CA1052659A - Pressure responsive valve structure - Google Patents
Pressure responsive valve structureInfo
- Publication number
- CA1052659A CA1052659A CA223,139A CA223139A CA1052659A CA 1052659 A CA1052659 A CA 1052659A CA 223139 A CA223139 A CA 223139A CA 1052659 A CA1052659 A CA 1052659A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- duct
- pressure
- terminations
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K7/00—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves
- F16K7/12—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with flat, dished, or bowl-shaped diaphragm
- F16K7/14—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with flat, dished, or bowl-shaped diaphragm arranged to be deformed against a flat seat
- F16K7/17—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with flat, dished, or bowl-shaped diaphragm arranged to be deformed against a flat seat the diaphragm being actuated by fluid pressure
Abstract
PRESSURE RESPONSIVE VALVE STRUCTURE
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A novel pressure responsive valve structure is provided, which includes a housing having at least one aperture for enabling communication between the interior and exterior of the housing. A first duct, for carrying fluid to the valve, terminates within the housing, and a second duct, for carrying fluid from the valve, also terminates within the housing. A diaphragm is affixed in the interior of the housing between the aperture and the duct terminations. The diaphragm is moveable to cover the terminations when the pressure at the aperture exceeds the pressure in the ducts, and is moveable from off the terminations when the pressure in the ducts exceeds the pressure at the aperture.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A novel pressure responsive valve structure is provided, which includes a housing having at least one aperture for enabling communication between the interior and exterior of the housing. A first duct, for carrying fluid to the valve, terminates within the housing, and a second duct, for carrying fluid from the valve, also terminates within the housing. A diaphragm is affixed in the interior of the housing between the aperture and the duct terminations. The diaphragm is moveable to cover the terminations when the pressure at the aperture exceeds the pressure in the ducts, and is moveable from off the terminations when the pressure in the ducts exceeds the pressure at the aperture.
Description
105;~659 - ::
PRESSURE: RESPONSIVE VALVE STRUCTURE
, This invention relates to a valve structure whose operation is controlled, in part, by a reference pressure.
Fluid control valves, of course, have long been used for a variety of purposes and in a variety of en-vironments and systems. For example, artific1al kidney systems typically employ one or more valves to control the flow of blood from a patient to a dialyzer and then back to the patient. Such systems generally use a so-called double-needle cannula to withdraw the blood from the patient through one needle and return the blood ~o the patient through th~ other needle. Although single-needle cannulas have been used in some instances, rather complicated and cumbersome solenoid valves have been required to control the flow of blood through the needle so that the blood alternately flows from the patient through the needle and then through the needle to the patient. The porta~ility of such artificial kidney systems, and other systems, could e enhanced considerably if a more simple lightweight and compact fluid control valve structure were available.
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105'~f~59 - 2-An aim of the invention is to provide a fluid control valve which is suitable for incorporation into a single-needle cannula to control the flow of blood therethrough.
In a specific illustrative embodiment of the invention, S the fluid control valve includes a housing definir.g a chamber, with the housing having an aperture to enable , communication between the chamber and a reference pressure source. First and second ducts extend from the exterior of the housing to terminate within the chæmber. A diaphragm is affixed in the chamber between the aperture and the duct terminations and is moveable to cover the terminations when the re~erence pressure exceeds the pressure in the ducts, to thereby p event the flow of fluid from either duct to the other. When the pressure in the ducts exceeds the reference pressure, the diaphragm moves away from the terminations to allow the flow of fluid from either duct to the other.
In accordance with the invention there is provided a pressure responsive valve comprising a housing defining a chamber, said housing having at least one aperture , therein to enable communication between the chamber and a reference pressure source, first duct means, one e~ of :~i `~ which terminates within said chamber, second duct means, ., ~ .
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one! end of which terminates within said chamber, and first diaphragm means affixed in said chamber between said aperture and the terminations of said duct means and being moveable to cover the terminations when the reference pressure exceeds the pressure in the ducts to thereby prevent the flow of fluid from either duct to the other, and being moveable away from the terminations when the pressure in the ducts exceeds the reference pressure I -to thereby allow the flow of fluid from either duct to the other. The valve of the invention may further comprise second diaphragm means affixed to the exterior of said housing over said aperture to prevent communication between the chamber and the reference pressure source, and I second diaphragm means may be moveable conjointly with Sj 15 the first diaphragm means.
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, Each of the duct means may terminate a `~ valve wherein each of said duct means may terminate in a substantially flat plane, ;~ and the first diaphragm means may include a rigid, ~0 substantially flat portion for contacting and covering the duct terminations when the reference pressure exceeds : the pressure in the ducts.
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iO5'~6S'3 4 _ In an alternate contruction of the pressure responsive valve in accordance with the invention, the valve comprises a housing defining a charnber, first diaphragm means affixed in said chamber ~o divide said chamber into first and second :~
compartments, said housing having at least one aperture therein to enable communication between the firstcompart- `
~ ment of the chamber and a reference pressure source, first .~ and second duct means, one end or each of which terminates within the second compartment of the ch~mber, and said first diaphragm means including a.stem extendiny therefrom .' into the second compartment of the chamber, and a plate affixed on the end of the stem such that when the pressure in the ducts exceeds the reference pressure, the first ! diaphragm means is caused to move so that the plate covers .~ 15 the terminations of the ducts to thereby prevent the flow of fluid from either duct to the other, and when the 1 reference pressure exceeds the p.essure in the ducts, the first diaphragm means is caused to move the plate away from the terminations to thereby allow the flow of fluid . 20 from either duct to the other. As before second duct ~ 'AJ
.. means may be affixed to a valve according to claim 4, further comprising a second diaphragm means affixed to the exterior of the housing over said aperture to prevent i! .
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source, and the second diaphragm means may be moveable conjointly with said first diaphragm means.
i First diaphragm means may include a valve wherein said diaphragm means includes a substantially rigid portion to which the stem is attached, and each of said duct means may terminate in a substantially flat plane, in which case the plate is substantially flat for contacting and covering the duct termination when the duct pressure exceeds the reference pressure.
The invention also provides a combination which is a combination in a canulla which includes a central tube, ~ one end of which is tapered for insertion into the body i of a patient. The combination comprises a second tube 7~ branching from the other end of the central tube for ., .
transporting fluid to or from the central tube, and a third tube branching from the other end of the ~entral tube for transporting fluid to`or from the central tube, valve means disposed in said third tube for preventing the flow of fluid when a reference pressure exceeds the pressure of the fluid ~ in the third tube and for allowing the flow of fluid when `! .
the pressure of the fluid in the third tube exceeds the i reference pressure.
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The valve means p--ovided in the above combination may be ' constructed such as is described above. The combination wherein said valve means comprises a housing defining a chamber, said housing having at least one aperture therein to enable communication between the chamber and a reference pressure source, first duct means, :, .one end of which terminates within said chamber and the other end of which communicates with one portion of said third tube, second duct means, one end of which terminates ~ 10 within said chamber and the other end of which communicates with the other portion of said third tube, and first diaphragm means fixed inside the chamber between said aperture and the terminations of said duct means and being moveable to cover the terminations when the reference lS pressure exceeds the pressure in the duct means to thereby .3 prevent the flow of fluid from either duct means to the ... , . I
other, and being moveable away from the terminations when~'::, .
the pressure in the duct means exceeds the reference pressure to thereby allow the flow of fluid from either duct means to the other.
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~1 The invention will now be described with reference .,.,.~, ' to the accompanying drawings showing by way of example, :!
. pressure responsive valve constructions that in accordance .. -~. .
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105;~6~9 with the invention, and also the combination in the canulla of such valve constructions.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig.l is a cannula which includes a pressure responsive valve made in a~cordance with the principles of the present invention;
Figs. 2A and 2B are a side cross-sectional view and a top sectional view respectively of one embodiment of the valve of Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of another i illustrative embodiment of the valve of Fig. l; and Figs. 4A and 4B are a side cross-sectional view and an end cross-sectional view respectively of still another illustrative embodiment of the valve of Fig. l.
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~i 15 Fig. l shows a single-needle cannula for use in withdrawing blood from and returning blood to a patient.
~i' The cannula comprises a Y-shaped structure having a central tube 2, one end of which 6 is tapered for insertion into .
the body of a patient, a second tube 8 branching from the other end of the central tube 2 for coupling the cannula to a blood pump, and a third tube 4 also branching from the other end of the central tube 2 for coupling the . ~ . .
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105'~659 cannula to the dialyzer element. Each of the branching tubes 8 and 4 communicate with the central tube 302.
A pressure responsive valve 10 is disposed in ~he tube 4 for regulating and controlling the flow of fluid through the tube. Specifically, when the atmospheric pressure is greater than the fluid pressure in the tube 4, then the valve 10 closes to prevent the flow of fluid through the tube, and when the atmospheric pressure is less than the fluid pressure in the tube, then the valve opens to allow the flow of fluid. ,Although the valve 10 is controlled, in part, by the atmospheric pressure, it will become apparent from the discussion which follows that any re-ference pressure appropriately applied to the valve could be utillzed.
One illustrative embodiment of a pressure responsive valve made in accordance with the present invention is shown in Figs. 2A and 2B. The valve includes a housing 202 definLng a chamber 210 which communicates throu-gh apertures 206 with the atmosphere or other reference pressure source. The housing 202 also defines a passage-way or duct 226, one end of which terminates within the chamber 210, and the other of which terminates outside the housing. A second passageway or duct 230 is also defined by the housing and or.e end of this duct similarly ., ~ - .
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105~659 terminates within the chamber 210 and the other end terminates outside the housing. As indicated in Fig. 2A, the termination 234 of the duct 226 and the termination 238 of the duct 230 define a substantially flat plane.
' A diaphragm 218 is affixed within the chamber 210 and attached to the sidewalls thereof at the perimeter 220 (see Fig. 2B), to separate the upper portion of the chamber 210 from the duct terminations 234 and 238. The diaphragm 218 may be of uniform thickness and flexibility - 10 or, as shown in Fig. ~, it may lnclude a substantiallyrigid, flat portion 222 of sufficient dimensions to cover the terminatlon 234 and 238. When the atmospheric pressure in the upper portion of the chamber ~10 exceeds the fluid ~, pressure in the ducts 226 and 230, the diaphragm 218 is caused to move dGwnwardly so that the flat portion 222 of the diaphragm contacts and covers the duct terminations ~t 234 and 238 to prevent fluid from flowing from either duct to the other. (Fluid in the ducts is shown by arrows to :, .
i be moving from le~t to right simply to illustrate fluid flow when the valve is open. It should be understood that ~ the flow of the fluid may be in either direction). When the -~' fluid pressure in the ducts exceeds the atmospheric pressure ~ in the upper portion of the chamber 2iO, the diaphragm 218 ~, . .
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., 105~59 - lo -is caused to move upwardly unseating the flat portion 222 from over the duct terminatlons 234 and 238 so that fluid may flow from either duct to the other.
' As indicated earlier, the diaphragm 218 may be composed S of any uniformly flexible material such as rubber or plastic of sufficient flexibility to allow free movement thereof onto and from off the duct termination or it may be composed - partly of flexible material with a flat rigid portion 222.
: , The function of the flat rigid portion is to provide greater strength to that portion of the diaphragm which is to cover i the duct termination so that the possibility of the diaphragm j bursting or tearing is minimized. This additional strength ;~ may only be needed where the pressure differential between ,, . .
,,`' the ducts and the atmosphere is fairly large.
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, ., A second diaphragm 2~0 (shown in dotted line in Fig.
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2A) may be provided for protective purposas to prevent ~ntroduction into the ducts of excessive quantities of air in case of a puncture of the diaphragm 218. The diaphragm ~', 240 is affixed to the exterior of the housing 202 at the ,.. ~,1, ' .
''?''~ 20 perlmeter 242 (Fig. 2B~ to ex~end over the relatively small ! apertures 20S. This diaphragm moves conjointly with the .~, .~ .
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1~)5;~6S9 - 11-diaphragm 218 so that when the diaphragm 218 moves to cover the duct termination 234 and 238, the diaphragm 240 moves downwardly toward the apertures 206, and when the diaphragm 218 moves upwardly away from the terminations 234 and 238, the diaphragm 240 also moves upwardly away from the apertures 206. The diaphragm 240 seals the chamber , 210 from the atmosphere so that if the diaphragm 218 were to break or puncture , at most, only that quantity of air or other fluid in the chamber 210 would be allowed into the ducts 426 and 430 (with the diaphragm 240 preventing flow of air through the apertures 206 into the chamber 210).
This could be important, for example, in the use of the valve in the cannula of Fig. 1 to prevent introduction of ~ excessive quantitie.s of air into blood being carried by the; 15 cannula.
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An alternative embodiment of the pressure responsive ~i~i valve is illustrated in Fig. 3. This valve operates to occlude the passage of fluid therethrough when the fluid pressure exceeds the atmospheric pressure and to allow -' the flow of fluid when the atmospheric pressure exceeds : ,, .
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1~5~659 - 12 -the fluid pressure (just opposite the opera.ion of the valve shown in Figs. 2A and 2B). The embodiment of Fig. 3 also includes a housing 3G2 which defines a chamber.
A diaphragm 318 is fixed in the chamber and attached to the side walls thereof to divide the cha~b~r into a first compar~unent 310 and a second ~omp~t~ent ~14. The diaphragm 318 is sealed against the side walls of the chamber so that communication between the upper compartment 310 and the - lower compartment 314 is prevented. The upper ccmpartmen~
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I 10 310 con~unicates with the atmospnere through a plurality ^~ of apertures 306. The 302 also de ines a passageway or ; duct 326, one end of which terminates within the lower compartment 314 and the other end of which terminates outside the housing. A second duct 33C is also provided, one end of this duct terminating with n the lower compart-ment 314 and the other end terminating outside the housing -~
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~' 302. The terminations 334 and 338 of the ducts 326 and ;, 330 respectively define a substantially flat plane as generally indicated in Fig. 3. Note that the duct termina-~ 20 tions are directed downwardly in the Fig. 3 embodiment -~t whereas they are directed upwardly in the Fig. 2 embodiment.
~ The diaphragm 318 includes a substantially rigid por-,~ tion 322 from which extends a stem 324. The stem 324 ,;.~;~ , ' ' .~"~
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:'' ,.. ~, . ., . ~ , , l~)S;~tiS9 extends generally in a direction perpendicular from the plane o` the rigid portion 322 into the lower compart-ment 314. A plate 342 is affixed onto the end of the stem 324 so that the plane of the plate is ~enerally parallei wi.th the plane o. th2 ri~id portion 322 of the ; diaphragm 313. The dimensions of the plate 342 are sufficient to enable the plate to cover the duct termina-tion 334 and 338 a~ general]y incicated in Fig. 3.
When the atmospheric pressure or otner reference pressure in the upper compartment 310 exceeds the fluid ;:
pressure in the ducts 326 and 330, the diaphragm 318 is caused to move downwardly thereby carrying the plate 342 , away from the duct terminations 334 and 338. Fluid is :., thus allowed to flow from either duct to the other. (Again, :~ 15 the fluid is illustrated by arrows as flowing in the valve i~ from the let to the right, but the flow may be in either direction). When the pressure of the ,luid in the com-~` partment 314 exceeds the atmospheric pressure in the upper compartment 310, the diaphragm 518 i.s caused to move upwardly carrying the plate 342 upwardly to seat over and cover the duct terminations 334 and 338 and thereby pre-.... . .
;~ vent the flow of fluid from either duct to the other.
~ Thus, as described, the embodiment of Fig. 3 provides for .;'. ' . " . .
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-lnsz6ss allowing the flow of fluid through the valve when the atmospheric pressure exceeds the fluid pressure in the ducts and for preventing the flow of fluid when the atmospheric pressure is less than the fluid pressure in the ducts.
If the valve Fig. 3 were us~d in a cannula of the -type shown in Fig. 1, in which the branching tube 8 were coupled to a blood pump, th~ valve would be disposed in ~-the tube 3 and not in the branching tube 4 as shown. Then, ~` 10 when the pressure in the tube 8 were less than the atmospheric .:
1~ pressure, the valve would allow blood to flow from the ,".,: . ...
patient to the blood pump, and when the tube pressure were greater than the atmospheric pressure, the valve would , occlude and prevent the flow of blood therethrough.
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~ 15 A second diaphragm 340 might also be included with ;~ the valve of Fig. 3 for the same purpose de~cri~ed for the ~ ,j .
j~ Fig. 2 valve -- to prevent excessive quantities of air from , ~, entering the ducts 326 and 330 if the diaphragm 318 were . .~, .
' to rupture.
'"' '~t 20 Figs. 4A and 4B shows still another embodiment of a ~ '.i - ' ~.l pressure responsive~valve, Fig. 4A ~eing a cross-sectional . ::'1 .
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5;~;S9 side view and Fig. 4B being a cross-sectional end view. This valve includes a housing 402 defining an interior chamber.
The top of the housing 402 includes a plurality of apertures - 406 and bottom of the housing also includes a pluralit~ of apertures 410. The apertures enab]e the interior of the housing to communicate with the atmosphere (or other reference pressure). Openings 414 and 418 are located in either end of the housing 402 to enable the introduction of fluid to and exit of fluid from the housing. A first diaphragm 422 is affixed in the chamber of the housing ., o between the apertures 406 and the openings 414 and 418 as shown in Fig. 4A. A second diaphragm 426 is also aff~xed in the chamber between the apertures 410 and the openings 414 and 418 The diaphragms are affixed to the interior walls of the housing to prevent communication between either opening 414 or 418 and the apertures 406 and 410, and to define a passageway through the housing 402 between the `j openings. As best seen in Fig. aB~ the diaphragms are joined at the interior side walls of the housing 402 at locations 430 and 434.
'".' ' When the pressure at the ap~rtures 406 and 410 exceed ~, the pressure at the openings 414 and 418, the diaphragms~; 422 and 426 are caused to move together in close contact .
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~O5;~f~59 and prevent the passage of fluid between the openings 414 and 418. When the pressure at the openings 414 and 418 exceeds the pressure at the apertures 406 and 410, the diaphragms are caused to move apart or separate and allow the passage of fluid between the openings 414 and 418.
In this manner, the valve of Figs. 4A and 4B controls the flow of fluid th~rethrough in accordanc.e with the pressure at the openings 41.4 and 418 relative to a reference pressure at the apertures 406 and 410.
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PRESSURE: RESPONSIVE VALVE STRUCTURE
, This invention relates to a valve structure whose operation is controlled, in part, by a reference pressure.
Fluid control valves, of course, have long been used for a variety of purposes and in a variety of en-vironments and systems. For example, artific1al kidney systems typically employ one or more valves to control the flow of blood from a patient to a dialyzer and then back to the patient. Such systems generally use a so-called double-needle cannula to withdraw the blood from the patient through one needle and return the blood ~o the patient through th~ other needle. Although single-needle cannulas have been used in some instances, rather complicated and cumbersome solenoid valves have been required to control the flow of blood through the needle so that the blood alternately flows from the patient through the needle and then through the needle to the patient. The porta~ility of such artificial kidney systems, and other systems, could e enhanced considerably if a more simple lightweight and compact fluid control valve structure were available.
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105'~f~59 - 2-An aim of the invention is to provide a fluid control valve which is suitable for incorporation into a single-needle cannula to control the flow of blood therethrough.
In a specific illustrative embodiment of the invention, S the fluid control valve includes a housing definir.g a chamber, with the housing having an aperture to enable , communication between the chamber and a reference pressure source. First and second ducts extend from the exterior of the housing to terminate within the chæmber. A diaphragm is affixed in the chamber between the aperture and the duct terminations and is moveable to cover the terminations when the re~erence pressure exceeds the pressure in the ducts, to thereby p event the flow of fluid from either duct to the other. When the pressure in the ducts exceeds the reference pressure, the diaphragm moves away from the terminations to allow the flow of fluid from either duct to the other.
In accordance with the invention there is provided a pressure responsive valve comprising a housing defining a chamber, said housing having at least one aperture , therein to enable communication between the chamber and a reference pressure source, first duct means, one e~ of :~i `~ which terminates within said chamber, second duct means, ., ~ .
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one! end of which terminates within said chamber, and first diaphragm means affixed in said chamber between said aperture and the terminations of said duct means and being moveable to cover the terminations when the reference pressure exceeds the pressure in the ducts to thereby prevent the flow of fluid from either duct to the other, and being moveable away from the terminations when the pressure in the ducts exceeds the reference pressure I -to thereby allow the flow of fluid from either duct to the other. The valve of the invention may further comprise second diaphragm means affixed to the exterior of said housing over said aperture to prevent communication between the chamber and the reference pressure source, and I second diaphragm means may be moveable conjointly with Sj 15 the first diaphragm means.
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, Each of the duct means may terminate a `~ valve wherein each of said duct means may terminate in a substantially flat plane, ;~ and the first diaphragm means may include a rigid, ~0 substantially flat portion for contacting and covering the duct terminations when the reference pressure exceeds : the pressure in the ducts.
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iO5'~6S'3 4 _ In an alternate contruction of the pressure responsive valve in accordance with the invention, the valve comprises a housing defining a charnber, first diaphragm means affixed in said chamber ~o divide said chamber into first and second :~
compartments, said housing having at least one aperture therein to enable communication between the firstcompart- `
~ ment of the chamber and a reference pressure source, first .~ and second duct means, one end or each of which terminates within the second compartment of the ch~mber, and said first diaphragm means including a.stem extendiny therefrom .' into the second compartment of the chamber, and a plate affixed on the end of the stem such that when the pressure in the ducts exceeds the reference pressure, the first ! diaphragm means is caused to move so that the plate covers .~ 15 the terminations of the ducts to thereby prevent the flow of fluid from either duct to the other, and when the 1 reference pressure exceeds the p.essure in the ducts, the first diaphragm means is caused to move the plate away from the terminations to thereby allow the flow of fluid . 20 from either duct to the other. As before second duct ~ 'AJ
.. means may be affixed to a valve according to claim 4, further comprising a second diaphragm means affixed to the exterior of the housing over said aperture to prevent i! .
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source, and the second diaphragm means may be moveable conjointly with said first diaphragm means.
i First diaphragm means may include a valve wherein said diaphragm means includes a substantially rigid portion to which the stem is attached, and each of said duct means may terminate in a substantially flat plane, in which case the plate is substantially flat for contacting and covering the duct termination when the duct pressure exceeds the reference pressure.
The invention also provides a combination which is a combination in a canulla which includes a central tube, ~ one end of which is tapered for insertion into the body i of a patient. The combination comprises a second tube 7~ branching from the other end of the central tube for ., .
transporting fluid to or from the central tube, and a third tube branching from the other end of the ~entral tube for transporting fluid to`or from the central tube, valve means disposed in said third tube for preventing the flow of fluid when a reference pressure exceeds the pressure of the fluid ~ in the third tube and for allowing the flow of fluid when `! .
the pressure of the fluid in the third tube exceeds the i reference pressure.
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The valve means p--ovided in the above combination may be ' constructed such as is described above. The combination wherein said valve means comprises a housing defining a chamber, said housing having at least one aperture therein to enable communication between the chamber and a reference pressure source, first duct means, :, .one end of which terminates within said chamber and the other end of which communicates with one portion of said third tube, second duct means, one end of which terminates ~ 10 within said chamber and the other end of which communicates with the other portion of said third tube, and first diaphragm means fixed inside the chamber between said aperture and the terminations of said duct means and being moveable to cover the terminations when the reference lS pressure exceeds the pressure in the duct means to thereby .3 prevent the flow of fluid from either duct means to the ... , . I
other, and being moveable away from the terminations when~'::, .
the pressure in the duct means exceeds the reference pressure to thereby allow the flow of fluid from either duct means to the other.
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~1 The invention will now be described with reference .,.,.~, ' to the accompanying drawings showing by way of example, :!
. pressure responsive valve constructions that in accordance .. -~. .
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105;~6~9 with the invention, and also the combination in the canulla of such valve constructions.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig.l is a cannula which includes a pressure responsive valve made in a~cordance with the principles of the present invention;
Figs. 2A and 2B are a side cross-sectional view and a top sectional view respectively of one embodiment of the valve of Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of another i illustrative embodiment of the valve of Fig. l; and Figs. 4A and 4B are a side cross-sectional view and an end cross-sectional view respectively of still another illustrative embodiment of the valve of Fig. l.
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~i 15 Fig. l shows a single-needle cannula for use in withdrawing blood from and returning blood to a patient.
~i' The cannula comprises a Y-shaped structure having a central tube 2, one end of which 6 is tapered for insertion into .
the body of a patient, a second tube 8 branching from the other end of the central tube 2 for coupling the cannula to a blood pump, and a third tube 4 also branching from the other end of the central tube 2 for coupling the . ~ . .
. , , .
.
:
105'~659 cannula to the dialyzer element. Each of the branching tubes 8 and 4 communicate with the central tube 302.
A pressure responsive valve 10 is disposed in ~he tube 4 for regulating and controlling the flow of fluid through the tube. Specifically, when the atmospheric pressure is greater than the fluid pressure in the tube 4, then the valve 10 closes to prevent the flow of fluid through the tube, and when the atmospheric pressure is less than the fluid pressure in the tube, then the valve opens to allow the flow of fluid. ,Although the valve 10 is controlled, in part, by the atmospheric pressure, it will become apparent from the discussion which follows that any re-ference pressure appropriately applied to the valve could be utillzed.
One illustrative embodiment of a pressure responsive valve made in accordance with the present invention is shown in Figs. 2A and 2B. The valve includes a housing 202 definLng a chamber 210 which communicates throu-gh apertures 206 with the atmosphere or other reference pressure source. The housing 202 also defines a passage-way or duct 226, one end of which terminates within the chamber 210, and the other of which terminates outside the housing. A second passageway or duct 230 is also defined by the housing and or.e end of this duct similarly ., ~ - .
.
105~659 terminates within the chamber 210 and the other end terminates outside the housing. As indicated in Fig. 2A, the termination 234 of the duct 226 and the termination 238 of the duct 230 define a substantially flat plane.
' A diaphragm 218 is affixed within the chamber 210 and attached to the sidewalls thereof at the perimeter 220 (see Fig. 2B), to separate the upper portion of the chamber 210 from the duct terminations 234 and 238. The diaphragm 218 may be of uniform thickness and flexibility - 10 or, as shown in Fig. ~, it may lnclude a substantiallyrigid, flat portion 222 of sufficient dimensions to cover the terminatlon 234 and 238. When the atmospheric pressure in the upper portion of the chamber ~10 exceeds the fluid ~, pressure in the ducts 226 and 230, the diaphragm 218 is caused to move dGwnwardly so that the flat portion 222 of the diaphragm contacts and covers the duct terminations ~t 234 and 238 to prevent fluid from flowing from either duct to the other. (Fluid in the ducts is shown by arrows to :, .
i be moving from le~t to right simply to illustrate fluid flow when the valve is open. It should be understood that ~ the flow of the fluid may be in either direction). When the -~' fluid pressure in the ducts exceeds the atmospheric pressure ~ in the upper portion of the chamber 2iO, the diaphragm 218 ~, . .
.. . .
.
~ ' `, .
., 105~59 - lo -is caused to move upwardly unseating the flat portion 222 from over the duct terminatlons 234 and 238 so that fluid may flow from either duct to the other.
' As indicated earlier, the diaphragm 218 may be composed S of any uniformly flexible material such as rubber or plastic of sufficient flexibility to allow free movement thereof onto and from off the duct termination or it may be composed - partly of flexible material with a flat rigid portion 222.
: , The function of the flat rigid portion is to provide greater strength to that portion of the diaphragm which is to cover i the duct termination so that the possibility of the diaphragm j bursting or tearing is minimized. This additional strength ;~ may only be needed where the pressure differential between ,, . .
,,`' the ducts and the atmosphere is fairly large.
:,, .
, ., A second diaphragm 2~0 (shown in dotted line in Fig.
`'I .
2A) may be provided for protective purposas to prevent ~ntroduction into the ducts of excessive quantities of air in case of a puncture of the diaphragm 218. The diaphragm ~', 240 is affixed to the exterior of the housing 202 at the ,.. ~,1, ' .
''?''~ 20 perlmeter 242 (Fig. 2B~ to ex~end over the relatively small ! apertures 20S. This diaphragm moves conjointly with the .~, .~ .
~................. .
~:>....
.... .
... ,:. .
~'~.,, :~`'' .
1~)5;~6S9 - 11-diaphragm 218 so that when the diaphragm 218 moves to cover the duct termination 234 and 238, the diaphragm 240 moves downwardly toward the apertures 206, and when the diaphragm 218 moves upwardly away from the terminations 234 and 238, the diaphragm 240 also moves upwardly away from the apertures 206. The diaphragm 240 seals the chamber , 210 from the atmosphere so that if the diaphragm 218 were to break or puncture , at most, only that quantity of air or other fluid in the chamber 210 would be allowed into the ducts 426 and 430 (with the diaphragm 240 preventing flow of air through the apertures 206 into the chamber 210).
This could be important, for example, in the use of the valve in the cannula of Fig. 1 to prevent introduction of ~ excessive quantitie.s of air into blood being carried by the; 15 cannula.
, .
., .
~i The diaphragm 240 could illustratively be composed ,:, .
, of rubber, plastic or other simiiar material.
.
: ;, : ., ., ~ .
An alternative embodiment of the pressure responsive ~i~i valve is illustrated in Fig. 3. This valve operates to occlude the passage of fluid therethrough when the fluid pressure exceeds the atmospheric pressure and to allow -' the flow of fluid when the atmospheric pressure exceeds : ,, .
;, : ' .
~, ~
i .
".1 . , , ;., .
: ;, , , ~ ~
1~5~659 - 12 -the fluid pressure (just opposite the opera.ion of the valve shown in Figs. 2A and 2B). The embodiment of Fig. 3 also includes a housing 3G2 which defines a chamber.
A diaphragm 318 is fixed in the chamber and attached to the side walls thereof to divide the cha~b~r into a first compar~unent 310 and a second ~omp~t~ent ~14. The diaphragm 318 is sealed against the side walls of the chamber so that communication between the upper compartment 310 and the - lower compartment 314 is prevented. The upper ccmpartmen~
. .
I 10 310 con~unicates with the atmospnere through a plurality ^~ of apertures 306. The 302 also de ines a passageway or ; duct 326, one end of which terminates within the lower compartment 314 and the other end of which terminates outside the housing. A second duct 33C is also provided, one end of this duct terminating with n the lower compart-ment 314 and the other end terminating outside the housing -~
,.i .
~' 302. The terminations 334 and 338 of the ducts 326 and ;, 330 respectively define a substantially flat plane as generally indicated in Fig. 3. Note that the duct termina-~ 20 tions are directed downwardly in the Fig. 3 embodiment -~t whereas they are directed upwardly in the Fig. 2 embodiment.
~ The diaphragm 318 includes a substantially rigid por-,~ tion 322 from which extends a stem 324. The stem 324 ,;.~;~ , ' ' .~"~
. ^, .
.
:',;, ..
:'' ,.. ~, . ., . ~ , , l~)S;~tiS9 extends generally in a direction perpendicular from the plane o` the rigid portion 322 into the lower compart-ment 314. A plate 342 is affixed onto the end of the stem 324 so that the plane of the plate is ~enerally parallei wi.th the plane o. th2 ri~id portion 322 of the ; diaphragm 313. The dimensions of the plate 342 are sufficient to enable the plate to cover the duct termina-tion 334 and 338 a~ general]y incicated in Fig. 3.
When the atmospheric pressure or otner reference pressure in the upper compartment 310 exceeds the fluid ;:
pressure in the ducts 326 and 330, the diaphragm 318 is caused to move downwardly thereby carrying the plate 342 , away from the duct terminations 334 and 338. Fluid is :., thus allowed to flow from either duct to the other. (Again, :~ 15 the fluid is illustrated by arrows as flowing in the valve i~ from the let to the right, but the flow may be in either direction). When the pressure of the ,luid in the com-~` partment 314 exceeds the atmospheric pressure in the upper compartment 310, the diaphragm 518 i.s caused to move upwardly carrying the plate 342 upwardly to seat over and cover the duct terminations 334 and 338 and thereby pre-.... . .
;~ vent the flow of fluid from either duct to the other.
~ Thus, as described, the embodiment of Fig. 3 provides for .;'. ' . " . .
. ~ .
.- . .
:
.
-lnsz6ss allowing the flow of fluid through the valve when the atmospheric pressure exceeds the fluid pressure in the ducts and for preventing the flow of fluid when the atmospheric pressure is less than the fluid pressure in the ducts.
If the valve Fig. 3 were us~d in a cannula of the -type shown in Fig. 1, in which the branching tube 8 were coupled to a blood pump, th~ valve would be disposed in ~-the tube 3 and not in the branching tube 4 as shown. Then, ~` 10 when the pressure in the tube 8 were less than the atmospheric .:
1~ pressure, the valve would allow blood to flow from the ,".,: . ...
patient to the blood pump, and when the tube pressure were greater than the atmospheric pressure, the valve would , occlude and prevent the flow of blood therethrough.
i.
~ 15 A second diaphragm 340 might also be included with ;~ the valve of Fig. 3 for the same purpose de~cri~ed for the ~ ,j .
j~ Fig. 2 valve -- to prevent excessive quantities of air from , ~, entering the ducts 326 and 330 if the diaphragm 318 were . .~, .
' to rupture.
'"' '~t 20 Figs. 4A and 4B shows still another embodiment of a ~ '.i - ' ~.l pressure responsive~valve, Fig. 4A ~eing a cross-sectional . ::'1 .
.'~ . - .
:'~ ' . ' ., . "~ .
......
. .: ,. .
., ~ .
: ,:
; . .
5;~;S9 side view and Fig. 4B being a cross-sectional end view. This valve includes a housing 402 defining an interior chamber.
The top of the housing 402 includes a plurality of apertures - 406 and bottom of the housing also includes a pluralit~ of apertures 410. The apertures enab]e the interior of the housing to communicate with the atmosphere (or other reference pressure). Openings 414 and 418 are located in either end of the housing 402 to enable the introduction of fluid to and exit of fluid from the housing. A first diaphragm 422 is affixed in the chamber of the housing ., o between the apertures 406 and the openings 414 and 418 as shown in Fig. 4A. A second diaphragm 426 is also aff~xed in the chamber between the apertures 410 and the openings 414 and 418 The diaphragms are affixed to the interior walls of the housing to prevent communication between either opening 414 or 418 and the apertures 406 and 410, and to define a passageway through the housing 402 between the `j openings. As best seen in Fig. aB~ the diaphragms are joined at the interior side walls of the housing 402 at locations 430 and 434.
'".' ' When the pressure at the ap~rtures 406 and 410 exceed ~, the pressure at the openings 414 and 418, the diaphragms~; 422 and 426 are caused to move together in close contact .
. .
. ~ .
:~
'.;
... .
., ~
~O5;~f~59 and prevent the passage of fluid between the openings 414 and 418. When the pressure at the openings 414 and 418 exceeds the pressure at the apertures 406 and 410, the diaphragms are caused to move apart or separate and allow the passage of fluid between the openings 414 and 418.
In this manner, the valve of Figs. 4A and 4B controls the flow of fluid th~rethrough in accordanc.e with the pressure at the openings 41.4 and 418 relative to a reference pressure at the apertures 406 and 410.
. , -- .
::, . ,, ' , ,~
. y .... ~ .
:s , . . .
. .
~`
,~ . .
.
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. '' ., .
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. .-'.: .
.
"' `
,-. "'
Claims (11)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A pressure responsive valve comprising a housing defining a chamber, said housing have at least one aperture therein to enable communication between the chamber and a reference pressure source, first duct means, one end of which terminates within said chamber, second duct means, one end of which terminates within said chamber, each duct means ter-minating in the same substantially flat plane, and first diaphragm means affixed in said chamber between said aperture and the terminations of said duct means and being moveable to cover the terminations when the reference pressure differs from the pressure in the ducts to thereby prevent the flow of fluid from either duct to the other, and being moveable away from the terminations when the pressure in the ducts is the same as the reference pressure to thereby allow the flow of fluid from either duct to the other, and wherein the first diaphragm means includes a rigid, substantially flat portion for contacting and covering the duct means terminations when the reference pressure differs from the pressure in the duct means.
2. A valve according to claim 1, further comprising second diaphragm means affixed to the exterior of said housing over said aperture to prevent communication between the chamber and the reference pressure source, said second diaphragm means being moveable conjointly with said first diaphragm means.
3. A pressure responsive valve comprising a housing defining a chamber, first diaphragm means affixed in said chamber to divide said chamber into first and second compart-ments, said housing having at least one aperture therein to enable communication between the first compartment of the-chamber and a reference pressure source, first and second duct means, one end of each of which terminates within the second compartment of the chamber, and said first diaphragm means including a stem extending therefrom into the second compart-ment of the chamber, and a plate affixed on the end of the stem such that when the pressure in the ducts exceeds the reference pressure, the first diaphragm means is caused to move 50 that the plate covers the terminations of the ducts to thereby prevent the flow of fluid from either duct to the other, and when reference pressure exceeds the pressure in the ducts, the first diaphragm means is caused to move the plate away from the terminations to thereby allow the flow of fluid from either duct to the other.
4. A valve according to claim 3, further comprising a second diaphragm means affixed to the exterior of the housing over said aperture to prevent communication between the chamber and the reference pressure source, said second diaphragm means moveable conjointly with said first diaphragm means.
5. A valve according to Claim 3 or Claim 4 wherein said first diaphragm means includes a substantially rigid portion to which the stem is attached, wherein each of said duct means terminates in a substantially flat plane, and wherein said plate is substantially flat for contacting and covering the duct termination when the duct pressure exceeds the reference pressure.
6. In combination in a cannula which includes a central tube, one end of which is tapered for insertion into the body of a patient, a second tube branching from the other end of the central tube for transporting fluid to or from the central tube, and a third tube branching from the other end of the central tube for transporting fluid to or from the central tube, valve means according to claim 1 disposed in said third tube for preventing the flow of fluid when a reference pressure exceeds the pres-sure of the fluid in the third tube and for allowing the flow of fluid when the pressure of the fluid in the third tube exceeds the reference pressure.
7. The combination of claim 6 wherein said valve means comprises a housing defining a chamber, said housing having at least one aperture therein to enable communication between the chamber and a reference pressure source, first duct means, one end of which terminates within said chamber and the other end of which communicates with one portion of said third tube, second duct means, one end of which terminates within said chamber and the other end of which communicates with the other portion of said third tube, and first diaphragm means fixed inside the chamber between said aperture and the terminations of said duct means and being moveable to cover the terminations when the reference pressure exceeds the pressure in the duct means to thereby prevent the. flow of fluid from either duct means to the other, and being moveable away from the terminations when the pressure in the duct means exceeds the reference pressure to thereby allow the flow of fluid from either duct means to the other.
8. The combination of Claim 7 further comprising second diaphragm means attached to the exterior of said housing over said aperture to seal the chamber from the reference pressure source, said second diaphragm means being moveable toward said aperture as said first diaphragm means moves to cover the terminations, and being moveable away from said aperture as said first diaphragm means moves away from the terminations.
9. The combination of Claim 7 or Claim 8 wherein each of said duct means terminates in the same substantially flat plane, and wherein said first diaphragm means includes a rigid, substantially flat portion for contacting and covering the duct means terminations when the reference pressure exceeds the pressure in the duct means.
10. The combination of Claim 6 wherein said valve means comprises a housing defining a chamber, first diaphragm means affixed in said chamber to divide said chamber into first and second compartments, said housing having at least one aperture therein to enable communication between the first compartment of the chamber and a reference pressure source, first duct means, one end of which terminates within the second compartment of the chamber and the other end of which communicates with one portion of said third tube, second duct means, one end of which terminates within the second compartment of the chamber and the other end of which communicates with the other portion of said tube, said first diaphragm means being moveable to cover the terminations when the pressure in the duct means exceeds the reference pressure to thereby prevent the flow of fluid from either duct means to the other, and being moveable away from the terminations when the reference pressure exceeds the pressure in the duct means to thereby allow the flow of fluid from either duct means to the other.
11. The combination of Claim 10 further comprising second diaphragm means attached to the exterior of said housing over said aperture to seal the first compartment of the chamber from the reference pressure source, said second diaphragm means being moveable toward said aperture as said first diaphragm means moves away from the terminations, and moveable away from said aperture as said first diaphragm means moves to cover the terminations.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US45518074A | 1974-03-27 | 1974-03-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1052659A true CA1052659A (en) | 1979-04-17 |
Family
ID=23807712
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA223,139A Expired CA1052659A (en) | 1974-03-27 | 1975-03-26 | Pressure responsive valve structure |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS50133692A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE827226A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1052659A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH592836A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2513490A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2266072B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1510191A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1034616B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7503131L (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4684364A (en) * | 1983-04-12 | 1987-08-04 | Interface Biomedical Laboratories Corporation | Safety arrangement for preventing air embolism during intravenous procedures |
| US4722725A (en) * | 1983-04-12 | 1988-02-02 | Interface Biomedical Laboratories, Inc. | Methods for preventing the introduction of air or fluid into the body of a patient |
| US4883461A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1989-11-28 | Interface Biomedical Laboratories Corp. | Safety needle sheath in anti-reflux catheter having novel valve means |
| US9943678B2 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2018-04-17 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Pressure activated proximal valves |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE7612815L (en) * | 1976-11-17 | 1978-05-18 | Gambro Ab | COUPLING |
| DE3035748C2 (en) * | 1980-09-22 | 1986-01-02 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Infusion device |
| US4398542A (en) * | 1980-12-15 | 1983-08-16 | Ivac Corporation | Pressure diaphragm |
| DE3131075C2 (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1984-01-19 | Dr. Eduard Fresenius, Chemisch-pharmazeutische Industrie KG, 6380 Bad Homburg | Device for purifying blood |
| DE3215972A1 (en) * | 1982-04-29 | 1983-11-03 | Leybold-Heraeus GmbH, 5000 Köln | PRESSURE REGULATOR |
| US4722731A (en) * | 1985-04-08 | 1988-02-02 | Vailancourt Vincent L | Air check valve |
| AU5451086A (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1987-07-28 | Joseph F. Fitzgerald | Methods for preventing the introduction of air or fluid reflux into the body of a patient |
| JPS63151149U (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1988-10-04 | ||
| DE4105088A1 (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1991-08-22 | Kayser A Gmbh & Co Kg | Valve with membrane, venting at or over preset inlet pressure - has channel of considerably smaller dia. then outlet pipe, between pipe and valve outlet chamber |
| DE10017847C1 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2002-04-25 | Stoeckert Instr Gmbh | Heart-lung machine with pressure-operated control elements |
| JP4679855B2 (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2011-05-11 | 株式会社鷺宮製作所 | Pressure operated control valve |
-
1975
- 1975-03-18 CH CH344175A patent/CH592836A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-03-19 SE SE7503131A patent/SE7503131L/xx unknown
- 1975-03-24 GB GB12253/75A patent/GB1510191A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-03-25 JP JP50035046A patent/JPS50133692A/ja active Pending
- 1975-03-25 FR FR7509353A patent/FR2266072B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1975-03-26 IT IT21692/75A patent/IT1034616B/en active
- 1975-03-26 BE BE154809A patent/BE827226A/en unknown
- 1975-03-26 DE DE19752513490 patent/DE2513490A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-03-26 CA CA223,139A patent/CA1052659A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4684364A (en) * | 1983-04-12 | 1987-08-04 | Interface Biomedical Laboratories Corporation | Safety arrangement for preventing air embolism during intravenous procedures |
| US4722725A (en) * | 1983-04-12 | 1988-02-02 | Interface Biomedical Laboratories, Inc. | Methods for preventing the introduction of air or fluid into the body of a patient |
| US4883461A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1989-11-28 | Interface Biomedical Laboratories Corp. | Safety needle sheath in anti-reflux catheter having novel valve means |
| US9943678B2 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2018-04-17 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Pressure activated proximal valves |
| US11305102B2 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2022-04-19 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Pressure activated proximal valves |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE7503131L (en) | 1975-09-29 |
| JPS50133692A (en) | 1975-10-23 |
| IT1034616B (en) | 1979-10-10 |
| GB1510191A (en) | 1978-05-10 |
| BE827226A (en) | 1975-07-16 |
| FR2266072A1 (en) | 1975-10-24 |
| FR2266072B1 (en) | 1982-01-08 |
| DE2513490A1 (en) | 1975-10-02 |
| CH592836A5 (en) | 1977-11-15 |
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