CA1047073A - Process for reducing the settling rate of comminuted porous solids in a water-solids slurry - Google Patents
Process for reducing the settling rate of comminuted porous solids in a water-solids slurryInfo
- Publication number
- CA1047073A CA1047073A CA246,700A CA246700A CA1047073A CA 1047073 A CA1047073 A CA 1047073A CA 246700 A CA246700 A CA 246700A CA 1047073 A CA1047073 A CA 1047073A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- solids
- liquid
- slurry
- coal
- specific gravity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/50—Mixing liquids with solids
- B01F23/51—Methods thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
- B65G53/30—Conveying materials in bulk through pipes or tubes by liquid pressure
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Comminuted solids having a specific gravity greater than 1.0 and having a porosity greater than about 10% are maintained in suspension within a liquid-solids slurry by saturating the pores of the solids with a substance having a specific gravity lower than 1Ø
Comminuted solids having a specific gravity greater than 1.0 and having a porosity greater than about 10% are maintained in suspension within a liquid-solids slurry by saturating the pores of the solids with a substance having a specific gravity lower than 1Ø
Description
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¦ BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention:
; ! This invention relates to a process of transporting, .^;
e.g. in a conduit, a water slurry containing comminuted solids.
r Description of the Prior Art:
~ The transportation of solid particles through pipelines ,., has become an economicalLy attractive method of moving bul~
solids over long distances. This method has proven effective for transporting coal, sulfur, wax and other solids capable of being converted into particulate form. The solid material is generally comminuted by pulverization, shearing or other means of degradation, suspended in a liquid carrier medium, and then injected under pressure into a conduit, e.g. a r~'' pipeline. If the density of the comminuted matter is signi-ficantly greater than the supporting liquid carrier, the particles tend to settle to the bottom of the pipeline, . ~ ~
~ especially where obstructions interfere with the flow of the _ ~ ~
"
.' '' '' " ' ' '~, ' ~7~)73 1 slurry or in low spots in the line. This problem is par-
~- ~ : ~
~0~7~73 ~
¦ BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention:
; ! This invention relates to a process of transporting, .^;
e.g. in a conduit, a water slurry containing comminuted solids.
r Description of the Prior Art:
~ The transportation of solid particles through pipelines ,., has become an economicalLy attractive method of moving bul~
solids over long distances. This method has proven effective for transporting coal, sulfur, wax and other solids capable of being converted into particulate form. The solid material is generally comminuted by pulverization, shearing or other means of degradation, suspended in a liquid carrier medium, and then injected under pressure into a conduit, e.g. a r~'' pipeline. If the density of the comminuted matter is signi-ficantly greater than the supporting liquid carrier, the particles tend to settle to the bottom of the pipeline, . ~ ~
~ especially where obstructions interfere with the flow of the _ ~ ~
"
.' '' '' " ' ' '~, ' ~7~)73 1 slurry or in low spots in the line. This problem is par-
2 ticularly pronounced during shut-down of flow -through the
3 pipeline or when the comminuted matter is subject to agglo-~ meration. Settling of the solid particles can result in plugging, pump blockages and substantial pressure gradients 6 within the pipeline. It is possible to approximate a 7 homogeneous liquid-solid slurry by maintaining the slurry 8 flow under turbulent flow conditions (e.g~ at a Reynolds 9 number greater than about 4,000)--but high pumping costs necessarily result.
11 U. S. 3,432,209 to Scott teaches reducing the settling 12 rate of inorganic salts in a petroleum-inorganic salt slurry 13 by adding to the slurry an anionic sulfonate dispersant.
14 The dispersant attaches to the salt granules, thereby lowering the density of the complex.
16 U. S. 3,264,038 to Shock et al teaches protecting a 17 solid from a carrier liquid by coating the solid with a 18 material which is insoluble in and unreactive with the 19 carrier liquid.
U. S. 3,359,040 to Every et al teaches adsorbing water 21 onto the surface of a solid pulverant material and then 22 mixing the solid with a hydrocarbon carrier.
23 U. S. 3,637,263 to Wasp teaches transporting a water-2~ coal slurry by incorporating in the slurry an inorganic finely di~ided water insoluble solid carrier having a 26 specific gravity greater than 1.6.
27 U. S. 3,389,714 to Hughes teaches increasing the 28 pumpability of viscous liquids and liquid-solid slurries by 29 adding a ~luid to the liquid, and maintaining the ~(~47~17~ -1 liquid under sufficient tempera-ture and pressure to keep the 2 fluid in a gaseous state. The gaseous fluid is adsorbed in 3 the liquid thereby reducing its viscosity.
11 U. S. 3,432,209 to Scott teaches reducing the settling 12 rate of inorganic salts in a petroleum-inorganic salt slurry 13 by adding to the slurry an anionic sulfonate dispersant.
14 The dispersant attaches to the salt granules, thereby lowering the density of the complex.
16 U. S. 3,264,038 to Shock et al teaches protecting a 17 solid from a carrier liquid by coating the solid with a 18 material which is insoluble in and unreactive with the 19 carrier liquid.
U. S. 3,359,040 to Every et al teaches adsorbing water 21 onto the surface of a solid pulverant material and then 22 mixing the solid with a hydrocarbon carrier.
23 U. S. 3,637,263 to Wasp teaches transporting a water-2~ coal slurry by incorporating in the slurry an inorganic finely di~ided water insoluble solid carrier having a 26 specific gravity greater than 1.6.
27 U. S. 3,389,714 to Hughes teaches increasing the 28 pumpability of viscous liquids and liquid-solid slurries by 29 adding a ~luid to the liquid, and maintaining the ~(~47~17~ -1 liquid under sufficient tempera-ture and pressure to keep the 2 fluid in a gaseous state. The gaseous fluid is adsorbed in 3 the liquid thereby reducing its viscosity.
4 Other prior ar-t references have proposed methods Eor reducing the tendency of some types of particles to form 6 agglomerations within liquid-solid slurry systems. For 7 example, U. S. 3,269,401 to Scott et al teaches facilitating 8 the flow of wax-bearing oil through pipelines by dissolving 9 in the oil at superatmospheric pressure and above the oil's pour point, a gas which can be nitrogen, carbon dioxide, 11 flue gas, hydrocarbons having less than three carbon atoms 12 and mixtures thereof. Upon shut-down of the pipeline flow, 13 the pressure is lowered in the pipeline to below the bubble 14 point, thereby causing gas to separate from the oil as small bubbles. These bubbles become associated with the existing 16 and newly formed wax crystals, and prevent the formation of 17 a strong wax structure.
18 U. S. 3~292,647 to Scott teaches subjecting a wax-19 containing oil, at a temperature below the pour point of the wax, to shearing forces sufficient to break down the wax 21 structure into a fine dispersion, and injecting a gas into 22 the oil to prevent regrowth of the wax crystals.
23 None of the prior art references, however, teach a 24 means of lowering the effective density of porous solids in a li~uid-solids slurry.
26 SUMMAR~ OF THE INVENTION
27 Solids, having a specific gravity greater than 1.0 and 28 having ~ porosity greater than about 10%, are maintained in 7(J73 ~U~pQnsion wlthln a liquid-solids slurry by commlnuting the sollds to an average diameter less than about 2,000 microns, saturating the pores of ~he comminuted solids with a liquid material having a specific gravlty less than about l.0, e.g. a simple liquid hydrocarbon, and then slurrying the comminuted solids in the liquid, preferably water, for subsequent transportation. The low density liquid material should not be miscible with the carrier liquid and remains associated with the solid particles, thereby lowering the effective density of the particles with respect to the carrier liquid~
Broadly stated, the present invention is directed to the improvement in a process of transportlng comminuted solids having a specific gravity 8reater than about l~0 and a porosity greater than about 10% in a liquid carrier ~ as a slurry, comprising sub-,~---s-tantially saturating the pores of the solids with a fluid having ,~... , ~
a specific gravity less than about l.0 and which is no~ miscible with the liquid carrier prior to slurrying the solids in the carrier.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Solids useful with the present invention can be any solids which have a specific gravity greater than about l.0, have an average porosity greater than about 10% and are un-reactive with and insoluble in the carrier liquid. Examples of preferred solids include high porosity coal, heated or calcined coal, partially devolatilized coal, volatilized coal, coal char, coke, retorted oil shale, porous rock mixtures thereof--coal is defined to include the different classifications of coal such as lignite, bituminous and anthracite. Particularly preferred solids are coal and coke. The solids should have a specific gravity greater than about l.0, more preferably greater than about 1.2 and most preferably greater than about 1.4. The solids ~hould have a porosity of about l0 to about 80%, more preferably _ 4 _ r .
~04~73 b~u~ 2û to about 70~ and mo~t preferably about 30 to about 2 60% by volume of the ~olid materlal ln ~, -: :
~ .
:
- 4a -~, .
.
. ~r i " .
., ~
~047073 1 order to re~ain sufficient amounts of a low density material 2 to substantially lower the effective density of the comminuted 3 solids when slurried in the carrier liquid. ThP solid 4 material is pulverized, sheared or otherwise degraded to an average particle size oE about 0.1 to about 2,000 microns, 6 more preferably about 25 to about 1,000 microns, and most ; 7 preferably about 75 to about 500 microns. The process is 8 applicable to any particle sizes that may be transported 9 with liquid as a slurry, although substantial amounts of particles larger -than about 2,000 microns can result in 11 plugging, blockages, etc., of the conduit by the resulting 12 slurry. It is preferred that 95~ of the comminuted solids 13 pass through a 14 mesh Tyler Series screen.
14 The pores of the comminuted solids are then substan-tially saturated, i.e. preferably at least about 75%, with a 16 fluid material having a specific gravity less than about 1.0, 17 more preferably less than about 0.9, and most preferably 18 less than about 0.8, and which will be-retained within the 19 pores of the solid upon subsequent slurrying with the carrier liquid. The fluid material is preferably immiscible in the 21 carrier liquid and more preferably has good retention charac-22 teristics in the pores of the solid--most preferably it will 23 wet the pores of the solids. Preferred fluids include liquid 24 hydrocarbons and substituted derivatives thereof, e.g. hydro-carbons containing less than 5 carbon atoms in the molecule--26 with the la-tter, increased pressure levels may be required 27 to maintain the hydrocarbons in a liquid state within the 28 pores of the particles. Examples of particularly preferred 29 hydrocarbons include pentane, hexane, benzene, etc. Other ~047~3 1 useful hydrocarbons include crude oil, partially refined 2 fractions of crude oil and refined fractions of crude oil.
3 The fluid material should not be present at concentrations 4 and/or conditions within the pipeline such tha~ cavitation of the pumping means on the pipeline system will occur to 6 substantially adversely affect the pumpability of the slurry.
7 In practice, saturation of the pores of the comminuted 8 solids with the low density fluid material may be achieved 9 by boiling the comminuted solid particles in the material, e.g. liquid, for about five minutes, by creating a vacuum 11 in the pores prior to contacting the comminuted solid with 12 the fluid, e.g. by dumping hot particles in cold hydrocarbon 13 or by contacting the fluid material with the solids under 14 a vacuum, by treating the pores of the solid particles to enhance adsorption and~or retention of the fluid material, 16 or by other methods known in the art. Mere mixing of the 17 particles with a liquid hydrocarbon of about the same 18 temperature will generally be inadequate to cause retention 19 of a sufficient quantity of the fluid within the porous solid.
After saturation of the solid particles with the low 21 density fluid, the particles are slurried in a li~uid carrier, 22 preferably an inorganic carrier liquid, e.g. water. The 23 carrier liquid should not be miscible with the low density 24 fluid material. The slurry may contain about 5 to about 70%, preferably about 20 to about 60% and more preferably about 30 26 to about 50% by weight, of comminuted solids. The treated : `
27 comminuted solids are preferably unreactive with and insoluble 28 in the carrier liquid. Due to economics and availability ~47~73 1 of the carrier liquid, water will ~enerally be the preferred 2 carrier liquid although other equivalents will be obvious 3 to those skilled in the art.
4 The slurry may be transported in bulk, e.g. by tank ~ car, tank truck or tank barge, but is pre~erably transported 6 under pressure through a conduit such as a pipeline. Since 7 the treated comminuted solids of the present invention will 8 have a density more nearly approaching that of the carrier 9 liquid than the solids alone, the ~lurry may be more readily transported through a pipeline under laminar or transitional 11 flow conditions for appreciable periods of time without 12 significant settling of the solid particles. Furthermore, 13 due to the lower apparent density of the comminuted solids, 1~ the flowing slurry will exhibit a decreased pressure drop 1~ under all flow conditions. Where conditions permit, however, 16 transportation under turbulent flow conditions for short 17 periods of time insure homogeneity of the slurry.
18 Saturating the pores of the solid material prior to 19 slurrying the solids in the carrier liquid also has the secondary beneficial effect of preventing the sorption of 21 the carrier by the solid particles, thereby eliminating 22 undesired increases in slurry concentration and wetting of 23 the particles by the carrier liquid.
24 Upon reaching its destination,_the slurry may be 2~ sep~rated by methods known in the art. If, however, the 26 solid mzterial is coal, coke or similar solid fuels and the 27 low density fluid is a liquid hydrocarbon, it is unnecessary 2g to separate the low density fluid from the solid fuel as 2~ both constituents ~ay be simultaneously utilized for heatin~
~urposes, etc.
.~ -iL04~(~73 2 A 5 lb. sample of lignite coal from the Beulah Seam, 3 State of North Dakota, USA, is pulverized so that 95% of the ~ resulting particles pass through a 14-mesh Tyler Series screen. The particles are charred at a temperature of 1800F.
6 for 1 hr. The resulting coal char particles, having an average 7 porosity of 45%, are placed in a container with an equal 8 volume of n-hexane. The mixture is heated to boiling, 9 boiled for about 5 min. and then allowed to cool. The excess n-hexane is decanted from the mixture. The saturated 11 char particles are then slurried with water and transported 12 in a 1" diameter pipeline at the critical velocity of the 13 slurry. The pressure drop in the pipeline for the n-hexane 14 saturated particles is 12% less than for water saturated particles at the same concentration. At the terminal end of 16 the pipeline, the water is separated from the particles by 17 centrifugation. The particles are then heated and a substantial 18 poxtion of the entrapped n-hexane is recovered.
19 It is not intended that this example limit the inven-tion. Rather, all equivalents obvious to those skilled in 21 the art are intended to be incorporated within this inven-22 tion as de~ined in the specification and appended claims.
18 U. S. 3~292,647 to Scott teaches subjecting a wax-19 containing oil, at a temperature below the pour point of the wax, to shearing forces sufficient to break down the wax 21 structure into a fine dispersion, and injecting a gas into 22 the oil to prevent regrowth of the wax crystals.
23 None of the prior art references, however, teach a 24 means of lowering the effective density of porous solids in a li~uid-solids slurry.
26 SUMMAR~ OF THE INVENTION
27 Solids, having a specific gravity greater than 1.0 and 28 having ~ porosity greater than about 10%, are maintained in 7(J73 ~U~pQnsion wlthln a liquid-solids slurry by commlnuting the sollds to an average diameter less than about 2,000 microns, saturating the pores of ~he comminuted solids with a liquid material having a specific gravlty less than about l.0, e.g. a simple liquid hydrocarbon, and then slurrying the comminuted solids in the liquid, preferably water, for subsequent transportation. The low density liquid material should not be miscible with the carrier liquid and remains associated with the solid particles, thereby lowering the effective density of the particles with respect to the carrier liquid~
Broadly stated, the present invention is directed to the improvement in a process of transportlng comminuted solids having a specific gravity 8reater than about l~0 and a porosity greater than about 10% in a liquid carrier ~ as a slurry, comprising sub-,~---s-tantially saturating the pores of the solids with a fluid having ,~... , ~
a specific gravity less than about l.0 and which is no~ miscible with the liquid carrier prior to slurrying the solids in the carrier.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Solids useful with the present invention can be any solids which have a specific gravity greater than about l.0, have an average porosity greater than about 10% and are un-reactive with and insoluble in the carrier liquid. Examples of preferred solids include high porosity coal, heated or calcined coal, partially devolatilized coal, volatilized coal, coal char, coke, retorted oil shale, porous rock mixtures thereof--coal is defined to include the different classifications of coal such as lignite, bituminous and anthracite. Particularly preferred solids are coal and coke. The solids should have a specific gravity greater than about l.0, more preferably greater than about 1.2 and most preferably greater than about 1.4. The solids ~hould have a porosity of about l0 to about 80%, more preferably _ 4 _ r .
~04~73 b~u~ 2û to about 70~ and mo~t preferably about 30 to about 2 60% by volume of the ~olid materlal ln ~, -: :
~ .
:
- 4a -~, .
.
. ~r i " .
., ~
~047073 1 order to re~ain sufficient amounts of a low density material 2 to substantially lower the effective density of the comminuted 3 solids when slurried in the carrier liquid. ThP solid 4 material is pulverized, sheared or otherwise degraded to an average particle size oE about 0.1 to about 2,000 microns, 6 more preferably about 25 to about 1,000 microns, and most ; 7 preferably about 75 to about 500 microns. The process is 8 applicable to any particle sizes that may be transported 9 with liquid as a slurry, although substantial amounts of particles larger -than about 2,000 microns can result in 11 plugging, blockages, etc., of the conduit by the resulting 12 slurry. It is preferred that 95~ of the comminuted solids 13 pass through a 14 mesh Tyler Series screen.
14 The pores of the comminuted solids are then substan-tially saturated, i.e. preferably at least about 75%, with a 16 fluid material having a specific gravity less than about 1.0, 17 more preferably less than about 0.9, and most preferably 18 less than about 0.8, and which will be-retained within the 19 pores of the solid upon subsequent slurrying with the carrier liquid. The fluid material is preferably immiscible in the 21 carrier liquid and more preferably has good retention charac-22 teristics in the pores of the solid--most preferably it will 23 wet the pores of the solids. Preferred fluids include liquid 24 hydrocarbons and substituted derivatives thereof, e.g. hydro-carbons containing less than 5 carbon atoms in the molecule--26 with the la-tter, increased pressure levels may be required 27 to maintain the hydrocarbons in a liquid state within the 28 pores of the particles. Examples of particularly preferred 29 hydrocarbons include pentane, hexane, benzene, etc. Other ~047~3 1 useful hydrocarbons include crude oil, partially refined 2 fractions of crude oil and refined fractions of crude oil.
3 The fluid material should not be present at concentrations 4 and/or conditions within the pipeline such tha~ cavitation of the pumping means on the pipeline system will occur to 6 substantially adversely affect the pumpability of the slurry.
7 In practice, saturation of the pores of the comminuted 8 solids with the low density fluid material may be achieved 9 by boiling the comminuted solid particles in the material, e.g. liquid, for about five minutes, by creating a vacuum 11 in the pores prior to contacting the comminuted solid with 12 the fluid, e.g. by dumping hot particles in cold hydrocarbon 13 or by contacting the fluid material with the solids under 14 a vacuum, by treating the pores of the solid particles to enhance adsorption and~or retention of the fluid material, 16 or by other methods known in the art. Mere mixing of the 17 particles with a liquid hydrocarbon of about the same 18 temperature will generally be inadequate to cause retention 19 of a sufficient quantity of the fluid within the porous solid.
After saturation of the solid particles with the low 21 density fluid, the particles are slurried in a li~uid carrier, 22 preferably an inorganic carrier liquid, e.g. water. The 23 carrier liquid should not be miscible with the low density 24 fluid material. The slurry may contain about 5 to about 70%, preferably about 20 to about 60% and more preferably about 30 26 to about 50% by weight, of comminuted solids. The treated : `
27 comminuted solids are preferably unreactive with and insoluble 28 in the carrier liquid. Due to economics and availability ~47~73 1 of the carrier liquid, water will ~enerally be the preferred 2 carrier liquid although other equivalents will be obvious 3 to those skilled in the art.
4 The slurry may be transported in bulk, e.g. by tank ~ car, tank truck or tank barge, but is pre~erably transported 6 under pressure through a conduit such as a pipeline. Since 7 the treated comminuted solids of the present invention will 8 have a density more nearly approaching that of the carrier 9 liquid than the solids alone, the ~lurry may be more readily transported through a pipeline under laminar or transitional 11 flow conditions for appreciable periods of time without 12 significant settling of the solid particles. Furthermore, 13 due to the lower apparent density of the comminuted solids, 1~ the flowing slurry will exhibit a decreased pressure drop 1~ under all flow conditions. Where conditions permit, however, 16 transportation under turbulent flow conditions for short 17 periods of time insure homogeneity of the slurry.
18 Saturating the pores of the solid material prior to 19 slurrying the solids in the carrier liquid also has the secondary beneficial effect of preventing the sorption of 21 the carrier by the solid particles, thereby eliminating 22 undesired increases in slurry concentration and wetting of 23 the particles by the carrier liquid.
24 Upon reaching its destination,_the slurry may be 2~ sep~rated by methods known in the art. If, however, the 26 solid mzterial is coal, coke or similar solid fuels and the 27 low density fluid is a liquid hydrocarbon, it is unnecessary 2g to separate the low density fluid from the solid fuel as 2~ both constituents ~ay be simultaneously utilized for heatin~
~urposes, etc.
.~ -iL04~(~73 2 A 5 lb. sample of lignite coal from the Beulah Seam, 3 State of North Dakota, USA, is pulverized so that 95% of the ~ resulting particles pass through a 14-mesh Tyler Series screen. The particles are charred at a temperature of 1800F.
6 for 1 hr. The resulting coal char particles, having an average 7 porosity of 45%, are placed in a container with an equal 8 volume of n-hexane. The mixture is heated to boiling, 9 boiled for about 5 min. and then allowed to cool. The excess n-hexane is decanted from the mixture. The saturated 11 char particles are then slurried with water and transported 12 in a 1" diameter pipeline at the critical velocity of the 13 slurry. The pressure drop in the pipeline for the n-hexane 14 saturated particles is 12% less than for water saturated particles at the same concentration. At the terminal end of 16 the pipeline, the water is separated from the particles by 17 centrifugation. The particles are then heated and a substantial 18 poxtion of the entrapped n-hexane is recovered.
19 It is not intended that this example limit the inven-tion. Rather, all equivalents obvious to those skilled in 21 the art are intended to be incorporated within this inven-22 tion as de~ined in the specification and appended claims.
Claims
\
What is claimed is:
In a process of transporting comminuted solids having a specific gravity greater than about 1.0 and a porosity greater than about 10% in a liquid carrier as a slurry, the improvement comprising substantially saturating the pores of the solids with a fluid having a specific gravity less than about 1.0 and which is not miscible with the liquid carrier prior to slurrying the solids in the carrier.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the solids are coal J
partially volatilized coal, volatilized coal, calcined coal, retorted oil shale, coke, coal char, or mixtures thereof.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the solids have a specific gravity greater than about 1.2.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the fluid is a liquid hydrocarbon.
The process of Claim 4 wherein the liquid has a specific gravity less than about 0.9.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the liquid carrier is water.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the slurry is trans-ported through a pipeline.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the slurry contains about 5 to about 70% by weight of the solids.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the solids are com-minuted to an average particle size of about 0.1 to about 2,000 microns.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the slurry is trans-ported in a pipeline system and the fluid is not present at concentrations and conditions within the pipeline such that cavitation of pumping means within the pipeline system will occur to substantially adversely affect the pumpability of the slurry.
In a process of transporting solids having a specific gravity greater than about 1.0 and an average porosity greater than about 10% by comminuting the solids to an average particle size of about 0.1 to about 2,000 microns, slurrying the solids in a water carrier and then transporting the slurry through a pipeline, the improvement comprising saturating the pores of the solids with a liquid having a specific gravity less than about 1.0 prior to slurrying the solids in the carrier.
The process of Claim 11 wherein the liquid is immiscible with the water carrier.
The process of Claim 11 wherein the liquid is a liquid hydrocarbon.
The process of Claim 11 wherein the liquid has a specific gravity less than about 0.9.
The process of Claim 11 wherein the solids are coal, partially volatilized coal, volatilized coal, calcined coal, retorted oil shale, coke, coal char or-mixtures thereof.
The process of Claim 11 wherein the solids have a specific gravity greater than about 1.2.
What is claimed is:
In a process of transporting comminuted solids having a specific gravity greater than about 1.0 and a porosity greater than about 10% in a liquid carrier as a slurry, the improvement comprising substantially saturating the pores of the solids with a fluid having a specific gravity less than about 1.0 and which is not miscible with the liquid carrier prior to slurrying the solids in the carrier.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the solids are coal J
partially volatilized coal, volatilized coal, calcined coal, retorted oil shale, coke, coal char, or mixtures thereof.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the solids have a specific gravity greater than about 1.2.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the fluid is a liquid hydrocarbon.
The process of Claim 4 wherein the liquid has a specific gravity less than about 0.9.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the liquid carrier is water.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the slurry is trans-ported through a pipeline.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the slurry contains about 5 to about 70% by weight of the solids.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the solids are com-minuted to an average particle size of about 0.1 to about 2,000 microns.
The process of Claim 1 wherein the slurry is trans-ported in a pipeline system and the fluid is not present at concentrations and conditions within the pipeline such that cavitation of pumping means within the pipeline system will occur to substantially adversely affect the pumpability of the slurry.
In a process of transporting solids having a specific gravity greater than about 1.0 and an average porosity greater than about 10% by comminuting the solids to an average particle size of about 0.1 to about 2,000 microns, slurrying the solids in a water carrier and then transporting the slurry through a pipeline, the improvement comprising saturating the pores of the solids with a liquid having a specific gravity less than about 1.0 prior to slurrying the solids in the carrier.
The process of Claim 11 wherein the liquid is immiscible with the water carrier.
The process of Claim 11 wherein the liquid is a liquid hydrocarbon.
The process of Claim 11 wherein the liquid has a specific gravity less than about 0.9.
The process of Claim 11 wherein the solids are coal, partially volatilized coal, volatilized coal, calcined coal, retorted oil shale, coke, coal char or-mixtures thereof.
The process of Claim 11 wherein the solids have a specific gravity greater than about 1.2.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/569,515 US4008924A (en) | 1975-04-18 | 1975-04-18 | Process for reducing the settling rate of comminuted porous solids in a water-solids slurry |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1047073A true CA1047073A (en) | 1979-01-23 |
Family
ID=24275760
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA246,700A Expired CA1047073A (en) | 1975-04-18 | 1976-02-27 | Process for reducing the settling rate of comminuted porous solids in a water-solids slurry |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4008924A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR210597A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT346451B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1315276A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7601825A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1047073A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2608474A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2307734A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1510283A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU172985B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN145195B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1056776B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5392830A (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-08-15 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Feeding method and apparatussfor liquid pitch containing clumped coke |
| US6313361B1 (en) | 1996-02-13 | 2001-11-06 | Marathon Oil Company | Formation of a stable wax slurry from a Fischer-Tropsch reactor effluent |
| US7279017B2 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2007-10-09 | Colt Engineering Corporation | Method for converting heavy oil residuum to a useful fuel |
| US7341102B2 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2008-03-11 | Diamond Qc Technologies Inc. | Flue gas injection for heavy oil recovery |
| DE602007011124D1 (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2011-01-27 | Colt Engineering Corp | Carbon dioxide enriched flue gas injection for hydrocarbon recovery |
| EP1935969A1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-06-25 | Diamond QC Technologies Inc. | Multiple polydispersed fuel emulsion |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1508617A (en) * | 1922-07-17 | 1924-09-16 | Eugene P Schoch | Dehydrated lignite and process of producing the same |
| US1598086A (en) * | 1923-11-09 | 1926-08-31 | Kitchen Joseph Moses Ward | Method of and means for preparing fuels |
| US1574174A (en) * | 1924-08-18 | 1926-02-23 | Eugene P Schoch | Dehydrated lignite and process of producing same |
| US2791471A (en) * | 1953-10-26 | 1957-05-07 | Consolidation Coal Co | Transportation of coal by pipeline |
| US3206256A (en) * | 1963-07-15 | 1965-09-14 | Shell Oil Co | Transportation of dispersed solid particles in pipe lines |
| US3302977A (en) * | 1964-11-19 | 1967-02-07 | Continental Oil Co | Method for simultaneously transporting liquids and solids through a common pipeline |
| US3359040A (en) * | 1966-01-06 | 1967-12-19 | Continental Oil Co | Pipelining of solids |
| US3456987A (en) * | 1967-08-29 | 1969-07-22 | Continental Oil Co | Method for transporting potash through a pipeline in slurry form |
-
1975
- 1975-04-18 US US05/569,515 patent/US4008924A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1976
- 1976-02-26 IN IN350/CAL/1976A patent/IN145195B/en unknown
- 1976-02-27 CA CA246,700A patent/CA1047073A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-02-27 IT IT20707/76A patent/IT1056776B/en active
- 1976-02-27 DE DE19762608474 patent/DE2608474A1/en active Pending
- 1976-03-12 GB GB10017/76A patent/GB1510283A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-25 BR BR7601825A patent/BR7601825A/en unknown
- 1976-04-16 AT AT285076A patent/AT346451B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-04-16 HU HU76MA00002761A patent/HU172985B/en unknown
- 1976-04-16 FR FR7611381A patent/FR2307734A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-04-19 AR AR269916A patent/AR210597A1/en active
- 1976-04-20 AU AU13152/76A patent/AU1315276A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1056776B (en) | 1982-02-20 |
| US4008924A (en) | 1977-02-22 |
| IN145195B (en) | 1978-09-09 |
| HU172985B (en) | 1979-01-28 |
| AR210597A1 (en) | 1977-08-31 |
| FR2307734A1 (en) | 1976-11-12 |
| BR7601825A (en) | 1976-10-12 |
| DE2608474A1 (en) | 1976-10-28 |
| ATA285076A (en) | 1978-03-15 |
| AT346451B (en) | 1978-11-10 |
| GB1510283A (en) | 1978-05-10 |
| AU1315276A (en) | 1977-10-27 |
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