A download manager is a Casanova Download computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from Casanova Download (and sometime to) the Casanova Download Internet for storage. This is unlike Casanova Download a World Wide Web Casanova Download browser, which is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is of secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web page Casanova Download file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from errors without losing the work already completed, and Casanova Download can optionally split the file to be downloaded Casanova Download (or uploaded) into 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits Casanova Download of the available bandwidth. (A Casanova Download few servers are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded Casanova Download in Casanova Download parallel.
There are several things that some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers Casanova Download enter the equation:
Pausing the Casanova Download downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads (especially Casanova Download for very large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic Casanova Download hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the Casanova Download handling of different connections to download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for Casanova Download active Internet users. For dial-up users, they Casanova Download can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks on during the day, and queue these Casanova Download files for later download. For broadband users, download managers Casanova Download can help download very large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are Casanova Download not affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, Aben Free Movie Download To Own or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Casanova Download Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to Casanova Download download entire websites.
Download managers, Casanova Download such as Go!Zilla, were among the first Casanova Download adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to Casanova Download download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download Casanova Download managers are designed to give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created to give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software Casanova Download on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their software (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard Casanova Download 1037C. They are states or Naxjp Download conditions of a "device or equipment" or of "a functional unit". Casanova Download To be considered on-line, a device must Casanova Download be at least one of:
"Under the direct Casanova Download control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which Casanova Download it is associated"
"Available for immediate Casanova Download use Casanova Download on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to Casanova Download a Casanova Download system, and is Casanova Download in operation"
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"Functional and ready for service"
while a device that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA Casanova Download is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to Casanova Download make any such Casanova Download connections. Casanova Download The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily Casanova Download reflect the Casanova Download connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or Casanova Download an ADSL connection, Casanova Download but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, Casanova Download so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection Casanova Download on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which the computer currently Casanova Download happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may not wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these concepts Casanova Download is in the world of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other Casanova Download device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically Casanova Download synchronizes Casanova Download itself Casanova Download to the master and commences playing from the same point in Casanova Download the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its Casanova Download own internal clock. Casanova Download When a large number of devices are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the output of one single device, to Casanova Download take it off-line, because if Casanova Download the device is Casanova Download played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the playback point Download Chakde India and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
A third example of Casanova Download a common use of these concepts is a Casanova Download web Casanova Download browser that Casanova Download can be instructed to be in either "on-line" Casanova Download or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to Casanova Download fetch pages from servers whilst in the "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of those pages that Casanova Download have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is Casanova Download also off-line, with Casanova Download connection Casanova Download to Internet expensive or Casanova Download impossible. The pages are either Nod 32-free Download downloaded implicitly into the web Casanova Download browser's own cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, Casanova Download or explicitly by Casanova Download the browser being Casanova Download configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line Casanova Download state, either by checking Casanova Download that the local copies are Casanova Download up-to-date at regular intervals or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date Casanova Download whenever Casanova Download the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web browser capable of Casanova Download being explicitly configured to download pages for offline Casanova Download browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being made "available Casanova Download for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links Casanova Download to. In Casanova Download Internet Casanova Download Explorer version 6, the level of direct Casanova Download and indirect links, the maximum amount Casanova Download of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule Casanova Download on which local copies are checked to Casanova Download see Casanova Download whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for Casanova Download each individual "Favourite" entry.
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See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" Casanova Download was removed as a feature in the most recent Casanova Download version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, but Casanova Download not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage Casanova Download is computer storage that is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human Casanova Download intervention", Casanova Download i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized Casanova Download from computing and telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal relationships. Casanova Download The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of Casanova Download study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is Lords Of Magic Free Download conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. Casanova Download "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" Casanova Download is reality Casanova Download (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his argument that Casanova Download the distinctions in Casanova Download relationships are more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people Casanova Download draw no distinction between Casanova Download an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in Casanova Download cybersex, and an Casanova Download "off-line" relationship, such Casanova Download as being pen-pals. He also argues that even Casanova Download the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience in some circumstances, and that Casanova Download the blurring of Casanova Download the distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such Casanova Download Download Free Otis Redding Music as PDA and mobile telephone, Casanova Download television Casanova Download and Internet, and telephone Casanova Download and voice-over-IP) has made it Casanova Download "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the first generation Casanova Download of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are legal and Casanova Download regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and Casanova Download "off-line", with a "general tendency Casanova Download to assimilate online to Casanova Download offline and Casanova Download erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships Video Grabber Download (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, Casanova Download on-line are already Casanova Download seen as just as "real" as their off-line Casanova Download counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures that an Casanova Download "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite Casanova Download comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen Casanova Download as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with Casanova Download its Casanova Download desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have Casanova Download satirized this. One Casanova Download includes Saint Casanova Download Peter asking for a user name and a password before admitting a man Casanova Download into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All items are actual size!", where shoppers may Casanova Download "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise Casanova Download may be handled prior to purchase!". |
