CA1059733A - Apparatus for the production of sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw materials - Google Patents
Apparatus for the production of sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1059733A CA1059733A CA240,898A CA240898A CA1059733A CA 1059733 A CA1059733 A CA 1059733A CA 240898 A CA240898 A CA 240898A CA 1059733 A CA1059733 A CA 1059733A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- raw material
- impregnating
- steam
- reaction vessel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
- C13K—SACCHARIDES OBTAINED FROM NATURAL SOURCES OR BY HYDROLYSIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING DISACCHARIDES, OLIGOSACCHARIDES OR POLYSACCHARIDES
- C13K13/00—Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
- C13K13/002—Xylose
Abstract
AN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUGARS
FROM HEMI-CELLULOSE-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS
Abstract of the Disclosure The apparatus operates on a continuous gravimetric basis to extract sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw material such as xylose from xylan-containing raw materials.
The apparatus includes a sequence of interconnected vessels to steam heat the raw material, to acid-impregnate the steam-heated material, to hydrolyze the acid-impregnated ma-terial with steam and to extract sugar and other particles from the hydrolyzed material with a counter-flow of hot water.
A conveyor is used in the acid impregnating vessel to move the material to the reaction vessel. The hydrolyzed material is stored in a tank while the residue of raw material is removed in a non-destroyed state.
FROM HEMI-CELLULOSE-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS
Abstract of the Disclosure The apparatus operates on a continuous gravimetric basis to extract sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw material such as xylose from xylan-containing raw materials.
The apparatus includes a sequence of interconnected vessels to steam heat the raw material, to acid-impregnate the steam-heated material, to hydrolyze the acid-impregnated ma-terial with steam and to extract sugar and other particles from the hydrolyzed material with a counter-flow of hot water.
A conveyor is used in the acid impregnating vessel to move the material to the reaction vessel. The hydrolyzed material is stored in a tank while the residue of raw material is removed in a non-destroyed state.
Description
~35~q33 This invention relates to an apparatus for the pro-duction of sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw ma-terlals. More particularly~ this invention relates to an apparatus for the production of xylose from xylan-containing S. raw materials~
Heretofore, it has been known to produce sugar from hemicellulose~ for example to produce xylose from xylan-contai~ing raw matexials, by bringing the raw materials and an acid solution into contact in a closed vessel under eleva-10. ted temperature and pressure, so that hy~rolysis occurs. Theresultant sugar~ e ! g, xyloser is then extracted with water.
The disadvantage of this apparatus is that impregna-tion! reaction (hy~rolysis~ and frequently extraction take place together. The control and optimization of the individual 15. stages is thus rendered very difficult or even impossible.
~ nother gxeat disadvantage is that the raw ma-terials are only partly vented. This causes an excess pressure o~ both the air and steam in the raw material pores. As a result, the.capillary absorption of the hot acid solution into 20, the pores of the raw material is made very difficult and com-plete impregnation of the raw materials with an acid solution is therefore impossible. This~ in turn, results in leaving only a small reaction surface available between the raw ma-terials and the acid solution so that the hydrolysis of the xy-25. lan contained in the raw materials occursin a slow uncontroll-able manner, With known apparatus, therefore, the process takes a considerable amount of time and is not very economic.
Also, the degree of purity of the resulting sugar solution is not high nor is it constant.
30. Another disadvantage is that such an apparatus is
Heretofore, it has been known to produce sugar from hemicellulose~ for example to produce xylose from xylan-contai~ing raw matexials, by bringing the raw materials and an acid solution into contact in a closed vessel under eleva-10. ted temperature and pressure, so that hy~rolysis occurs. Theresultant sugar~ e ! g, xyloser is then extracted with water.
The disadvantage of this apparatus is that impregna-tion! reaction (hy~rolysis~ and frequently extraction take place together. The control and optimization of the individual 15. stages is thus rendered very difficult or even impossible.
~ nother gxeat disadvantage is that the raw ma-terials are only partly vented. This causes an excess pressure o~ both the air and steam in the raw material pores. As a result, the.capillary absorption of the hot acid solution into 20, the pores of the raw material is made very difficult and com-plete impregnation of the raw materials with an acid solution is therefore impossible. This~ in turn, results in leaving only a small reaction surface available between the raw ma-terials and the acid solution so that the hydrolysis of the xy-25. lan contained in the raw materials occursin a slow uncontroll-able manner, With known apparatus, therefore, the process takes a considerable amount of time and is not very economic.
Also, the degree of purity of the resulting sugar solution is not high nor is it constant.
30. Another disadvantage is that such an apparatus is
2.
~05~3733 ; not suitable for processing large quantities of raw materials such as are required for the production of large quantities of sugar.
This invention relates to an apparatus for the con-tinuous production of sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw materials comprising a venting vessel for receiving a flow of the raw material and steam; an impregnating vessel below said venting vessel for impregnating the flow of raw material with acid; a reaction vessel below said impregnating vessel for steam-heating the flow of the acid-impregnating raw material to hydrolyze the raw material; a conveyor in said impregnating vessel for conveying the acid-impregnated raw material from said impregnating vessel to said reaction vessel; and an extraction vessel below said reaction vessel for passing hot water in counter-flow to the hydrolyzed raw material to extract a sugar from the hydrolyzed raw material and form a hydrolysis product of the hot water and extracted sugar.
Accordingly, it is a purpose of the invention to pro-vide an apparatus which operates economically by allowing theoperations in the various stages of the process to be accurately controlled and optimized, so that the process time is short and the purity of the product is very high and constant.
It is another purpose of the invention to provide an apparatus for a continuous production of sugar from hemi-cellulose-co~taining raw material.
It is another purpose of the inventi-on to increase the production of sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw material.
It is another purpose of the invention to optimize the amount of reaction s rface in the pores of a hemi-
~05~3733 ; not suitable for processing large quantities of raw materials such as are required for the production of large quantities of sugar.
This invention relates to an apparatus for the con-tinuous production of sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw materials comprising a venting vessel for receiving a flow of the raw material and steam; an impregnating vessel below said venting vessel for impregnating the flow of raw material with acid; a reaction vessel below said impregnating vessel for steam-heating the flow of the acid-impregnating raw material to hydrolyze the raw material; a conveyor in said impregnating vessel for conveying the acid-impregnated raw material from said impregnating vessel to said reaction vessel; and an extraction vessel below said reaction vessel for passing hot water in counter-flow to the hydrolyzed raw material to extract a sugar from the hydrolyzed raw material and form a hydrolysis product of the hot water and extracted sugar.
Accordingly, it is a purpose of the invention to pro-vide an apparatus which operates economically by allowing theoperations in the various stages of the process to be accurately controlled and optimized, so that the process time is short and the purity of the product is very high and constant.
It is another purpose of the invention to provide an apparatus for a continuous production of sugar from hemi-cellulose-co~taining raw material.
It is another purpose of the inventi-on to increase the production of sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw material.
It is another purpose of the invention to optimize the amount of reaction s rface in the pores of a hemi-
- 3 -'p~
1C~59733 cellulose-containing raw material for hydrolysis in the pro-duction of a sugar.
It is another purpose of the invention to extract sugar from a raw material without destroying the raw material.
Briefly, the invention provides an apparatus for the production of sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw materials on a continuous and gravimetric basis. The apparatus includes a venting vessel, an impregnating vessel, a reaction vessel, an extraction vessel and a conveyor in the impreg-nating vessel for conveying the raw material to the reactionvessel.
The venting vessel receives a flow of the raw material and steam while the impregnating vessel is located downstream of the venting vessel for impregnating the flow of raw material with acid. The reaction vessel is downstream of the impreg-nating - 3a -r ~
~6~S~'733 vessel for steam~heating the flow of acid-impregnated raw ma-terial received via the conveyor in order to hydrolyze the raw material. The extraction vessel is, in turn, downstream of the reaction vessel for passing hot water in counter-flo~ to the hydrolyzed raw~material to extract a sugar from the hydrolyzed raw material and to form a hydrolysis product of the hot water - and sugar.
The apparatus also includes a storage tank to receive the hydrolysis product and a removal means for removing the residue of raw material~
During operation, the movement of the raw material between the venting vesseI and the impregnating vessel, and be-tween the impregnati,ng vessel~ the reaction vessel and the ex~
traction ve$sel, takes place continuously and by gravity.
Preferably, the conveyox is a screw conveyor so disposed be-tween a bottom zone of the ~mpregnating vessel and a top zone of the reaction vessel that the conveying axis of the screw co~veyor r~seS in the direction of the reaction vessel.
In order to remove the extractlon product, i.e. the hydrolysis product, the top zone of the extraction vessel and the bottom zone of the reaction vessel form an annular chamber so dimensioned that the speed of the upward flow of the extrac-tion product therein is less than the sedimentation speed of the material particles.
25. In order to prevent the level of extraction water in the extraction vessel from falling, the extraction vessel is connected to an overflow means in liquid-communicating rela-tionship.
A flow connection for steam is provided between the top zone of the reaction vessel and the bottom zone of the ~a~5~733 venting vessel, so that the steam flowing through the reaction vessel can then be used in the venting vessel.
These and other objeets and advantages of the inven-tion will become more apparent from the following detailed des-5. cription and appended claims taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings in whieh:
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an apparatus in aecordance with the invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates an enlarged view of a part II
10. of Fig. 1 showing the venting vessel, impregnating vessel and top zone of the reaction vessel, in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 3 illustrates an enlarged view of Fig. 1 of a part III of Fig. 1 showing the bottom zone of the reaction 150 vessel and the top zone of the extraetion vessel in accordanee with the invention;
Fig. 4 illustrates an enlarged view of Fig. 1 of a part IV of Fig. 1 showing the extraction vessel and storage tank in accordance with the invention; and 20. Fig, 5 illustrates an enlarged view of Fig. 1 of a part V of Fig. 1 showing the overflow means whieh is eonneeted to the extraetion vessel in aeeordance with the invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the apparatus ineludes a 25. feeder 1 whieh reeeives a flow of hemi-cellulose-containing raw material from a conveyor (not shown), a venting vessel 7, an impregnating vessel 10, a reactor vessel 24 and an extrac-tion vessel 41.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the feeder 1 consists 30. of a cyclone 2, an inclined chute 3 and a vertical filler 1~59733 tube 4. The chute 3 is provided with an extension 5 which acts as an overflow for the raw material introduced. The filler tube 4 terminates above a shaking trough 6 ~Figure 2) which ter-minates above the venting vessel 7. The shaking trough 6 is driven by a motor 8 mounted on the underside of the tube 4.
The venting vessel 7 is mounted on a box 9 which forms a part of the impregnating vessel 10 and is disposed to receive the flow of raw material from the filler tube 3 via the trough 6.
The impregnating vessel 10 is located downstream i.e.
below, as shown of the venting vessel and includes a conveyor in the form of a screw conveyor./ The screw conveyor extends between a bottom zone of the impregnating vessel 10 and a top zone of the reaction vessel 2~ on an inclined angle so as to convey acid impregnated raw material upwardly from the bottom zone of the impregnating vessel 10 to the top zone of the reaction vessel 21. The screw conveyor is driven by a motor 19. Alternatively, some other conveyor may be provided in-stead of a screw conveyor, for example a chain conveyor. Also, the conveyor may be situated outside the impregnating vessel.
A means for supplying acid to the impregnating vessel 10 is in the form of an acid supply tank 21 which is connected via a con-duit 20 to an intermediate part of a tube 22 forming a part of the vessel 10 housing the screw conveyor.
As shown in Figure 2, an annular chamber 15 i~ formed ; between the venting vessel 7 and the box 9 of the impregnating vessel 10`. A means for supplying steam into the venting vessel 7 to penetrate into the pore system of the raw material is con-nected to this chamber 25. To this end, the steam supply means includes two branch conduits 16, 17 which communicate with the chamber and a common conduit 18 which communicates with the branch conduits 16, 17 to deliver steam thereto.
The end of the tube 22 of the screw conveyor is con-nected to the feed side 23 of the reaction vessel 24 which is below the impregnating vessel 10. At the top zone, the reaction vessel 24 has a smaller-diameter cylindrical part 25 so that an annular chamber 26 forms between the part 25 and reaction vessel wall. As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the reac-tion vessel 21 terminates in the bottom zone in a larger-diameter cylindrical part 27, so that an annular space 28 is likewise formed between the reaction vessel 21 and a top zone of the extraction vessel 41 which is below the reaction vessel 21.
Referring to Figure 3, a means is provided for supply-, ing steam into the reaction vessel 24 in order to hydrolyze the acid-impregnated raw material therein. As shown, this steam supply means includes a steam tank 33 which is connected via a conduit 31 containing a control valve 32 to two branch conduits 29, 30 which, in turn, communicate with the chamber 28 between ;~ 20 the reaction vessel 24 and extraction vessel 41. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the conduit 18 for delivering steam to the ven~-ing vessel 7 is connected to the chamber 25 in the top zone of the reaction vessel 24 so that the tank 33 serves as the steam supply for both the venting vessel 7 and reaction vessel 24 Referring to Figure 4, the bottom zone of the reaction vessel 24 has a cylindrical part 27 which is introduced into the top zone 40 of the extraction vessel 41, so that an annu-lar chamber 42 is formed between the two. The top zone of the extraction vessel 41 is also surrounded by a cylindrical part 43, which forms a further annular chamber 44 therebetween.
This latter chamber 44 is closed at the bottom and is connected, ~C9~73~
via two branch conduits 45, 46 at the bottom which merge into a common conduit 47 containing a valve, to a storage tank 48.
A conduit 49 containing a pump 50 leads from the tank 48 to other apparatus ~not shown) for further processing of the hydrolysis product stored in the tank 48.
A means is provided for supplying hot water to the extraction vessel 41 in counterflow to the hydrolyzed raw ma~
terial. This means, as shown in Fig. 4~ includes a hot water supply tank 59 which is connected via a conduit 57 containing 10. a control valve 58 and two branch conduits 53, 54 each of which contains control valves 55, 56. As shown, the bottom zone of the extraction vessel 41 merges into a larger-diameter cylindri-cal part 51 so that an annular chamber 52 forms therebetween.
This annular chamber communicates with the two conduits 53 and 15. 5~ of the hot water $upply~
The extraction vessel 41 rests on a housing 65 for a removal means 66 equipped with agitator blades 67. As shown, the removal means 66 includes a shaft 68 which carries the blades 67 and is driyen by a motor 7q via a transmission 69. The blades 20~ 67 extend as far as the bottom 71 of the extraction vessel 41 while the shaft 68 extends through a cylindrical chamber 72 into which a conduit 73 leads. The conduit 73 extends to an over-flow means 82 (Figs. 1 and 5~ via a flexible intermediate con-duit 80 and an overflow conduit 81.
25. As shown in Fig~ 5, the overflow conduit 81 extends through the base 83 of the overflow means and is provided with a shield 84 at the end. ~ tube 85 connected to the base 83 extends between the shield 84 and the overflow conduit 81.
The overflow means is followed by a screen 87 which terminates above a vibratory screen 88 driven by a motor 89. A hopper ~59733 90 is located beneath the vibratory screen 88 and rests on a tank 91 The tank 91, in turn~ communicates with the cylindri-cal chamber 72 o~ the removal means 66 via a conduit 95 con-taining a pump 96.
The apparatus operates as follows;
The preecomminuted raw material, e.g~ beech chips of a size e~uivalent to half a matchstick, enters the cyclone 2 (Figs~ 1 and 2) in ~h.ich the air is separated. The raw material then falls fronl the cyclone 2 through the chute 3 and the filler 10. tube 4 while heing heated to a temperature of lOO~C and passes to the shak~ng trough 6~ The raw material is compacted on the trough 6 and ~ed to the venting vessel 7.
In the venting vessel 7, the raw material is added to the s~turated steam fed via the conduits 18, 16 and 17 and the annular chamber 15. The saturated steam is delivered from the steam tan]s 33 and flo~s through the conduits 31, 29, 30 and the annular chamber 28 to the reaction vessel 24, through the latter, the conduits 18 r 16 and 17, and the annular chamber 15, to the :: `
venting vessel 7. The saturated steam penetrates into the pore 20~ system of the raw material in the vent.ing vessel, mainly by capillary action, and in so doing displaces the air in the pores. The expelled air leaves the apparatus through the filler tube 4, chute 3 and cyclone 2, The venting of the raw material by means o.f the steam thus takes place at about 100C and at 25, atmospheric pressure.
The vented column of raw material 100 in the venting vessel 7 drops under gravity continuously downwards to the bottom zone of the vessel 7 and into the acid 101 which is pres-ent there and in the screw conveyor. Since the acid is at a 30. much lower temperature than the vented and heated raw material, ~L~S~733 the saturated steam in the raw material pores condenses, so that a negative pressure occurs in the pores. Consequently, the pores absorb the acid rapidly and are completely filled there-with. The subsequent reaction (hydrolysis) of the raw material 5, in the reaction vessel 24 thus takes place rapidly and thoroughly.
The acid-impregnated raw material is continuously discharged from the surplus acid 101 and fed to the reaction r . unJer s~av~
vessel 24 by the screw conveyo~. The acid-impregnated column of raw material 102 is then heated in the reaction vessel 24 to 10. the required reaction temperature by the steam flowing at a pres-sure of about 2 atmospheres gauge from the tank 33 into the reaction vessel 24 via the conduits 31, 29 and 30 and the annu-lar chamber 28 (Figs. 1 and 3). The acid thus acts as a cata-lyst for the hydrolysis of the raw material to form xylose, 15. which is completely dissolved in the acid contained in the raw material. The excess steam flows through the entire column of raw material in the reaction vessel 24 and leaves via the con-duit 18 to flow through the conduits 16, 17 and the annular chamber 15 into the venting vessel 7. The steam is then used 20. in the venting vessel 7 for heating and venting the column of raw material 100 as described above.
The column of raw material 102 (Fig. 2) hydrolyzed in the reaction vessel 24 falls continuously downwards under gravity into the extraction vessel 41 to form a column of 25. material 103. Hot water at a temperature of about 90C
is continuously fed from the tank 59 into the extraction vessel 41 via the conduits 57, 53 and 54 and the annular chamber 52 so as to flow upwardly through this column of material 103 in the extraction vessel 41. The water and the column of material 103 30. thus flows in countercurrent. The substances contained ln the 10 .
material particles, such as xylose~ acetic acid and other ex-tracts, diffuse out and dissolve into the hot water. The upwardly flowing water (the hydrolysis product) which has become con-tinuously aoncentrated wi~th these substances on the way, leaves 5. the extraction vesseI ~1 (Figs. 1 and 4? through the annular chambers 42, 44 and flows to the storage tank 48 via the con-duits 45, 46 and 47~ This tank 48 acts as an intermediate store for the hydrolysis product which can be fed by the pump 50 via the conduit 49 to other apparatus (not shown~ for separa-10. ting solids from the hydrolysis product, and to a crystallizationapparatus for the recovery and puri~ication of the xylose.
Rèferring to Fig. 3, the annular chamber ~2 between the top zone of the extraction vesseI 41 and the bottom zone of the reaction vessel 24 is so dimensioned that the speed 15. of the hydroly~is product flowing upwardly therein is less than the sedimentation speed of the material particles in the annular chamber 42. This prevents material particles from being discharged with the hydrolysis product and entering the storage tank 48~
20. Referring to Fig. 4, the part of the column of ma-teriaI 103 in the bottom zone of the extraction vessel 41 is con-tinuously removed by the agitator blades 67 of the removal means 66. During this time, the residue or material particles pass to the cylinder chamber 72 through which water flows from 25. the conduit 97 and entrains the material particles and dis-charges them through the riser 73. The material suspension then passes (Fig. 5) via the overflow conduit 81 to the overflow means 82. The overflow means 82 and the extraction vessel 41 thus form an adjustable communicating system so that the level 30. of the hot water in the extraction vessel 41 is maintained con-11.
l~SY7;~3 stant. The material suspension flows out of the overflow meanson to the screen 87 so that the water and particles can be sepa-rated. The water then flows through the hopper 90 into the tank 91~ The pump 96 delivers the water from this tank 91 back 5. to the removal means 66 of the extraction vessel 41 for further conveyance of the material particles from the vessel 41 as described above~
It wi~ll be apparent from the foregoing description that the~e is a completely continuous flow through the separate 10. process stages so that the apparatus is very economic and the end product has a high purity. Further, each process stage can be separately controlled in an accurate manner and optimized.
The speed of operation of the removal means 66 is so selected that the process stages, i.e~ venting, hydrolysis and extrac-15. tion take place under optlmum conditions in the respectlvevessels~ The raw material is not destroyed during passage th,rough the vessels but retains its original form and the cellulose contained therein remains substantially unaffected.
The residue can therefore be reused, for example, in pulp pro-20. duction.
As already stated, the raw material is vented bythe steam at a temperature of 100C and at atmospheric pres-sure. In order to control these parameters, a suitable means is provided to measure the steam temperature in the venting 25. vessel`7 and reaction vessel 24 to control the amount of steam flowing from the tank to the reaction vessel 24 and the venting vessel 7. Such a means includes a temperature sensor 120 (Fig. 2) for measuring the temperature in the venting vessel 7, a line 121 for transmitting a signal representative 30. of the measured temperature and a controller 122 for receiving ~IL059'733 the signal, The temperature,in~the top zone of the reaction vessel 24 ls also measured by means of a temperature sensor 123 and is also fed to ~he controller 122 via a line 124 and the line 121. This controller 122 produces a cGntrol signal 5, according to the measured temperatures, which control signal is then fed via a signal line 1~5 to the valve 32 in the steam line 31. This valve 32 controls the amount of steam flowing out of the vessel 33 through the reaction vessel 24 and the venting vessel 7, 10. A means is also provided for maintaining a constant level of acid in the vent~ng vessel 7 and the impregnating vesse,l 10, To this end~ the level 130 of ac~d 101 in the venting vessel 7~ which is always the same as the level 131 of acid in the screw conveyor, is detected by a level meter 132 and a rep-15. resentative signal is fed via a line 133 (Fig. 2~ to a controller 134 which by Way of a signal line 135 produces an appropriate control signal for the control of a valve 136 in the conduit 20 between the acid tank 21 and the housing 22 of the screw conveyor.
20. A suitable means is also provided for cont~olling the speed of the conveyor in the impregnating vessel 10 in depèndence on the level of raw material in the reaction vessel 24. To this end, the level 137 of the column 102 of raw ma-terial in the reaction vessel 24 is measured radioactively by 25. means of a device 138, 138a which produces a level signal which is fed via a line 139 to a controller 140. The controller 140, in turn, produces and emits a control signal via a signal line 141 to the screw conveyor drive motor 19 in order to control - the speed of rotation of the motor l9.
30, A means is also provided to control the hot water '13.
~L~P59~733 supply means in dependence on the level of hydrolysis product in the storage tank 48~ To this end, the level of hydrolysis product in the storage tank 48 is measured by a sensor 142 and a representative signal is fed via a line 143 to a con- -troller 1~4 which, by way of a signal line 145 r produces a con-trol signal for the control of the valve 58 in the line 57 be-tween the hot water tank 59 and the extraction vessel 41.
The speed of rotation of the removal means 66 is ad-justed for a g~ven apparatus capacity ! i.e. raw material through-10. put. For this purpose,a controller 146(Figs, 1 and 4) is used tokeep the removal means drive motor 70 at the value to which the speed has been set.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 5, the level of the hot water in the extraction vessel 41 is determined by the level of the 15. orifice of the overflow conduit 81. This level is adjustable by the presence of the flexible intermediate conduit 80. Thus, assuming ~ull ~low~ the hot water level can be maintained con-stant a~ a giv~n level.
Venting and reaction (hydrolysis) take place at about 20. 100C and atmospheric pressure. Under these conditions, hydrolysis is complete after about 30 to 4~ minutes. The time required for the column of raw material to flow through the extraction vessel ~1 is about 3 hours, The hot water fed to the extraction vessel 41 from the tank 59 has a temperature of about 90C.
25. The apparatus is not restricted to the processing of xylan-containing raw materials, such as beech chips, for the production of xylose, but is, of course, also applicable to the production of other sugars, and generally to the production of sugars ~rom hemicellulose-containing raw materials.
30.
~ 4r~
1C~59733 cellulose-containing raw material for hydrolysis in the pro-duction of a sugar.
It is another purpose of the invention to extract sugar from a raw material without destroying the raw material.
Briefly, the invention provides an apparatus for the production of sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw materials on a continuous and gravimetric basis. The apparatus includes a venting vessel, an impregnating vessel, a reaction vessel, an extraction vessel and a conveyor in the impreg-nating vessel for conveying the raw material to the reactionvessel.
The venting vessel receives a flow of the raw material and steam while the impregnating vessel is located downstream of the venting vessel for impregnating the flow of raw material with acid. The reaction vessel is downstream of the impreg-nating - 3a -r ~
~6~S~'733 vessel for steam~heating the flow of acid-impregnated raw ma-terial received via the conveyor in order to hydrolyze the raw material. The extraction vessel is, in turn, downstream of the reaction vessel for passing hot water in counter-flo~ to the hydrolyzed raw~material to extract a sugar from the hydrolyzed raw material and to form a hydrolysis product of the hot water - and sugar.
The apparatus also includes a storage tank to receive the hydrolysis product and a removal means for removing the residue of raw material~
During operation, the movement of the raw material between the venting vesseI and the impregnating vessel, and be-tween the impregnati,ng vessel~ the reaction vessel and the ex~
traction ve$sel, takes place continuously and by gravity.
Preferably, the conveyox is a screw conveyor so disposed be-tween a bottom zone of the ~mpregnating vessel and a top zone of the reaction vessel that the conveying axis of the screw co~veyor r~seS in the direction of the reaction vessel.
In order to remove the extractlon product, i.e. the hydrolysis product, the top zone of the extraction vessel and the bottom zone of the reaction vessel form an annular chamber so dimensioned that the speed of the upward flow of the extrac-tion product therein is less than the sedimentation speed of the material particles.
25. In order to prevent the level of extraction water in the extraction vessel from falling, the extraction vessel is connected to an overflow means in liquid-communicating rela-tionship.
A flow connection for steam is provided between the top zone of the reaction vessel and the bottom zone of the ~a~5~733 venting vessel, so that the steam flowing through the reaction vessel can then be used in the venting vessel.
These and other objeets and advantages of the inven-tion will become more apparent from the following detailed des-5. cription and appended claims taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings in whieh:
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an apparatus in aecordance with the invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates an enlarged view of a part II
10. of Fig. 1 showing the venting vessel, impregnating vessel and top zone of the reaction vessel, in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 3 illustrates an enlarged view of Fig. 1 of a part III of Fig. 1 showing the bottom zone of the reaction 150 vessel and the top zone of the extraetion vessel in accordanee with the invention;
Fig. 4 illustrates an enlarged view of Fig. 1 of a part IV of Fig. 1 showing the extraction vessel and storage tank in accordance with the invention; and 20. Fig, 5 illustrates an enlarged view of Fig. 1 of a part V of Fig. 1 showing the overflow means whieh is eonneeted to the extraetion vessel in aeeordance with the invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the apparatus ineludes a 25. feeder 1 whieh reeeives a flow of hemi-cellulose-containing raw material from a conveyor (not shown), a venting vessel 7, an impregnating vessel 10, a reactor vessel 24 and an extrac-tion vessel 41.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the feeder 1 consists 30. of a cyclone 2, an inclined chute 3 and a vertical filler 1~59733 tube 4. The chute 3 is provided with an extension 5 which acts as an overflow for the raw material introduced. The filler tube 4 terminates above a shaking trough 6 ~Figure 2) which ter-minates above the venting vessel 7. The shaking trough 6 is driven by a motor 8 mounted on the underside of the tube 4.
The venting vessel 7 is mounted on a box 9 which forms a part of the impregnating vessel 10 and is disposed to receive the flow of raw material from the filler tube 3 via the trough 6.
The impregnating vessel 10 is located downstream i.e.
below, as shown of the venting vessel and includes a conveyor in the form of a screw conveyor./ The screw conveyor extends between a bottom zone of the impregnating vessel 10 and a top zone of the reaction vessel 2~ on an inclined angle so as to convey acid impregnated raw material upwardly from the bottom zone of the impregnating vessel 10 to the top zone of the reaction vessel 21. The screw conveyor is driven by a motor 19. Alternatively, some other conveyor may be provided in-stead of a screw conveyor, for example a chain conveyor. Also, the conveyor may be situated outside the impregnating vessel.
A means for supplying acid to the impregnating vessel 10 is in the form of an acid supply tank 21 which is connected via a con-duit 20 to an intermediate part of a tube 22 forming a part of the vessel 10 housing the screw conveyor.
As shown in Figure 2, an annular chamber 15 i~ formed ; between the venting vessel 7 and the box 9 of the impregnating vessel 10`. A means for supplying steam into the venting vessel 7 to penetrate into the pore system of the raw material is con-nected to this chamber 25. To this end, the steam supply means includes two branch conduits 16, 17 which communicate with the chamber and a common conduit 18 which communicates with the branch conduits 16, 17 to deliver steam thereto.
The end of the tube 22 of the screw conveyor is con-nected to the feed side 23 of the reaction vessel 24 which is below the impregnating vessel 10. At the top zone, the reaction vessel 24 has a smaller-diameter cylindrical part 25 so that an annular chamber 26 forms between the part 25 and reaction vessel wall. As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the reac-tion vessel 21 terminates in the bottom zone in a larger-diameter cylindrical part 27, so that an annular space 28 is likewise formed between the reaction vessel 21 and a top zone of the extraction vessel 41 which is below the reaction vessel 21.
Referring to Figure 3, a means is provided for supply-, ing steam into the reaction vessel 24 in order to hydrolyze the acid-impregnated raw material therein. As shown, this steam supply means includes a steam tank 33 which is connected via a conduit 31 containing a control valve 32 to two branch conduits 29, 30 which, in turn, communicate with the chamber 28 between ;~ 20 the reaction vessel 24 and extraction vessel 41. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the conduit 18 for delivering steam to the ven~-ing vessel 7 is connected to the chamber 25 in the top zone of the reaction vessel 24 so that the tank 33 serves as the steam supply for both the venting vessel 7 and reaction vessel 24 Referring to Figure 4, the bottom zone of the reaction vessel 24 has a cylindrical part 27 which is introduced into the top zone 40 of the extraction vessel 41, so that an annu-lar chamber 42 is formed between the two. The top zone of the extraction vessel 41 is also surrounded by a cylindrical part 43, which forms a further annular chamber 44 therebetween.
This latter chamber 44 is closed at the bottom and is connected, ~C9~73~
via two branch conduits 45, 46 at the bottom which merge into a common conduit 47 containing a valve, to a storage tank 48.
A conduit 49 containing a pump 50 leads from the tank 48 to other apparatus ~not shown) for further processing of the hydrolysis product stored in the tank 48.
A means is provided for supplying hot water to the extraction vessel 41 in counterflow to the hydrolyzed raw ma~
terial. This means, as shown in Fig. 4~ includes a hot water supply tank 59 which is connected via a conduit 57 containing 10. a control valve 58 and two branch conduits 53, 54 each of which contains control valves 55, 56. As shown, the bottom zone of the extraction vessel 41 merges into a larger-diameter cylindri-cal part 51 so that an annular chamber 52 forms therebetween.
This annular chamber communicates with the two conduits 53 and 15. 5~ of the hot water $upply~
The extraction vessel 41 rests on a housing 65 for a removal means 66 equipped with agitator blades 67. As shown, the removal means 66 includes a shaft 68 which carries the blades 67 and is driyen by a motor 7q via a transmission 69. The blades 20~ 67 extend as far as the bottom 71 of the extraction vessel 41 while the shaft 68 extends through a cylindrical chamber 72 into which a conduit 73 leads. The conduit 73 extends to an over-flow means 82 (Figs. 1 and 5~ via a flexible intermediate con-duit 80 and an overflow conduit 81.
25. As shown in Fig~ 5, the overflow conduit 81 extends through the base 83 of the overflow means and is provided with a shield 84 at the end. ~ tube 85 connected to the base 83 extends between the shield 84 and the overflow conduit 81.
The overflow means is followed by a screen 87 which terminates above a vibratory screen 88 driven by a motor 89. A hopper ~59733 90 is located beneath the vibratory screen 88 and rests on a tank 91 The tank 91, in turn~ communicates with the cylindri-cal chamber 72 o~ the removal means 66 via a conduit 95 con-taining a pump 96.
The apparatus operates as follows;
The preecomminuted raw material, e.g~ beech chips of a size e~uivalent to half a matchstick, enters the cyclone 2 (Figs~ 1 and 2) in ~h.ich the air is separated. The raw material then falls fronl the cyclone 2 through the chute 3 and the filler 10. tube 4 while heing heated to a temperature of lOO~C and passes to the shak~ng trough 6~ The raw material is compacted on the trough 6 and ~ed to the venting vessel 7.
In the venting vessel 7, the raw material is added to the s~turated steam fed via the conduits 18, 16 and 17 and the annular chamber 15. The saturated steam is delivered from the steam tan]s 33 and flo~s through the conduits 31, 29, 30 and the annular chamber 28 to the reaction vessel 24, through the latter, the conduits 18 r 16 and 17, and the annular chamber 15, to the :: `
venting vessel 7. The saturated steam penetrates into the pore 20~ system of the raw material in the vent.ing vessel, mainly by capillary action, and in so doing displaces the air in the pores. The expelled air leaves the apparatus through the filler tube 4, chute 3 and cyclone 2, The venting of the raw material by means o.f the steam thus takes place at about 100C and at 25, atmospheric pressure.
The vented column of raw material 100 in the venting vessel 7 drops under gravity continuously downwards to the bottom zone of the vessel 7 and into the acid 101 which is pres-ent there and in the screw conveyor. Since the acid is at a 30. much lower temperature than the vented and heated raw material, ~L~S~733 the saturated steam in the raw material pores condenses, so that a negative pressure occurs in the pores. Consequently, the pores absorb the acid rapidly and are completely filled there-with. The subsequent reaction (hydrolysis) of the raw material 5, in the reaction vessel 24 thus takes place rapidly and thoroughly.
The acid-impregnated raw material is continuously discharged from the surplus acid 101 and fed to the reaction r . unJer s~av~
vessel 24 by the screw conveyo~. The acid-impregnated column of raw material 102 is then heated in the reaction vessel 24 to 10. the required reaction temperature by the steam flowing at a pres-sure of about 2 atmospheres gauge from the tank 33 into the reaction vessel 24 via the conduits 31, 29 and 30 and the annu-lar chamber 28 (Figs. 1 and 3). The acid thus acts as a cata-lyst for the hydrolysis of the raw material to form xylose, 15. which is completely dissolved in the acid contained in the raw material. The excess steam flows through the entire column of raw material in the reaction vessel 24 and leaves via the con-duit 18 to flow through the conduits 16, 17 and the annular chamber 15 into the venting vessel 7. The steam is then used 20. in the venting vessel 7 for heating and venting the column of raw material 100 as described above.
The column of raw material 102 (Fig. 2) hydrolyzed in the reaction vessel 24 falls continuously downwards under gravity into the extraction vessel 41 to form a column of 25. material 103. Hot water at a temperature of about 90C
is continuously fed from the tank 59 into the extraction vessel 41 via the conduits 57, 53 and 54 and the annular chamber 52 so as to flow upwardly through this column of material 103 in the extraction vessel 41. The water and the column of material 103 30. thus flows in countercurrent. The substances contained ln the 10 .
material particles, such as xylose~ acetic acid and other ex-tracts, diffuse out and dissolve into the hot water. The upwardly flowing water (the hydrolysis product) which has become con-tinuously aoncentrated wi~th these substances on the way, leaves 5. the extraction vesseI ~1 (Figs. 1 and 4? through the annular chambers 42, 44 and flows to the storage tank 48 via the con-duits 45, 46 and 47~ This tank 48 acts as an intermediate store for the hydrolysis product which can be fed by the pump 50 via the conduit 49 to other apparatus (not shown~ for separa-10. ting solids from the hydrolysis product, and to a crystallizationapparatus for the recovery and puri~ication of the xylose.
Rèferring to Fig. 3, the annular chamber ~2 between the top zone of the extraction vesseI 41 and the bottom zone of the reaction vessel 24 is so dimensioned that the speed 15. of the hydroly~is product flowing upwardly therein is less than the sedimentation speed of the material particles in the annular chamber 42. This prevents material particles from being discharged with the hydrolysis product and entering the storage tank 48~
20. Referring to Fig. 4, the part of the column of ma-teriaI 103 in the bottom zone of the extraction vessel 41 is con-tinuously removed by the agitator blades 67 of the removal means 66. During this time, the residue or material particles pass to the cylinder chamber 72 through which water flows from 25. the conduit 97 and entrains the material particles and dis-charges them through the riser 73. The material suspension then passes (Fig. 5) via the overflow conduit 81 to the overflow means 82. The overflow means 82 and the extraction vessel 41 thus form an adjustable communicating system so that the level 30. of the hot water in the extraction vessel 41 is maintained con-11.
l~SY7;~3 stant. The material suspension flows out of the overflow meanson to the screen 87 so that the water and particles can be sepa-rated. The water then flows through the hopper 90 into the tank 91~ The pump 96 delivers the water from this tank 91 back 5. to the removal means 66 of the extraction vessel 41 for further conveyance of the material particles from the vessel 41 as described above~
It wi~ll be apparent from the foregoing description that the~e is a completely continuous flow through the separate 10. process stages so that the apparatus is very economic and the end product has a high purity. Further, each process stage can be separately controlled in an accurate manner and optimized.
The speed of operation of the removal means 66 is so selected that the process stages, i.e~ venting, hydrolysis and extrac-15. tion take place under optlmum conditions in the respectlvevessels~ The raw material is not destroyed during passage th,rough the vessels but retains its original form and the cellulose contained therein remains substantially unaffected.
The residue can therefore be reused, for example, in pulp pro-20. duction.
As already stated, the raw material is vented bythe steam at a temperature of 100C and at atmospheric pres-sure. In order to control these parameters, a suitable means is provided to measure the steam temperature in the venting 25. vessel`7 and reaction vessel 24 to control the amount of steam flowing from the tank to the reaction vessel 24 and the venting vessel 7. Such a means includes a temperature sensor 120 (Fig. 2) for measuring the temperature in the venting vessel 7, a line 121 for transmitting a signal representative 30. of the measured temperature and a controller 122 for receiving ~IL059'733 the signal, The temperature,in~the top zone of the reaction vessel 24 ls also measured by means of a temperature sensor 123 and is also fed to ~he controller 122 via a line 124 and the line 121. This controller 122 produces a cGntrol signal 5, according to the measured temperatures, which control signal is then fed via a signal line 1~5 to the valve 32 in the steam line 31. This valve 32 controls the amount of steam flowing out of the vessel 33 through the reaction vessel 24 and the venting vessel 7, 10. A means is also provided for maintaining a constant level of acid in the vent~ng vessel 7 and the impregnating vesse,l 10, To this end~ the level 130 of ac~d 101 in the venting vessel 7~ which is always the same as the level 131 of acid in the screw conveyor, is detected by a level meter 132 and a rep-15. resentative signal is fed via a line 133 (Fig. 2~ to a controller 134 which by Way of a signal line 135 produces an appropriate control signal for the control of a valve 136 in the conduit 20 between the acid tank 21 and the housing 22 of the screw conveyor.
20. A suitable means is also provided for cont~olling the speed of the conveyor in the impregnating vessel 10 in depèndence on the level of raw material in the reaction vessel 24. To this end, the level 137 of the column 102 of raw ma-terial in the reaction vessel 24 is measured radioactively by 25. means of a device 138, 138a which produces a level signal which is fed via a line 139 to a controller 140. The controller 140, in turn, produces and emits a control signal via a signal line 141 to the screw conveyor drive motor 19 in order to control - the speed of rotation of the motor l9.
30, A means is also provided to control the hot water '13.
~L~P59~733 supply means in dependence on the level of hydrolysis product in the storage tank 48~ To this end, the level of hydrolysis product in the storage tank 48 is measured by a sensor 142 and a representative signal is fed via a line 143 to a con- -troller 1~4 which, by way of a signal line 145 r produces a con-trol signal for the control of the valve 58 in the line 57 be-tween the hot water tank 59 and the extraction vessel 41.
The speed of rotation of the removal means 66 is ad-justed for a g~ven apparatus capacity ! i.e. raw material through-10. put. For this purpose,a controller 146(Figs, 1 and 4) is used tokeep the removal means drive motor 70 at the value to which the speed has been set.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 5, the level of the hot water in the extraction vessel 41 is determined by the level of the 15. orifice of the overflow conduit 81. This level is adjustable by the presence of the flexible intermediate conduit 80. Thus, assuming ~ull ~low~ the hot water level can be maintained con-stant a~ a giv~n level.
Venting and reaction (hydrolysis) take place at about 20. 100C and atmospheric pressure. Under these conditions, hydrolysis is complete after about 30 to 4~ minutes. The time required for the column of raw material to flow through the extraction vessel ~1 is about 3 hours, The hot water fed to the extraction vessel 41 from the tank 59 has a temperature of about 90C.
25. The apparatus is not restricted to the processing of xylan-containing raw materials, such as beech chips, for the production of xylose, but is, of course, also applicable to the production of other sugars, and generally to the production of sugars ~rom hemicellulose-containing raw materials.
30.
~ 4r~
Claims (12)
1. An apparatus for the continuous production of sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw materials comprising a venting vessel for receiving a flow of the raw material and steam;
an impregnating vessel below said venting vessel for impregnating the flow of raw material with acid;
a reaction vessel below said impregnating vessel for steam-heating the flow of the acid-impregnating raw material to hydrolyze the raw material;
a conveyor in said impregnating vessel for conveying the acid-impregnated raw material from said impregnating vessel to said reaction vessel; and an extraction vessel below said reaction vessel for passing hot water in counter-flow to the hydrolyzed raw material to extract a sugar from the hydrolyzed raw material and form a hydrolysis product of the hot water and extracted sugar.
an impregnating vessel below said venting vessel for impregnating the flow of raw material with acid;
a reaction vessel below said impregnating vessel for steam-heating the flow of the acid-impregnating raw material to hydrolyze the raw material;
a conveyor in said impregnating vessel for conveying the acid-impregnated raw material from said impregnating vessel to said reaction vessel; and an extraction vessel below said reaction vessel for passing hot water in counter-flow to the hydrolyzed raw material to extract a sugar from the hydrolyzed raw material and form a hydrolysis product of the hot water and extracted sugar.
2. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said conveyor is a screw conveyor extending between a bottom zone of said impregnating vessel and a top zone of said reaction vessel on an inclined angle to convey the impreg-nated raw material upwardly from said bottom zone to said top zone.
3. An apparatus as set forth in claim 2 wherein a bottom zone of said reaction vessel and a top zone of said extraction vessel form an annular chamber wherein the speed of the upward flow of the hydrolysis product is less than the speed of sedimentation of the extracted sugar.
4. An apparatus as set forth in claim 3 which further comprises an overflow means in liquid-communication with said extraction vessel for maintaining a constant level of hot water in said extraction vessel.
5. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 which further comprises a steam flow connection between a top zone of said reaction vessel and a botton zone of said venting vessel.
6. An apparatus for the continuous production of sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw materials com-prising a venting vessel for receiving a flow of comminuted raw material containing hemi-cellulose;
first means for supplying steam into said venting vessel to penetrate into the pore system of the raw material;
an impregnating vessel below said venting vessel for receiving and impregnating the flow of steam heated raw material with acid;
means for supplying acid into said impregnating vessel;
a reaction vessel below said impregnating vessel for receiving the acid-impregnated raw material;
second means for supplying steam into said reaction vessel to hydrolyze the raw material;
a conveyor within said impregnated vessel for conveying the acid-impregnated raw material from said impre-nation vessel to said reaction vessel;
an extraction vessel below said reaction vessel for receiving the hydrolyzed raw material;
means for supplying hot water to said extrac-tion vessel in counterflow to the flow of hydrolyzed raw material to extract a sugar from the hydrolyzed raw material and form a hydrolysis product in the hot water and extracted sugar; and a storage tank connected to said extraction vessel to receive and store the hydrolysis product.
first means for supplying steam into said venting vessel to penetrate into the pore system of the raw material;
an impregnating vessel below said venting vessel for receiving and impregnating the flow of steam heated raw material with acid;
means for supplying acid into said impregnating vessel;
a reaction vessel below said impregnating vessel for receiving the acid-impregnated raw material;
second means for supplying steam into said reaction vessel to hydrolyze the raw material;
a conveyor within said impregnated vessel for conveying the acid-impregnated raw material from said impre-nation vessel to said reaction vessel;
an extraction vessel below said reaction vessel for receiving the hydrolyzed raw material;
means for supplying hot water to said extrac-tion vessel in counterflow to the flow of hydrolyzed raw material to extract a sugar from the hydrolyzed raw material and form a hydrolysis product in the hot water and extracted sugar; and a storage tank connected to said extraction vessel to receive and store the hydrolysis product.
7. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises a housing supporting said extraction vessel thereon, a removal means mounted on said housing below said extraction vessel to receive and remove the residue of raw material from said extraction vessel, means for supplying hot water to said removal means to entrain the residue of raw material for discharge, an outflow conduit for removing the entrained residue from said removal means and means for separating the water and entrained residue for re-cycling of the water to said removal means.
8. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 wherein said first means includes a steam tank and conduits connecting said steam tank with a bottom zone of said reaction vessel and said second means includes an annular chamber between said impregnating vessel and said reaction vessel, and conduits connecting said chamber with said venting vessel.
9. An apparatus as set forth in claim 8 which further comprises means for measuring the steam temperature in said venting vessel and said reaction vessel to control the amount of steam flowing from said tank to said reaction vessel and said venting vessel.
10. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises means for maintaining a constant level of acid in said venting vessel and impregnating vessel.
11. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises means for controlling the speed of said con-veyor in dependence on the level of raw material in said reaction vessel.
12. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises means for controlling said means for supplying hot water in dependence on the level of hydrolysis product in said storage tank.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1599974A CH585794A5 (en) | 1974-12-03 | 1974-12-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1059733A true CA1059733A (en) | 1979-08-07 |
Family
ID=4413683
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA240,898A Expired CA1059733A (en) | 1974-12-03 | 1975-12-02 | Apparatus for the production of sugars from hemi-cellulose-containing raw materials |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4023982A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1059733A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH585794A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2458386C3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI58655C (en) |
| NL (1) | NL164093C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE425406B (en) |
Families Citing this family (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH622029A5 (en) * | 1976-07-01 | 1981-03-13 | Sulzer Ag | |
| GB1548500A (en) * | 1977-05-17 | 1979-07-18 | Inst Voor Bewaring | Process for obtaining xylose by hydrolysis of residues of annuals |
| US4279663A (en) * | 1979-01-12 | 1981-07-21 | American Can Company | Reactor system and pump apparatus therein |
| US4201596A (en) * | 1979-01-12 | 1980-05-06 | American Can Company | Continuous process for cellulose saccharification |
| US4205673A (en) * | 1979-02-05 | 1980-06-03 | Mine Safety Appliances Company | Breathing apparatus with an automatic firing mechanism |
| US4237226A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1980-12-02 | Trustees Of Dartmouth College | Process for pretreating cellulosic substrates and for producing sugar therefrom |
| CA1173380A (en) * | 1980-02-19 | 1984-08-28 | Michael I. Sherman | Acid hydrolysis of biomass for ethanol production |
| DE3048802A1 (en) * | 1980-12-23 | 1982-07-08 | Werner & Pfleiderer, 7000 Stuttgart | METHOD FOR THE HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS TO GLUCOSE AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
| US4370172A (en) * | 1981-03-17 | 1983-01-25 | Compagnie De Construction Mecanique Sulzer, French Societe Anonyme | Controlled vortex pump feed for supplying cellulose-containing material to reaction vessel |
| US4831127A (en) * | 1983-07-12 | 1989-05-16 | Sbp, Inc. | Parenchymal cell cellulose and related materials |
| NZ209527A (en) * | 1984-09-13 | 1988-10-28 | Jack Tama Haigh Just | Process for the continuous hydrolysis of cellulose-containing material |
| FR2655661B1 (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1994-06-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | PROCESS AND UNIT FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF A SUGAR MIXTURE CONTAINING AT LEAST 80% XYLOSE FROM A LIGNOCELLULOSIC SUBSTRATE. |
| FR2656000B1 (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1992-04-24 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | CONTINUOUS AND UNDER PRESSURE IMPREGNATION AND HYDROLYSIS REACTOR OF THE LIGNOCELLULOSIC SUBSTRATE, PROCESS AND UNIT FOR PRODUCING A MIXTURE OF SUGARS BASED ON XYLOSE. |
| US5338366A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1994-08-16 | Kamyr, Inc. | Acid pre-hydrolysis reactor system |
| US7812153B2 (en) * | 2004-03-11 | 2010-10-12 | Rayonier Products And Financial Services Company | Process for manufacturing high purity xylose |
| US7815876B2 (en) | 2006-11-03 | 2010-10-19 | Olson David A | Reactor pump for catalyzed hydrolytic splitting of cellulose |
| US7815741B2 (en) | 2006-11-03 | 2010-10-19 | Olson David A | Reactor pump for catalyzed hydrolytic splitting of cellulose |
| JP4524351B2 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2010-08-18 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Organic raw material production system and method using biomass raw material |
| JP4427583B2 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2010-03-10 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Biothermal decomposition apparatus and method for biomass, and organic raw material production system using biomass raw material |
| CA2638160C (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2015-02-17 | Sunopta Bioprocess Inc. | Method and apparatus for conveying a cellulosic feedstock |
| CA2638150C (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2012-03-27 | Sunopta Bioprocess Inc. | Method and apparatus for conveying a cellulosic feedstock |
| US9127325B2 (en) | 2008-07-24 | 2015-09-08 | Abengoa Bioenergy New Technologies, Llc. | Method and apparatus for treating a cellulosic feedstock |
| CA2650919C (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2014-04-22 | Sunopta Bioprocess Inc. | Method and apparatus for conveying a cellulosic feedstock |
| CA2638157C (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2013-05-28 | Sunopta Bioprocess Inc. | Method and apparatus for conveying a cellulosic feedstock |
| CA2638159C (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2012-09-11 | Sunopta Bioprocess Inc. | Method and apparatus for treating a cellulosic feedstock |
| US8915644B2 (en) | 2008-07-24 | 2014-12-23 | Abengoa Bioenergy New Technologies, Llc. | Method and apparatus for conveying a cellulosic feedstock |
| CA2650913C (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2013-10-15 | Sunopta Bioprocess Inc. | Method and apparatus for conveying a cellulosic feedstock |
| WO2011028554A1 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2011-03-10 | Abengoa Bioenergy New Technologies, Inc. | Method for producing ethanol and co-products from cellulosic biomass |
| WO2011111189A1 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2011-09-15 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Biomass hydrothermal decomposition device, temperature control method therefor, and system for manufacturing an organic feedstock from a biomass feedstock |
| JP5854586B2 (en) | 2010-07-06 | 2016-02-09 | 三菱重工メカトロシステムズ株式会社 | Fermentation system and method using sugar solution |
| US9850511B2 (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2017-12-26 | Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Environmental Solutions, Ltd. | Biomass processing system and saccharide-solution production method using biomass material |
| BRPI1009203B1 (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2020-10-06 | Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Environmental Solutions, Ltd. | BIOMASS HYDROTHERMAL DECOMPOSITION SYSTEM AND SACARIDE SOLUTION PRODUCTION METHOD USING BIOMASS MATERIAL |
| BRPI1005516B1 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2019-12-03 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | biomass decomposition apparatus |
| CA2791665C (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2016-03-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Mechatronics Systems, Ltd. | Saccharide-solution producing apparatus, fermentation system, saccharide-solution producing method, and fermentation method |
| US9315840B2 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2016-04-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Mechatronics Systems, Ltd. | Biomass processing system, saccharide solution production method using biomass feedstock, alcohol production method |
| JP5999759B2 (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2016-09-28 | 月島機械株式会社 | Biomass processing method |
| SE538725C2 (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-11-01 | Valmet Oy | Steam separation unit and hydrolysis process system comprising a steam separation unit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2508884A (en) * | 1945-07-26 | 1950-05-23 | Herong Andre | Hydrolysis tower |
| US2739086A (en) * | 1952-06-14 | 1956-03-20 | Tennessee Coal & Iron Division | Method and apparatus for hydrolyzing cellulosic materials |
| US2801939A (en) * | 1955-04-04 | 1957-08-06 | Tennessee Valley Authority | Hydrolysis of hemicellulose and alphacellulose to produce sugar |
| US3251716A (en) * | 1964-05-28 | 1966-05-17 | Allied Chem | Hydrolysis of lignocellulose materials with concentrated hydrochloric acid |
| US3479248A (en) * | 1965-07-30 | 1969-11-18 | Ledoga Spa | Process for solubilizing the hemicellulose of vegetable materials and for recovering the sugars from the solubilized hemicellulose |
| DE1567335C3 (en) * | 1967-10-17 | 1979-03-29 | Rudolf Dipl.-Ing. 8000 Muenchen Eickemeyer | Process and device for the chemical digestion of cellulosic material |
| US3523911A (en) * | 1969-02-26 | 1970-08-11 | Harald F Funk | Method of separating components of cellulosic material |
-
1974
- 1974-12-03 CH CH1599974A patent/CH585794A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-12-10 DE DE2458386A patent/DE2458386C3/en not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-01-30 NL NL7501121.A patent/NL164093C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-11-20 FI FI753276A patent/FI58655C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-11-28 SE SE7513441A patent/SE425406B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-12-01 US US05/636,743 patent/US4023982A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1975-12-02 CA CA240,898A patent/CA1059733A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI753276A (en) | 1976-06-04 |
| NL164093C (en) | 1980-11-17 |
| DE2458386B2 (en) | 1978-12-21 |
| DE2458386A1 (en) | 1976-06-10 |
| NL7501121A (en) | 1976-06-08 |
| US4023982A (en) | 1977-05-17 |
| NL164093B (en) | 1980-06-16 |
| SE425406B (en) | 1982-09-27 |
| FI58655C (en) | 1981-03-10 |
| SE7513441L (en) | 1976-06-04 |
| DE2458386C3 (en) | 1979-09-06 |
| CH585794A5 (en) | 1977-03-15 |
| FI58655B (en) | 1980-11-28 |
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