CA1045595A - Foam generating sprayer apparatus - Google Patents
Foam generating sprayer apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1045595A CA1045595A CA274,493A CA274493A CA1045595A CA 1045595 A CA1045595 A CA 1045595A CA 274493 A CA274493 A CA 274493A CA 1045595 A CA1045595 A CA 1045595A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- passageway
- sprayer
- producing
- nozzle unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/0005—Components or details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/0018—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam
- B05B7/005—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam wherein ambient air is aspirated by a liquid flow
- B05B7/0056—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam wherein ambient air is aspirated by a liquid flow with disturbing means promoting mixing, e.g. balls, crowns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/12—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1042—Components or details
- B05B11/1052—Actuation means
- B05B11/1056—Actuation means comprising rotatable or articulated levers
- B05B11/1057—Triggers, i.e. actuation means consisting of a single lever having one end rotating or pivoting around an axis or a hinge fixedly attached to the container, and another end directly actuated by the user
Abstract
FOAM GENERATING SPRAYER APPARATUS Abstract of Disclosure A foam generating unit is adjustably mounted for longitudinal movement on a liquid sprayer having an orifice which provides a diverging liquid stream directed into the inlet of the foam generating unit. The foam generating unit includes a foam-generating section most advantageously having a pressure-reducing inlet passageway section including a preferably sharply outwardly tapering portion leading to a throat portion. Air inlet ports are provided communicating with the pressure-reducing passageway, through which ports air is drawn by the reduced pressure caused by the pressure-reducing passageway. The desired foaming action is achieved by adjusting the points of the pressure-reducing passageway section struck by the stream by moving the foam gen-erating unit relative to the orifice.
Description
lQ~S~S
!l ~
BACKGR--U2iD OF THE INVENTION
~¦ r~he present. invention .relates to foam generating nozzles jlwhich, while having applica~ion ~or `the dispensing o~ a wide "
i'' :' ' ' " .
~55~5 -2 variety of chemicals, has its most important application in the dispensing of cleaning chemicals.
The application of chemicals in a foamed condition is ~requently desirable for a number of reasons. Thus, it permits the application of chemicals with lower spray rates and active r chemical content with the advantage of reduced costs. Also, especially when spraying vertical or downwardly acing horizontal surfaces, maximum contact time of the foam~d material on the surface involved is achieved. Additionally, it eliminates the health and safety hazards caused frequently by liquid sprays which by splashing or o~herwise forms tiny droplets or a ine mist which is inhaled and strikes the eyes to cause great dis-comEort and sometimes serious harm to the persons involved. The application of the material in a foamed state reduces or elimi-nates the tiny droplets or mist Eormation which causes these health and safety hazards. ~
The application o agricultural chemlcals by spraying ;
from airplanes and the like by foam generating equipment includinc a nozzle unit which mixes air with the liquid chemical is well known. Occasionally,~cleaning chemicals have been applied by oam-producing aerosol and other type dispensing units~ ~lso, the foaming of a mixture of water and a foaming agen~ issuing fxom a nozzle is in common use by firemen.
.
Many materials su~h as soaps can be readily foamed by mild agitation, and other materials are more difficult to apply
!l ~
BACKGR--U2iD OF THE INVENTION
~¦ r~he present. invention .relates to foam generating nozzles jlwhich, while having applica~ion ~or `the dispensing o~ a wide "
i'' :' ' ' " .
~55~5 -2 variety of chemicals, has its most important application in the dispensing of cleaning chemicals.
The application of chemicals in a foamed condition is ~requently desirable for a number of reasons. Thus, it permits the application of chemicals with lower spray rates and active r chemical content with the advantage of reduced costs. Also, especially when spraying vertical or downwardly acing horizontal surfaces, maximum contact time of the foam~d material on the surface involved is achieved. Additionally, it eliminates the health and safety hazards caused frequently by liquid sprays which by splashing or o~herwise forms tiny droplets or a ine mist which is inhaled and strikes the eyes to cause great dis-comEort and sometimes serious harm to the persons involved. The application of the material in a foamed state reduces or elimi-nates the tiny droplets or mist Eormation which causes these health and safety hazards. ~
The application o agricultural chemlcals by spraying ;
from airplanes and the like by foam generating equipment includinc a nozzle unit which mixes air with the liquid chemical is well known. Occasionally,~cleaning chemicals have been applied by oam-producing aerosol and other type dispensing units~ ~lso, the foaming of a mixture of water and a foaming agen~ issuing fxom a nozzle is in common use by firemen.
.
Many materials su~h as soaps can be readily foamed by mild agitation, and other materials are more difficult to apply
- 2 -. .~
in the foamed condition. Foaming agents can some-times be added to the latter mater.ials to increase their foamability when agitate~
by passage through an aerosol nozzle or when mixed with air in an aerating nozzle.
The type of foam spray obtained by a particular ~oam .
generating nozzle unit is a function of a number of factors, such as the nature of the material being sprayed, the pxessure of the 1 :
material when applied to the nozzle unit and the design of the .~
nozzle unit. Also, the desired consistency o the oam to be : `:
developed by a particular nozzle unit depends upon the particular . ~ :
application involved. Usually, for applications involving a pro- ~. .
longed desired retention on vertical and aownwardly facing hori- ...
zontal surfaces, it is desirable to apply the matexial involved as a thick foam. Thick foams usually comprises small bubbles whic : :
have a maximum penetrating power for porous surfaces. In some applications, the throw of the stream produced by the nbzzle is important to make it convenient to cover large areas with the foam :
product quickly and easily. With some Eoam.generating nozzl.e unit having an adjustment of foam thickness,the desired thickest foam is achieved at a serious sacrifice of stream throw, and so a com- .i promise must be made involving both foam thickness and stream thro~ :
considerations. It is advantageous, therefore, that a given foam ~ : ..
generating nozzle unit be adjustable to provide the desired degree ~ .
o~ foaming action, preerably without much sacrifice of stream ~.
throw. . - ~:
One foam generating sprayer heretofore developed and ove .::.
which the present invention is an improvement i~s the s~ray assemblyj -disclosed in U.S~ Patent No. 3 t 518,647, granted November 11, :: :
' ~
:
l : - 3 ~:`
,` . , '''~' ~` `` ' 1~45595 -4 1975. The foam sprayer disclosed therein provides a progressive control over the degree and quality of foaming action achieved .
with a unique foam generating nozzle unit of the air aspirating type by varying the angle of divergence of a liquid stream issuing from an orifice directed into a pressure-reducing passageway in- r cluding most advantageously a sharply outwardly tapered portion :
terminating in a restricted throat passageway portion opening into an expansion chamber. ~he narrowest useful stream flowing from the orifice is a relatively concentrated liquid stream Which initially strikes the walls of the throat passageway portion to .
produce a stream with a long throw ~ut with a modest degree o foam. B~ progressively increasing khe angle of the stream flowing from the.orifice,the stream becomes less concentrated and progres- :.
sively more mist-like and strikes greater extents o~ the pressure- : .:
reducing passageway including said ~apered portion thereof. An .~ .
unexpectedly sudden increase in Eoaming action occurs with only an ~:~
in5ignificantly modest reduction in the spray throw when the widest :
portion of the diverging stream issuing from the orifice strikes :~.
the end section of the tapered portion of the pressure-reducing :
passageway. Such a spray pattern was found general~y to pxoduce foam with good throw. However, even thicker foams were achieved . : ;
when the widest portion o~ the diverging stream initia1ly strikes :.
the pressure-reducing passageway at points substaDtially behind the end section of the tapered passageway portion but the progressivel~
thicker foams are achieved with progressively reduced throws which reach im ractica magni~tudes after only a small ad3u~tnent.
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~ S595 Many prior art non-foaming sprayers provide for the progressive variation of the angle of divergence of a liquid stream emanating from an orifice by the rotation of a member forming the orifice. The rotatable member is usually threaded over the head of the sprayer and the spray angle is varied as the orifice is variably spaced from another orifice within the sprayer head. It usually takes only a small fraction of a revolution of the rotatable orifice~forming member to vary the spray pattern from the narrowest to the widest angle of divergence involved. The use of such an adjusting means in a foam-producing sprayer of the kind just described makes the adjustment for an optimum foam ~uality a burdensome and some-times difficult operation, It is, accordingly, an object of the present inven-tion to provide an improvement in the foam generating spray apparatus disclosed in said U.S. ~atent No. 3,918,647, which ;
provide a less sensitive more easily adjusted control for varying the foam quality in foam-producing sprayers.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a spra~ generating nozzle unit which provides for an easily controlled variation in the areàs of a foam-producing passageway struck by a stream issuing from an orifice, to enable the user readily to achieve an optimum desired degree of foaming with substan-tial throw distances, where desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
_ ............ ... .. . . ~ .
Broadly speaking, the present invention overcomes the problems of the prior art by providing an adjustable foam ~ -generating sprayer comprising, in combination: sprayer body means defining an inlet section through which liquid can pass, the inlet section including outlet orifice-forming means through which liql~id passes for providing a diverging stream flowing therefrom; and a foam-producing nozzle unit having a foam-producing section adjacent to and downstream ~rom the ," ``?
mb/~
i9S
outlet orifice-forming means which foam-producing section has ~ :
an inlet end which receives the entire variably shaped stream .
issuing from the outlet orifice-forming means, air inlet port- .
forming means in communication with the exterior of the sprayer, :
and foam-producing passageway means communicating with the air inlet port-forming means and the inlet end of the nozzle unit for effecting the aspiration of air through the air inlet port-forming means and the mixing thereof into the liquid stream as ~
the stream through the foam-producing passageway means, the :
foam-producing nozzle unit being adjustably mounted on the :
sprayer body means for movement toward and away from the out-let orifice-forming means, thereby to vary the portions of the passageway means struck by ~he stream, which, in turn ad-justs the quality of the foam of the stream flowing from the :
nozzle unit.
In the present invention, the angle of the diverging liquid stream emanating from the aforementioned orifice is :
more or less fixed at an angle which is preferably a relatively small angle , ' ' :"; ' " " ;~.
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~ mb/~P~ - 5a -1~P4~
of about 20 degrees, where the liquid stream is fairly concen-trated (that is, it is not a fine mist as in the case when the much wider angles are used), and the adjustability of the areas of the pressure-reducing passageway struck by the diver ging stream is achieved by ~odily moving the foam generating ~;
nozzle unit relative to the orifice. In such case, the nozzle unit must be moved axially a substantial distance in compari-son to the distance the said orifice-forming member haa to be moved to encompass the useful limits of adjustability.
Thus, when the nozzle unit of the present invention is threaded over a support member, a large number of turn~ of the noz~le unit is required to move the same over the useful ; range of adjustability.
More importantly, since the characteristics of ;
the diverging stream are not varied during the adjustment described, the stream discharged from the orifice at all times has a reasonably desired high degxee of liquid cOnCentratiQn~ ,;
^ so that more appreciable throws of the foam stream issuing from the sprayer is achieved over a greater proportion of the adjustment of the foam generating no~zle unit, so that thicker foams for a given throw distance can be achieved.
The above described and other advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent upon making reference to the specification to follow, the claims and the drawings.
.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
:'::'`' -' Fig. l is a fragmentary partly broken away ~iew of a bottle containing liquid to be spxayed and a hand operated trig~
~: .-. .
ger sprayer which is removably connected to the top of the bottle ~
'~
:
~'. ' "
~b/~ 6 - ~
~ "' , , , , , . . . , . ' . , '. ' . . '.: ~ ~
I ~s~
_7 nvol-~ed and which includes the nozzle unit constituting the most referred form o~ the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a ~luid-airecting member ~orming part of the sprayer of Fig. l;
¦ Fig. 3 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary sectional view rough the foam producing portions o the sprayer o~ Fig. 1 beEore e trigger lever has been compressed;
~ Fig. 4 is a view corresponding to Fig. 3 after the trig-ger lever has been compressed to cause liquid ko flow through the 3prayer, and shows the position o~ an adjustable nozzle unit which produces a relative thick foa~ but with less than the greatest ~mount o~ throw;
.
Fig. 5 is a view corresponding to ~iq. 4 where the noz-zle unit has been adjusted to produce somewhat less thick foam but ith greater throw; and , . . .
Fig. 6 is a view corresponding to Fig. 4 where the noz-le unit is adjusted to produce a relatively thin foam.
DESCRIPTION OF P~EFERRED EMBODIMENT
OF INVENTION
.... ' ~ ' ~ .
- Refer now more particularly to Fig. 1 which shows the resent invention applied to a sprayer 10 like the non-foaming and~trigger sprayer shown in U.S. Patent No. 3j685,739 granted ~ugust 22, 1972. The hand trigger sprayer 10 has an internall~
hreaded collar 12 adapted to thread over the neck of a container I ;
13. Depending downwardly from the collar 12 is an inlet ~ube 14 . `: ' , . . , . ', ,. . . ..
.. . ..
45595 -8 1 ~
hrough which liquid is drawn from the container in the manner disclosed in said U,S. Patent No. 3,685,739, upon the s~ueezing of I
lever 16 pivoted at a point 18 to the maln body 20 of the sprayer The main body 20 of the sprayer includes a liquid-re-ceiving char~er 22 in which is mounted a piston member 24 urged by . . ..
a spring 26 into an outer position~ When the lever 16 i5 squeeæea, r ., piston 24 compresses the spring 26 and reduces -the size o~ the ¦chamber 22 so that liquid delivered to the chamber 22 will be ¦Iforced through a first longitudinal passageway 28 opening onto an enlarged passageway 30 communicating with a discharge orifice 32 1 :
formed in the head portion 34 of an insert member 36. Mounted for ¦ .;
limited longitudinal movement in the passageway 30 is a liquid-directing membe.r 38. The main bod~ 20, as well as insert member ¦
36 and liquid-directing member 38 may be molded of an~ suitable synthetic plastic material.
: '~
. The liquid-directing mer~er 38 has a flat rear ace 39 ~
adapted to engage and seal about shoulder 40 surroundin~ the ¦ : I
poin-t at which the passageway 28 opens onto the passageway 30, when the lever 16 is in its uncompressed position. The force of ~::
the liquid flowing from the chamber 22 upon s~ueeæing o:E the lever 16 forces the liquid-directiny member 38 forwardly in the passage-way 30, permitting the flow of liquid around the fluid-directing ;:~-mer~ber 38.
The li~uid-directing member 38 has a small shallow recess 42 in the front wall thereof opening onto the lateral sides of the mer~ber through entr~ays 44-44. The original purpose of the:recess 42 and entrvways 44-44 is to permit liquid to gain access to the orifice 32 should this member be permitted to move . . . ~','.'.',':, . :: .
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`, . ~ . . . .. . ~ ~ , , . ,. . ., ~:
1~5595 -9 ~ ~
I! fully forwardly within the passageway 30, as in -the case of the ¦
design of the sprayer before the modifications -thexeto in accord l ance with the present invention were made.
¦¦ The passageway 30 is defined by the cylindrical interiorl, 46 of the insert ~ember 36 which has a cylindrical skirt portion ,`
36a friction fitted or otherwise secured within a cylindrical externally threaded extension 20a of the sprayer body 20. The ¦ skirt portion 36a of the insert member defines a rearwardly acing interior shoulder 36b having a function to be explained. ¦ -The head portion 34 of the insert member 36 is shownprojecting slightly oukside of the sprayer body 20, and a foam-producing nozzle unit 52, which may be molded of synthetic plastic I makerial, is threaded on the threaded exterior portion 53 of the cylindrical extension 20a of the sprayer body 20. The foam~
producing nozzle unit 52 has a cylindrical head portion 52a with a threaded inner wall surace 54a engaging the threaded exterior ;~
portion 53 of the sprayer body extension 20a. The threaded in~er wall surface defines an inlet chamber 54 into which the orifice 32 of the insert member 36 o~ens. The threads of the cylindrical sprayer body extension are longitudinally slotted at a number of points, such as 90 spaced apart points 55, to provide axial alr ;
inlet passageways extending from the base of the sprayer body ~ I
extension to the outer end thereof, where they communicate with the inlet chamber 54. The threading on the spra~er body extension 20a -terminates short of the inner end thereof/ so the foam-producing nozzle unit cannot be rotated to a point w~er~ it shuts off the inner ends of the air inlet slots a-t 55 from the surround-~ng atmc phere.
, .' .' ' ~ 9 ~ ~' , j;
~0455,95 -lo 1l ! The inlet ch~nber 54 of the nozzle unit 52 terminates in a pressure-reducing passageway which, most advantageously, in-cludes a sharply forwardly tapered passageway portion 56 which, in !
turn, terminates in a cylindrical throat portion 58 opening onto ¦an expansion chamber 60. The liquid stream 61 (Figs. 4-6~ passing ! into the inlet chamber 54 has a forwardly diverging angle of pre-ferably about 15-25 degrees, and most preferably about 20 degrees Ilfor the particular sprayer illustrated. The pressure-reducing ¦¦passageway is sized so that the widest portion of the stream 61 ¦will strike various parts of the tapered passageway portion 56 including the end section thereof and also preferably the interior¦
of the throat portion 58, for the various possible positions of adjustment of the nozzle unit, as shown, for example, by the different positions thereof in Figs. 4-6.
The angle of the stream 61 issuing from the orifice 32 is t a function of the spacing between the inner sur~ace o the recess 42 in the front face of the fluid-directing member 38 and the ori~ice 32. If the front of the fluid-directing member 38 shown is against the head portion 34 of the insert member 36, the angle o~ the stream diverging from the orifice 32 will pxobably not be at a desired angle to strike the desired.portions o~ the tapered :
portion 56 of the pressure-reducing passageway of the nozzle unit 52. The fluid-airecting member 38 is provided wi-th radially extending movement guiding ribs 62 (Fig. 2) which define liquid passage spaces 63 therebetween. The ribs 62 are provided with shoulders 62a which strike the shoulder 36b in the skirt portion ~ 36a of the insert member 36 when the f~ron~ face of the fluid-! directing memb2r 38 reaches the proper spacing from the head l portion 34 of the insert member 36 which provides the most desired~
¦ angle for opti~um foaming action and spray ~hrow.
II - ID-11 . ~ 1 1045595 -ll As previously indicated, and as shown in Figs. 4-6, a significant degree of movement of the foam-producing nozzle unit 5~ is required to vary the useful adjustable points of the pres-sure-reducing passageway struck by the widest portion of the rel-atively concentrated liquid stream emanating from the orifice 32. r This movement requires a number of turns of the nozzle unit 52. .
. . ~:' The angle o divergence of the stream emanating from the :~
orifice 32 is not only a function of the relative spaci.ng of the fluid-directing member 3~ in its.forwardmost position from the orifice 32, but it is also somewhat a factor of the characteris-tics .
and particularly the viscosity of the spray material involved.
Thus, the adjustable foam-producing nozzle unit o~ the invention :~
may be conveniently used for the purpose of either varying the characteristics of the foam spray of a fixed matexial or for the purpose of obtaining with dif~eren-t matexials a given desired :
oam quality. Thus, if the desired characteristics is always the ~hickest foam with an appreciable throw, the present invention has utility to effect this end with a variety of spray materials ..
having substantially different viscosities. On the other hand, where the adjustable foam-proclucing nozæle unit of the invention .
is always utilized by a given user for the same material, the~
advanta~e of the invention is primarily in givlng the user an ad- :
jus~ment over the degree of foaming action obtained. Accordingly, :~
if for a given application it is desired to have little or no foaming action, the foam-producing nozzle unit is adjusted so that the widest portion of the diverging stream strikes the interlor of .
the throat portion 58 of the nozzle un.it, as shown in Fiq. G. As previously indicated, optimum foaming action with maximum throw ~' I ~
.~ I ' . . . : , , , ,' I ~4S~95 -12 is generally obtained when the widest portion of the stream issuing from the orifice 32 strikes the end portion of -the tapered ¦
passageway portion 52, as shown in Fig. 5. The adjustment of the foam producing unit shown in Fig. 4 produces a thicker oam, with ¦somewhat reduced throw, rom that obtained when the widest portion ~;~
. ¦ Qf the diverging stream strikes the end sec~ion of the tapered por-¦tion 5Z, as shown in Fig. 3. ;
While the present invention has applicabili-ty to foam-producing nozzle units having a variety of different foam-producing passageway configurations, it is believed that the best foaming action is achieved with the succession of passageways shown ~or the foam-producing nozzle unit 52, as illustrated. In this pxe- ~ -ferred form of the invention, the tapering portion 56a of the pressure-reducing passageway of the nozzle unit is sharply tapered so as to subtend an angle of about at least abouk 60 degreesm wher~
the walls thereof incline at least about 30 degrees to the longi-tudinal axisO
,. . - ' :' A greatly increased foaming action is achieved by pro-viding the expansion chamber 60 beyond the point where~the pressux~ _ I reduciny passageway terminates, that is beyond the throa~ portion S8. The expansion chamber 60 appears to have little or no effect 1n creating an overall enhanced oaming action when~the liquid discharged from the throat portion 58 has not yet been appreciably foamed, so that the main benefit of the expansion chamber is in its!
combination with a foam producing passageway. I
1~ ~
. 'I . ' 1~4SS9S -13 ¦ While the length to diame~er ratios of the various passageways and chambers described may vary widely, there are I :
¦extremes of these ratios which can serious].y adversely afect ~ -~Ithe operability of -the foam-producing nozz].e uni-t 52. For exampleJ
¦Ithe length to diameter ratio of the throat portion 58 of the . ~
! pressure reducing passageway of the nozzle unit 52 illustrated is : -1 approximately between 3 or 4 to l. If the length of the throat ~-i portion illustrated were to be greatly extended, while a greater ::
¦1contact time between the li~uid and the pressure reducing passage~
way may cause an increased foam thickness, the frictional forces involved can reduce the flow velocity to a point where the foamed ¦ :
material may be discharged with insuf~icient force to travel to th~ ;
surface to.be cleaned. Similarly, if the leng-th ko diameter ratio~
of the expansion chamber 60 were to be increased materially from an : -optimum length, the rictional forces involved would reduce the ¦ ~
velocity of the foamed material discharged from the end of the noz1 ~.
~ zle attachment to a point where an inadequate quantity of the mate- :
: rial will reach the surface to be cleaned~ The e~pansion chamber .
60 has a diameter preferably at least about twice -the diameter o the throat portion 58, and a length to diameter ratio fallinq in the range of about rom 7 to about 20, and most preferably between .
about lO to 16. .
It should be understood from what has been stated above .
that numerous modifications may be made in the most preferred form .
of the invention shown in the drawings and described without de-i viating fFom the broader aspects of the Lnven~tioo. ¦
.-~ 13 -: ,"~ ':
in the foamed condition. Foaming agents can some-times be added to the latter mater.ials to increase their foamability when agitate~
by passage through an aerosol nozzle or when mixed with air in an aerating nozzle.
The type of foam spray obtained by a particular ~oam .
generating nozzle unit is a function of a number of factors, such as the nature of the material being sprayed, the pxessure of the 1 :
material when applied to the nozzle unit and the design of the .~
nozzle unit. Also, the desired consistency o the oam to be : `:
developed by a particular nozzle unit depends upon the particular . ~ :
application involved. Usually, for applications involving a pro- ~. .
longed desired retention on vertical and aownwardly facing hori- ...
zontal surfaces, it is desirable to apply the matexial involved as a thick foam. Thick foams usually comprises small bubbles whic : :
have a maximum penetrating power for porous surfaces. In some applications, the throw of the stream produced by the nbzzle is important to make it convenient to cover large areas with the foam :
product quickly and easily. With some Eoam.generating nozzl.e unit having an adjustment of foam thickness,the desired thickest foam is achieved at a serious sacrifice of stream throw, and so a com- .i promise must be made involving both foam thickness and stream thro~ :
considerations. It is advantageous, therefore, that a given foam ~ : ..
generating nozzle unit be adjustable to provide the desired degree ~ .
o~ foaming action, preerably without much sacrifice of stream ~.
throw. . - ~:
One foam generating sprayer heretofore developed and ove .::.
which the present invention is an improvement i~s the s~ray assemblyj -disclosed in U.S~ Patent No. 3 t 518,647, granted November 11, :: :
' ~
:
l : - 3 ~:`
,` . , '''~' ~` `` ' 1~45595 -4 1975. The foam sprayer disclosed therein provides a progressive control over the degree and quality of foaming action achieved .
with a unique foam generating nozzle unit of the air aspirating type by varying the angle of divergence of a liquid stream issuing from an orifice directed into a pressure-reducing passageway in- r cluding most advantageously a sharply outwardly tapered portion :
terminating in a restricted throat passageway portion opening into an expansion chamber. ~he narrowest useful stream flowing from the orifice is a relatively concentrated liquid stream Which initially strikes the walls of the throat passageway portion to .
produce a stream with a long throw ~ut with a modest degree o foam. B~ progressively increasing khe angle of the stream flowing from the.orifice,the stream becomes less concentrated and progres- :.
sively more mist-like and strikes greater extents o~ the pressure- : .:
reducing passageway including said ~apered portion thereof. An .~ .
unexpectedly sudden increase in Eoaming action occurs with only an ~:~
in5ignificantly modest reduction in the spray throw when the widest :
portion of the diverging stream issuing from the orifice strikes :~.
the end section of the tapered portion of the pressure-reducing :
passageway. Such a spray pattern was found general~y to pxoduce foam with good throw. However, even thicker foams were achieved . : ;
when the widest portion o~ the diverging stream initia1ly strikes :.
the pressure-reducing passageway at points substaDtially behind the end section of the tapered passageway portion but the progressivel~
thicker foams are achieved with progressively reduced throws which reach im ractica magni~tudes after only a small ad3u~tnent.
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.
~' . ' . '' ~ ".
~ S595 Many prior art non-foaming sprayers provide for the progressive variation of the angle of divergence of a liquid stream emanating from an orifice by the rotation of a member forming the orifice. The rotatable member is usually threaded over the head of the sprayer and the spray angle is varied as the orifice is variably spaced from another orifice within the sprayer head. It usually takes only a small fraction of a revolution of the rotatable orifice~forming member to vary the spray pattern from the narrowest to the widest angle of divergence involved. The use of such an adjusting means in a foam-producing sprayer of the kind just described makes the adjustment for an optimum foam ~uality a burdensome and some-times difficult operation, It is, accordingly, an object of the present inven-tion to provide an improvement in the foam generating spray apparatus disclosed in said U.S. ~atent No. 3,918,647, which ;
provide a less sensitive more easily adjusted control for varying the foam quality in foam-producing sprayers.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a spra~ generating nozzle unit which provides for an easily controlled variation in the areàs of a foam-producing passageway struck by a stream issuing from an orifice, to enable the user readily to achieve an optimum desired degree of foaming with substan-tial throw distances, where desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
_ ............ ... .. . . ~ .
Broadly speaking, the present invention overcomes the problems of the prior art by providing an adjustable foam ~ -generating sprayer comprising, in combination: sprayer body means defining an inlet section through which liquid can pass, the inlet section including outlet orifice-forming means through which liql~id passes for providing a diverging stream flowing therefrom; and a foam-producing nozzle unit having a foam-producing section adjacent to and downstream ~rom the ," ``?
mb/~
i9S
outlet orifice-forming means which foam-producing section has ~ :
an inlet end which receives the entire variably shaped stream .
issuing from the outlet orifice-forming means, air inlet port- .
forming means in communication with the exterior of the sprayer, :
and foam-producing passageway means communicating with the air inlet port-forming means and the inlet end of the nozzle unit for effecting the aspiration of air through the air inlet port-forming means and the mixing thereof into the liquid stream as ~
the stream through the foam-producing passageway means, the :
foam-producing nozzle unit being adjustably mounted on the :
sprayer body means for movement toward and away from the out-let orifice-forming means, thereby to vary the portions of the passageway means struck by ~he stream, which, in turn ad-justs the quality of the foam of the stream flowing from the :
nozzle unit.
In the present invention, the angle of the diverging liquid stream emanating from the aforementioned orifice is :
more or less fixed at an angle which is preferably a relatively small angle , ' ' :"; ' " " ;~.
.' :''': ' ~ ~ .
~ mb/~P~ - 5a -1~P4~
of about 20 degrees, where the liquid stream is fairly concen-trated (that is, it is not a fine mist as in the case when the much wider angles are used), and the adjustability of the areas of the pressure-reducing passageway struck by the diver ging stream is achieved by ~odily moving the foam generating ~;
nozzle unit relative to the orifice. In such case, the nozzle unit must be moved axially a substantial distance in compari-son to the distance the said orifice-forming member haa to be moved to encompass the useful limits of adjustability.
Thus, when the nozzle unit of the present invention is threaded over a support member, a large number of turn~ of the noz~le unit is required to move the same over the useful ; range of adjustability.
More importantly, since the characteristics of ;
the diverging stream are not varied during the adjustment described, the stream discharged from the orifice at all times has a reasonably desired high degxee of liquid cOnCentratiQn~ ,;
^ so that more appreciable throws of the foam stream issuing from the sprayer is achieved over a greater proportion of the adjustment of the foam generating no~zle unit, so that thicker foams for a given throw distance can be achieved.
The above described and other advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent upon making reference to the specification to follow, the claims and the drawings.
.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
:'::'`' -' Fig. l is a fragmentary partly broken away ~iew of a bottle containing liquid to be spxayed and a hand operated trig~
~: .-. .
ger sprayer which is removably connected to the top of the bottle ~
'~
:
~'. ' "
~b/~ 6 - ~
~ "' , , , , , . . . , . ' . , '. ' . . '.: ~ ~
I ~s~
_7 nvol-~ed and which includes the nozzle unit constituting the most referred form o~ the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a ~luid-airecting member ~orming part of the sprayer of Fig. l;
¦ Fig. 3 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary sectional view rough the foam producing portions o the sprayer o~ Fig. 1 beEore e trigger lever has been compressed;
~ Fig. 4 is a view corresponding to Fig. 3 after the trig-ger lever has been compressed to cause liquid ko flow through the 3prayer, and shows the position o~ an adjustable nozzle unit which produces a relative thick foa~ but with less than the greatest ~mount o~ throw;
.
Fig. 5 is a view corresponding to ~iq. 4 where the noz-zle unit has been adjusted to produce somewhat less thick foam but ith greater throw; and , . . .
Fig. 6 is a view corresponding to Fig. 4 where the noz-le unit is adjusted to produce a relatively thin foam.
DESCRIPTION OF P~EFERRED EMBODIMENT
OF INVENTION
.... ' ~ ' ~ .
- Refer now more particularly to Fig. 1 which shows the resent invention applied to a sprayer 10 like the non-foaming and~trigger sprayer shown in U.S. Patent No. 3j685,739 granted ~ugust 22, 1972. The hand trigger sprayer 10 has an internall~
hreaded collar 12 adapted to thread over the neck of a container I ;
13. Depending downwardly from the collar 12 is an inlet ~ube 14 . `: ' , . . , . ', ,. . . ..
.. . ..
45595 -8 1 ~
hrough which liquid is drawn from the container in the manner disclosed in said U,S. Patent No. 3,685,739, upon the s~ueezing of I
lever 16 pivoted at a point 18 to the maln body 20 of the sprayer The main body 20 of the sprayer includes a liquid-re-ceiving char~er 22 in which is mounted a piston member 24 urged by . . ..
a spring 26 into an outer position~ When the lever 16 i5 squeeæea, r ., piston 24 compresses the spring 26 and reduces -the size o~ the ¦chamber 22 so that liquid delivered to the chamber 22 will be ¦Iforced through a first longitudinal passageway 28 opening onto an enlarged passageway 30 communicating with a discharge orifice 32 1 :
formed in the head portion 34 of an insert member 36. Mounted for ¦ .;
limited longitudinal movement in the passageway 30 is a liquid-directing membe.r 38. The main bod~ 20, as well as insert member ¦
36 and liquid-directing member 38 may be molded of an~ suitable synthetic plastic material.
: '~
. The liquid-directing mer~er 38 has a flat rear ace 39 ~
adapted to engage and seal about shoulder 40 surroundin~ the ¦ : I
poin-t at which the passageway 28 opens onto the passageway 30, when the lever 16 is in its uncompressed position. The force of ~::
the liquid flowing from the chamber 22 upon s~ueeæing o:E the lever 16 forces the liquid-directiny member 38 forwardly in the passage-way 30, permitting the flow of liquid around the fluid-directing ;:~-mer~ber 38.
The li~uid-directing member 38 has a small shallow recess 42 in the front wall thereof opening onto the lateral sides of the mer~ber through entr~ays 44-44. The original purpose of the:recess 42 and entrvways 44-44 is to permit liquid to gain access to the orifice 32 should this member be permitted to move . . . ~','.'.',':, . :: .
- 8 - .
. .
`, . ~ . . . .. . ~ ~ , , . ,. . ., ~:
1~5595 -9 ~ ~
I! fully forwardly within the passageway 30, as in -the case of the ¦
design of the sprayer before the modifications -thexeto in accord l ance with the present invention were made.
¦¦ The passageway 30 is defined by the cylindrical interiorl, 46 of the insert ~ember 36 which has a cylindrical skirt portion ,`
36a friction fitted or otherwise secured within a cylindrical externally threaded extension 20a of the sprayer body 20. The ¦ skirt portion 36a of the insert member defines a rearwardly acing interior shoulder 36b having a function to be explained. ¦ -The head portion 34 of the insert member 36 is shownprojecting slightly oukside of the sprayer body 20, and a foam-producing nozzle unit 52, which may be molded of synthetic plastic I makerial, is threaded on the threaded exterior portion 53 of the cylindrical extension 20a of the sprayer body 20. The foam~
producing nozzle unit 52 has a cylindrical head portion 52a with a threaded inner wall surace 54a engaging the threaded exterior ;~
portion 53 of the sprayer body extension 20a. The threaded in~er wall surface defines an inlet chamber 54 into which the orifice 32 of the insert member 36 o~ens. The threads of the cylindrical sprayer body extension are longitudinally slotted at a number of points, such as 90 spaced apart points 55, to provide axial alr ;
inlet passageways extending from the base of the sprayer body ~ I
extension to the outer end thereof, where they communicate with the inlet chamber 54. The threading on the spra~er body extension 20a -terminates short of the inner end thereof/ so the foam-producing nozzle unit cannot be rotated to a point w~er~ it shuts off the inner ends of the air inlet slots a-t 55 from the surround-~ng atmc phere.
, .' .' ' ~ 9 ~ ~' , j;
~0455,95 -lo 1l ! The inlet ch~nber 54 of the nozzle unit 52 terminates in a pressure-reducing passageway which, most advantageously, in-cludes a sharply forwardly tapered passageway portion 56 which, in !
turn, terminates in a cylindrical throat portion 58 opening onto ¦an expansion chamber 60. The liquid stream 61 (Figs. 4-6~ passing ! into the inlet chamber 54 has a forwardly diverging angle of pre-ferably about 15-25 degrees, and most preferably about 20 degrees Ilfor the particular sprayer illustrated. The pressure-reducing ¦¦passageway is sized so that the widest portion of the stream 61 ¦will strike various parts of the tapered passageway portion 56 including the end section thereof and also preferably the interior¦
of the throat portion 58, for the various possible positions of adjustment of the nozzle unit, as shown, for example, by the different positions thereof in Figs. 4-6.
The angle of the stream 61 issuing from the orifice 32 is t a function of the spacing between the inner sur~ace o the recess 42 in the front face of the fluid-directing member 38 and the ori~ice 32. If the front of the fluid-directing member 38 shown is against the head portion 34 of the insert member 36, the angle o~ the stream diverging from the orifice 32 will pxobably not be at a desired angle to strike the desired.portions o~ the tapered :
portion 56 of the pressure-reducing passageway of the nozzle unit 52. The fluid-airecting member 38 is provided wi-th radially extending movement guiding ribs 62 (Fig. 2) which define liquid passage spaces 63 therebetween. The ribs 62 are provided with shoulders 62a which strike the shoulder 36b in the skirt portion ~ 36a of the insert member 36 when the f~ron~ face of the fluid-! directing memb2r 38 reaches the proper spacing from the head l portion 34 of the insert member 36 which provides the most desired~
¦ angle for opti~um foaming action and spray ~hrow.
II - ID-11 . ~ 1 1045595 -ll As previously indicated, and as shown in Figs. 4-6, a significant degree of movement of the foam-producing nozzle unit 5~ is required to vary the useful adjustable points of the pres-sure-reducing passageway struck by the widest portion of the rel-atively concentrated liquid stream emanating from the orifice 32. r This movement requires a number of turns of the nozzle unit 52. .
. . ~:' The angle o divergence of the stream emanating from the :~
orifice 32 is not only a function of the relative spaci.ng of the fluid-directing member 3~ in its.forwardmost position from the orifice 32, but it is also somewhat a factor of the characteris-tics .
and particularly the viscosity of the spray material involved.
Thus, the adjustable foam-producing nozzle unit o~ the invention :~
may be conveniently used for the purpose of either varying the characteristics of the foam spray of a fixed matexial or for the purpose of obtaining with dif~eren-t matexials a given desired :
oam quality. Thus, if the desired characteristics is always the ~hickest foam with an appreciable throw, the present invention has utility to effect this end with a variety of spray materials ..
having substantially different viscosities. On the other hand, where the adjustable foam-proclucing nozæle unit of the invention .
is always utilized by a given user for the same material, the~
advanta~e of the invention is primarily in givlng the user an ad- :
jus~ment over the degree of foaming action obtained. Accordingly, :~
if for a given application it is desired to have little or no foaming action, the foam-producing nozzle unit is adjusted so that the widest portion of the diverging stream strikes the interlor of .
the throat portion 58 of the nozzle un.it, as shown in Fiq. G. As previously indicated, optimum foaming action with maximum throw ~' I ~
.~ I ' . . . : , , , ,' I ~4S~95 -12 is generally obtained when the widest portion of the stream issuing from the orifice 32 strikes the end portion of -the tapered ¦
passageway portion 52, as shown in Fig. 5. The adjustment of the foam producing unit shown in Fig. 4 produces a thicker oam, with ¦somewhat reduced throw, rom that obtained when the widest portion ~;~
. ¦ Qf the diverging stream strikes the end sec~ion of the tapered por-¦tion 5Z, as shown in Fig. 3. ;
While the present invention has applicabili-ty to foam-producing nozzle units having a variety of different foam-producing passageway configurations, it is believed that the best foaming action is achieved with the succession of passageways shown ~or the foam-producing nozzle unit 52, as illustrated. In this pxe- ~ -ferred form of the invention, the tapering portion 56a of the pressure-reducing passageway of the nozzle unit is sharply tapered so as to subtend an angle of about at least abouk 60 degreesm wher~
the walls thereof incline at least about 30 degrees to the longi-tudinal axisO
,. . - ' :' A greatly increased foaming action is achieved by pro-viding the expansion chamber 60 beyond the point where~the pressux~ _ I reduciny passageway terminates, that is beyond the throa~ portion S8. The expansion chamber 60 appears to have little or no effect 1n creating an overall enhanced oaming action when~the liquid discharged from the throat portion 58 has not yet been appreciably foamed, so that the main benefit of the expansion chamber is in its!
combination with a foam producing passageway. I
1~ ~
. 'I . ' 1~4SS9S -13 ¦ While the length to diame~er ratios of the various passageways and chambers described may vary widely, there are I :
¦extremes of these ratios which can serious].y adversely afect ~ -~Ithe operability of -the foam-producing nozz].e uni-t 52. For exampleJ
¦Ithe length to diameter ratio of the throat portion 58 of the . ~
! pressure reducing passageway of the nozzle unit 52 illustrated is : -1 approximately between 3 or 4 to l. If the length of the throat ~-i portion illustrated were to be greatly extended, while a greater ::
¦1contact time between the li~uid and the pressure reducing passage~
way may cause an increased foam thickness, the frictional forces involved can reduce the flow velocity to a point where the foamed ¦ :
material may be discharged with insuf~icient force to travel to th~ ;
surface to.be cleaned. Similarly, if the leng-th ko diameter ratio~
of the expansion chamber 60 were to be increased materially from an : -optimum length, the rictional forces involved would reduce the ¦ ~
velocity of the foamed material discharged from the end of the noz1 ~.
~ zle attachment to a point where an inadequate quantity of the mate- :
: rial will reach the surface to be cleaned~ The e~pansion chamber .
60 has a diameter preferably at least about twice -the diameter o the throat portion 58, and a length to diameter ratio fallinq in the range of about rom 7 to about 20, and most preferably between .
about lO to 16. .
It should be understood from what has been stated above .
that numerous modifications may be made in the most preferred form .
of the invention shown in the drawings and described without de-i viating fFom the broader aspects of the Lnven~tioo. ¦
.-~ 13 -: ,"~ ':
Claims (10)
1. An adjustable foam generating sprayer comprising, in combination: sprayer body means defining an inlet section through which liquid can pass, said inlet section including outlet orifice-forming means through which liquid passes for providing a diverging stream flowing therefrom; and a foam-producing nozzle unit having a foam-producing section adjacent to and downstream from said outlet orifice-forcing means which foam-producing section has an inlet end which receives the entire variably shaped stream issuing from said outlet orifice-forming means, air inlet port-forming means in communication with the exterior of the sprayer, and foam-producing passageway means communicating with said air inlet port-forming means and said inlet end of the nozzle unit for effecting the aspiration of air through said air inlet port-forming means and the mixing thereof into the liquid stream as the stream through said foam-producing passageway means, said foam-producing nozzle unit being adjustably mounted on said sprayer body means for movement toward and away from said outlet orifice-forming means,thereby to vary the portions of the passageway means struck by the stream, which, in turn adjusts the quality of the foam of the stream flowing from the nozzle unit.
2. The sprayer of claim 1 wherein said passageway means includes an outwardly tapered portion merging with a throat portion
3. The sprayer of claim 2 wherein said passageway means is positioned with respect to said orifice-forming means so the diverging stream issuing from the latter strikes progressively increasing areas of said outwardly tapered and throat portions of said pressure-reducing passageway means as the position of said nozzle unit is adjusted.
4. The sprayer of claim 2 wherein the spacing of said orifice-forming means from said tapered portion of said pressure-reducing passageway means is such that the diverging stream issuing therefrom strikes progressively increasing areas of said tapered portion of said passageway means as the position of the nozzle unit is adjusted.
5. The sprayer of claim 3 wherein said nozzle unit is rotatably threaded over a portion of said sprayer body means so it must be rotated a number of revolutions to position said diverging stream to strike said areas of said tapered and throat portions of said passageway means.
6. The sprayer of claim 1 wherein said sprayer body means has an externally threaded cylindrical extension, said in orifice-forming means being positioned radially inwardly thereof, a foam-producing nozzle unit having an internally threaded cylin-drical inlet chamber whose defining walls are threaded over said externally threaded cylindrical extension of the sprayer body means, said inlet chamber of said nozzle unit merging with said foam-producing passageway means.
7. The sprayer of claim 6 wherein said foam-producing passageway means comprises a forwardly tapering portion merging with a throat portion.
8. The sprayer of claim 6 wherein the said externally threaded cylindrical extension of said sprayer body means has at least one longitudinal continuous slot formed in the threads there-of extending from the outer end portion thereof to a point where it communicates with the exterior of the sprayer, said slot form-ing said air inlet port-forming means.
9. The sprayer of claim 4 wherein said tapered portion of said foam-producing passageway. means tapers sharply at an angle of at least about 30 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis thereof.
10. The sprayer of claim 1 wherein said inlet end of said body means defines a first passageway terminating in an end opening onto a second passageway terminating in said orifice-form-ing means, a fluid-directing member mounted for longitudinal move-ment in said second passageway between a position where suction at the inlet end draws the same into sealing relationship with the end of said first passageway and a second position under conditions of fluid pressure, permitting passage of liquid from said first passageway to the orifice-forming means at the end of said second passageway where a diverging stream of a desired angle is obtained.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/669,649 US4013228A (en) | 1974-11-14 | 1976-03-23 | Foam generating sprayer apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1045595A true CA1045595A (en) | 1979-01-02 |
Family
ID=24687161
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA274,493A Expired CA1045595A (en) | 1976-03-23 | 1977-03-22 | Foam generating sprayer apparatus |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS52116919A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1045595A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2712578A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2345220A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1532736A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1086219B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4779803A (en) * | 1986-08-11 | 1988-10-25 | Calmar, Inc. | Manually actuated liquid sprayer |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1090748A (en) * | 1978-06-27 | 1980-12-02 | Paul R. Stoesser | Foam-generating device for a pump sprayer |
| US4365751A (en) * | 1980-09-26 | 1982-12-28 | Yoshino Kogyosho Co., Ltd. | Trigger type liquid injector |
| GB2298808A (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-09-18 | Joseph Henry Combellack | Twin-fluid nozzle for atomising a liquid |
-
1977
- 1977-03-21 GB GB11765/77A patent/GB1532736A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-22 FR FR7708584A patent/FR2345220A1/en active Granted
- 1977-03-22 IT IT7721552A patent/IT1086219B/en active
- 1977-03-22 DE DE19772712578 patent/DE2712578A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-03-22 CA CA274,493A patent/CA1045595A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-23 JP JP3200077A patent/JPS52116919A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4779803A (en) * | 1986-08-11 | 1988-10-25 | Calmar, Inc. | Manually actuated liquid sprayer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS52116919A (en) | 1977-09-30 |
| DE2712578A1 (en) | 1977-10-06 |
| FR2345220A1 (en) | 1977-10-21 |
| GB1532736A (en) | 1978-11-22 |
| IT1086219B (en) | 1985-05-28 |
| FR2345220B3 (en) | 1980-02-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 19960102 |