CA1068616A - Purifying an air or gas stream containing combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities - Google Patents

Purifying an air or gas stream containing combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities

Info

Publication number
CA1068616A
CA1068616A CA264,821A CA264821A CA1068616A CA 1068616 A CA1068616 A CA 1068616A CA 264821 A CA264821 A CA 264821A CA 1068616 A CA1068616 A CA 1068616A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
gas
air
adsorption
filter
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA264,821A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Karl Winter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CEAGFILTER und ENTSTAUBUNGSTECHNIK GmbH
Original Assignee
CEAGFILTER UND ENTSTAUBUNGSTECHNIK G.M.B.H.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CEAGFILTER UND ENTSTAUBUNGSTECHNIK G.M.B.H. filed Critical CEAGFILTER UND ENTSTAUBUNGSTECHNIK G.M.B.H.
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1068616A publication Critical patent/CA1068616A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106Silica or silicates
    • B01D2253/108Zeolites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40083Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40088Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating
    • B01D2259/4009Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating using hot gas

Abstract

Abstract of the Disclosure Method and apparatus for purifying an air or gas flow of combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities by passing air or gas through an adsorption filter, desorbing the filter by passing a heated inert gas, and prior to passing the hot inert gas through the adsorption filter, passing a cold protective gas through the adsorption zone thereby preventing undesired ignition of the desorbate and the burning of carbon. Provision is made for spaced closing elements at the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the adsorption chamber with introduction of protective gas in the interspace between the closing elements.

Description

~0~8~;~6 ; This invention relates to the minimi~ation of pollutants in the air, and, more particularly refers to a new and improved method and apparatus for purifying an air or gas flow of combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities or pollutants by means of adsorption filters. ~
Purifying an air or gas stream containing ' combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities by means of adsorption filters in which the air or gas stream is purified and which, after a certain loading with com-bustible impurities is reached, are desorbed by the counter-flow method by means of a hot inert gas generated by stoichio-; metric combustion of hydrocarbons, and the desorbate carried away by the inert gas burned with added air or : :
. oxygen~ as well as apparatus suited for the implementation of the method, including two combustion chambers, one of which is connected .~ '`, .
~' '.
.. .. .
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36~

vla a shut-off member to the gas dlscharge line on the pure-air side and the other, via a further shut-off memberJ to the gas supply line on the raw-air side, wherein the gas supply line as well as the gas discharge line can be shut off, is described in United States Patents 3,853,9~5 and 3,930,803.
The purification of an air or gas stream containing combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities by means of adsorption filters in accord-ance with United States Patents 3,853,985 and 3,930,803 was found to be practical and the adsorption fllters can be desorbed in a simple and econo-~ical manner aPter they have reached a certain loading. Under certain conditions this procedure has certain disadvantages. In this regard it was also found that inertization by the hot inert gas which is generated by combustion of hydrocarbons in an inert gas generator does not take place fast enough if highly volatile, combustible vapors or gases are adsorbed.
In the first place, an increased, undesirable carbon burn-off can be the result; in the second place undesired ignition of the desorbate within the adsorption filter can occur. Also, due to large temperature differ-ences, difficulties were had in maintaining tightness on the shut-off members of the gas supply line and the gas discharge line.
Summary of the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for desorbing impurities from an adsorption filter while preventing undesired ignition in the adsorption chamber and improving the ~;
shut-offs at the inlet gas line and tlle gas discharge line.
~` With the foregoing and other objects in view, there is provided in accordance with the invention, method of purifying an air or gas flow oP combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities involving the steps of ;
passing the air or gas through an adsorption zone in one direction thereof ~ ~ . . . .
to purify the air or gas, charging the zone to a predetermined level, generating a hot inert gas by stoichiometrically burning a hydrocarbon, ` passing the hot inert gas through the zone in a direction opposite to that of the air or gas flow to desorb the adsorbed combustible gaseous ; -2- ~ ~
, :" ,.

or vaporous impurities from the zone~ thereby producing a mixture of a desorbate and the inert gas, and adding to the mixture sufficient oxygen to burn the desorbate in the mixture, the combination therewith of pass-ing a cold protectlve gas through the adsorptive zone to cool the adsorption zone prior to passing the hot lnert gas through the adsorption zone thereby preventing undesired ignition of the desorbate and the burning of carbon contained within the adsorption zone. :.
In accordance with the invention there is provided apparatus .
for purifying an air or gas flow of combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities involving an adsorption chamber, an adsorption filter disposed in the adsorption chamber, inlet means in the adsorption chamber for the introduction of an air or gas flow of combustible vaporous or gaseous ; impurities for passage to one side of the filter permitting the air or ~:
gas to pass therethrough and charge the filter to a predetermined level, outlet means in the adsorption chamber for the discharge of the air or : gas passing through the filter and leaving the side of the filter opposite the side of intrbduction of the air or gas, a first gas inlet closing member on the inlet side for introduction of the air or gas containing impurities and a second gas outlet closing member on the discharge side o the air and gas for blocking the flow of the air or gas, a first burn-` ing chamber outside the adsorption chamber for generating an inert gas, connecting means for introducing the inert gas into the adsorption chamber at a point between the gas outlet closing member and the opposite side of the filter, thereby passing the inert gas through the filter in a direction ; of flow opposite that of the air and gas to desorb the filter and a third ~nert gas flow closing member to block the flow of the inert gas, the ~.
combination therewith of a protective gas generator outside the adsorption ; chamber for generating protective gas, connecting means for introducing ::.
the protective gas into the adsorption chamber at a point between the ; 30 third inert gas flow closing member and the opposite side of the filter, and a fourth protective gas closing member to block the flow of the pro- :
tective gas.

, )6~36~6 Brlef Description o the Drawing Other features which are considered as characterlstic for the lnventlon are set forth in the appended claims.
Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in purifying an air or gas stream containing combustible vaporous or gaseous impurlties, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.
The lnvention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof wlll be best understood from the followlng description when read in connection with the accompanying drawing which dlagrammatic-ally illustrates an embodiment of the invention for purifying the gas flow of impurities or pollutants.
Detailed Description of the Invention .
Air containing combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities is passed through the adsorption zone until the adsorption filter is charged ` with a predetermined amount of combustible impurities and the flow of air containing the impurities is terminated. At this point the adsorption 20 zone contains air which must be replaced before the desorption begins.
The amount of air to be replaced depends on the volume of the absorber and ~ `
` may vary from about 1 to about 100 m3. In addition to containing air, the adsorption zone also contains combustible impurities which if highly volatile may form an explosive mixture capable of being ignited by the ;
introduction of hot inert gas whlch is generally at a temperature above about 500C. To prevent ignition, a protective gas is introduced into the adsorptlon zone prlor to the lntroduction of hot inert gas and thereby destroys any explosi~e mixture which may occur in the adsorption zone.
The protective gas should be at a temperature below the ignitlon temper-30 ature, generally below 200C, and preferably below 100C. Introduction of cold protective gas also prevents a loss of activated carbon by burnup .
with oxygen. The time for introduction of cold protective gas into the - ~ `

-'1- .: ~

~ 686~6 : .
adsorption zone is relatively short and may vary rom a few minutes to a half hour or more depending on the temperature and rate of flow of the protective gas and the degree of coollng desired in the adsorption zone.
After introduction o the cold protective gas, hot inert gas is introduced into the adsorption zone without danger o explosion or undesired ignition and loss of activated carbon. Advantageously, the adsorption zone may be cooled after contact with hot inert gas by the introduction of cold pro-tective gas into the adsorption zone prior to reintroduction of air con- -taining combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities.
To generate the protective gas, a conventional inert gas generator, in which low-oxygen inert gas is produced by a combustion process, followed by a cooler, can be used. Similarly, the oxygen depletion may be accom-plished by known molecular sieves or by activated carbon according to the pressure cycling method. Here, the entire interior of the adsorption filter ; as well as the interspaceS between spaced elements of the shut-off members in the gas supply line and the gas discharge line are inertizised by intro-duction of cold protective gas before the inert gas adsorption is initiated.
After the inert gas generation has been started and the transition to de-sorption made, the cold protective gas supply to the adsorption filter is shut o~ whlle the cold protective gas supply to interspace between the :`~ dual elements in the form of dampers or shutters is maintained. After the desorption is completed and the production of inert gas stopped, pro-tectlve gas is fed again to the adsorption filter for the time necessary for it to cool down.
Referring to the drawing, the adsorption filter 1 has the gas supply line 2 and the discharge line 3 connected thereto. Lines 2 and 3 are shut of or the desorption by means o~ the shut-off members contain-ing dual damper elements 21 and 22 in line 2 as well as a pair of damper ` elements 31 and 32 in line 3. The interspaces 23 and 33 between the - 30 dampers 21 and 22 and the dampers 31 and 32 are connected by means of the shut-of members 61 and 62, via the line 6, which can be shut off, to the - protect~ve gas generator 8. A further line 7 which can be shut off by the _5_ .. .. . . ~, .. . . . . . .

6~6 shut-off member 71, also establishes a connection to the adsorption filter 1. The inlet for the protective gas to the adsorption zone can be combined with the inlet for the inert gas to the adsorption zone.
To prepare for the desorptlon, the shut-off dampers 21 and 22 as well as dampers 31 and 32 are closed. The shut-off members 61 and 62 are opened and the protective gas generator 8 is put in operation. If the pro-tective gas is generated by combustion, it is cooled to temperatures below 200C. The protectlve gas generator 8 contains the cooler requlred for this purpose. If cold protective gas generation by oxygen depletion accord-ing to the pressure-cycling method with molecular sieves or activated carbon is used, the pressure is reduced ahead of the entrance into the line 6.
Intentional leakage in the shut-off dampers 22 and 32 takes care of the flushing of the inertizised valve interspaces 23 and 33. After the shut-off members 71 and 51 are opened, protective gas from the protective gas generator 8 is conducted via the line 7 into the adsorption filter 1 and flo~s off through the combustion chamber 5. When the inertization with the protective gas is completed, the inert gas generator 4 is ignited ~ -: : -and the hot inert gas is conducted into the adsorption filter 1. Theshut-off member 71 is closed. However, protective gas continues to be admitted to the spaces between the shutters 21 and 22 as well as shutters 31 and 32. The hot inert gas flows off with the desorbate which is sub- ;
sequently burned in the combustion chamber 5 after the necessary air is supplied. After the desorption is completed, the shut-off member 71 is pened. Pirst, the shut-off valve 41, and later also the shut-off valve 51 ~s closed and the adsorption filter 1 is cooled down under protective ;
gas conditions. After the temperature of the latter has dropped to below about 100C the shut-off dampers 21 and 22 as well as 31 and 32 can be opened again and the purification of the air or gas stream can be reinitiated.

"'': :'' -6- ;

..

Claims (11)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a method of purifying an air or gas flow of combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities involving the steps of passing the air or gas through an adsorption zone in one direction thereof to purify said air or gas, charging said zone to a predetermined level, generating a hot inert gas by stoichiometrically burning a hydrocarbon, passing said hot inert gas through said zone in a direction opposite to that of said air or gas flow to desorb the adsorbed combustible gaseous or vaporous impurities from said zone, thereby producing a mixture of a desorbate and said inert gas, and adding to said mixture sufficient oxygen to burn said desorbate in said mixture, the combination therewith of passing a cold protective gas through said adsorption zone to cool said adsorption zone prior to passing said hot inert gas through said adsorption zone thereby preventing undesired ignition of the desorbate and the burning of carbon contained within the adsorption zone.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the adsorption zone is cooled to a temperature below 100 C.
3. Method as set forth in claim 1, wherein passing of said air or gas is blocked during said cooling and desorption by two spaced air or gas inlet closing elements, and wherein said cold protective gas is fed in the interspace between said two spaced inlet closing elements.
4. Method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said protective gas is generated by stoichiometrically burning a hydrocarbon, followed by cooling the resultant combustion gas.
5, Method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said protective gas is generated adsorptively by oxygen depletion of air in molecular sieves.
6. Method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said protective gas is generated adsorptively by oxygen depletion of air in activated carbon by pressure cycling and the resultant low oxygen protective gas is decom-pressed before it is used.
7. In apparatus for purifying an air or gas flow of combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities involving an adsorption chamber, an adsorp-tion filter disposed in said adsorption chamber, inlet means in said adsorp-tion chamber for the introduction of an air or gas flow of combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities for passage to one side of said filter permitting said air or gas to pass therethrough and charge said filter to a predetermined level, outlet means in said adsorption chamber for the discharge of said air or gas passing through said filter and leaving the side of the filter opposite the side of introduction of said air or gas, a first gas inlet closing member on the inlet side for introduction of said air or gas containing impurities and a second gas outlet closing member on the discharge side of said air and gas for blocking the flow of said air or gas, a first burning chamber outside said adsorption chamber for generating an inert gas, connecting means for introducing said inert gas into said adsorption chamber at a point between said gas outlet closing member and said opposite side of the filter, thereby passing said inert gas through said filter in a direction of flow opposite that of said air and gas to desorb said filter and a third inert gas flow closing member to block the flow of said inert gas, the combination therewith of a protective gas generator outside said adsorption chamber for generating protective gas, connecting means for introducing said protective gas into said adsorption chamber at a point between said third inert gas flow closing member and said opposite side of the filter, and a fourth protective gas closing member to block the flow of said protective gas.
8. Apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein said first gas inlet closing member is equipped with two spaced closing elements.
9. Apparatus as set forth in claim 8, including connecting means for introducing said protective gas into the interspace between said two spaced gas inlet closing elements, and a fifth protective gas closing member to block the flow of said protective gas into said interspace.
10. Apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein said second gas outlet closing member is equipped with two spaced closing elements.
11. Apparatus as set forth in claim 10, including connecting means for introducing said protective gas into the interspace between said two spaced gas outlet closing elements, and a sixth protective gas closing member to block the flow of said protective gas into said interspace.
CA264,821A 1975-11-05 1976-11-03 Purifying an air or gas stream containing combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities Expired CA1068616A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19752549522 DE2549522A1 (en) 1975-11-05 1975-11-05 PROCESS FOR PURIFYING COMBUSTIBLE VAPOR OR GAS CONTAMINATIONS FROM AN AIR OR GAS STREAM

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1068616A true CA1068616A (en) 1979-12-25

Family

ID=5960919

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA264,821A Expired CA1068616A (en) 1975-11-05 1976-11-03 Purifying an air or gas stream containing combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4088460A (en)
JP (1) JPS5278674A (en)
CA (1) CA1068616A (en)
CH (1) CH609580A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2549522A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2347086A2 (en)
SE (1) SE418575B (en)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2707226B1 (en) * 1977-02-19 1978-02-16 Ceag Filter Entstaubung PROCESS FOR SEPARATING STEAM OR GAS CONTAMINATION FROM A FLOW OF AIR OR GAS WITH AN ADSORPTION FILTER
DE2712250B2 (en) * 1977-03-21 1979-10-18 Smit Ovens Nijmegen B.V., Nijmegen (Niederlande) Method and device for cleaning a gas stream with the aid of adsorption filters
DE2736109C3 (en) * 1977-08-10 1981-11-12 Garching Instrumente, Gesellschaft zur industriellen Nutzung von Forschungsergebnissen mbH, 8000 München Method and device for removing ozone from fluids
JPS5926125A (en) * 1982-08-04 1984-02-10 Kogyo Kaihatsu Kenkyusho Removal of co2 in byproduct gas of iron mill
DE3303422C2 (en) * 1983-02-02 1986-09-25 Janetschek & Scheuchl, 8038 Gröbenzell Process for the regeneration and inertization of the adsorber units, the molecular sieve and other devices for the low-water recovery of solvents and a device for carrying out this process
US5308457A (en) * 1991-04-05 1994-05-03 Catalytica, Inc. Self-contained system for controlling gaseous emissions from dilute organic sources and a process for using that system
AT398044B (en) * 1992-12-09 1994-08-25 Kvt Verfahrenstech Gmbh METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PURIFYING THE EXHAUST GASES OF A DESORPTION STAGE LOADED WITH COMBUSTIBLE POLLUTANTS
US6033638A (en) 1998-03-20 2000-03-07 Campbell; Larry E. Sequential adsorptive capture and catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds in a reactor bed
CN106422651A (en) * 2016-11-17 2017-02-22 南京大学环境规划设计研究院有限公司 Inert gas protection system for industrial adsorber and operation control method thereof
CN107998818B (en) * 2017-05-08 2023-04-28 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 Inert gas protection system and method for activated carbon adsorption tower
CN109737432A (en) * 2018-12-06 2019-05-10 无锡中天固废处置有限公司 Utilize the processing system and method for dangerous waste incinerator processing low-concentration organic exhaust gas
CN112403178B (en) * 2019-10-14 2022-12-02 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 Activated carbon adsorption system with atmosphere protection structure and method for treating flue gas

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3480558A (en) * 1966-06-10 1969-11-25 Nat Distillers Chem Corp Catalyst regeneration
DE2030153B2 (en) * 1970-06-19 1977-09-15 Ceagfilter Und Entstaubungstechnik Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund PROCESS FOR CLEANING A FLOW OF AIR OR GAS FROM COMBUSTIBLE STEAM OR GAS-FORM CONTAMINATION AND ADSORPTION FILTER SYSTEM FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS
DE2231640B2 (en) * 1972-06-28 1977-09-15 Ceagfilter Und Entstaubungstechnik Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund METHOD FOR SEPARATING STEAM OR GASEOUS IMPURITIES FROM AN AIR OR GAS STREAM

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5278674A (en) 1977-07-02
DE2549522A1 (en) 1977-05-12
FR2347086B2 (en) 1982-12-17
FR2347086A2 (en) 1977-11-04
CH609580A5 (en) 1979-03-15
US4088460A (en) 1978-05-09
SE418575B (en) 1981-06-15
SE7612395L (en) 1977-05-06

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