 2 or 3 wherein the binder is present in concentrations between 0.5 and 2%.
5. The product defined in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the fixing agent is applied to an outer side of the web material so as to avoid direct contact with a spindle on which the core is formed.
6. The product of claim 1 wherein the fixing agent is a water-free agent.
7. A roll according to claim 1, in which the turns of material in the core can be unrolled from the inner circumference of the core together with the material rolled onto the core.
8. A roll according to claim 7, in which the core is tubular and has a free end inside the same, said free end being of the same material as the roll.
9. A method of forming a cylindrical roll of web material wound on a central, substantially rigid core, said method comprising:
winding a first plurality of turns of said web material onto a spindle;
applying a fixing agent having a strength less than that of the web material to at least one surface of the web material forming the first plur-ality of turns, before it is so wound, so as to form a substantially rigid core from the fixed and wound turns;
continuing to wind the web material onto the spindle to form said roll;
and retracting said spindle from said core.
winding a first plurality of turns of said web material onto a spindle;
applying a fixing agent having a strength less than that of the web material to at least one surface of the web material forming the first plur-ality of turns, before it is so wound, so as to form a substantially rigid core from the fixed and wound turns;
continuing to wind the web material onto the spindle to form said roll;
and retracting said spindle from said core.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein the fixing agent is sprayed onto the web material.
11. A method according to claim 9 wherein the fixing agent is spread mechanically on the web material.
12. A method according to claim 9 wherein the fixing agent is applied to the web material by means of a press.
13. A method according to claim 9 wherein the fixing agent is applied to only that surface of the web material facing away from the spindle.
14. A method according to claim 9 wherein the fixing agent is a mixture of water and a binder.
15. A method according to claim 9 wherein the fixing agent is water-free.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7605683-7 | 1976-05-19 | ||
| SE7605683A SE399694B (en) | 1976-05-19 | 1976-05-19 | ROLL OF RAILWAY MATERIAL |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1084473A true CA1084473A (en) | 1980-08-26 |
Family
ID=20327909
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA278,702A Expired CA1084473A (en) | 1976-05-19 | 1977-05-18 | Roll of web material |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5952062B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE854783A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1084473A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2722622C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK150214C (en) |
| FI (1) | FI62035C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2351901A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1554619A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL178957C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO142780C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE399694B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6405969B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2002-06-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coreless adhesive tape winding mandrel and method |
| US6617007B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2003-09-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Tape roll liner/tab, application apparatus and method |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4297403A (en) * | 1980-02-06 | 1981-10-27 | Monarch Marking Systems, Inc. | Coreless pressure sensitive label supply roll |
| FI64114C (en) * | 1981-06-18 | 1987-07-30 | Jouko Juhani Salmela | Method of rolling up a pulp web on a core sleeve and arrangement therefor |
| US5352319A (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-10-04 | Ishizu Machinery Co., Ltd. | Process and apparatus for production of toilet paper rolls having no core |
| JP3350151B2 (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 2002-11-25 | 徳七 山崎 | Coreless paper sheet roll and method for producing the same |
| ES2133343T3 (en) * | 1992-09-25 | 1999-09-16 | Tokushichi Yamazaki | METHOD FOR FORMING A ROLL OF CORE-FREE RIBBON MATERIAL. |
| US5497959A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1996-03-12 | Paper Converting Machine Company | Coreless winding method and apparatus |
| SE502630C2 (en) * | 1993-07-05 | 1995-11-27 | Moelnlycke Ab | Ways to make a coreless roll of fiber-based web-shaped material |
| US5849357A (en) * | 1993-07-05 | 1998-12-15 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Method of producing a coreless roll of fibre-based, web-like material |
| SE505508C2 (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1997-09-08 | Moelnlycke Ab | Roll of web-shaped material, method of making such and apparatus for carrying out the method |
| SE501857C2 (en) * | 1993-11-26 | 1995-06-06 | Moelnlycke Ab | Expandable shaft and its use for winding web-shaped material, such as paper webs |
| CA2221182A1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-19 | Dee Lynn Johnson | Coreless adhesive tape winding mandrel and method |
| CA2504978A1 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2000-02-07 | Sekisui Jushi Kabushiki Kaisha | Packaging strap coil and method for producing the same, packaging strap coil unit and packaging machine equipped with strap coil reel |
| AU3703502A (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2002-11-14 | Daika Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Roll product and winding method |
| US8747721B2 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2014-06-10 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Methods, systems, and products involving sheet products |
| AU2015383547B2 (en) | 2015-02-16 | 2018-08-23 | Essity Operations France | A coreless roll and a manufacturing method |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1494346A (en) * | 1920-01-14 | 1924-05-20 | Flintkote Co | Shim-strip package |
| US2295742A (en) * | 1939-05-08 | 1942-09-15 | Clarence W Lanter | Bale |
| DE817192C (en) * | 1950-05-23 | 1951-10-15 | Hakle Papierwerke | Method for producing the shell-like opening on toilet paper rolls |
| US3150808A (en) * | 1960-12-05 | 1964-09-29 | Richard R Vensel | Dispenser for rolled paper and paper roll therefor |
-
1976
- 1976-05-19 SE SE7605683A patent/SE399694B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1977
- 1977-05-13 GB GB20199/77A patent/GB1554619A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-13 NO NO771704A patent/NO142780C/en unknown
- 1977-05-16 NL NLAANVRAGE7705389,A patent/NL178957C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-17 FI FI771568A patent/FI62035C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-18 DE DE2722622A patent/DE2722622C2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-18 CA CA278,702A patent/CA1084473A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-18 DK DK218077A patent/DK150214C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-18 BE BE177692A patent/BE854783A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-18 FR FR7715249A patent/FR2351901A1/en active Granted
- 1977-05-18 JP JP52058172A patent/JPS5952062B2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6405969B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2002-06-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coreless adhesive tape winding mandrel and method |
| US6617007B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2003-09-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Tape roll liner/tab, application apparatus and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5952062B2 (en) | 1984-12-18 |
| NL7705389A (en) | 1977-11-22 |
| NO771704L (en) | 1977-11-22 |
| NO142780B (en) | 1980-07-07 |
| FR2351901A1 (en) | 1977-12-16 |
| BE854783A (en) | 1977-11-18 |
| DK150214C (en) | 1987-12-14 |
| DE2722622C2 (en) | 1985-03-14 |
| NL178957B (en) | 1986-01-16 |
| DK150214B (en) | 1987-01-12 |
| DK218077A (en) | 1977-11-20 |
| DE2722622A1 (en) | 1977-12-08 |
| NO142780C (en) | 1980-10-15 |
| SE7605683L (en) | 1977-11-20 |
| GB1554619A (en) | 1979-10-24 |
| FI771568A (en) | 1977-11-20 |
| FI62035B (en) | 1982-07-30 |
| FI62035C (en) | 1983-05-12 |
| FR2351901B1 (en) | 1984-06-15 |
| NL178957C (en) | 1986-06-16 |
| SE399694B (en) | 1978-02-27 |
| JPS52151450A (en) | 1977-12-15 |
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