CA1056655A - Pressure-adhesive sheet materials, complementary transfer materials and methods - Google Patents
Pressure-adhesive sheet materials, complementary transfer materials and methodsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1056655A CA1056655A CA219,272A CA219272A CA1056655A CA 1056655 A CA1056655 A CA 1056655A CA 219272 A CA219272 A CA 219272A CA 1056655 A CA1056655 A CA 1056655A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- pressure
- layer
- latent
- correction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J29/00—Details of, or accessories for, typewriters or selective printing mechanisms not otherwise provided for
- B41J29/26—Devices, non-fluid media or methods for cancelling, correcting errors, underscoring or ruling
- B41J29/36—Devices, non-fluid media or methods for cancelling, correcting errors, underscoring or ruling for cancelling or correcting errors by overprinting
- B41J29/373—Devices, non-fluid media or methods for cancelling, correcting errors, underscoring or ruling for cancelling or correcting errors by overprinting sheet media bearing an adhesive layer effective to lift off wrongly typed characters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/914—Transfer or decalcomania
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure Pressure-adhesive correction sheets and ribbons which carry a latent adhesive layer which has a surface which is not sticky to the touch but which becomes sticky in areas subjected to applied imaging pressure. The present materials are used for the impact-removal of erroneous images from a copy sheet, which images consist of complementary transfer composition applied by means of a complementary transfer element, including split imaging ribbons carrying both said complementary transfer composition and said latent adhesive correction composition.
Description
~l9-A
Several ~ethods are known for the correctiun of typed errors. The most common method9 other than using rubber erasers, is the masking method whereby the erroneous image is overstruck using a white transfer composition which transfers -to the surface of the erroneous image and blends with the ~hite color of the paper to mask the erroneous image ~rom view. Therea~ter the correct image is typed over the masked image. The masking method -~is unsatisfac-tory in cases where the copy paper is other than white and a~so in cases where the copy paper or sheet is highly lQ translucent or is transparent. Also in cases where the copy sheet is reproduced by methods su-oh as infrared duplication9 the masked erroneous image may be duplicated on the copy together with the correct image as an illegible combined image.
Another method proposed years ago in Baldwin U.S. Patent 1,183~424 and more recently in Korb et al UOS. Patent 3,724~633 (IBM) relates to the use of an adhesive ribbon to pick erroneous typed images from a copy sheet. The method is in current commercial use and is similar -to the masking method to the extent that the erroneous image is overstruck using the appropriate type key. However, instead of interposing a ribbon carrying a transferable masking coating, one interposes a ribbon carrying a sticky adhesive coating, similar to Scotch tape. The sticky ribbon is retained spaced from the copy sheet to be corrected ~xcept i~ Lmpressed areafi which adhere to the errone~us image and lift the erroneous image from the copy sheet when typing pressure is released. Thereafter the correct image is -typed in place of the removed image. Preferably this method is used in associatio~ ~ith imaging compositions which are dry and ;~
substantially free of oils and dissolved dyes which can migrate into the copy paper and stain the paper ~ibers.
While such adhesive correction ribbons are in current commercial use, they do present important problems. Such adhesive ;, . .
~19-A
ribbons must be mounted on specia~spools and tensioned and moved using special mechanlsms which must be built into the typewriter in addition to the spools and mechanisms present in every typewriter for the support and movement of the imaging ribbon.
Thus a special typewriter is required. Also, it is not possible to use such adhesive coa-tings on con~rentional spli-t correction ribbons in place of the masking coating, such as in the ribbons of U.S. Patent 3t664,869, because it is not possible to evenly wind a ribbon on a spool if one-half the width of the ribbon is sticky and the other half is not~ Also, the sticky half o~ the ribbon will tend to stick to the conventional ribbon guides, the uneven amount of tension required to pull the sticky and non-sticky halves of the ribbon from the spool will cause breakage of the ribbon, and unless the ribbon is rewound perfectly even on the take-up spool, the sticky half of the ribbon will overlap - -with portions of the imaging half of the ribbon and will pull the latter from the foundation when the ribbon travel is reversed for reuse. ~ ;
Finally~ it is not possible to use such sticky adhesive coatings on correction t~bs or sheets of the type used ~or masking compositions. If the sticky coating is placed against an imaged copy sheet, as done with masking tabs and sheets, the sticky coating will adhere to the copy sheet and will pick off ~11 of the images which it contacts rather than selectively picking o~f the erroneous image.
It is the principal object of the present invention to provide a novel correction element carrying a latent adhesive coating which is not sticky to the touch and will not adhere to itself but which is capable of being rendered sticky and adhesi~e by the application of imaging pressure thereto, such as typing pressure.
It is another obJect o~ this invention to provide
Several ~ethods are known for the correctiun of typed errors. The most common method9 other than using rubber erasers, is the masking method whereby the erroneous image is overstruck using a white transfer composition which transfers -to the surface of the erroneous image and blends with the ~hite color of the paper to mask the erroneous image ~rom view. Therea~ter the correct image is typed over the masked image. The masking method -~is unsatisfac-tory in cases where the copy paper is other than white and a~so in cases where the copy paper or sheet is highly lQ translucent or is transparent. Also in cases where the copy sheet is reproduced by methods su-oh as infrared duplication9 the masked erroneous image may be duplicated on the copy together with the correct image as an illegible combined image.
Another method proposed years ago in Baldwin U.S. Patent 1,183~424 and more recently in Korb et al UOS. Patent 3,724~633 (IBM) relates to the use of an adhesive ribbon to pick erroneous typed images from a copy sheet. The method is in current commercial use and is similar -to the masking method to the extent that the erroneous image is overstruck using the appropriate type key. However, instead of interposing a ribbon carrying a transferable masking coating, one interposes a ribbon carrying a sticky adhesive coating, similar to Scotch tape. The sticky ribbon is retained spaced from the copy sheet to be corrected ~xcept i~ Lmpressed areafi which adhere to the errone~us image and lift the erroneous image from the copy sheet when typing pressure is released. Thereafter the correct image is -typed in place of the removed image. Preferably this method is used in associatio~ ~ith imaging compositions which are dry and ;~
substantially free of oils and dissolved dyes which can migrate into the copy paper and stain the paper ~ibers.
While such adhesive correction ribbons are in current commercial use, they do present important problems. Such adhesive ;, . .
~19-A
ribbons must be mounted on specia~spools and tensioned and moved using special mechanlsms which must be built into the typewriter in addition to the spools and mechanisms present in every typewriter for the support and movement of the imaging ribbon.
Thus a special typewriter is required. Also, it is not possible to use such adhesive coa-tings on con~rentional spli-t correction ribbons in place of the masking coating, such as in the ribbons of U.S. Patent 3t664,869, because it is not possible to evenly wind a ribbon on a spool if one-half the width of the ribbon is sticky and the other half is not~ Also, the sticky half o~ the ribbon will tend to stick to the conventional ribbon guides, the uneven amount of tension required to pull the sticky and non-sticky halves of the ribbon from the spool will cause breakage of the ribbon, and unless the ribbon is rewound perfectly even on the take-up spool, the sticky half of the ribbon will overlap - -with portions of the imaging half of the ribbon and will pull the latter from the foundation when the ribbon travel is reversed for reuse. ~ ;
Finally~ it is not possible to use such sticky adhesive coatings on correction t~bs or sheets of the type used ~or masking compositions. If the sticky coating is placed against an imaged copy sheet, as done with masking tabs and sheets, the sticky coating will adhere to the copy sheet and will pick off ~11 of the images which it contacts rather than selectively picking o~f the erroneous image.
It is the principal object of the present invention to provide a novel correction element carrying a latent adhesive coating which is not sticky to the touch and will not adhere to itself but which is capable of being rendered sticky and adhesi~e by the application of imaging pressure thereto, such as typing pressure.
It is another obJect o~ this invention to provide
- 2 -~35~
cooperative elements adapted Eor cooperate use, one element co~prising a pressure-sensitive ~ransfer element carrying a transfer composition and the other element comprising a correctlon element having a latent adhesive composition adapted to remove images formed from such transfer composition ; under the effects of typing pressure.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a novel split imaging ribbon, one-half the width of ~hich is coated with a special imaging composition and the o~her half width o which is coated wi~h a complementary latent adhesive composition adapted to remove images produced with said imaging composition from a copy sheet under the effects o typing ; pressure.
According to the present invention thereare provided latent adhesive ~ ;
pressure-sensitive elements comprising a flexible foundation supporting a latent adhesive layer comprising at least about 10% by weight of a soft, pressure-flowable adhesive resin and at least about 5% by weight of a particulate, inert, non-adhesive surface material containing at least about 10% of the weight thereof in the form of large particles having a greater thickness than the thickness of said adhesive layer, said adhesive resin being present adjacent said foundation and said large particles of surface material projecting beyond the surface of said layer and providing a barrier stratum which is substantially non-adhesive to the touch, said pressure-flowable adhesive resin3 at ambient temperatures, being capable of flowing through said barrier stratum under the effects of a~plied pressure to render the surface of said layer adhesive in impressed areas.
In another aspect, the invention provides process for producing latent adhesive pressure-sensitive elements comprising the steps of producing a liquid composition comprising at least 10% by weight of the solids content as a soft, pressure-flowable adhesive resin, and a~ least 5% by weight of the solids content as an inert, non-adhesive, particulate surface material, ;`
applying said liquid composition to a flexible foundation, and causing it to solidify to form a latent adhesive layer in which said aclhesive resin is present adjacent said foundation and at least lO% o the weight of said surface _ ~t~
material projects beyond the surface of said layer and provides a barri~r stratum which is substantially non-adhesive to the touch but which is penetrable by said flowable adh~sive resin, at ambient temperatures, under the effects of applied pressure.
It is a preferred embodiment of the presenlt invention to provide latent adhesive correction materials which are suff:iciently transulcent or transparen~ so that an erroneous image to be remoYed thereby can be viewed therethrough by the typis~ to insure proper alignmen~ during the co:rrection process.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the present disclosure including the drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic cross-section, to an enlarged scale, of .
an imaged copy sheet and a correction element superposed under the effect of typing pressure, Figure 2 corresponds to Figure 1 but shows the sheets separated after the release of the typing pressure, the impressed center images remaining adhered to the correction element after having been lifted off the copy sheet, Figure 3 is a plan view of a section of a split imaging-correction ribbon produced according to one embodiment of this invention~
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic plan view of a word on a copy ''.
cooperative elements adapted Eor cooperate use, one element co~prising a pressure-sensitive ~ransfer element carrying a transfer composition and the other element comprising a correctlon element having a latent adhesive composition adapted to remove images formed from such transfer composition ; under the effects of typing pressure.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a novel split imaging ribbon, one-half the width of ~hich is coated with a special imaging composition and the o~her half width o which is coated wi~h a complementary latent adhesive composition adapted to remove images produced with said imaging composition from a copy sheet under the effects o typing ; pressure.
According to the present invention thereare provided latent adhesive ~ ;
pressure-sensitive elements comprising a flexible foundation supporting a latent adhesive layer comprising at least about 10% by weight of a soft, pressure-flowable adhesive resin and at least about 5% by weight of a particulate, inert, non-adhesive surface material containing at least about 10% of the weight thereof in the form of large particles having a greater thickness than the thickness of said adhesive layer, said adhesive resin being present adjacent said foundation and said large particles of surface material projecting beyond the surface of said layer and providing a barrier stratum which is substantially non-adhesive to the touch, said pressure-flowable adhesive resin3 at ambient temperatures, being capable of flowing through said barrier stratum under the effects of a~plied pressure to render the surface of said layer adhesive in impressed areas.
In another aspect, the invention provides process for producing latent adhesive pressure-sensitive elements comprising the steps of producing a liquid composition comprising at least 10% by weight of the solids content as a soft, pressure-flowable adhesive resin, and a~ least 5% by weight of the solids content as an inert, non-adhesive, particulate surface material, ;`
applying said liquid composition to a flexible foundation, and causing it to solidify to form a latent adhesive layer in which said aclhesive resin is present adjacent said foundation and at least lO% o the weight of said surface _ ~t~
material projects beyond the surface of said layer and provides a barri~r stratum which is substantially non-adhesive to the touch but which is penetrable by said flowable adh~sive resin, at ambient temperatures, under the effects of applied pressure.
It is a preferred embodiment of the presenlt invention to provide latent adhesive correction materials which are suff:iciently transulcent or transparen~ so that an erroneous image to be remoYed thereby can be viewed therethrough by the typis~ to insure proper alignmen~ during the co:rrection process.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the present disclosure including the drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic cross-section, to an enlarged scale, of .
an imaged copy sheet and a correction element superposed under the effect of typing pressure, Figure 2 corresponds to Figure 1 but shows the sheets separated after the release of the typing pressure, the impressed center images remaining adhered to the correction element after having been lifted off the copy sheet, Figure 3 is a plan view of a section of a split imaging-correction ribbon produced according to one embodiment of this invention~
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic plan view of a word on a copy ''.
3~
.. , :
sheet containing an erroneous letter "m", and a correction tab, produced accordingr to ano-ther embodiment of this invention, held in position o~er the erroneous image preparatory to the application of typing pressure, and FIG. 5 corresponds to FIG. 4, but shows the elements separated after the application of typing pressure, the erroneous image "m" being removed from the copy sheet and being adhered to the underside of the correction tab.
The obJects and advantages o~ the present invention are aceomplished by means of our discoveryithat novel flexible sheet materials having latent pressure-adhesive properties at ambient temperatures for certain imaging compositions can be produced by applying a single layer containing at least 10% by weight of a normally adhesive soft resinous material to a flexible foundation, said layer also containing an inert, particulate surface material which is not stiGky or adhesive to the touch but which is capable of being displaced, penetrated or otherwise combined with and dominated by the adhesive material under ~he effects of applied pressure. Thus the coated sheet material has a latent adhesive surface which is not sticky or adhesive to the touch or under normal handling pressures but which is capable of becoming sticky or adhesive at ambient temperatures in desired areas by the application o~ i.maging pressures, such as typing pressures, to such areas The present materials preferably are produced as continuous sheet materials which subsequently are cut into sheet lengths, ribbons, tapes 9 tabs or other SiZ8S depending upon the manner in which the materials are to be used.
The latent adhesive correction materials of the present invzntion are produced by the application of a single l~yer to a ~lexible foundation,said layer containing both the normally tacky soft resinous adhesive base ma-terial and the non-sticky surface material and having the ability of drying or solidifying '9l9~ 5~
as a layer in ~Yhich the exposed surface consists primarily of the particulate non-sticky surface material which prevents the underlying latent adhesive material from coming into contact with the hands or with other sheets in the absence o:~ a~plied imaging pressure. Under the effects of such pressure, the latent adhesive material is ~orced around or through the surface material ~or adherence to the sur~ace against which it is impressed.
The drawing illustrates the use of the present sheet materials as image correction materials in dif~erent forms -~
Referring to the drawing, FIG. 1 illustrates an imaged copy sheet 10 and a pressure~adhesive correction ~hee~ 20 superposed under the pressure of a type bar 30. The copy sheet 10 ~ -consists of a flexible paper or plastic film sheet 11 Car~Jing solid images 12 and 13 which have been typed thereon using a film- or paper-base typewriter ribbon coated with a solvent-applied solid dry transfer composition. The correction sheet 20 consists of a ~lexible paper or plastic ~ilm sheet 21 carrying a pressure-adhesive layer 22. The pressure-adhesive layer 22 might be te~med a stratified layer in which the soft resinous adhesive base material is present primarily in a base stratum adjacent the flexible ~ounda-tion 21 while the surface stratum consists primarily of protrusions o~ non-tacky surface material such as inert resinous rnicrospheres.
The type bar ~0 carries an image type face corresponding to the erroneous center image 13 to be removed from the copy sheet 10. U~der activation of the appropriate type key9 bar 30 strikes the rear sur~ace o~ correction sheet 20 and produces an imagewise pressure contac-t between sheets 20 and 10, ~aid contact being limited to the area o~ center image 13 and the corresponding ~0 area of the pressure-adhesive layer 22~ Some o~ the so~t tacky adhesive o~ the base stratum is compressed and exuded through or beyond the no~-tacky surface stratum in ~he impressed area to -- 5 ~
provide a sticky adheslve surface in pressure contact wi~h the cente~image 13. In the non-impressed areas, -the other images 12 are in normal surface contact with the non-tacky surface stratum and do not adhere thereto.
When impact pressure is relaxed by withdrawal of the type bar 30 and the sheets 10 and 20 are se]parated, the center image 13 remains bonded to the correction layer 22 on the correction sheet 20 and is cleanly lifted off the copy sheet 10, as illustrated by image 13X in FIG. 2 of the~drawing. The copy ~heet 10 can now be reimaged in the appropriate area to substitute a correct image for the erroneous image 13 which has been removed.
FIG. 3 illustrates a split imaging-correction ribbon 35 having lengthwise stripes of pressure-adhesi~e correction composition 31 and complementary pressure-transferable imaging composition 32 which is specially ~ormulated so as to be cleanly removable from a copy sheet by means of said correction composition. The ribbon 35 has a ~lexible foundation, preferably a plastic ~ilm, and the stripes 31 and 32 pre~erably are applied to the foundation as solutions using appropriate volatile solvents and appropriate printing rollers. On drying by evaporation of the volatile solvent, the correction stripe ~1 ~orms a non-tacky surface stratum of non-tacky inert surface particles 3~.
Alte~natively, one or both of the stripes 31 and 32 may be produced on a separate foundation and cut and adhered on a common foundation to produce the structure illustrated by FIG. 3.
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate the use of a correction sheet 40 in tab form to remo~e an incorrect image 51 from a copy sheet 50 carrying correct images 52~ The tab 40 comprise~ a clear, flexible plastic film ~oundation 41 and the correction layer on the ~nderside thereo~ contains clean adhesive and projecting, non-tacky inert surface particles 42 whereby the tab 40 is sufficiently translucent or transparent that the underlying image 51 can be clearly viewed therethrough to insure proper positioning of the tab 40 against the image 51.
When the "m" key is activated on thle -typewriter, the tab 40 is pressed imagewise against the imalge 51 an~ adheres to and lifts the image 51 from the copy sheet 50 when the tab 40 is removed from the copy shee-t 5Q. The othler correct images 52 remain on the copy sheet 50.
As mentioned supra, the pressure-adhesive correction materials of the present invention comprise a ~lexible foundatiQn such as paper or plastic film carrying a unitary latent adhesive correction layer. The foundation preferably is one which does not absorb the correction layer to any substantial degree. Thus, less porous papers and treated papers such as glassine paper are preferred while normally porous papers having a resinous barrier layer supporting the correction layer are also suitable. Clear plastic ~ilms are preferred for some applications because of their strength, pressure-deformability and transparency and impervious nature. Resinous undercoatings may be used to bond the correction layer to the ~ -film foundation where necessary. Preferred films are polyethyl-ene terephthalate polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, nylon, and the like9 depending upon whether sheets3 ribbons or tabs are being produced. Generally the paper foundations are preferred for correction material sold in continuou~ tape form in a conventional correction tape dispenser ~;
provided with means ~or ~acilitating the tearing of desired lengths from the continuous tape since paper tears more easily than plastic filmsO Howe~er9 plastic film foundations may also be used for continuous tapes pro~ided that a suitable cutter is used on the dispenser, such as a metallic tearing means. On the other hand, plastic films are ge~erally preferred as fou~ldations ~919-A i{~
for correction ma-terial sold and used wlthout tearing, i.e. as ribbons, individual full sheets or tab sheets, or the like, where stren~-th and durability are i~portant.
According -to a preferred embodiment, the present correction materials are provided with a cushioning foundation which has a thickness grea-ter -than normally used to produce pressure-sensitive transfer sheets. The ob~ject is to accomplish a result which is to be avoided with ordinary transfer sheets~
i.e. a broadening of the impact pressure whereby the area of the pressure-adhesive composition which is activa-ted against the image to be corrected by removal is greater in all directions than the area of the image itself~ This insures overlapping coverage of the image to be removed and complete removal thereof. Such cushioning foundations include paper or plastic film of increased thickness, i.e. ~rom 1.5 to 5 mils, ~, laminates of paper and/or plastic films united by a resinous bonding layer, paper and/or plastic films having a soft resinous binder layer either between the film and the pressure-adhesiYe correction layer or as a back:coating on the film7 or the li~e.
This result is also accomplished to some extent by the softp pressure-flowable properties of the pressure adhesi~e composition itselP.
The correction composition is based upon a conventional soft resinous binder material which contains at least about 10%
by weight, based upon the total weight of the adhesive layer, of one or more soft, pressure flowable, tacky or sticky adhesive resins. The preferred adhesives are the viscous liquid elastomers such as the polybutenes, polyisobutylenes, polyisoprenes, polyvinyl ethers, polybutadiene and rubbery copolymers of butadiene with acrylonitrile, styrene a~d other monomers3 rosin esters, and the like. Most preferred are the Indopol polybutenes having mean molecular weights ranging from T~ t~k 319-A ~ 5 A 320 for Indopol L-lO to 2150 for Indopol H-l900, and the ~ist~ne isobutylene polymers having mean molecular weights of ~rom 8700 to 11,700.
In addi-tion to the highly adhesive resinous material, the present compositions preferably contain~ as an extender or diluent, a synthetic resinous binder material or a wax binder material ~hich is substantially less adhesive than the adhesive resinous material, i.e. it is not sticky or adhesive or is less sticky or adhesive than -the adhesive resin and is compatible -therewith~ at least at elevated temperatures, to provide a blend having the desired degree o~ tack or adheslv~ess. Preferred extenders include resins such as the polyole~ins including polyethylene and polypropylene~ polystyrene, polyvinyl butyrate, nylon~ acrylic polymers, and the like, and waxes such as carnauba, montan, microcrystalline paraffi~, beeswax, and the like. Most preferred for solvent-applied compositions are the polyeth~lene .~ .: . . . .
emulsions such as Polyethylene A-C 6 which has a mean molecular weight of 2000 and a softening point of about 220 F. I~ the case oX solvent-applied compositions, the extender resin or wax must be soluble in the same volatile solvent used to dissolve the adhesive resinous binder material9 at least at elevated temperatures. In the case o~ hot-melt compositions, the wax extender and adhesi~e resinous binder material must be meltable together at elavated temperatures.
The present latent-adhesive resinous compositions also contain a substantial amount, at least about lO~o by weight based upon the total solids content, of a non-sticky inert surface material which is a solid which is incompatible with the adhesive resin and with the extender wax or resin, i~ present, and is insoluble in the ~olatile solvent used as the coa-ting vehicle ~r has a melting point in excess of the tempe~u~e of the hot-melt composition~ The surface material contains at least 10% by rc~clevr~rk _ g _ s~
~919-A
weight of the par-ticles thereof in the form o~ particles having a size at least slightl~ grea-ter than the thickness of the dried adhesive correction layer in areas between said large particles, whereby said particles project above -the general sur~aoe of the correction layer and assist in preventing the adhesive correction layer from s-ticking to the fingers or to other sheets in the absence of imaging pressure. Sin¢e the present correction layers generally have a mean thickness o~ from abou-t ~ to 10 points (i.e. from 0.0002 to 0.001 inch) in areas between the projecting particles, then the surface material contains at least 10% and up to 100~6 by weight of the particles thereof in the form of particles having a minim~ size ranging from about 6 microns for a 2 point coating up to about 26 microns for a 10 point coating. The maximum particle size for a correction layer of any thickness appears to be about three times the mean thickness of the layer, i.e. from about 13 microns ~or a 2 point coating up to about 75 microns for a 10 point coating. Obviously the presence o~ small amounts of particles of larger size, or o~ agglomerates of particles having a larger size can be tolerated, and in fact most surface materials generally consist of a mixture o~ particles of various sizes even though they have a specifi.ed average particle size.
The pre~erred surface materials are spheres o~ polymers having an average particle size of from about 4 to 25 microns, at least loYo by weight of the particles of which have a diameter greater than the thickness o~ the adhesive layer in which they are used. Some such spheres also have a lower specific gravi-ty than -the resinous binder material, i.e. the adhesive resin or combina-tion of adhesive resin and extender resin or wax, and this appears to assist their formation of a surface stratum.
The present inert polymer spheres retain their spherical shape when dispersed in the solution or hot-melt composition containing .
i~l9~
the adhesive binder material and at leas-t 1(3% by wei~ht of the par-ticles extend above the adhesive stra-t~ of -the dr~ layer due to their size. Other smaller par-ticles may come to the surface of -the layer during d~ing or cooling of the composition on its flexible foundation or are left a-t the surface of the dry layer when the solvent is evaporated or the composition cools and -the resin binder shrinks on solidifioation~ The most preferred polymer sphere composition is Polymis ~A 12 which co~prises polyethylene spheres having an average sphere size of 12 microns (4.8 points), a melting point Gf 284 F, a specifio gravity of 0.99 and containing about 40~0 by weight of larger spheres. Also suitable are Fluon~F 170 which co~prises polytetrafluoroethylene spheres having an average sphere size of less than 5 microns (2 points), a melting point greater than 600 F and a speoific gravity of 2.28, and Polymist 5 which is similar to Fluon F 170 and has an average sphere size of 4 microns (1.6 points) and a melting point o~ about 660 F. A11 of these materials, which contain at least 10% by weight of particles greater than the average size, are commercially available as dry powders which have a whitish color and are readily dispers.ible in the solution of -the correction composition. Generally, it ~ppears that even the smaller polymer spheres are supported on each other in the pressure-adhesive layer so that at least a substantial number of the smaller spheres extend beyond the surface of the adhesive stratum and assist the larger polymer spheres in spacing the latter from contact with the hands or with adjacent sheets.
The weight ratio between the polymer spheres and the total solid composition may be varied depending upon the size and weight of the polymer spheres, the thickness of the correction layer, the degree o~ tackiness of the resinous binder material and the degree of pressure-sensitivity desired. In general~ the polymer spheres co~prise from about 5Yo to about 50% by~eight of the total ~ T~le~ ~
`919~ $ 5 composi-tion, the preferred range being from abou-t 10% to about 30%
by weight. A thick correc^tion :layer can con-ta;Ln a greater ratio of adhesive resin and ext~nder to inert non~tacky particles -than a thinner correction layer since both have the same sur~ace area -to be protected.
In place o~ the preferred polymer spheres, it is also possible to use as surface ma-terials similar amounts of other inert ~inely-divided, particulate materials which are non-sticky to the touch and which have the size requireaments discussed supra so as to ~orm a projecting sur~ace stratum when -the correction composition is applied to a flexible foundatiQn and dried. Suitable are glass beads, silica spheres, hydra-ted amorphous silica particles, starch particles, clay particles~
and the like. The weight ratio o ~eavier surface materials obviously will be on the high end of -the a~orementioned rati while the weight ratio of lighter surface materials will be on the low end o~ such ratios.
The thickness o~ the correction coating and/or of the foundation of the present invention is important in insuring its per~ormance in accomplishing the complete removal of erroneous images. The coating and/or the ~oundation must be sufficiently thick that the adhesive binder is capable of being exuded beyond the non-tacky sur~ace material and of spreading at least slightly so as to overlap the erroneous image in all directions to insure ~ts complete coverage and removal as discussed supra in connection with cushioning foundations. In this regard, it is also pre~erred to support the correction layer on a ~oundation which has good pressure de~ormability such as nylon/ polypropylene or polye-thylene. The thickness range will vary somewhat depending upon the smoothness and absorbency of the pressure-de~ormable foundation but in general the thickness ranges from a minimum thickness of abou-t 2 points (4 pounds per re~n of 3~00 ~919-A ~ S ~
sq.f-t.~ -to a maximl~ thickness of about 10 point.s (20 pounds per ream). The preferred thickness range i5 bet;ween 3 and 6 points.
The pressure-sensitive -transfer ma-terials used according -to the present invention are preferably formulated so as to provide the best possible results when used in combination wi-th the present correction materials, i.e. so as to be complementary thereto. It should be understood that the present correction materials are not suitable for the complete removal of all types of images. For instance, images formed on paper from liquid typewri-ter ribbon ink stain the paper fibers and cannot be completely removed. Also, irnages ~ormed on paper or other receptive support f`rom oil-containing hot-melt wax compositions such as by means o~ wax carbon paper or ribbon cannot be removed completely because the wax imaging composition has poor cohesion and ~ractures internally during removal rather than picking off as a whole and/or the oil present integrates with the paper and carries coloring matter therein.
The preferred pressure-sensitive transfer compositions used herein are solvent-applied compositions having a film-forming or resinous binder material and pigment and which are dry,cohesi~e and essentially free of soluble dyes which can migra-te into a paper support and for irremovable stains on the paper fibers. A preferred transfer composition contains some oil to improve the ~rangibility o~ the resînous binder material but also contains a sufficien-t amount o~ clay or other oil-absorben-t porous ~iller to bind the oil within the composition and~reven-t it from quickly migrating into the paper ~oundation. ;~
Suitable film-fo~ming or resinous binder materials include cellulosic film-formers such as ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate-butyrate, vinyl resins such as polyvinyl acetate ~nd styrene, acrylic resins such as ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, chlorinated rubber, terpene resins, and the like.
- 13 - ;
~19-A ~ 5 ~
Improved frangibility is provided by us:ing mixtures of such resins which are soluble in a common solvent bu-t which are incompatible with each in the c~mounts used so that they separate from each other upon evaporation of -the solvent, thus preven-ting excessively high internal bonding therebetween and promoting frangibilityO In -this connec-tion reference is made to Canadian Patent 866,710 which discloses suitable incompatible resinous binder mixtures. Generally, the resinous hinder material comprises from 15% to 50~o by weight of the transfer compositionO
The pigment may be any conventional solid colorant such as carbon black, milori blue, magnetic iron oxide, or the like, generally in an amount ranging between about 10% -to 40% by weight of the total dry composition.
Oils, oleaginous semi-solid materials or waxes mav be added -to improve the ~rangibility of the transfer composition provided that sufficien-t porous filler is included to absorb any such materials which tend to migrate quickly fro~ the -transfer composition into the copy paper, as disoussed supra. Thus9 liquids such as refined rapeseed oil, mineral oil, butyl stearate, semi-solids such as lanolin and hydrogenated oils, and waxes such as paraffin and carnauba can be incorporated in amounts ranging from 0% up to about 40% provided that porous fillers such as clay, talc 9 calcium carbonate, diatomaceous ear-th, silica or starch preferably are included in substantially similar amounts to absorb such materials.
The following examples are given as illus-trative and should not be considered limitative.
A latent adhesive correc-tion element is produced by co~ting a web of 2.5 mils thick polyethylene terephthalate polyes-ter film with about 24 po~ds per ream (~300 sq.ft.) of the following composition:
In~redierlts l~
Polyethylene AC 6 7 Polybu-tene H 300 7 Stabelite Ester 10 3.5 Polymist A 12 7 Naphtholi-te solvent 75.5 The Polyethylene AC 6 ex-tender (registered trademar~ for polyethylene resin having a mean molecular weight of 2000), Polybutene H 300 adhesive resin (registered trademark for adhesive bu-tene elastomer) and Stabelite Ester 10 adhesive resin ~registered trademark for a glycerol ester of hydrogenated rosin) were dissolved in 25 parts of the Naphtholite solvent (regis-tered trademark for mineral spirits) at a temperature of 220 F, using agitation~ to form a clear solution. The rest of -the solvent is then added and the solution is cooled to room temperature.
During cooling, the solution passes through a cloud point and ?
turns white and increases in viscosity due to at least a portion of the polyethylene resin coming out of solution. Next the Polymist A 12 (registered trademark for polyethylene resin spheres) is added to the solution with agitation to form a uniform mixture which is coated onto the polyester film.
~ The coated film is heated to a temperature of abou-t ; 185 F to evaporate the solvent and ~orm a dry layer. The coated film has a frosted appearance but is translucent and transpicuous, i~e. images positioned against the coated film are clearly legible therethrough. The dry layer has a weight of about 6 ~`
pounds per ream (about 3 points) and has a smooth~ non-sticky surface feel. Referring to FIG~ 1 of -the drawing, -the formed correction ~lement 20 has a plastic film foundation 21 supporting the dr~ correction layer 22.
Example 2 ;~
A latent adhesive correction element is produced by '' , coating a web of 2.0 mil polyethylene -tereph-thalate polyes-ter fllm Wi~l about 11 pounds per ream (3300 sq.f-t.) of the following hot-melt composi-tion:
~ Parts~ Jei~ht Microcrystalline paraffin wax 3.5 Carnauba wax 1.5 Stabelite Ester 10 0.5 Polybutene resin 1.0 Polymist A 12 2O0 The wax extenders and adhesive resins are heated together at a temperature of about 160 F to form a uniform hot melt~ Then the Polymist powder spheres are added and mixed uniformly therewith to form a coatable hot-melt composition which is coated onto the polyester film as a uniform layer having a thickness o~ about 6 points and cooled to form the pressure-adhesive correction element.
According to another embodiment of the present correction process 3 the correction elements used may be produced by conventional encapsulation techniques whereby the pressure-flowable adhesive resin is the water-non-miscible, emulsifiable phase and the surface material is the io~izable hydrophilic colloid material which deposits around the adhesive r~sin in the form of pressure-rupturable capsules. Reference is made herein to U.S.Patent 2,800,457 relating to suitable encapsulatlon techniques and to U~S.Patent 23986,477 relating to suitable pressure-adhesive encapsulated materials. Such materials are non-adhesive to the touch, due to the presence of the capsules which provide a non-adhesive surface casing enclosing the adhesive resin. In areas where the capsules are ruptured b~y typing pressure, the pressure-flowable adhesive resin is exposed for pressure-contact with the ~0 surface of the image to be removed. The degree o~ adhesion between -the image and its support is much weaker than the degree 39~9-~
of adhesion bet~leen the :lmage an~ the pressure-flowable adhesive res.in, ~hereby the image remains adhered to the latter ~ld separates cleanly from the su~)port or copy sheet when the correction elemen-t is separated from the la-tterJ
Ex~
~ pressure-sensitive transf`er elemen-t which is compl.ementary to the correc-tion elements o~ Examples 1 and 2 is produced by coating a web of 0.5 mil high density polyethylene film with the followirlg composition:
~a:~
Refined rapeseed oîl 5 Carbon black powder 6 Clay 4 Wetting agent 0.6 Polyvinyl acetate Polystyrene 4 Methyl ethyl ketone 79~L~ ~ -The coated film is heated in a drying tunnel to evaporate :~
the solvent and form a dry pressure-transferable imaging layer having a dry weight of about 2 pounds per ream. The ooated film :
can be cut into sheet leng-ths and/or ribbon widths~
The coated ~ilm is used in the same marmer as conventional carbon papers or typewriter ribbons to ~orm images on ordinary copy paper but such images can be cleanly and completely removed :` from the eopy paper by means of the present correction elements .
such as those produced accordirlg to Example 1 supra.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawin~, the imaged copy , paper 10, having a paper foundation 11 supporting the images 12 and 13 typed by means of the transfer elemen-t of Example~, i5 positioned against the correction elemen-t 20 of Example 1 and the erroneous image 13 to be removed is overs-truck with type bar 30 corresponding -to center image 13, the correction element 20 being ... . . . . . .
919-A ~ S
posi-tioned there`bet~een w:i-th i-ts latent aclhesive layer 2~ in surface contact with images 12 and 13. The impac-t of the type bar 30 forees the adhesive ma-terial within Layer 22 into pressure contact with erroneous image 13 to fo~n an adhesive bond therebe-tween, while the non-impressed areas of layer 22 retain a non-sticky surface which does no-t adhere to the images 12 in contaot therewith. On separation of the sheets 10 and 20, the image 1~ is completely and cleanly removed from copy sheet 10 and remains bonded to correction sheet 20 as removed image 13X, as sho~m by FIG. 2. Copy sheet 10 can be recompleted by typing a correc-t image in place of the removed image 13X using the same imaging composition.
As illustrated by FIG. 3~ a so-called split correction ribbon 35 can be prepared according to the present invention by applying adjacent stripes o~ the presen-t complementary correction composition ~1 and imaging composition 32 to a common foundation~
Gorrection composition 31 presents a non-s-ticky surface comprising the Polymist polymer spheres 33 so that the ribbon 35 can be wound on a spool in conventional manner similar to an~ other typewriter ribbon without the correction layer adhering to the back surface of the foundation, Also the split ribbon 35 can be fed within conventional ribbon guides without sticking thereto.
This is also true of the present correction ribbons which carry a full coating of latent adhesive correction composition, If desired, the present correction materials may be produced by printing the correction composition onto the continuous founda-tion web in -the form of spaced stripes or as discontinuous spaced applications so that the web may be cut into ribbons, tapesS ta~ sheets ~r other desired shapes without cutting through ~0 the pressure-adhesive layer. This is particularly advan;,ageous in the case of several plies of superposed webs or sheets which are cut simultaneously into tabs. If a cu-t is made through the ---B919-A ~ 5l~
latent adhesive layer, the cut edges o~ the tabs stick together and the tabs are di~icult -to separa-te ~rom each o-ther. However, if at leas-t one edge of each -tab is free of -the latent adhes:ive composition, -the -tabs can be separated from each other along that edge.
~ ariations and modifications may be made within the scope of the claims and portions of -the improvem~n-ts may be used without o-thers.
. . . .
.. , :
sheet containing an erroneous letter "m", and a correction tab, produced accordingr to ano-ther embodiment of this invention, held in position o~er the erroneous image preparatory to the application of typing pressure, and FIG. 5 corresponds to FIG. 4, but shows the elements separated after the application of typing pressure, the erroneous image "m" being removed from the copy sheet and being adhered to the underside of the correction tab.
The obJects and advantages o~ the present invention are aceomplished by means of our discoveryithat novel flexible sheet materials having latent pressure-adhesive properties at ambient temperatures for certain imaging compositions can be produced by applying a single layer containing at least 10% by weight of a normally adhesive soft resinous material to a flexible foundation, said layer also containing an inert, particulate surface material which is not stiGky or adhesive to the touch but which is capable of being displaced, penetrated or otherwise combined with and dominated by the adhesive material under ~he effects of applied pressure. Thus the coated sheet material has a latent adhesive surface which is not sticky or adhesive to the touch or under normal handling pressures but which is capable of becoming sticky or adhesive at ambient temperatures in desired areas by the application o~ i.maging pressures, such as typing pressures, to such areas The present materials preferably are produced as continuous sheet materials which subsequently are cut into sheet lengths, ribbons, tapes 9 tabs or other SiZ8S depending upon the manner in which the materials are to be used.
The latent adhesive correction materials of the present invzntion are produced by the application of a single l~yer to a ~lexible foundation,said layer containing both the normally tacky soft resinous adhesive base ma-terial and the non-sticky surface material and having the ability of drying or solidifying '9l9~ 5~
as a layer in ~Yhich the exposed surface consists primarily of the particulate non-sticky surface material which prevents the underlying latent adhesive material from coming into contact with the hands or with other sheets in the absence o:~ a~plied imaging pressure. Under the effects of such pressure, the latent adhesive material is ~orced around or through the surface material ~or adherence to the sur~ace against which it is impressed.
The drawing illustrates the use of the present sheet materials as image correction materials in dif~erent forms -~
Referring to the drawing, FIG. 1 illustrates an imaged copy sheet 10 and a pressure~adhesive correction ~hee~ 20 superposed under the pressure of a type bar 30. The copy sheet 10 ~ -consists of a flexible paper or plastic film sheet 11 Car~Jing solid images 12 and 13 which have been typed thereon using a film- or paper-base typewriter ribbon coated with a solvent-applied solid dry transfer composition. The correction sheet 20 consists of a ~lexible paper or plastic ~ilm sheet 21 carrying a pressure-adhesive layer 22. The pressure-adhesive layer 22 might be te~med a stratified layer in which the soft resinous adhesive base material is present primarily in a base stratum adjacent the flexible ~ounda-tion 21 while the surface stratum consists primarily of protrusions o~ non-tacky surface material such as inert resinous rnicrospheres.
The type bar ~0 carries an image type face corresponding to the erroneous center image 13 to be removed from the copy sheet 10. U~der activation of the appropriate type key9 bar 30 strikes the rear sur~ace o~ correction sheet 20 and produces an imagewise pressure contac-t between sheets 20 and 10, ~aid contact being limited to the area o~ center image 13 and the corresponding ~0 area of the pressure-adhesive layer 22~ Some o~ the so~t tacky adhesive o~ the base stratum is compressed and exuded through or beyond the no~-tacky surface stratum in ~he impressed area to -- 5 ~
provide a sticky adheslve surface in pressure contact wi~h the cente~image 13. In the non-impressed areas, -the other images 12 are in normal surface contact with the non-tacky surface stratum and do not adhere thereto.
When impact pressure is relaxed by withdrawal of the type bar 30 and the sheets 10 and 20 are se]parated, the center image 13 remains bonded to the correction layer 22 on the correction sheet 20 and is cleanly lifted off the copy sheet 10, as illustrated by image 13X in FIG. 2 of the~drawing. The copy ~heet 10 can now be reimaged in the appropriate area to substitute a correct image for the erroneous image 13 which has been removed.
FIG. 3 illustrates a split imaging-correction ribbon 35 having lengthwise stripes of pressure-adhesi~e correction composition 31 and complementary pressure-transferable imaging composition 32 which is specially ~ormulated so as to be cleanly removable from a copy sheet by means of said correction composition. The ribbon 35 has a ~lexible foundation, preferably a plastic ~ilm, and the stripes 31 and 32 pre~erably are applied to the foundation as solutions using appropriate volatile solvents and appropriate printing rollers. On drying by evaporation of the volatile solvent, the correction stripe ~1 ~orms a non-tacky surface stratum of non-tacky inert surface particles 3~.
Alte~natively, one or both of the stripes 31 and 32 may be produced on a separate foundation and cut and adhered on a common foundation to produce the structure illustrated by FIG. 3.
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate the use of a correction sheet 40 in tab form to remo~e an incorrect image 51 from a copy sheet 50 carrying correct images 52~ The tab 40 comprise~ a clear, flexible plastic film ~oundation 41 and the correction layer on the ~nderside thereo~ contains clean adhesive and projecting, non-tacky inert surface particles 42 whereby the tab 40 is sufficiently translucent or transparent that the underlying image 51 can be clearly viewed therethrough to insure proper positioning of the tab 40 against the image 51.
When the "m" key is activated on thle -typewriter, the tab 40 is pressed imagewise against the imalge 51 an~ adheres to and lifts the image 51 from the copy sheet 50 when the tab 40 is removed from the copy shee-t 5Q. The othler correct images 52 remain on the copy sheet 50.
As mentioned supra, the pressure-adhesive correction materials of the present invention comprise a ~lexible foundatiQn such as paper or plastic film carrying a unitary latent adhesive correction layer. The foundation preferably is one which does not absorb the correction layer to any substantial degree. Thus, less porous papers and treated papers such as glassine paper are preferred while normally porous papers having a resinous barrier layer supporting the correction layer are also suitable. Clear plastic ~ilms are preferred for some applications because of their strength, pressure-deformability and transparency and impervious nature. Resinous undercoatings may be used to bond the correction layer to the ~ -film foundation where necessary. Preferred films are polyethyl-ene terephthalate polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, nylon, and the like9 depending upon whether sheets3 ribbons or tabs are being produced. Generally the paper foundations are preferred for correction material sold in continuou~ tape form in a conventional correction tape dispenser ~;
provided with means ~or ~acilitating the tearing of desired lengths from the continuous tape since paper tears more easily than plastic filmsO Howe~er9 plastic film foundations may also be used for continuous tapes pro~ided that a suitable cutter is used on the dispenser, such as a metallic tearing means. On the other hand, plastic films are ge~erally preferred as fou~ldations ~919-A i{~
for correction ma-terial sold and used wlthout tearing, i.e. as ribbons, individual full sheets or tab sheets, or the like, where stren~-th and durability are i~portant.
According -to a preferred embodiment, the present correction materials are provided with a cushioning foundation which has a thickness grea-ter -than normally used to produce pressure-sensitive transfer sheets. The ob~ject is to accomplish a result which is to be avoided with ordinary transfer sheets~
i.e. a broadening of the impact pressure whereby the area of the pressure-adhesive composition which is activa-ted against the image to be corrected by removal is greater in all directions than the area of the image itself~ This insures overlapping coverage of the image to be removed and complete removal thereof. Such cushioning foundations include paper or plastic film of increased thickness, i.e. ~rom 1.5 to 5 mils, ~, laminates of paper and/or plastic films united by a resinous bonding layer, paper and/or plastic films having a soft resinous binder layer either between the film and the pressure-adhesiYe correction layer or as a back:coating on the film7 or the li~e.
This result is also accomplished to some extent by the softp pressure-flowable properties of the pressure adhesi~e composition itselP.
The correction composition is based upon a conventional soft resinous binder material which contains at least about 10%
by weight, based upon the total weight of the adhesive layer, of one or more soft, pressure flowable, tacky or sticky adhesive resins. The preferred adhesives are the viscous liquid elastomers such as the polybutenes, polyisobutylenes, polyisoprenes, polyvinyl ethers, polybutadiene and rubbery copolymers of butadiene with acrylonitrile, styrene a~d other monomers3 rosin esters, and the like. Most preferred are the Indopol polybutenes having mean molecular weights ranging from T~ t~k 319-A ~ 5 A 320 for Indopol L-lO to 2150 for Indopol H-l900, and the ~ist~ne isobutylene polymers having mean molecular weights of ~rom 8700 to 11,700.
In addi-tion to the highly adhesive resinous material, the present compositions preferably contain~ as an extender or diluent, a synthetic resinous binder material or a wax binder material ~hich is substantially less adhesive than the adhesive resinous material, i.e. it is not sticky or adhesive or is less sticky or adhesive than -the adhesive resin and is compatible -therewith~ at least at elevated temperatures, to provide a blend having the desired degree o~ tack or adheslv~ess. Preferred extenders include resins such as the polyole~ins including polyethylene and polypropylene~ polystyrene, polyvinyl butyrate, nylon~ acrylic polymers, and the like, and waxes such as carnauba, montan, microcrystalline paraffi~, beeswax, and the like. Most preferred for solvent-applied compositions are the polyeth~lene .~ .: . . . .
emulsions such as Polyethylene A-C 6 which has a mean molecular weight of 2000 and a softening point of about 220 F. I~ the case oX solvent-applied compositions, the extender resin or wax must be soluble in the same volatile solvent used to dissolve the adhesive resinous binder material9 at least at elevated temperatures. In the case o~ hot-melt compositions, the wax extender and adhesi~e resinous binder material must be meltable together at elavated temperatures.
The present latent-adhesive resinous compositions also contain a substantial amount, at least about lO~o by weight based upon the total solids content, of a non-sticky inert surface material which is a solid which is incompatible with the adhesive resin and with the extender wax or resin, i~ present, and is insoluble in the ~olatile solvent used as the coa-ting vehicle ~r has a melting point in excess of the tempe~u~e of the hot-melt composition~ The surface material contains at least 10% by rc~clevr~rk _ g _ s~
~919-A
weight of the par-ticles thereof in the form o~ particles having a size at least slightl~ grea-ter than the thickness of the dried adhesive correction layer in areas between said large particles, whereby said particles project above -the general sur~aoe of the correction layer and assist in preventing the adhesive correction layer from s-ticking to the fingers or to other sheets in the absence of imaging pressure. Sin¢e the present correction layers generally have a mean thickness o~ from abou-t ~ to 10 points (i.e. from 0.0002 to 0.001 inch) in areas between the projecting particles, then the surface material contains at least 10% and up to 100~6 by weight of the particles thereof in the form of particles having a minim~ size ranging from about 6 microns for a 2 point coating up to about 26 microns for a 10 point coating. The maximum particle size for a correction layer of any thickness appears to be about three times the mean thickness of the layer, i.e. from about 13 microns ~or a 2 point coating up to about 75 microns for a 10 point coating. Obviously the presence o~ small amounts of particles of larger size, or o~ agglomerates of particles having a larger size can be tolerated, and in fact most surface materials generally consist of a mixture o~ particles of various sizes even though they have a specifi.ed average particle size.
The pre~erred surface materials are spheres o~ polymers having an average particle size of from about 4 to 25 microns, at least loYo by weight of the particles of which have a diameter greater than the thickness o~ the adhesive layer in which they are used. Some such spheres also have a lower specific gravi-ty than -the resinous binder material, i.e. the adhesive resin or combina-tion of adhesive resin and extender resin or wax, and this appears to assist their formation of a surface stratum.
The present inert polymer spheres retain their spherical shape when dispersed in the solution or hot-melt composition containing .
i~l9~
the adhesive binder material and at leas-t 1(3% by wei~ht of the par-ticles extend above the adhesive stra-t~ of -the dr~ layer due to their size. Other smaller par-ticles may come to the surface of -the layer during d~ing or cooling of the composition on its flexible foundation or are left a-t the surface of the dry layer when the solvent is evaporated or the composition cools and -the resin binder shrinks on solidifioation~ The most preferred polymer sphere composition is Polymis ~A 12 which co~prises polyethylene spheres having an average sphere size of 12 microns (4.8 points), a melting point Gf 284 F, a specifio gravity of 0.99 and containing about 40~0 by weight of larger spheres. Also suitable are Fluon~F 170 which co~prises polytetrafluoroethylene spheres having an average sphere size of less than 5 microns (2 points), a melting point greater than 600 F and a speoific gravity of 2.28, and Polymist 5 which is similar to Fluon F 170 and has an average sphere size of 4 microns (1.6 points) and a melting point o~ about 660 F. A11 of these materials, which contain at least 10% by weight of particles greater than the average size, are commercially available as dry powders which have a whitish color and are readily dispers.ible in the solution of -the correction composition. Generally, it ~ppears that even the smaller polymer spheres are supported on each other in the pressure-adhesive layer so that at least a substantial number of the smaller spheres extend beyond the surface of the adhesive stratum and assist the larger polymer spheres in spacing the latter from contact with the hands or with adjacent sheets.
The weight ratio between the polymer spheres and the total solid composition may be varied depending upon the size and weight of the polymer spheres, the thickness of the correction layer, the degree o~ tackiness of the resinous binder material and the degree of pressure-sensitivity desired. In general~ the polymer spheres co~prise from about 5Yo to about 50% by~eight of the total ~ T~le~ ~
`919~ $ 5 composi-tion, the preferred range being from abou-t 10% to about 30%
by weight. A thick correc^tion :layer can con-ta;Ln a greater ratio of adhesive resin and ext~nder to inert non~tacky particles -than a thinner correction layer since both have the same sur~ace area -to be protected.
In place o~ the preferred polymer spheres, it is also possible to use as surface ma-terials similar amounts of other inert ~inely-divided, particulate materials which are non-sticky to the touch and which have the size requireaments discussed supra so as to ~orm a projecting sur~ace stratum when -the correction composition is applied to a flexible foundatiQn and dried. Suitable are glass beads, silica spheres, hydra-ted amorphous silica particles, starch particles, clay particles~
and the like. The weight ratio o ~eavier surface materials obviously will be on the high end of -the a~orementioned rati while the weight ratio of lighter surface materials will be on the low end o~ such ratios.
The thickness o~ the correction coating and/or of the foundation of the present invention is important in insuring its per~ormance in accomplishing the complete removal of erroneous images. The coating and/or the ~oundation must be sufficiently thick that the adhesive binder is capable of being exuded beyond the non-tacky sur~ace material and of spreading at least slightly so as to overlap the erroneous image in all directions to insure ~ts complete coverage and removal as discussed supra in connection with cushioning foundations. In this regard, it is also pre~erred to support the correction layer on a ~oundation which has good pressure de~ormability such as nylon/ polypropylene or polye-thylene. The thickness range will vary somewhat depending upon the smoothness and absorbency of the pressure-de~ormable foundation but in general the thickness ranges from a minimum thickness of abou-t 2 points (4 pounds per re~n of 3~00 ~919-A ~ S ~
sq.f-t.~ -to a maximl~ thickness of about 10 point.s (20 pounds per ream). The preferred thickness range i5 bet;ween 3 and 6 points.
The pressure-sensitive -transfer ma-terials used according -to the present invention are preferably formulated so as to provide the best possible results when used in combination wi-th the present correction materials, i.e. so as to be complementary thereto. It should be understood that the present correction materials are not suitable for the complete removal of all types of images. For instance, images formed on paper from liquid typewri-ter ribbon ink stain the paper fibers and cannot be completely removed. Also, irnages ~ormed on paper or other receptive support f`rom oil-containing hot-melt wax compositions such as by means o~ wax carbon paper or ribbon cannot be removed completely because the wax imaging composition has poor cohesion and ~ractures internally during removal rather than picking off as a whole and/or the oil present integrates with the paper and carries coloring matter therein.
The preferred pressure-sensitive transfer compositions used herein are solvent-applied compositions having a film-forming or resinous binder material and pigment and which are dry,cohesi~e and essentially free of soluble dyes which can migra-te into a paper support and for irremovable stains on the paper fibers. A preferred transfer composition contains some oil to improve the ~rangibility o~ the resînous binder material but also contains a sufficien-t amount o~ clay or other oil-absorben-t porous ~iller to bind the oil within the composition and~reven-t it from quickly migrating into the paper ~oundation. ;~
Suitable film-fo~ming or resinous binder materials include cellulosic film-formers such as ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate-butyrate, vinyl resins such as polyvinyl acetate ~nd styrene, acrylic resins such as ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, chlorinated rubber, terpene resins, and the like.
- 13 - ;
~19-A ~ 5 ~
Improved frangibility is provided by us:ing mixtures of such resins which are soluble in a common solvent bu-t which are incompatible with each in the c~mounts used so that they separate from each other upon evaporation of -the solvent, thus preven-ting excessively high internal bonding therebetween and promoting frangibilityO In -this connec-tion reference is made to Canadian Patent 866,710 which discloses suitable incompatible resinous binder mixtures. Generally, the resinous hinder material comprises from 15% to 50~o by weight of the transfer compositionO
The pigment may be any conventional solid colorant such as carbon black, milori blue, magnetic iron oxide, or the like, generally in an amount ranging between about 10% -to 40% by weight of the total dry composition.
Oils, oleaginous semi-solid materials or waxes mav be added -to improve the ~rangibility of the transfer composition provided that sufficien-t porous filler is included to absorb any such materials which tend to migrate quickly fro~ the -transfer composition into the copy paper, as disoussed supra. Thus9 liquids such as refined rapeseed oil, mineral oil, butyl stearate, semi-solids such as lanolin and hydrogenated oils, and waxes such as paraffin and carnauba can be incorporated in amounts ranging from 0% up to about 40% provided that porous fillers such as clay, talc 9 calcium carbonate, diatomaceous ear-th, silica or starch preferably are included in substantially similar amounts to absorb such materials.
The following examples are given as illus-trative and should not be considered limitative.
A latent adhesive correc-tion element is produced by co~ting a web of 2.5 mils thick polyethylene terephthalate polyes-ter film with about 24 po~ds per ream (~300 sq.ft.) of the following composition:
In~redierlts l~
Polyethylene AC 6 7 Polybu-tene H 300 7 Stabelite Ester 10 3.5 Polymist A 12 7 Naphtholi-te solvent 75.5 The Polyethylene AC 6 ex-tender (registered trademar~ for polyethylene resin having a mean molecular weight of 2000), Polybutene H 300 adhesive resin (registered trademark for adhesive bu-tene elastomer) and Stabelite Ester 10 adhesive resin ~registered trademark for a glycerol ester of hydrogenated rosin) were dissolved in 25 parts of the Naphtholite solvent (regis-tered trademark for mineral spirits) at a temperature of 220 F, using agitation~ to form a clear solution. The rest of -the solvent is then added and the solution is cooled to room temperature.
During cooling, the solution passes through a cloud point and ?
turns white and increases in viscosity due to at least a portion of the polyethylene resin coming out of solution. Next the Polymist A 12 (registered trademark for polyethylene resin spheres) is added to the solution with agitation to form a uniform mixture which is coated onto the polyester film.
~ The coated film is heated to a temperature of abou-t ; 185 F to evaporate the solvent and ~orm a dry layer. The coated film has a frosted appearance but is translucent and transpicuous, i~e. images positioned against the coated film are clearly legible therethrough. The dry layer has a weight of about 6 ~`
pounds per ream (about 3 points) and has a smooth~ non-sticky surface feel. Referring to FIG~ 1 of -the drawing, -the formed correction ~lement 20 has a plastic film foundation 21 supporting the dr~ correction layer 22.
Example 2 ;~
A latent adhesive correction element is produced by '' , coating a web of 2.0 mil polyethylene -tereph-thalate polyes-ter fllm Wi~l about 11 pounds per ream (3300 sq.f-t.) of the following hot-melt composi-tion:
~ Parts~ Jei~ht Microcrystalline paraffin wax 3.5 Carnauba wax 1.5 Stabelite Ester 10 0.5 Polybutene resin 1.0 Polymist A 12 2O0 The wax extenders and adhesive resins are heated together at a temperature of about 160 F to form a uniform hot melt~ Then the Polymist powder spheres are added and mixed uniformly therewith to form a coatable hot-melt composition which is coated onto the polyester film as a uniform layer having a thickness o~ about 6 points and cooled to form the pressure-adhesive correction element.
According to another embodiment of the present correction process 3 the correction elements used may be produced by conventional encapsulation techniques whereby the pressure-flowable adhesive resin is the water-non-miscible, emulsifiable phase and the surface material is the io~izable hydrophilic colloid material which deposits around the adhesive r~sin in the form of pressure-rupturable capsules. Reference is made herein to U.S.Patent 2,800,457 relating to suitable encapsulatlon techniques and to U~S.Patent 23986,477 relating to suitable pressure-adhesive encapsulated materials. Such materials are non-adhesive to the touch, due to the presence of the capsules which provide a non-adhesive surface casing enclosing the adhesive resin. In areas where the capsules are ruptured b~y typing pressure, the pressure-flowable adhesive resin is exposed for pressure-contact with the ~0 surface of the image to be removed. The degree o~ adhesion between -the image and its support is much weaker than the degree 39~9-~
of adhesion bet~leen the :lmage an~ the pressure-flowable adhesive res.in, ~hereby the image remains adhered to the latter ~ld separates cleanly from the su~)port or copy sheet when the correction elemen-t is separated from the la-tterJ
Ex~
~ pressure-sensitive transf`er elemen-t which is compl.ementary to the correc-tion elements o~ Examples 1 and 2 is produced by coating a web of 0.5 mil high density polyethylene film with the followirlg composition:
~a:~
Refined rapeseed oîl 5 Carbon black powder 6 Clay 4 Wetting agent 0.6 Polyvinyl acetate Polystyrene 4 Methyl ethyl ketone 79~L~ ~ -The coated film is heated in a drying tunnel to evaporate :~
the solvent and form a dry pressure-transferable imaging layer having a dry weight of about 2 pounds per ream. The ooated film :
can be cut into sheet leng-ths and/or ribbon widths~
The coated ~ilm is used in the same marmer as conventional carbon papers or typewriter ribbons to ~orm images on ordinary copy paper but such images can be cleanly and completely removed :` from the eopy paper by means of the present correction elements .
such as those produced accordirlg to Example 1 supra.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawin~, the imaged copy , paper 10, having a paper foundation 11 supporting the images 12 and 13 typed by means of the transfer elemen-t of Example~, i5 positioned against the correction elemen-t 20 of Example 1 and the erroneous image 13 to be removed is overs-truck with type bar 30 corresponding -to center image 13, the correction element 20 being ... . . . . . .
919-A ~ S
posi-tioned there`bet~een w:i-th i-ts latent aclhesive layer 2~ in surface contact with images 12 and 13. The impac-t of the type bar 30 forees the adhesive ma-terial within Layer 22 into pressure contact with erroneous image 13 to fo~n an adhesive bond therebe-tween, while the non-impressed areas of layer 22 retain a non-sticky surface which does no-t adhere to the images 12 in contaot therewith. On separation of the sheets 10 and 20, the image 1~ is completely and cleanly removed from copy sheet 10 and remains bonded to correction sheet 20 as removed image 13X, as sho~m by FIG. 2. Copy sheet 10 can be recompleted by typing a correc-t image in place of the removed image 13X using the same imaging composition.
As illustrated by FIG. 3~ a so-called split correction ribbon 35 can be prepared according to the present invention by applying adjacent stripes o~ the presen-t complementary correction composition ~1 and imaging composition 32 to a common foundation~
Gorrection composition 31 presents a non-s-ticky surface comprising the Polymist polymer spheres 33 so that the ribbon 35 can be wound on a spool in conventional manner similar to an~ other typewriter ribbon without the correction layer adhering to the back surface of the foundation, Also the split ribbon 35 can be fed within conventional ribbon guides without sticking thereto.
This is also true of the present correction ribbons which carry a full coating of latent adhesive correction composition, If desired, the present correction materials may be produced by printing the correction composition onto the continuous founda-tion web in -the form of spaced stripes or as discontinuous spaced applications so that the web may be cut into ribbons, tapesS ta~ sheets ~r other desired shapes without cutting through ~0 the pressure-adhesive layer. This is particularly advan;,ageous in the case of several plies of superposed webs or sheets which are cut simultaneously into tabs. If a cu-t is made through the ---B919-A ~ 5l~
latent adhesive layer, the cut edges o~ the tabs stick together and the tabs are di~icult -to separa-te ~rom each o-ther. However, if at leas-t one edge of each -tab is free of -the latent adhes:ive composition, -the -tabs can be separated from each other along that edge.
~ ariations and modifications may be made within the scope of the claims and portions of -the improvem~n-ts may be used without o-thers.
. . . .
Claims (14)
1. Latent adhesive pressure-sensitive elements comprising a flexible foundation supporting a latent adhesive layer compris-ing at least about 10% by weight of a soft, pressure flowable adhesive resin and at least about 5% by weight of a particulate, inert, non-adhesive surface material containing at least about 10% of the weight thereof in the form of large particles having a greater thickness than the thickness of said adhesive layer, said adhesive resin being present adjacent said foundation and said large particles of surface material projecting beyond the surface of said layer and providing a barrier stratum which is substantially non-adhesive to the touch, said pressure-flowable adhesive resin, at ambient temperatures, being capable of flowing through said barrier stratum under the effects of applied pres-sure to render the surface of said layer adhesive in impressed areas.
2. A latent adhesive element according to claim 1 in which said particulate surface material comprises polymer spheres.
3. A latent adhesive element according to claim 1 in which said layer comprises an extender binder material which is substantially less adhesive than said adhesive resin and which provides a mixture having the desired degree of adhesiveness.
4. A latent adhesive element according to claim 3 in which said extender comprises a wax and said adhesive layer is applied as a hot-melt composition.
5. A latent adhesive element according to claim 3 in which said extender comprises a resin and said adhesive layer is applied as a solvent coating.
6. A latent adhesive transfer element according to claim 1 comprising a pressure-deformable foundation having thereon a longitudinal stripe of said latent adhesive layer and an adjacent stripe of pressure-transferable imaging compo-sition, said imaging composition being imagewise pressure-transferable to a copy sheet under the effects of imaging pres-sure and said latent adhesive layer being capable of substan-tially completely removing said imagewise imaging composition from said copy sheet when impressed thereagainst with a corres-ponding imaging pressure and then separated from said copy sheet.
7. Process for producing latent adhesive pressure-sensitive elements comprising the steps of producing a liquid composition comprising at least 10% by weight of the solids con-tent as a soft, pressure-flowable adhesive resin, and at least 5% by weight of the solids content as an inert, non-adhesive, particulate surface material, applying said liquid composition to a flexible foundation, and causing it to solidify to form a latent adhesive layer in which said adhesive resin is present adjacent said foundation and at least 10% of the weight of said surface material projects beyond the surface of said layer and provides a barrier stratum which is substantially non-adhesive to the touch but which is penetrable by said flowable adhesive resin, at ambient temperatures, under the effects of applied pressure.
8. Process according to claim 7 in which said liquid composition comprises a volatile liquid solvent for said adhesive resin, and the layer is caused to solidify by evapora-tion of said solvent.
9. Process according to claim 7 in which said liquid composition also comprises an extender binder material which is substantially less adhesive than said adhesive resin and which provides a mixture having the desired degree of adhesiveness.
10. Process according to claim 9 in which said extender binder material comprises a wax, said liquid composition is a hot-melt composition and said layer is caused to solidify by cooling.
11. Process for the selective and complete removal of an erroneous typed image from a copy sheet having said image thereon in association with a multiplicity of other images typed from the same imaging composition which comprises resinous binder material and pigment, said process comprising positioning over said images a latent adhesive correction element as defined in claim 1 and typing against the back of the foundation of said correction element with a type face corresponding to the erroneous image to be removed and in a location corresponding to the posi-tion of said erroneous image to cause the latent adhesive layer of said correction element to be pressed against said erroneous image and to cause the adhesive resin to flow through the barrier layer of said correction element and adhere to said erroneous image, and separating said correction element from said copy sheet whereby said erroneous image remains adhered to the former and is stripped from the latter without the correction sheet adhering to or disturbing the other images on the copy sheet.
12. Process according to claim 11 in which the correc-tion element is sufficiently transparent that the images on the copy sheet can be read therethrough to facilitate visual segre-gation of the erroneous image.
13. Process according to claim 11 in which said latent adhesive layer comprises pressure-rupturable capsules of said surface material containing therein said pressure-flowable adhesive resin and said surface material comprises the exposed surface of said capsules.
14. Process according to claim 11 in which said surface material comprises solid particles which project beyond the surface of said pressure-flowable adhesive resin.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US43939574A | 1974-02-04 | 1974-02-04 | |
| US526127A US3924728A (en) | 1974-02-04 | 1974-11-22 | Pressure-adhesive correction materials and method for producing same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1056655A true CA1056655A (en) | 1979-06-19 |
Family
ID=27032032
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA219,272A Expired CA1056655A (en) | 1974-02-04 | 1975-02-03 | Pressure-adhesive sheet materials, complementary transfer materials and methods |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3924728A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS50122315A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7500641A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1056655A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2503640A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2259888B1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB1468472A (en) |
Families Citing this family (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4034843A (en) * | 1974-11-22 | 1977-07-12 | Columbia Ribbon And Carbon Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Split correction ribbon and method |
| US3998314A (en) * | 1975-11-13 | 1976-12-21 | Victor Barouh | Impact typewriter correction tape and method of manufacture |
| US4093772A (en) * | 1977-01-31 | 1978-06-06 | Burroughs Corporation | Pressure-activated and non-tacky lift-off element and process therefor |
| US4166706A (en) * | 1977-08-01 | 1979-09-04 | Johnson & Johnson | Lift-off tape and process |
| NL7807984A (en) * | 1977-08-01 | 1979-02-05 | Johnson & Johnson | NORMAL NON STICKY ADHESIVE TAPE AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS APPLICATION. |
| US4289670A (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-09-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Pressure sensitive correction composition and method of use |
| US4289666A (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-09-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Adhesive correction composition and method of use |
| US4547088A (en) * | 1980-06-26 | 1985-10-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Correctable thermal transfer printing ribbon |
| CH645851A5 (en) * | 1980-09-09 | 1984-10-31 | Buettner Ag Franz | RIBBON FOR GENERATING CORRECTABLE CHARACTERS. |
| US4390297A (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1983-06-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for correction of non-impact printing |
| DE3225023A1 (en) * | 1981-08-07 | 1983-02-24 | Jürgen 4005 Meerbusch Hanke | Sheet coated with a contact adhesive and container provided with a closure made of a sheet coated with a contact adhesive |
| US4396308A (en) * | 1981-08-13 | 1983-08-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ribbon guiding for thermal lift-off correction |
| US4384797A (en) * | 1981-08-13 | 1983-05-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Single laminated element for thermal printing and lift-off correction, control therefor, and process |
| US4453839A (en) * | 1982-06-15 | 1984-06-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Laminated thermal transfer medium for lift-off correction and embodiment with resistive layer composition including lubricating contact graphite coating |
| DE3239531C2 (en) * | 1982-10-26 | 1984-09-06 | RXS Schrumpftechnik-Garnituren GmbH, 5800 Hagen | Shrink sleeve or shrink tube with an adhesive coating |
| DK165628C (en) * | 1984-03-09 | 1993-05-24 | Fuji Kagaku Shikogyo | RURAL TAPE FOR MULTIPLE USE |
| JPS60196385A (en) * | 1984-03-17 | 1985-10-04 | Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd | Correction tape for printed character |
| JPS61293887A (en) * | 1985-06-17 | 1986-12-24 | Fujitsu Ltd | Production of ink sheet |
| DE3733394A1 (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-04-13 | Caribonum Ltd | PRESSURE-ACTIVATED CORRECTION TAPE AND AN AQUEOUS COATING LIQUID FOR TRAINING THE REMOVAL LAYER OF THE CORRECTION TAPE |
| US5231118A (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1993-07-27 | Caribonum Limited | Pressure-activatable correcting tape and aqueous coating liquid for forming the lift-off layer of the correction tape |
| DE3741022C3 (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1994-12-22 | Pelikan Ag | Multilayer, flexible transfer belt |
| US4968371A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1990-11-06 | The Gillette Company | Method for removing a marking from a surface |
| US4967210A (en) * | 1989-09-22 | 1990-10-30 | Dp Tek, Inc. | Dry transfer lettering system and method |
| US5266381A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1993-11-30 | William Simon | Dry-transfers in the shape of eyes for touching up photographs |
| US5492425A (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 1996-02-20 | Joe Carter Enterprises | Applicator for grip-enhancing substances |
| US5569515A (en) * | 1994-09-12 | 1996-10-29 | Moore Business Forms, Inc. | Printable linerless label and method for making same |
| EP1372961B1 (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2007-09-19 | Appleton Papers Inc. | System and method for rupturing encapsulated adhesive in sheet media |
| US6830645B2 (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2004-12-14 | Appleton Papers Inc. | System and method for rupturing encapsulated adhesive in sheet media |
| GB2453308B (en) | 2007-10-03 | 2012-07-25 | Acell Group Ltd | Composite products |
| JP7219943B2 (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2023-02-09 | 株式会社トンボ鉛筆 | pressure sensitive transfer correction tape |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1183424A (en) * | 1915-08-12 | 1916-05-16 | John H Baldwin | Erasing attachment for writing-machines. |
| US2572458A (en) * | 1944-05-18 | 1951-10-23 | Kendall & Co | Pressure-sensitive adhesive tape |
| US2576968A (en) * | 1945-02-28 | 1951-12-04 | Ind Tape Corp | Pressure-sensitive adhesives |
| US2575265A (en) * | 1949-12-17 | 1951-11-13 | Goodrich Co B F | Adhesive composition and method of making |
| US2836152A (en) * | 1955-01-19 | 1958-05-27 | Rose Ribbon & Carbon Mfg Co In | Means for correcting hectographic master sheets |
| US3027271A (en) * | 1957-12-03 | 1962-03-27 | Oliver Machinery Co | Pressure sensitive adhesive sheet material having a protective coating of heat removable material |
| US2986477A (en) * | 1958-06-19 | 1961-05-30 | Ncr Co | Adhesive tape |
| US3121021A (en) * | 1960-04-18 | 1964-02-11 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Breathable surgical adhesive tapes |
| US3189581A (en) * | 1961-06-05 | 1965-06-15 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Pressure sensitive adhesives comprising interpolymers of alkylacrylates, vinyl esters and n-alkoxyalkyl acrylamides |
| US3330791A (en) * | 1963-12-16 | 1967-07-11 | Reeves Bros Inc | Microporous inking compositions |
| GB1095339A (en) * | 1964-07-30 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| JPS432380Y1 (en) * | 1965-02-01 | 1968-01-31 | ||
| US3531316A (en) * | 1966-11-07 | 1970-09-29 | Brady Co W H | Anti-blocking overcoating composition for adhesives |
| DE6902468U (en) * | 1968-01-24 | 1969-09-25 | Abrogio Cuneo | TYPEWRITER TAPE ALSO FOR CORRECTING TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS |
| US3535295A (en) * | 1969-01-06 | 1970-10-20 | Nat Starch Chem Corp | Pressure sensitive adhesive compositions comprising higher alkyl amines |
| US3650794A (en) * | 1970-06-19 | 1972-03-21 | Richard L Steinbach | Correction accessory for hectographic stencils |
| US3724633A (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1973-04-03 | Ibm | Feed system for an adhesive ribbon or the like |
-
1974
- 1974-11-22 US US526127A patent/US3924728A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-01-29 DE DE19752503640 patent/DE2503640A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-01-31 BR BR641/75A patent/BR7500641A/en unknown
- 1975-01-31 GB GB3389676A patent/GB1468472A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-01-31 GB GB439975A patent/GB1468471A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-02-03 JP JP50014762A patent/JPS50122315A/ja active Pending
- 1975-02-03 CA CA219,272A patent/CA1056655A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-02-04 FR FR7503470A patent/FR2259888B1/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3924728A (en) | 1975-12-09 |
| GB1468471A (en) | 1977-03-30 |
| JPS50122315A (en) | 1975-09-25 |
| DE2503640A1 (en) | 1975-08-07 |
| FR2259888A1 (en) | 1975-08-29 |
| GB1468472A (en) | 1977-03-30 |
| AU7750475A (en) | 1976-07-22 |
| FR2259888B1 (en) | 1979-07-06 |
| BR7500641A (en) | 1975-11-11 |
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