CA1036852A - Comparison microscope - Google Patents
Comparison microscopeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1036852A CA1036852A CA219,488A CA219488A CA1036852A CA 1036852 A CA1036852 A CA 1036852A CA 219488 A CA219488 A CA 219488A CA 1036852 A CA1036852 A CA 1036852A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- light
- mirror
- microscope
- observation
- comparison
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000188 diaphragm Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/0016—Technical microscopes, e.g. for inspection or measuring in industrial production processes
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A comparison microscope for the simultaneous observation of two objects, in which a partially transmitting mirror arranged in the observation light path serves for the deflection of the illuminating light onto one of the objects. As to the other object, it is arranged in the light path passing through the mirror and the light paths to the two objects are designed symmetrically.
The microscope includes one microscope objective each and one of these objectives is adapted to be inclined with respect to the direction of the illuminating light beams.
A comparison microscope for the simultaneous observation of two objects, in which a partially transmitting mirror arranged in the observation light path serves for the deflection of the illuminating light onto one of the objects. As to the other object, it is arranged in the light path passing through the mirror and the light paths to the two objects are designed symmetrically.
The microscope includes one microscope objective each and one of these objectives is adapted to be inclined with respect to the direction of the illuminating light beams.
Description
~036B5Z
~ his invention relates to a comparison microscope for the simultaneous observation of two objects, in which a partially transmitting mirror arranged in the observation ligh-t path serves for the deflection of the illuminating light path onto one of the objects.
For evaluating microscopic images it is of considerable advantage in many cases to present to the observer the image to be evaluated and a comparison image in the same field o~ view.
Then, the observer can simultaneously see both images and make the comparisons necessary for the evaluation.
Specific comparison microscopes are prior art which enable the simultaneous observation of two objects. Moreover, comparison bridges for connection of two microscopes are prior art which present two field of view halves in a common tube, which are produced each by one of the microscopes. Such special microscopes, respectively comparison bridges are relatively unhandy and also expensive in their construction.
It is also prior art to supplement a reflected light microscope serving for the observation of the positional pro-cedure in the planar technology, in which a partially transmittingmirror arranged in the observation light path is used for the deflection of the illuminating light path onto the object to be observed by an additional deflecting mirror arranged in the partial light path passing through said partially transmitting mirror which directs the light path through an additional microscope objective arranged parallelly with its axis to the main objective onto a second object located adjacently to the main object. ~hereby it is attained to simultaneously observe two objects, the images, however, being superimposed with respect to each other and consequently reduced as to their contrast. In the prior art microscope this is of no importance since only the extent of congruence of the position of different points `~
~03G85Z
shall be observed and no im;a~e comp~rison is to be carried out.
~~he prior art microscope operates with ob~ectives of infinite back focus and therefore requires an additional tube lens which effects the image formation in the image plane of the eyepiece.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a comparison microscope for the simultaneous observation of two objects which is based on a commercially available reflected light microscope and which enables the observation of these objects in separate fields of view with only one additional piece adapted to be attached by few manipulations and which enables an image comparison unobjectionable in every respect.
The invention, in accordance with the above object, comprises optical-element means which include a first microscope objective located on an observation-light path in the direction of a first object and a partia ly transmitting mirror arranged in and inclined with respect to this path. Illuminating means off-set to one side of the mirror are disposed to place light from such source on the above-mentioned path through the microscope objective by reflecting of the mirror, whereby an image of the first object can be seen on the observation-light path as light transmitted via the fir~t objective and through the mirror and whereby some of the light from the source passes through the mirror and generally transverse to the observation-light path.
A second microscope objective is provided which has an axis so positioned in the path of the light from the light-source trans-mitted through the mirror as to illuminate a second objective and cause light reflected by a second object to place an image of this second object as a reflection from the mirror on the observation-light path. There is also provided an axis~tilting means associated with one to the exclusion of the other of the axes of the respective microscope objectives in order to establish dis-crete separated simultaneously viewable images of the two objects B ~ - 2 -on the observation-light path, this las~-named means including selectively operable means for tilting the aXis of one of the microscope objectives with respect to the applicable illuminating light.
Thus, in the novel microscope the splitting mirror of the vertical illumination is used for deflecting a comparison image into the observation light path, the light paths to the main object and to the comparison object being symmetrical. This permits an exact adaption of the imaging scale of both light paths with respect to each other in that the path length is changed in one of the branches. Moreover, such a design permits an unobjectionable and exactly equal illumination of both objects since the symmetrical light paths both comply with the rules for the microscopic object illumination. In both light paths one respective passage and one reflection at the splitting mirror are effected so that therefore no col~our deviations can occur , - 2a -between the light paths. The microscope designed in accordance with the present invention is therefore absolutely neutral as to colour and represents a real comparison microscope.
By an inclination of one of the objectives with respect to the direction of the illuminating light beams and a corres-ponding change in the lamp field diaphragm an optimal association of the two object images can readily be adjusted for the res-pective task. In this connection it is particularly advantageous to so select the association that the object image~ cover a respective half of the field of view. The images appear with full contrast, as well as with exactly equal brightness and apectral composition so that an unobjectionable comparison is rendered possible.
Another solution of the task to provide a simple micro-scope for the simultaneous observation and unobjectionable com-parison of two objects resides in accordance with the present invention in that the partially transmitting mirror arranged in the observation light path ~hich is used to deflect the i}lumin-ating light path onto one of the objects also serves to deflect the light passing through an image of the second object into the observation light path.
Ihe image of the second object is present here as slide through which the light passes from a separate light source and which is imaged by means of a projection lens in the image plane of the microscope eyepiece.
In both solutions hereinbefore described it is of advantage to arrange all construction elements of the comparison light path in a housing e~uipped with means for attachment to the beam splitter of a reflected light microscope. ~he microscope housing must include an opening on the back side of the deflect-- ing mirror for the illuminating light path to which the afore-mentioned housing for the construction elements is attached. It ~036B52 is also possible to design the construction elements of the illuminating light path, the beam splitter and the elements of the comparison light path as an attachment to a transmitted light microscope and to so arrange them that a vertical illumina-tion of the object arranged on the stage is effected.
The novel comparison microscope can be applied parti-cularly advantageously to metal investigations, and in this connection the structure image comparison should be mentioned particularly. Also rock grindings can be evaluated readily and safely as ~ell as a fibre comparison can be readily carried out.
If the novel comparison microscope is applied to the scanning photometry or television image analysis, the judgements obtained there can be objectified by a reference to the comparison image.
The embodiment of the novel comparison microscope in which the comparison arrangement comprises a microscope objective can also be applied with great advantage in criminology. Since the two light paths are absolutely symmetrical optically, the novel microscope is neutral as to colour. ~his i~ of great importance since deviations in colour can positively only be due to the object being analyzed. This also applies to the photographic documentation of the two comparison images in a common photograph.
~, As is readily obvious, the comparison microscope according to the present invention is applicable in a versatile way, since it permits the judgement of different samples by direct image comparison.
If standard objects are used, the comparison arrangement inbluding a microscope objective, this does not only enable the observer to make a statement as to form ~nd colour of the image, but also to give an information on brightness. ~uch a statement as to brightness is, for instance, of importance in the fluoresQence microscopy.
To enable a defined statement as to brightness it is expedient to arrange in the comparison light path an arrangement for changing the image brightness. By means of this arrangement equal image brightness can be established between the object image and the comparison image, the position of the attenuator being representative of the image brightness.
In many cases it may also be advantageous to use an artificial specimen with fluorescent screen background as a com-parison object. Such a specimen also permits a defined statement as to brightness, as herein, the comparison image has a previously exactly defined brightness.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
~igure 1 illustrates an embodiment o~ a comparison microscope designed in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the light path in a comparison microscope with symmetrically designed light paths and a physical comparison object;
~igure 3a illustrates the lamp field diaphragm used in the microscope according to Figure 2;
~igure 3b shows the field of view of this microscope;
Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of the light path in a comparison microscope in which the image of a comparison object is imaged in the observation light path;
Figure 5 is the field of view of the microscope according -to Figure 4.
In Figure 1 reference numeral 1 designates a commercially available reflected light microscope which comprises an objective
~ his invention relates to a comparison microscope for the simultaneous observation of two objects, in which a partially transmitting mirror arranged in the observation ligh-t path serves for the deflection of the illuminating light path onto one of the objects.
For evaluating microscopic images it is of considerable advantage in many cases to present to the observer the image to be evaluated and a comparison image in the same field o~ view.
Then, the observer can simultaneously see both images and make the comparisons necessary for the evaluation.
Specific comparison microscopes are prior art which enable the simultaneous observation of two objects. Moreover, comparison bridges for connection of two microscopes are prior art which present two field of view halves in a common tube, which are produced each by one of the microscopes. Such special microscopes, respectively comparison bridges are relatively unhandy and also expensive in their construction.
It is also prior art to supplement a reflected light microscope serving for the observation of the positional pro-cedure in the planar technology, in which a partially transmittingmirror arranged in the observation light path is used for the deflection of the illuminating light path onto the object to be observed by an additional deflecting mirror arranged in the partial light path passing through said partially transmitting mirror which directs the light path through an additional microscope objective arranged parallelly with its axis to the main objective onto a second object located adjacently to the main object. ~hereby it is attained to simultaneously observe two objects, the images, however, being superimposed with respect to each other and consequently reduced as to their contrast. In the prior art microscope this is of no importance since only the extent of congruence of the position of different points `~
~03G85Z
shall be observed and no im;a~e comp~rison is to be carried out.
~~he prior art microscope operates with ob~ectives of infinite back focus and therefore requires an additional tube lens which effects the image formation in the image plane of the eyepiece.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a comparison microscope for the simultaneous observation of two objects which is based on a commercially available reflected light microscope and which enables the observation of these objects in separate fields of view with only one additional piece adapted to be attached by few manipulations and which enables an image comparison unobjectionable in every respect.
The invention, in accordance with the above object, comprises optical-element means which include a first microscope objective located on an observation-light path in the direction of a first object and a partia ly transmitting mirror arranged in and inclined with respect to this path. Illuminating means off-set to one side of the mirror are disposed to place light from such source on the above-mentioned path through the microscope objective by reflecting of the mirror, whereby an image of the first object can be seen on the observation-light path as light transmitted via the fir~t objective and through the mirror and whereby some of the light from the source passes through the mirror and generally transverse to the observation-light path.
A second microscope objective is provided which has an axis so positioned in the path of the light from the light-source trans-mitted through the mirror as to illuminate a second objective and cause light reflected by a second object to place an image of this second object as a reflection from the mirror on the observation-light path. There is also provided an axis~tilting means associated with one to the exclusion of the other of the axes of the respective microscope objectives in order to establish dis-crete separated simultaneously viewable images of the two objects B ~ - 2 -on the observation-light path, this las~-named means including selectively operable means for tilting the aXis of one of the microscope objectives with respect to the applicable illuminating light.
Thus, in the novel microscope the splitting mirror of the vertical illumination is used for deflecting a comparison image into the observation light path, the light paths to the main object and to the comparison object being symmetrical. This permits an exact adaption of the imaging scale of both light paths with respect to each other in that the path length is changed in one of the branches. Moreover, such a design permits an unobjectionable and exactly equal illumination of both objects since the symmetrical light paths both comply with the rules for the microscopic object illumination. In both light paths one respective passage and one reflection at the splitting mirror are effected so that therefore no col~our deviations can occur , - 2a -between the light paths. The microscope designed in accordance with the present invention is therefore absolutely neutral as to colour and represents a real comparison microscope.
By an inclination of one of the objectives with respect to the direction of the illuminating light beams and a corres-ponding change in the lamp field diaphragm an optimal association of the two object images can readily be adjusted for the res-pective task. In this connection it is particularly advantageous to so select the association that the object image~ cover a respective half of the field of view. The images appear with full contrast, as well as with exactly equal brightness and apectral composition so that an unobjectionable comparison is rendered possible.
Another solution of the task to provide a simple micro-scope for the simultaneous observation and unobjectionable com-parison of two objects resides in accordance with the present invention in that the partially transmitting mirror arranged in the observation light path ~hich is used to deflect the i}lumin-ating light path onto one of the objects also serves to deflect the light passing through an image of the second object into the observation light path.
Ihe image of the second object is present here as slide through which the light passes from a separate light source and which is imaged by means of a projection lens in the image plane of the microscope eyepiece.
In both solutions hereinbefore described it is of advantage to arrange all construction elements of the comparison light path in a housing e~uipped with means for attachment to the beam splitter of a reflected light microscope. ~he microscope housing must include an opening on the back side of the deflect-- ing mirror for the illuminating light path to which the afore-mentioned housing for the construction elements is attached. It ~036B52 is also possible to design the construction elements of the illuminating light path, the beam splitter and the elements of the comparison light path as an attachment to a transmitted light microscope and to so arrange them that a vertical illumina-tion of the object arranged on the stage is effected.
The novel comparison microscope can be applied parti-cularly advantageously to metal investigations, and in this connection the structure image comparison should be mentioned particularly. Also rock grindings can be evaluated readily and safely as ~ell as a fibre comparison can be readily carried out.
If the novel comparison microscope is applied to the scanning photometry or television image analysis, the judgements obtained there can be objectified by a reference to the comparison image.
The embodiment of the novel comparison microscope in which the comparison arrangement comprises a microscope objective can also be applied with great advantage in criminology. Since the two light paths are absolutely symmetrical optically, the novel microscope is neutral as to colour. ~his i~ of great importance since deviations in colour can positively only be due to the object being analyzed. This also applies to the photographic documentation of the two comparison images in a common photograph.
~, As is readily obvious, the comparison microscope according to the present invention is applicable in a versatile way, since it permits the judgement of different samples by direct image comparison.
If standard objects are used, the comparison arrangement inbluding a microscope objective, this does not only enable the observer to make a statement as to form ~nd colour of the image, but also to give an information on brightness. ~uch a statement as to brightness is, for instance, of importance in the fluoresQence microscopy.
To enable a defined statement as to brightness it is expedient to arrange in the comparison light path an arrangement for changing the image brightness. By means of this arrangement equal image brightness can be established between the object image and the comparison image, the position of the attenuator being representative of the image brightness.
In many cases it may also be advantageous to use an artificial specimen with fluorescent screen background as a com-parison object. Such a specimen also permits a defined statement as to brightness, as herein, the comparison image has a previously exactly defined brightness.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
~igure 1 illustrates an embodiment o~ a comparison microscope designed in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the light path in a comparison microscope with symmetrically designed light paths and a physical comparison object;
~igure 3a illustrates the lamp field diaphragm used in the microscope according to Figure 2;
~igure 3b shows the field of view of this microscope;
Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of the light path in a comparison microscope in which the image of a comparison object is imaged in the observation light path;
Figure 5 is the field of view of the microscope according -to Figure 4.
In Figure 1 reference numeral 1 designates a commercially available reflected light microscope which comprises an objective
2 and an eyepiece 3, while instead of the monocular tube illus-trated here, also a binocular tube can readily be used. Reference numeral 4 designates a microscope illuminator which is screwed to `` 1036852 the beam splitter 5 by means of threads. ~his beam splitter includes a partially transmitting mirror which directs the il-luminating li~ht through the objective 2 onto an object 6.
Reference numeral 7 designates a cylindrical component part which includes the comparison arrangement and which is also secured to the beam splitter 5 by means of threads. The housing of the beam splitter has another opening facing the opening $or entry of the i~ minating light path and to which is secured the component part 7. ~he component part 7 is provided with a screw 8 by means of which the comparison light path can be inclined.
Reference numeral 9 designates a slot into which a physical com-parison object can be inserted. ~he comparison objective arranged in the component part 7 is focused onto the comparison object by j means of a knurled ring 10.
As is shown in Figure 2, the microscope illuminator 4 comprises a light source 11, a condenser 12 as well as a lamp , field diaphragm 13. The splitting mirror included in the beam ! splitter 5 is re$erenced 14. This splitting mirror directs a portion of the light originating from the light source 11 and ~' 20 passing through the objective 2 onto the object 6 to be analyzed.
The light reflected by this object, or in the case of $1uorescence mieroscopy emitted by the object passes through the splitting mirror 14 into the eyepiece 3 as light path 15.
~he comparison arrangement 7 comprises a microscope objective 16 which exactly corresponds to the objective 2. Also the comparison object 17 is included. ~his object is illuminated through the splitting mirror 14 and the light reflected or emitted by the object 17 is deflected into the light path 15 by the mirror 14.
As can be seen from ~igure 2, the light paths in the observation path and in the comparison path are fully symmetricàl.
In the illustrated embodiment a movable neutral wedge is arranged _ 6 -in the pupil of the comparison light path. By movement of this wedge the brightness in the comparison light path can exactly be adapted to that in the observation light path.
As illustrated in Figure 3a in the embodiment of ~igure 2 the lamp field diaphragm 13 includes an opening 19 in the form of half a sguare which is arranged unsymmetrically with re5pect to the optical axis. Thereby, the observation objective 2 only supplies an image portion in the eyepiece 3 which covers half of the field of view. ~he comparison objective 16 together with the comparison object 17 is, as is illustrated, inclined relatively to the optical axis such that the comparison image 17' assumes the position of the field of view not used for the observation path of rays. ~hereby it is attained that two adjacent images 17' and 6' appear in the eyepiece 3, as is shown by Figure 3b. These images are associated with the object 6 to be analy~e~
and the comparison object 17. By movement of the lamp field diaphragm 13 vertically to the optical axis and corresponding inclination of the comparison objective 16 the boundary line between the partial images 17' and 6' can randomly be changed in its position.
In the embodiment illustrated in ~igure 4 an image of the comparison object is deflected into the observation light path 15. The comparison light path herein comprises an additional light source 21 illuminating a slide 23 via a condenser 22. ~he light passing through this slide is imaged in the image plane of the microscope eyepiece 3 by means of a projection objective 24. Expediently, the slide 23 does not only comprise one, but several comparison images enabling a differentiation of the statement.
In the embodiment illustrated here a lamp field dia-phragm 20 including a small circular opening is arranged in the .
illumination light path. A portion of the object 6 is illuminated '` 1036~S2 through this opening so that finally the image 6l illustrated in Figure 5 is viewed in the eyepiece 3. A diaphragm 25 is arranged in the comparison light path, which masks the central portion of the image. ~he image 23' of the slide 23 can be observed as a circular ring around the image 6' as is shown in Figure 5.
In the association of the two images illustrated in Figure 5 only the centre of the image supplying a particularly good image is used by the microscope objective 2. Of course, it is possible to use the lamp field diaphragm 13 illustrated in Figure 2 instead of the lamp field diaphragm 20, and to so incline the comparison ~ight path that the image of the slide is projected into the position not used for the image of object 6 so that finally, an image can be observed in the field of view of the eyepiece 3, which corresponds to Figure 3b.
Instead of the reflected light microscope 1 illustrated in Figure 1 also a transmitted light microscope can be used. To this end, it is necessary to design the construction elements 4 of the illuminating light path, the beam splitter 5 and the component parts 7 of the comparison light path as attachment and to so arrange the same that the object 6 is illuminated by vertical light.
Reference numeral 7 designates a cylindrical component part which includes the comparison arrangement and which is also secured to the beam splitter 5 by means of threads. The housing of the beam splitter has another opening facing the opening $or entry of the i~ minating light path and to which is secured the component part 7. ~he component part 7 is provided with a screw 8 by means of which the comparison light path can be inclined.
Reference numeral 9 designates a slot into which a physical com-parison object can be inserted. ~he comparison objective arranged in the component part 7 is focused onto the comparison object by j means of a knurled ring 10.
As is shown in Figure 2, the microscope illuminator 4 comprises a light source 11, a condenser 12 as well as a lamp , field diaphragm 13. The splitting mirror included in the beam ! splitter 5 is re$erenced 14. This splitting mirror directs a portion of the light originating from the light source 11 and ~' 20 passing through the objective 2 onto the object 6 to be analyzed.
The light reflected by this object, or in the case of $1uorescence mieroscopy emitted by the object passes through the splitting mirror 14 into the eyepiece 3 as light path 15.
~he comparison arrangement 7 comprises a microscope objective 16 which exactly corresponds to the objective 2. Also the comparison object 17 is included. ~his object is illuminated through the splitting mirror 14 and the light reflected or emitted by the object 17 is deflected into the light path 15 by the mirror 14.
As can be seen from ~igure 2, the light paths in the observation path and in the comparison path are fully symmetricàl.
In the illustrated embodiment a movable neutral wedge is arranged _ 6 -in the pupil of the comparison light path. By movement of this wedge the brightness in the comparison light path can exactly be adapted to that in the observation light path.
As illustrated in Figure 3a in the embodiment of ~igure 2 the lamp field diaphragm 13 includes an opening 19 in the form of half a sguare which is arranged unsymmetrically with re5pect to the optical axis. Thereby, the observation objective 2 only supplies an image portion in the eyepiece 3 which covers half of the field of view. ~he comparison objective 16 together with the comparison object 17 is, as is illustrated, inclined relatively to the optical axis such that the comparison image 17' assumes the position of the field of view not used for the observation path of rays. ~hereby it is attained that two adjacent images 17' and 6' appear in the eyepiece 3, as is shown by Figure 3b. These images are associated with the object 6 to be analy~e~
and the comparison object 17. By movement of the lamp field diaphragm 13 vertically to the optical axis and corresponding inclination of the comparison objective 16 the boundary line between the partial images 17' and 6' can randomly be changed in its position.
In the embodiment illustrated in ~igure 4 an image of the comparison object is deflected into the observation light path 15. The comparison light path herein comprises an additional light source 21 illuminating a slide 23 via a condenser 22. ~he light passing through this slide is imaged in the image plane of the microscope eyepiece 3 by means of a projection objective 24. Expediently, the slide 23 does not only comprise one, but several comparison images enabling a differentiation of the statement.
In the embodiment illustrated here a lamp field dia-phragm 20 including a small circular opening is arranged in the .
illumination light path. A portion of the object 6 is illuminated '` 1036~S2 through this opening so that finally the image 6l illustrated in Figure 5 is viewed in the eyepiece 3. A diaphragm 25 is arranged in the comparison light path, which masks the central portion of the image. ~he image 23' of the slide 23 can be observed as a circular ring around the image 6' as is shown in Figure 5.
In the association of the two images illustrated in Figure 5 only the centre of the image supplying a particularly good image is used by the microscope objective 2. Of course, it is possible to use the lamp field diaphragm 13 illustrated in Figure 2 instead of the lamp field diaphragm 20, and to so incline the comparison ~ight path that the image of the slide is projected into the position not used for the image of object 6 so that finally, an image can be observed in the field of view of the eyepiece 3, which corresponds to Figure 3b.
Instead of the reflected light microscope 1 illustrated in Figure 1 also a transmitted light microscope can be used. To this end, it is necessary to design the construction elements 4 of the illuminating light path, the beam splitter 5 and the component parts 7 of the comparison light path as attachment and to so arrange the same that the object 6 is illuminated by vertical light.
Claims (11)
1. In a comparison microscope for the simultaneous observation of two objects, optical-element means including a first microscope objective on an observation-light path to a first object, a partially transmitting mirror arranged in and inclined with respect to the observation-light path, illuminating means offset to one side of said mirror and disposed to place light from said source on the observation-light path through said microscope objective by reflection from said mirror, whereby an image of the first object is viewable on the observation-light path as light transmitted via said first objective and through said mirror, and whereby some of the light from said source passes through said mirror and generally transverse to said observation-light path, a second microscope objective having its axis so positioned in the path of the light-source light transmitted through said mirror as to illuminate a second objective and to cause light reflected by the second object to place an image of the second object as a reflection from said mirror on the observation-light path, and axis-tilting means associated with one to the exclusion of the other of the axes of the respective microscope objectives for establishing discrete separated simultaneously viewable images of the two objects on the observation-light path, said last-defined means including selectively operable means for tilting the axis of one of said microscope objectives with respect to the applicable illuminating light.
2. The comparison microscope of claim 1, in which said illuminating means includes a light source and a diaphragm having a straight edge defining the border between a light-transmitting area and a light-blocking area, said diaphragm being positioned with its light-transmitting area asymmetrical to the axis of light from said light source to said mirror the axis of said second microscope objective being so tilted with respect to the axis of light from said source to said mirror, that the image of said second object is viewable directly adjacent the image of the first object within that part of the field of view which is not illuminated by the light coming through said diaphragm.
3. In a comparison microscope for the simultaneous observation of two objects, first optical-element means including a microscope objective on an observation-light path to a first object, a partially transmitting mirror arranged in and inclined with respect to the observation-light path, illuminating means offset to one side of said mirror and disposed to place light from said source on the observation-light path through said microscope objective by reflection from said mirror, whereby an image of the first object is viewable on the observation-light path as light transmitted via said first objective and through said mirror and whereby an alignment axis is established from said source and through to the other side of said mirror, means on said alignment axis and on said other side of said mirror for supporting another object to be viewed, second optical-element means including projecting optical means between said mirror and said last-mentioned means for projecting via reflection from said mirror an image of the second object, said image being viewable on the observation-light path and concurrently with the image of the first object, and axis-tilting means associated with one to the exclusion of the other of said respective axes of said microscope objective and of said projecting optical means for establishing discrete separated simultaneously viewable images of the two objects on the observation-light path, said last defined means including selectively operable means for tilting the axis of one of said optical-element means with respect to the applicable illuminating light.
4. The comparison microscope of claim 3, in Which said illuminating means includes a light source and a diaphragm having a straight edge defining the border between a light-transmitting area and a light-blocking area, said diaphragm being positioned with its light-transmitting area asymmetrical to the axis of light from said light source to said mirror, the axis of said projecting optical means being so tilted with respect to said alignment axis, that the image of said second object is viewable directly adjacent the image of the first object within that part of the field of view which is not illuminated by the light coming through said diaphragm.
5. The comparison microscope of claims 2 or 4, in which said diaphragm is selectively positionable transverse to the axis of light from said light source to said mirror, and in the direction perpendicular to said straight edge.
6. The comparison microscope of claim 4, in which said diaphragm is a rectangular stop, said straight edge being one of the two elongate opposed side margins of the stop opening.
7. The comparison microscope of claim 2, in which said second microscope objective is mounted for selective tilt of its axis about a tilt axis that is parallel to the straight edge of said diaphragm.
8. The comparison microscope of claim 1, in which selectively variable attenuating means is provided on the axis of said second microscope objective.
9. The comparison microscope of claim 1, in which the second object is an artificial specimen with a fluorescent-screen background.
10. The comparison microscope of claim 1, in which said illuminating means and mirror are parts of a transmitted-light microscope, said transmitted-light microscope, including a housing for said mirror, said housing having an opening to the side of said mirror away from said light source, all structural elements of the comparison light path between said second microscope objective and said mirror being contained in a unitary housing having means for selective attachment to said mirror housing at the opening thereof.
11. The comparison microscope of claim 1, in which said illuminating means and mirror are parts of a reflected-light microscope, said reflected-light microscope including a housing for said mirror, said housing having an opening to the side of said mirror away from said light source, all structural elements of the comparison light path between said second microscope objective and said mirror being contained in a unitary housing having means for selective attachment to said mirror housing at the opening thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2407270A DE2407270C2 (en) | 1974-02-15 | 1974-02-15 | Comparative microscope |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1036852A true CA1036852A (en) | 1978-08-22 |
Family
ID=5907514
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA219,488A Expired CA1036852A (en) | 1974-02-15 | 1975-02-06 | Comparison microscope |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4017147A (en) |
| JP (2) | JPS50119665A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT353028B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7500780A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1036852A (en) |
| CH (2) | CH578742A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2407270C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2261545B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1486485A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1044121B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7501436A (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4232968A (en) * | 1978-12-26 | 1980-11-11 | Kempf Paul S | Optical comparator with 3-D image |
| DE3312779A1 (en) * | 1983-04-09 | 1984-10-11 | Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim | METHOD FOR MAKING A COMPARISON STANDARD INTO THE IMAGE OF A MICROSCOPE |
| US4840455A (en) * | 1985-03-20 | 1989-06-20 | Paul Stuart Kempf And Pilar Moreno Family Trust | 3-dimensional optical viewing system |
| IL82903A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1991-03-10 | Greene Arnold H | High resolution microfilm reader |
| US5024512A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1991-06-18 | American Photo Systems, Inc. | Microfilm reader with microfilm and reticle images provided to each of two binocular eyepieces |
| US5252258A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1993-10-12 | Doryokuro Kakunenryo Kaihatsu Jigyodan | Method of recovering and storing radioactive iodine by freeze vacuum drying process |
| US5115339A (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1992-05-19 | Cambridge Instruments Inc. | Stereomicroscope |
| JP2004037317A (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-02-05 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Three-dimensional shape measuring method and three-dimensional shape measuring device |
| US8077386B2 (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2011-12-13 | Microbrightfield, Inc. | Movable objective lens assembly for an optical microscope and optical microscopes having such an assembly |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2051174C3 (en) * | 1970-10-19 | 1974-06-06 | Ernst Leitz Gmbh, 6330 Wetzlar | Double microscope |
-
1974
- 1974-02-15 DE DE2407270A patent/DE2407270C2/en not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-01-29 CH CH101575A patent/CH578742A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-01-29 CH CH101675A patent/CH579283A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-02-06 CA CA219,488A patent/CA1036852A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-02-06 BR BR780/75A patent/BR7500780A/en unknown
- 1975-02-06 NL NL7501436A patent/NL7501436A/en unknown
- 1975-02-07 GB GB5277/75A patent/GB1486485A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-02-10 IT IT48106/75A patent/IT1044121B/en active
- 1975-02-10 US US05/548,672 patent/US4017147A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1975-02-12 AT AT103075A patent/AT353028B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-02-12 JP JP50017741A patent/JPS50119665A/ja active Pending
- 1975-02-12 JP JP50017740A patent/JPS50119664A/ja active Pending
- 1975-02-13 FR FR7504472A patent/FR2261545B1/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1044121B (en) | 1980-03-20 |
| AT353028B (en) | 1979-10-25 |
| BR7500780A (en) | 1975-11-25 |
| JPS50119665A (en) | 1975-09-19 |
| CH578742A5 (en) | 1976-08-13 |
| JPS50119664A (en) | 1975-09-19 |
| FR2261545A1 (en) | 1975-09-12 |
| CH579283A5 (en) | 1976-08-31 |
| DE2407270C2 (en) | 1980-08-07 |
| FR2261545B1 (en) | 1979-09-28 |
| NL7501436A (en) | 1975-08-19 |
| DE2407270B1 (en) | 1975-08-14 |
| GB1486485A (en) | 1977-09-21 |
| ATA103075A (en) | 1979-03-15 |
| US4017147A (en) | 1977-04-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4585315A (en) | Brightfield/darkfield microscope illuminator | |
| US6987609B2 (en) | Microscope | |
| US6992820B2 (en) | Illuminating optical system and microscope provided with the same | |
| US4127318A (en) | Direct illumination apparatus for light and dark field illumination | |
| US7304281B2 (en) | Confocal laser scanning microscope | |
| US20030063376A1 (en) | Microscope system | |
| US8000004B2 (en) | Microscope with centered illumination | |
| US2910913A (en) | Camera microscopes | |
| US5020891A (en) | Single aperture confocal scanning biomicroscope and kit for converting single lamp biomicroscope thereto | |
| US5764408A (en) | Lens-barrel optical system and microscope apparatus | |
| JPS61112116A (en) | Microscope having binocular cylinder | |
| CA1036852A (en) | Comparison microscope | |
| US3851949A (en) | Microscope having a photometer | |
| US5053803A (en) | Information display apparatus for camera | |
| US3637283A (en) | Stereomicroscope with illumination by specularly reflected light | |
| US6816304B2 (en) | Variable magnification microscope | |
| JPH0815612A (en) | Microscope device | |
| US5701198A (en) | Confocal incident light microscope | |
| US8009352B2 (en) | Microscope with centered illumination | |
| US3820870A (en) | Photometric instuments | |
| US3843227A (en) | Light dissecting optical system | |
| US5270747A (en) | Stereomicroscope with first and second illuminating systems | |
| US20040145816A1 (en) | Microscope lens arrangement | |
| JPH0593869A (en) | Lighting device of microscope | |
| JPH08166514A (en) | Obliquely illuminating device |